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Editor Sultana Avram EditorSultanaAvram ISBN:978-606-616-135-0 Sibiu-2014 2 Universitatea „Lucian Blaga“ din Sibiu Facultatea de Istorie çi Patrimoniu „Nicolae Lupu“ coord. Sultana Avram VII 2007 Titlul: Istorie şi tradiţie în spaţiul românesc Copyright © 2014 Toate drepturile aparţin autorilor. Reproducerea integrală sau parţială a textului sau a ilustraţiilor din această carte este posibilă numai cu acordul prealabil scris al autorilor. Autorii îşi asumă întreaga răspundere asupra conţinutului. Coordonator: Sultana Avram Redactor: Silviu Purece Tehnoredactare: Techno Media Coperta: Techno Media Lectori: Limba franceză: Rodica Fofiu, Daniela Velţan Limba engleză: Clementina Mihăilescu, Emilia Tomescu Editura Techno Media 550074, Sibiu, str. Dimitrie Cantemir nr. 22 tel./fax: 0269/21.19.83 www.technomedia.ro; e-mail: [email protected] 4 Cuprins Diana-Maria SZTANCS Corneliu BELDIMAN Identitate socială şi simbol în preistorie: piese de podoabă din materii dure animale aparţinând culturii Coţofeni descoperite în sudul Transilvaniei 9 Identité sociale et symbole dans la préhistoire: pendeloques paléolithiques et épipaléolithiques découvertes en Roumanie 9 Corneliu BELDIMAN Diana-Maria SZTANCS Identité sociale et symbole dans la préhistoire: pendeloques paléolithiques et épipaléolithiques découvertes en Roumanie 33 Identitate socială şi simbol în preistorie: piese de podoabă din materii dure animale aparţinând culturii Coţofeni descoperite în sudul Transilvaniei 33 Eugen COMŞA Neo-eneoliticul de la sud de Carpaţi şi din Dobrogea 73 The Neo-Eneolithic Period South of the Carpathian Mountains and in Dobroudja 73 Eugen COMŞA Date despre îmbrăcămintea din perioada neoliticului târziu din sudul României 89 Some Data Regarding the Clothing Worn by the Bearers of the Gumelnitza and Sǎlcuţa Cultures 89 Alexandra COMŞA Traco-geto-dacii în sursele antice şi în datele antropologiei fizice 99 Thraco-Getae-Dacians in the Antique Written Sources and in the Data of the Physical Anthropology 99 5 Constantin ITTU „Străinul“ în heraldica transilvană 107 “The Foreigner” in theTransylvanian Heraldry 107 Vasile MĂRCULEŢ Vlahii balcanici şi românii nord-dunăreni în viziunea cronicarilor şi scriitorilor bizantini din secolele XI-XVI 115 Les Valaques balkaniques et les Roumains nord-danubiens dans la vision des chroniqueurs et des écrivains byzantins du XIème au XVIème siècle 115 Petre DIN Imaginea „Bunului Împărat“ în sensibilitatea colectivă a românilor ardeleni în ultimele decenii ale secolului al XVII-lea 137 The “Good Emperor” Image Reflected into Transylvanian Community Imaginary in the Last Decades of the XVIIth Century 137 Florentina UDREA Societatea românească între exotic şi modernitate, văzută de călătorii străini din secolele XVIII-XIX 155 L’image de l’autre – la société roumaine entre exotisme et modernité, vue par des voyageurs étrangers des XVIII-ème et XIX-ème siècles 155 Valer RUS Instrumentalizarea şi politizarea imaginii românilor în cultura maghiară din a doua jumătate a secolului al XIX-lea. Unele consideraţii 167 Some Considerations on Romanian’s Image as a Political Instrument Used in the Hungarian Culture during the Second Half of the XIXth Century 167 Maria BERÉNYI Budapesta în scrierile de călătorie ale lui Dinicu Golescu şi George Bariţ 181 Dinicu Golescu and George Bariţ’s Travel Writings on Budapest 181 Emilia MARTIN Români autohtoni şi „proveniţi“ în Ungaria 195 Native Romanians and New-comers in Hungary 195 Paul CROITORU Prezenţe ruseşti în zona Voronei, jud. Botoşani 205 Russians in Vorona Area, Botoşani County 205 6 Gudrun-Liane ITTU Revistele die Karpathen (1907–1914) şi Klingsor (1924–1939) în căutarea străinului de lângă noi 211 Die Karpaten and Klingsor Journals on Nearby Stranger 211 Emilia TOMESCU Imaginea lumilor de dincolo în mentalitatea românească tradiţională 217 The Romanian Traditional Image of the Other Worlds 217 Maria BOZAN Expunerea muzeală a culturilor non-europene. O experienţă sibiană 221 Ethnographical Collections of Non-European Origin 221 Cornel CRĂCIUN Ipostaze ale copilăriei în filmul românesc 233 Hypostases de l’enfance dans la cinématographie roumaine 233 Clementina MIHĂILESCU Imaginea celuilalt în poeziile poeţilor canadieni P.K. Page şi BP Nichol şi în poezia poetului român Şt. A. Doinaş abordate din perspectiva teoriei jocului 259 The Perception of the Other in Canadian and Romanian Poetry Through Game Theory 259 Anca SÎRGHIE Aspecte ale contrastelor de mentalitate pe axa om bogat – om sărac în romanul Răscoala de Liviu Rebreanu 269 Les différences de mentalités dans un monde jalonné par deux entités: l’homme riche et l’homme pauvre 269 Otis CRANDELL The origins of syphilization: Social and physical environment as a cause of variations of treponematosis 289 Mediul social – cauză a variaţiei