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1 Title: Enlightenment and Empire, Mughals and Marathas: The
Title: Enlightenment and Empire, Mughals and Marathas: The Religious History of Indian in the Work of East India Company Servant, Alexander Dow. Abstract: This article situates the work of East India Company servant Alexander Dow (1735-1779), principally his writings on the history and future state of India, in contemporary debates about empire, religion and enlightened government. To do so it offers a sustained analysis of his 1772 essay “A Dissertation Concerning the Origin and Nature of Despotism in Hindostan”, as well as his proposals for the restoration of Bengal, both of which played an influential part in shaping the preoccupations with Mughal history that dominated the contemporary crisis in the Company’s legitimacy. By linking these texts to his earlier work on ‘Hindoo’ religion, it will argue that Dow’s analysis of the relationship between certain religious cultures and their civic qualities was rooted in a deist perspective. It doing so it restores the enlightenment components of Dow’s thought, and their impact on the ideology of empire, in a crucial period of British expansion in India. Keywords: Empire, Enlightenment, India, Eighteenth Century, East India Company, Religion 1 Historians are increasingly concerned with the Enlightenment’s extra-European context.1 In particular, recognising that international commerce and exchange were its material context, scholars have turned their attention to Enlightenment attitudes to empire. For Sankar Muthu this has meant tracing anti-imperialist strands of enlightenment thought.2 This -
Baghawat Geeta, Class 13
Baghawat Geeta, Class 13 Greetings All, Gita, Chapter # 2, Samkhya Yoga: Swamiji starts off by reminding us that Vyasa now presents Arjuna as a seeker of moksha. The fundamental human problem characterized by Raga (Likes), Dvesha (Dislikes) and Moha (delusion) is also called Samsara. Due to attachment, when we lose a person or an object, it causes us Shoka. In this state of Shoka our mind loses its discriminating faculty and is called Moha. This is the situation faced by Arjuna in battlefield. While we try making adjustments to the external world to solve such an internal problem, it only acts as a palliative or a first aid rather than as a remedy. In such a situation the aggrieved person should discuss his helplessness in solving the problem, and this state of helplessness is called Karpanya bhava or Dainya bhava. While Arjuna has discovered his problem he has not yet arrived at the helpless stage, the second stage of problem solving. Shloka #5: Arjuna says: If I fight and kill my two Gurus, I will only remember how they struggled and died in battle. Every moment I will remember how I killed Bhishma and Drona. My other option is not to fight and retire to the forest, where I will have to live on alms. Swamiji says Arjuna has to decide which course of action to take. He chooses Adharma. He feels he will be better off living in forest, on alms. For a Kshatriya and Grihastha, Bhiksha is not allowed. Giving up one’s Sva-Dharma is also a sin. -
Arsha November 08 Wrapper Final
Arsha Vidya Newsletter Rs. 15/- Vol. 11 November 2010 Issue 11 Arsha Vidya Pitham Arsha Vidya Gurukulam Arsha Vidya Gurukulam Swami Dayananda Ashram Institute of Vedanta and Institute of Vedanta and Sanskrit Sri Gangadhareswar Trust Sanskrit Sruti Seva Trust Purani Jhadi, Rishikesh P.O. Box No.1059 Anaikatti P.O. Pin 249 201, Uttarakhanda Saylorsburg, PA, 18353, USA Coimbatore 641 108 Ph.0135-2431769 Tel: 570-992-2339 Tel. 0422-2657001, Fax: 0135 2430769 Fax: 570-992-7150 Fax 91-0422-2657002 Website: www.dayananda.org 570-992-9617 Web Site : "http://www.arshavidya.in" Email: [email protected] Web Site : "http://www.arshavidya.org" Email: [email protected] Books Dept. : "http://books.arshavidya.org" Board of Trustees: Chairman: Board of Directors: Board of Trustees: Swami Dayananda President: Paramount Trustee: Saraswati Swami Dayananda Saraswati Swami Dayananda Saraswati Trustees: Vice Presidents: Swami Viditatmananda Saraswati Swami Suddhananda Chairman: Swami Tattvavidananda Saraswati Swami Aparokshananda R. Santharam Secretary: Swami Hamsananda Anand Gupta Trustees: Sri Rajnikant C. Soundar Raj Treasurer: Sri M.G. Srinivasan Piyush and Avantika Shah P.R.Ramasubrahmaneya Rajhah Ravi Sam Asst. Secretary: Arsha Vijnana Gurukulam N.K. Kejriwal Dr. Carol Whitfield 72, Bharat Nagar T.A. Kandasamy Pillai Amaravathi Road, Nagpur Ravi Gupta Maharashtra 410 033 Directors: Phone: 91-0712-2523768 Drs.N.Balasubramaniam (Bala) & Arul M. Krishnan Emai: [email protected] Ajay & Bharati Chanchani Dr.Urmila Gujarathi Secretary: Board of Trustees -
