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Probleme Geopolitice Și Istorico-Geografice Ale Bazinului Mării Negre”

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Probleme Geopolitice Și Istorico-Geografice Ale Bazinului Mării Negre” Teze ale Conferinței științifico-practice internaționale „Probleme geopolitice și istorico-geografice ale Bazinului Mării Negre” Chișinău, 4 iunie 2019 Тезисы международнoй конференции «Геополитические и историко-географические проблемы причерноморья» Кишинёв, 4 июня 2019 г. Chișinău, 2019 COLEGIUL DE REDACȚIE Valentin BENIUC, doctor habilitat în științe politice, profesor universitar, IRIM Ludmila ROȘCA, doctor habilitat în filosofie, profesor universitar, IRIM Andrei GHERȚEN, doctor în geografie, cercetător științific, Institutul de Geografie al AȘR, Moscova, Federația Rusă Vladimir KOLOSOV, doctor habilitat în geografie, profesor universitar, director adjunct pe activitate științifică a Institutului de Geografie al AȘR, Moscova, Federația Rusă Andrei CEPALÎGA, doctor habilitat în geografie, Institutul de Geografie al AȘR, Moscova, Federația Rusă Silvia KOSTOVSKA, doctor în geografie, conferențiar universitar, secretar științific al Institutului de Geografie al AȘR, Moscova, Federația Rusă Gioni GABOR, doctor în istorie, Centrul de studii ruse, Budapesta, Ungaria Gheorghi GHEORGHIEV, doctor în politologie, profesor universitar, Sofia, Bulgaria Florin PINTESCU, doctor în istorie, conferențiar universitar, Universitatea „Ștefan cel Mare” din Suceava Iulia SIROTA, doctor în psihologie, Tel-Aviv, Statul Israel Eugen PASCARI, director executiv al Asociației istoricilor și geografilor din Moldova Materialele publicate în culegere nu reflectă neapărat punctul de vedere al redacției. Responsabilitatea asupra conţinutului articolelor revine în exclusivitate autorilor. Drepturile de autor asupra articolelor publicate aparțin autorilor. Această publicație apare cu suportul financiar al Fondului de Cercetări Fundamentale din Rusia (Российский фонд фундаментальных исследований (РФФИ)), în cadrul proiectului științific Nr. 19-05-00533 А. Descrierea CIP a Camerei Naționale a Cărții "Probleme geopolitice şi istorico-geografice ale Bazinului Mării Negre", conferinţă ştiinţifico-practică internaţională (2019 ; Кишинэу). Teze ale Сonferinţei ştiinţifico-practice internaţionale "Probleme geopolitice şi istorico-geografice ale Bazinului Mării Negre" = "Геополитические и историко-географические проблемы причерноморья", Chişinău, 4 iunie 2019 : / col. red.: Valentin Beniuc [et al.]. – Chişinău : IRIM, 2019 (Tipogr. "Print-Caro"). – 299 p. : fig. color. Antetit.: IRIM, Ин-т географии Российской акад. наук, Русское геогр. о-во [и др.]. – Tit. paral.: lb. rom., rusă. – Text, rez. paral.: lb. rom., engl., rusă. – Referinţe bibliogr. la sfârşitul art. – În red. aut. – Apare cu suportul financiar al Fondului de Cercet. Fundamentale din Rusia. – 50 ex. ISBN 978-9975-3076-7-3. 082=135.1=111=161.1 P 93 © IRIM, 2019 © РФФИ, 2019 CUVÂNT INTRODUCTIV Culegerea „Materialele Conferinţei știinţifice internaţionale „Probleme geopolitice şi istorico-geografice ale bazinului Mării Ne- gre” cuprinde tezele comunicărilor ce reflectă o tematică diversă. Caracteristica definitorie a lucrării este interdisciplinaritatea şi com- plementarismul. Cercetătorii specializaţi în studierea problemelor actuale ale geografiei, istoriei, arheologiei, politicii, geopoliticii, eco- nomiei au prezentat rezultatele propriilor investigaţii, utilizându-le în explicarea problemelor caracteristice Bazinului extins al Mării Ne- gre. Semnificaţia practică a studiilor realizate cu susţinerea finan- ciară a Proiectului ştiinţific № 19-05-00533 А rezidă în explicarea fundamentelor colaborării diferitor popoare şi culturi, care convieţu- iesc în Bazinul extins al Mării Negre în valorificarea monumentelor istorice a patrimoniului cultural autohton. O contribuţie importantă o aduc autorii tezelor la explicarea fe- nomenelor şi proceselor atestate în regiune: cooperarea regională, cooperarea economică internaţională, securitatea economică, turis- mul internaţional, migraţia. Pornind de la realitatea socială din pro- priile state, autorii estimează experienţele statelor din Bazinul extins al Mării Negre, astfel contribuie la dezvoltarea teoriei politice, eco- nomice etc. Ludmila ROŞCA, doctor habilitat în filosofie, profesor universitar 3 ABORDAREA COMPLEXĂ ŞI MULTIDIMENSIONALĂ ÎN CERCETĂRILE ISTORICO-GEOGRAFICE GHERȚEN Andrei, doctor în geografie, cercetător științific, Institutul de Geografie al AȘR, Moscova, Federația Rusă Rezumat Un rol definitoriu în existenţa părţilor mari a spaţiului geografic ca unele regiuni geopolitice şi suprafeţe geografice, la etapa actuală, îl au interacţiunile omului cu natura. Însă, înţelegerea esenţei procesului este imposibilă fără analiza evoluţiei acestei interacţiuni în perioadele anterioare şi chiar din timpuri stră- vechi. Abordarea geografică a înţelegerii problemelor