în treponematosis (sifilis) 289 7 8 Identitate socială şi simbol în preistorie: piese de podoabă din materii dure animale aparţinând culturii Coţofeni descoperite în sudul Transilvaniei Diana-Maria SZTANCS Corneliu BELDIMAN Identité sociale et symbole dans la préhistoire: pendeloques paléolithiques et épipaléolithiques découvertes en Roumanie Résumé L’étude propose une analyse morpho-technologique détaillée menée sur un petit lot d’objets de parure travaillés en matière dure animale (dents de canidés, défenses de sanglier, coquillage, bois de cerf). Ils ont été découverts dans trois sites appartenant à la culture Coţofeni du Néolithique final de la Roumanie: Cerişor – „Grotte Cauce“, dép. de Hunedoara (Montagnes Poiana Rusca, sec- teur Est) (CRC); Ohaba-Ponor – „Grotte de Bordu Mare“, dép. de Hunedoara (Montagnes Orăştiei, secteur Sud-Ouest) (OPN) et Şeuşa – „Gorgan“, dép. de Alba (SEG) (voir la carte, fig. 1). La plupart des pièces ont été découvertes dans des contextes stratigraphiques bien précis. Trois pièces ont été récupérées pendant les fouilles réalisées (opérées) entre 1997 et 1999 dans le site CRC par Sabin Adrian Luca et Cristian Roman. Un objet provient des recherches spéléologiques des années ’90 effectuées dans le site OPN par le Club «Proteus» de la ville de Hunedoara. Les pièces de CRC et OPN sont conservées dans les collections du Musée «Château des Corvins» de la ville de Hunedoara. Le site SEG a livré 7 autres pièces, issues des fouilles des années 2000-2004 dirigées par Marius-Mihai Ciută. Elles se conservent dans les collections de l’Université «1 Décembre 1918», à la Faculté d’Histoire, d’Alba Iulia. 9 L’ouvrage fait partie de la récente série d’articles et d’études qui ont pour but la publication systématique des lots de l’industrie préhistorique des matières dures animales et de la parure de Roumanie (voir la bibliographie). La méthodologie générale est celle appliquée dans la thèse de doctorat de l’auteur principal et elle est inspirée de la conception des Fiches typologiques de l’industrie osseuse préhistorique, éditées par Henriette Camps-Fabrer. L’effectif étudié compte 11 pièces. Les types présentés sont: les dents percées (4), les pendeloques sur défense de sanglier et en bois de cerf (3), les rondelles sur coquilles de lamellibranche (1) et matières premières (coquilles) en cours de transformation (2), coquille de gastéropode fossile perforé (1) (voir le tableau). Le Répertoire rassemble toutes les données portant sur les objets: état de conservation, morphométrie, description intégrale-morphologie, étude technique (les étapes du débitage, du façonnage, les traces d’utilisation – décelées à l’œil nu et à binoculaire). L’étape technique du débitage est illustrée par l’application des solutions techniques simples, comme la fracturation par percussion directe; en ce qui concerne les coquilles on présente le cas (rarement attesté) de débitage par percussion indirecte ou pression. Dans l’étape de façonnage et de finition on a appliqué des procédés plus diversifiés que pour le débitage: l’abrasion multidirectionnelle domine, tandis que la perforation (par préparation par rainurage superficiel; par rotation alternative de deux cotés; par rotation continue à l’aide du foret à main – sur les dents; par entaillage et excavation de la spongiosa sur le bois de cerf; par pression ou percussion indirecte sur les coquilles) permet d’aménager le dispositif d’attache. Les traces d’utilisation décelées sont localisées souvent à la partie proximale (fracturation) et au niveau des bords des perforations, qui ont l’aspect lustré et émoussé; on constate aussi des fractures subies probablement durant l’utilisation. L’étude a permis le recours en première au protocole d’analyse intégrale des objets de parure de Roumanie datant du Néolithique final – la culture Coţofeni. La perle (ou pendeloque) sur coquille fossile entière (CRC/VI 12, Conus fuscocingulatus) témoigne de l’identification et de l’utilisation des ressources fossilifères de la région par les hommes préhistoriques. Elle a probablement été recueillie dans un gisement fossilifère localisé sur le territoire actuel de la ville de Hunedoara ou du village de Roşcani, comm. Dobra, dép. de Hunedoara. On note aussi la rareté des défenses entières de sanglier perforés et des pendeloques sur fragments de défenses de sanglier. On exprime la réserve sur le type de la pièce SEG/II 32, qui peut être une pendeloque mais aussi bien une pointe perforée sur la partie proximale. Les objets sur coquilles de lamellibranches (Unio sp.) sont aussi des apparitions rares parmi les parures de la culture Coţofeni; on a une rondelle et deux valves en cours de transformation, dont l’une présente les traces de débitage par percussion indirecte ou pression, indices claires sur la
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