Mellows of Divine Love - Raganuga Bhakti
MELLOWS OF DIVINE LOVE - RAGANUGA BHAKTI Essays on raganuga-bhakti compiled by Tarun Govinda das 1. A general examination of bhakti 2. Raganuga-tattva-vijnana (Srila Ananta das Babaji) 3. Radha and Krishna in Vrindavana? Only attainable by raganuga-bhakti 4. Rāgānugā-bhakti: From interest to perfection 5. Raganuga bhakti - simple and pure 2.0 6. Raganuga-bhakti and vaidhi-bhakti (excerpt from "Raga-Vartma-Chandrika" by Sripad Vishvanatha Cakravartipad) 7. Raganuga-bhakti only possible with a pure heart? 8. Raganuga-bhakti, siddha pranali & minor acaryas 9. Srila Narottama das Thakur on raganuga-bhakti (with the tika of Srila Ananta das Babaji) 10.How the raganugiya bhakta GRADUALLY advances through the stages of anartha nivritti, nishtha, ruci, and asakti, upto the stage of prema and the direct attainment of his beloved deity A general examination of bhakti The word “raganuga” literally means “to follow loving attachment”, love directed towards God. To gain a deeper understanding of the concept, let us first examine the concept of bhakti, loving devotion for God, in general. Bhakti is divided into three main categories in accordance with its development. sa bhaktih sadhanam bhavah prema ceti tridhodita || (brs 1.2.1) “This devotion is said to be of three kinds, namely practice (sadhana), feeling (bhava) and love (prema).”The initial stage of practice (sadhana) is the time when the aspiring servant of God begins to cultivate his relationship with God. Practice is understood as follows: kriti-sadhya bhavet sadhya-bhava sa sadhanabhidha | nitya-siddhasya bhavasya prakatyam hridi sadhyata || (brs 1.2.2) “That, which is accomplished through the functions of the senses, and through which a loving devotional feeling (bhava) is attained, is called devotion in practice (sadhana-bhakti). -
Gupta Empire and Their Rulers – History Notes
Gupta Empire and Their Rulers – History Notes Posted On April 28, 2020 By Cgpsc.Info Home » CGPSC Notes » History Notes » Gupta Empire and Their Rulers Gupta Empire and Their Rulers – The Gupta period marks the important phase in the history of ancient India. The long and e¸cient rule of the Guptas made a huge impact on the political, social and cultural sphere. Though the Gupta dynasty was not widespread as the Maurya Empire, but it was successful in creating an empire that is signiÛcant in the history of India. The Gupta period is also known as the “classical age” or “golden age” because of progress in literature and culture. After the downfall of Kushans, Guptas emerged and kept North India politically united for more than a century. Early Rulers of Gupta dynasty (Gupta Empire) :- Srigupta – I (270 – 300 C.E.): He was the Ûrst ruler of Magadha (modern Bihar) who established Gupta dynasty (Gupta Empire) with Pataliputra as its capital. Ghatotkacha Gupta (300 – 319 C.E): Both were not sovereign, they were subordinates of Kushana Rulers Chandragupta I (319 C.E. to 335 C.E.): Laid the foundation of Gupta rule in India. He assumed the title “Maharajadhiraja”. He issued gold coins for the Ûrst time. One of the important events in his period was his marriage with a Lichchavi (Kshatriyas) Princess. The marriage alliance with Kshatriyas gave social prestige to the Guptas who were Vaishyas. He started the Gupta Era in 319-320C.E. Chandragupta I was able to establish his authority over Magadha, Prayaga,and Saketa. Calendars in India 58 B.C. -
VEDA (Level-A)