globale a omenirii, caracte- rul lor multidimensional, este inseparabilă de abordarea istorică, iar cercetarea geografică se prezintă ca un factor integrator al abordării ştiinţifice sistemice. Cercetarea istorico-geografică complexă permite descoperirea sistemelor integra- le, structurilor, înţelegerea legităţilor lor de dezvoltare. Cercetările istorico- geografice regionale, efectuate în baza regiunilor complicate, demult asimilate, cum ar fi Europa Centrală, conduc la rezultate, care permit formularea unor con- cluzii bine argumentate, iar abordarea istorico-geografică complexă este utilă pentru soluţionarea problemelor actuale ştiinţifico-practice istorice. Cuvinte-cheie: interacţiunea omului cu natura, regiuni demult asimilate, landşaft istorico-geografic, cercetări istorico-geografice complexe. COMPLEX AND MULTIDIMENSIONAL APPROACH IN THE FIELD OF HISTORICAL AND GEOGRAPHICAL RESEARCH Andrey HERZEN Abstract The decisive role in the state of vast parts of the geographical space, both of individual regional geosystems, and of the geographical envelope as a whole at the present stage is played by the interaction of man and nature. However, an understanding of the essence of the process is impossible without an analysis of the evolution of such an interaction at a close chronological distance and a long his- torical distance. The geographic approach to understanding the global problems 4 of mankind and their multi-scale nature is inseparable from the historical ap- proach, and historic-geographical research is an integral factor in a comprehen- sive scientific search. Comprehensive historic-geographical research allows us to identify such integral systems and structures, to understand the laws of their devel- opment. Regional historic-geographical studies using the example of historically complex, old-developed regions, such as Central Europe, also give very productive results that allow us to draw reasonable conclusions that a comprehensive histor- ic-geographical approach is useful for solving historical and modern scientific and practical problems. Keywords: interaction of man and nature, old-developed regions, historic- geographical landscape, complex historic-geographical research. КОМПЛЕКСНОСТЬ И ПОЛИМАСШТАБНОСТЬ В ИСТОРИКО-ГЕОГРАФИЧЕСКИХ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯХ ГЕРЦЕН Андрей Артёмович, к.г.н., н.с. ИГ РАН, руководи- тель проекта РФФИ «Историко-географическая эволюция ланд- шафтов Северо-Западного Причерноморья», Москва, Россия Аннотация Определяющую роль в состоянии огромных частей географического пространства, как отдельных региональных геосистем, так и географиче- ской оболочки в целом на современном этапе играет взаимодействие челове- ка и природы. Однако, понимание сути процесса невозможно без анализа эволюции такого взаимодействия на близкой хронологической дистанции и далёком историческом расстоянии. Географический подход к пониманию и глобальных проблем человечества и их полимасштабного характера, неот- делим от исторического подхода, а историко-географические исследования выступают интегральным фактором комплексного научного поиска. Ком- плексные историко-географические исследования позволяют выявить такие интегральные системы и структуры, понять закономерности их развития. Региональные историко-географические исследования на примере историче- ски сложных, староосвоенных регионов, таких как Центральная Европа, так же дают весьма продуктивные результаты, позволяющие делать обос- нованные выводы, что комплексный историко-географический подход поле- зен для решения исторических и современных научных и практических задач. 5 Ключевые слова: взаимодействие человека и природы, староосвоен- ные регионы, историко-географический ландшафт, комплексные историко- географические исследования. Состояние огромных частей географического простран- ства, как отдельных региональных геосистем, так и географиче- ской оболочки в целом, на современном этапе определяется вза- имодействием человека и природы, требующим анализа его эво- люции. Глобальные проблемы человечества, их региональные проявления и полимасштабный характер нуждаются в примене- нии и развитии географического подхода, неотделимого в свою очередь от исторического. Историко-географические исследова- ния выступают интегральным фактором комплексного научного поиска, позволяют выявить интегральные историко-географи- ческие системы и структуры, понять закономерности их разви- тия. Без проведения историко-географических и эколого- географических исследований, позволяющих выявить опреде- ленную логику их преобразования, а также размещения различ- ных объектов, в т.ч. культурного наследия, невозможно полу- чить достоверные и полноценные представления о современной структуре ландшафтов какого-либо региона. Наиболее наглядно данные закономерности проявляются в пограничных регионах, у границ различного типа. Природно- этноисторические, этноисторические,
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