Exposure & Camera Settings Cheat Sheet Watch Your

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EXPOSURE & CAMERA SETTINGS CHEAT SHEET WATCH YOUR LIGHT METER Most often, you will play with your settings until you see your light meter reading 0. However, there are some little tricks that can give you more creative control. • When my subject is in the shade and the background is bright (sunny), I like to focus on my subject and let my light meter read +1. This lets the skin tone be captured better (not grey or dull). • When my subject is in full sun, I like to underexpose and let my light meter read -1 to make sure skin tone is not lost (white) CAMERA SETTINGS CHEAT SHEET SHUTTER SPEED • Fast shutter speed will freeze action and will also let LESS light in • Slow shutter speed (longer exposure) will let MORE light in, but also can cause blurry photos from camera shake (YOUR movement) or subject movement. • 1/8000 – you can freeze a bullet • 1/2000 – you can freeze fast subjects, such as birds or running children • 1/250 – about as low as you can go to freeze action • 1/125 – you can freeze SLOW motion (not always) • 1/50 or lower, your own movement will cause blur • 1/15 moving objects will blur • ½ you should be able to blur water (show its motion) APERTURE • AKA Depth of Field or F Stop • It’s like the pupil of the eye – the wider it is, the more light comes in • Measured by F Stop f/1.2, f/2.8, f/16 • The lower the number (f/1.2) the MORE light comes in and the more blur your photo will have • The higher the number (f/16) the LESS light comes in and the more of your scene will be in focus • If you are close to your subject at f/1.4, likely you’ll find their ears to be blurry. The solution? Turn the up the f stop to something like f/2.8 • When you are photographing multiple people, use the rule of thumb to be 1 f stop higher than there are number of people. Ex. 3 people = f/4 or f/4.5 to ensure they are all in focus ISO • Your camera’s ISO setting is its sensitivity to light • Measured like ISO 100, 200, 400, 2000, 6400 • Its sole purpose is steady light • If your image is looking dark, only increase the ISO when you are unable (or really don’t want) to adjust the aperture or shutter speed • The higher the ISO, the more noise will be in your photo • Outdoors, bright or cloudy day - you are likely able to stay between 100-400 ISO. You’ll have little to no noise • In Low Light or indoors, you’ll likely be over 1000 and will start to see noise • On my entry level DSLR, I would start to see lots of noise at ISO1600 or higher • 100 Intense Light (sun), No Cover (shade) • 400 Bright day, less intense (light may be diffused or shade) • 800 Near dusk or near a bright window indoors – you may start to experience noise at this setting or higher de- pending on your camera & lens used • 1000 Inside in a fairly lit room (naturally or indoor lighting) • 1600 Inside a darker room that still has some light (lamps, tv light, etc.) • 2000+ Dark rooms, near a campfire.

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Completing a Photography Exhibit Data Tag

Completing a Photography Exhibit Data Tag Current Data Tags are available at: https://unl.box.com/s/1ttnemphrd4szykl5t9xm1ofiezi86js Camera Make & Model: Indicate the brand and model of the camera, such as Google Pixel 2, Nikon Coolpix B500, or Canon EOS Rebel T7. Focus Type: • Fixed Focus means the photographer is not able to adjust the focal point. These cameras tend to have a large depth of field. This might include basic disposable cameras. • Auto Focus means the camera automatically adjusts the optics in the lens to bring the subject into focus. The camera typically selects what to focus on. However, the photographer may also be able to select the focal point using a touch screen for example, but the camera will automatically adjust the lens. This might include digital cameras and mobile device cameras, such as phones and tablets. • Manual Focus allows the photographer to manually adjust and control the lens’ focus by hand, usually by turning the focus ring. Camera Type: Indicate whether the camera is digital or film. (The following Questions are for Unit 2 and 3 exhibitors only.) Did you manually adjust the aperture, shutter speed, or ISO? Indicate whether you adjusted these settings to capture the photo. Note: Regardless of whether or not you adjusted these settings manually, you must still identify the images specific F Stop, Shutter Sped, ISO, and Focal Length settings. “Auto” is not an acceptable answer. Digital cameras automatically record this information for each photo captured. This information, referred to as Metadata, is attached to the image file and goes with it when the image is downloaded to a computer for example.
Seeing Like Your Camera ○ My List of Specific Videos I Recommend for Homework I.E