Maheshwara Sutras CLASS-III Notes CLASS-III Lesson 7 Maheshwara Sutras Lesson 8 Samarasya Shloka Sagraha Lesson 9 Ekatmata Storta-Song of Unity Lesson 10 Amarakosha-Svargavarga OBE-Bharatiya Jnana Parampara 57 Maheshwara Sutras CLASS-III Notes 58 Veda, Level-A Maheshwara Sutras CLASS-III 7 Notes MAHESHWARA SUTRAS Sounds of Sanskrit language are described in Maheshwara Sutras. There are basic of Sanskrit grammar. Maheshwara Sutras are fourteen in numbers. All the Vowels and Consonants are told in there Maheshwara Sutras. OBJECTIVES After reading this lesson, you will be able to : • recite all 14 Maheshwara Sutras; • know Sanskrit Sounds; and • identify the Pratyaharas. 7.1 MAHESHWARA SUTRAS There is story behind the Samskrita alphabets. Nataraja is other name of Shiva. He is in the dancing pose. Nataraja has Damaru in his one hand. Damaru is a small two-headed drum, used in many Indian, Buddhist and Tibetan traditions. Damru is known as the instrument of Lord Shiva. Damaru was first created by OBE-Bharatiya Jnana Parampara 59 Maheshwara Sutras CLASS-III Shiva to produce different sounds. Sanskrit Alphabets origined from the sound of the Damaru of the Lord Shiva called Maheswara Sutras. Notes Mãhesvara Sutrani is fourteen verses that organize the phonemes of Sanskrit as referred to in the Astadhyayi of Panini, the foundational text of Sanskrit grammar. A famous verse in Sage Panini's Ashtadhyayi says that the Panini grammar that is in use now is graced by Lord Shiva. Hence the first known organized sounds are known as the Maheshvara Sutra - Maheshvara being another name of Lord Shiva. -
Ig¾a Corporate Plan
In the beginning … water covered the Earth. Out of the water emerged an island, a single giant mass of land; an ancient supercontinent called Pangaea. Over billions of years, tectonic forces broke Pangaea apart, dividing the supercontinent into ever distant land masses: Africa, Eurasia, Australasia, North and South America. As the land masses drifted farther apart, so too did the people who inhabited them. Huge bodies of water, time and space, separated people from their friends, family, loved ones and partners in trade. Until now… Igæa: (eye-jee-uh) n: “i” mod. (interconnected; internet; idea); “Gaea” Grk. (earth; land). 1) The new supercontinent; a virtual place created through light speed communications; 2) Interconnected Earth; everywhere at once, omnipresent; 3) A global Internet Protocol (IP) communications network carrying streaming digital voice, video and data, transcending physical barriers, to bring all the people of the world togeth- er in one virtual place at any time. Important Information Confidential This corporate plan and all of its contents were produced internally by Igæa. For more information contact: Kirk Rittenhouse Manz, CEO Igæa 119 Windsor Drive Nashville, Tennessee 37205 E-mail [email protected] Telephone 615/353-9737 Facsimile 615/353-9521 www.igaea.com 2nd Quarter 2000 This business plan is provided for purposes of information and evaluation only. It does not constitute an offer to sell, or a solicitation of securities, offers to buy or any other interest in the business. Any such offering will be made only by appropriate documents and in accordance with applicable State and Federal laws. The information contained in this document is absolutely confidential and is intend- ed only for persons to whom it is transmitted by the Company and to their imme- diate business associates with whom they are required to confer in order to prop- erly evaluate this business opportunity. -
A Survey of Resource Allocation Techniques for Cellular Network's
electronics Review A Survey of Resource Allocation Techniques for Cellular Network’s Operation in the Unlicensed Band Mohammedhusen Manekiya 1 , Abhinav Kumar 2 , Ashish Yadav 3 and Massimo Donelli 1,* 1 Department of Information Engineering and Computer Science, University of Trento, 38123 Trento, Italy; [email protected] 2 Department of Electrical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Telangana 502285, India; [email protected] 3 Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Tandon School of Engineering, New York University, Brooklyn, NY 11201, USA; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +39-3297-00-4115 Received: 1 August 2020; Accepted: 27 August 2020; Published: 7 September 2020 Abstract: With an ever increasing demand for data, better and efficient spectrum operation has become crucial in cellular networks. In this paper, we present a detailed survey of various resource allocation schemes that have been considered for the cellular network’s operation in the unlicensed spectrum. The key channel access mechanisms for cellular network’s operation in the unlicensed bands are discussed. The various channel selection techniques are explored and their operation explained. The prime issue of fairness between cellular and Wi-Fi networks is discussed, along with suitable resource allocation techniques that help in achieving this fairness. We analyze the coverage, capacity, and impact of coordination in LTE-U systems. Furthermore, we study and discuss the impact and discussed the impact of various traffic type, environments, latency, handover, and scenarios on LTE-U’s performance. The new upcoming 5G New Radio and MulteFire is briefly described along with some of the critical aspects of LTE-U which require further research. -
The Guptas 7
www.tntextbooks.in SPLIT BY - SIS ACADEMY https://t.me/SISACADEMYENGLISHMEDIUM Lesson The Guptas 7 Learning Objectives To learn the importance of Gupta rule in Indian history. To understand the significance of land grants and its impact on agricultural economy of the empire. To acquaint ourselves with the nature of the society and the socio-economic life of the people of the time. To know the development of culture, art and education during the period. Introduction a golden age, it is not entirely accurate. After the Mauryan empire, many small Many scholars would, however, agree that kingdoms rose and fell. In the period from it was a period of cultural florescence and c. 300 to 700 CE, a classical pattern of an a classical age for the arts. imperial rule evolved, paving the way for state formation in many regions. During Sources this period, the Gupta kingdom emerged There are three types of sources for as a great power and achieved the political reconstructing the history of the Gupta unification of a large part of the Indian period. subcontinent. It featured a strong central government, bringing many kingdoms I. Literary sources under its hegemony. Feudalism as an Narada, Vishnu, Brihaspati and institution began to take root during this Katyayana smritis. period. With an effective guild system and overseas trade, the Gupta economy Kamandaka’s Nitisara, a work on boomed. Great works in Sanskrit were polity addressed to the king (400 CE) produced during this period and a high Devichandraguptam and level of cultural maturity in fine arts, Mudrarakshasam by Vishakadutta sculpture and architecture was achieved. -
Issues in Indian Philosophy and Its History
4 ISSUESININDIAN PHILOSOPHY AND ITS HISTORY 4.1 DOXOGRAPHY AND CATEGORIZATION Gerdi Gerschheimer Les Six doctrines de spéculation (ṣaṭtarkī) Sur la catégorisation variable des systèmes philosophiques dans lInde classique* ayam eva tarkasyālaņkāro yad apratişţhitatvaņ nāma (Śaģkaraad Brahmasūtra II.1.11, cité par W. Halbfass, India and Europe, p. 280) Les sixaines de darśana During the last centuries, the six-fold group of Vaiśeşika, Nyāya, Sāņkhya, Yoga, Mīmāņ- sā, and Vedānta ( ) hasgained increasing recognition in presentations of Indian philosophy, and this scheme of the systems is generally accepted today.1 Cest en effet cette liste de sys- tèmes philosophiques (darśana) quévoque le plus souvent, pour lindianiste, le terme şađ- darśana. Il est cependant bien connu, également, que le regroupement sous cette étiquette de ces six systèmes brahmaniques orthodoxes est relativement récent, sans doute postérieur au XIIe siècle;2 un survol de la littérature doxographique sanskrite fait apparaître quil nest du reste pas le plus fréquent parmi les configurations censées comprendre lensemble des sys- tèmes.3 La plupart des doxographies incluent en effet des descriptions des trois grands sys- tèmes non brahmaniques, cest-à-dire le matérialisme,4 le bouddhisme et le jaïnisme. Le Yoga en tant que tel et le Vedānta,par contre, sont souvent absents de la liste des systèmes, en particulier avant les XIIIe-XIVe siècles. Il nen reste pas moins que les darśana sont souvent considérés comme étant au nombre de six, quelle quen soit la liste. La prégnance de cette association, qui apparaît dès la première doxographie, le fameux Şađdarśanasamuccaya (Compendium des six systèmes) du jaina Haribhadra (VIIIe s. -
ANALYSIS / APPROACH / SOURCE / STRATEGY: GENERAL STUDIES PRE 2020 PAPER - TEAM VISION IAS Observations on CSP 2020
... Inspiring Innovation VISION IAS™ www.visionias.in www.visionias.wordpress.com “The significant problems we face cannot be solved at the same level of thinking we were at when we created them." - Albert Einstein ANALYSIS / APPROACH / SOURCE / STRATEGY: GENERAL STUDIES PRE 2020 PAPER - TEAM VISION IAS Observations on CSP 2020 • This year the paper appeared to be on the tougher side and the options framed were confusing. • The static portions like History, Polity, Geography, Economics, etc. as expected were given due weightage. • Questions in almost all the subjects ranged from easy to medium to difficult level. Few unconventional questions were also seen. This year many questions were agriculture related which were asked from geography, environment and economics perspective. • Few questions asked by UPSC, although inspired by current affairs, required overall general awareness. For instance the questions on Indian elephants, cyber insurance, G-20, Siachen glacier, etc. • Polity questions demanded deeper understanding of the Constitution and its provisions. The options in polity questions were close but very easy basic fundamental questions like DPSP, Right to Equality, etc were asked from regular sources like Laxmikanth. Few Questions covering the governance aspect like Aadhar, Legal Services, etc were also given weightage. • In the History section, Ancient India questions were given more weightage unlike in the previous years, and their difficulty level was also high. Art & Culture and Medieval Indian history also had tough questions. However, the modern history section was of moderate level difficulty overall. • Environment questions unlike previous years did not focus on International climate initiatives and bodies. This year focus lay on environmental issues, application of technology and related concepts like benzene pollution, steel slag, biochar, etc. -
Hinduism and Hindu Philosophy
Essays on Indian Philosophy UNIVE'aSITY OF HAWAII Uf,FU:{ Essays on Indian Philosophy SHRI KRISHNA SAKSENA UNIVERSITY OF HAWAII PRESS HONOLULU 1970 Library of Congress Catalog Card Number 78·114209 Standard Book Number 87022-726-2 Copyright © 1970 by University of Hawaii Press All Rights Reserved Printed in the United States of America Contents The Story of Indian Philosophy 3 Basic Tenets of Indian Philosophy 18 Testimony in Indian Philosophy 24 Hinduism 37 Hinduism and Hindu Philosophy 51 The Jain Religion 54 Some Riddles in the Behavior of Gods and Sages in the Epics and the Puranas 64 Autobiography of a Yogi 71 Jainism 73 Svapramanatva and Svapraka!;>atva: An Inconsistency in Kumarila's Philosophy 77 The Nature of Buddhi according to Sankhya-Yoga 82 The Individual in Social Thought and Practice in India 88 Professor Zaehner and the Comparison of Religions 102 A Comparison between the Eastern and Western Portraits of Man in Our Time 117 Acknowledgments The author wishes to make the following acknowledgments for permission to reprint previously published essays: "The Story of Indian Philosophy," in A History of Philosophical Systems. edited by Vergilius Ferm. New York:The Philosophical Library, 1950. "Basic Tenets of Indian Philosophy," previously published as "Are There Any Basic Tenets of Indian Philosophy?" in The Philosophical Quarterly. "Testimony in Indian Philosophy," previously published as "Authority in Indian Philosophy," in Ph ilosophyEast and West. vo!.l,no. 3 (October 1951). "Hinduism," in Studium Generale. no. 10 (1962). "The Jain Religion," previously published as "Jainism," in Religion in the Twentieth Century. edited by Vergilius Ferm.