Accessing Lynda.com ● Free to Mason community ● Set your browser to lynda.gmu.edu ○ Log-in using your Mason ID and Password ● Playlists Seeing Like Your Camera ○ My list of specific videos I recommend for homework i.e. pre- and post-session viewing.. PART 2 - FALL 2016 ○ Clicking on the name of the video segment will bring you immediately to Lynda.com (or the login window) Stan Schretter ○ I recommend that you eventually watch the entire video class, since we will only use small segments of each video class [email protected] 1 2 Ways To Take This Course What Creates a Photograph ● Each class will cover on one or two topics in detail ● Light ○ Lynda.com videos cover a lot more material ○ I will email the video playlist and the my charts before each class ● Camera ● My Scale of Value ○ Maximum Benefit: Review Videos Before Class & Attend Lectures ● Composition & Practice after Each Class ○ Less Benefit: Do not look at the Videos; Attend Lectures and ● Camera Setup Practice after Each Class ○ Some Benefit: Look at Videos; Don’t attend Lectures ● Post Processing 3 4 This Course - “The Shot” This Course - “The Shot” ● Camera Setup ○ Exposure ● Light ■ “Proper” Light on the Sensor ■ Depth of Field ■ Stop or Show the Action ● Camera ○ Focus ○ Getting the Color Right ● Composition ■ White Balance ● Composition ● Camera Setup ○ Key Photographic Element(s) ○ Moving The Eye Through The Frame ■ Negative Space ● Post Processing ○ Perspective ○ Story 5 6 Outline of This Class Class Topics PART 1 - Summer 2016 PART 2 - Fall 2016 ● Topic 1 ○ Review of Part 1 ● Increasing Your Vision ● Brief Review of Part 1 ○ Shutter Speed, Aperture, ISO ○ Shutter Speed ● Seeing The Light ○ Composition ○ Aperture ○ Color, dynamic range, ● Topic 2 ○ ISO and White Balance histograms, backlighting, etc.
Aperture, Exposure, and Equivalent Exposure Aperture

Aperture, Exposure, and Equivalent Exposure Aperture Also known as f-stop Aperture Controls opening’s size during exposure Another term for aperture: f-stop Controls Depth of Field Each full stop on the aperture (f-stop) either doubles or halves the amount of light let into the camera Light is halved this direction Light is doubled this direction The Camera/Eye Comparison Aperture = Camera body = Pupil Shutter = Eyeball Eyelashes Lens Iris diaphragm = Film = Iris Light sensitive retina Aperture and Depth of Field Depth of Field • The zone of sharpness variable by aperture, focal length, or subject distance f/22 f/8 f/4 f/2 Large Depth of Field Shot at f/22 Jacob Blade Shot at f/64 Ansel Adams Shallow Depth of Field Shot at f/4 Keely Nagel Shot at f/5.6 How is a darkroom test strip like a camera’s light meter? They both tell how much light is being allowed into an exposure and help you to pick the correct amount of light using your aperture and proper time (either timer or shutter speed) This is something called Equivalent Exposure Which will be explained now… What we will discuss • Exposure • Equivalent Exposure • Why is equivalent exposure important? Photography – Greek photo = light graphy = writing What is an exposure? Which one is properly exposed and what happened to the others? A B C Under Exposed A Over Exposed B Properly Exposed C Exposure • Combined effect of volume of light hitting the film or sensor and its duration. • Volume is controlled by the aperture (f-stop) • Duration (time) is controlled by the shutter speed Equivalent
Reveni Labs Light Meter User Manual and Operating Instructions Revision: 4 Date: 2020-04-16

Reveni Labs Light Meter User Manual and Operating Instructions Revision: 4 Date: 2020-04-16 Revision: 4 – 2020-04-16 Layout and Features Key Features • Ambient reflective metering • Single LR44 battery • Integrated flash/accessory • EV Display feature shoe mount • 45-degree cone sensor field • Bright and crisp OLED of view display • Left and right lanyard/strap • Simple controls and menu holes • Aperture or Shutter priority • Dimensions: 0.92(22.5) x mode 0.86(21.8) x 0.71(17.8) • Exposure compensation in inches(mm) 1/3 stops (-2 to +2 stop • Weight: 9g incl. battery range) Technical Data • Shutter speed range 1hr – 1/8000th sec in 1 stop • Aperture range increments • Film ISO range F0.7 – f1024 in 1 stop increments ISO 1 – ISO 12800, see “Setting Film ISO” for full list • EV Range: EV 2 – EV 19.5 in 0.1EV increments (@ISO 100) Page 2 of 14 Revision: 4 – 2020-04-16 Getting familiar with your meter The Reveni Labs Light Meter is intended for easy attachment to the top of a camera via the flash/accessory “hot/cold” shoe mount. This is a common feature on top of many cameras made in the past 100 years. The precise dimensions of the shoe vary from camera to camera so if initially if the fit of your meter is tight, it will “wear” slightly over the first several uses and become more free-moving. This is not a problem as there are integrated lever springs to ensure the meter does not fall out of the camera mount.
Minolta Electronic Auto-Exposure 35Mm Single Lens Reflex Cameras and CLE

Minolta Electronic Auto-Exposure 35mm Single Lens Reflex Cameras and CLE Minolta's X-series 35mm single lens user the creative choice of aperture and circuitry requires a shutter speed faster reflex cameras combine state-of-the-art shutter-priority automation, plus metered than 1/1000 second. These cameras allow photographic technology with Minolta's tra manual operation at the turn of a lever. The full manual control for employing sophisti ditional fine handling and human engineer photographer can select shutter-priority cated photo techniques. The silent elec ing to achieve precision instruments that operation to freeze action or control the tronic self-timer features a large red LED are totally responsive to creative photogra amount of blur for creative effect. Aperture signal which pulsates with increasing fre phy. Through-the-Iens metering coupled priority operation is not only useful for quency during its ten-second operating with advanced, electronically governed depth-of-field control , auto~exposure with cycle to indicate the approaching exposure. focal-plane shutters provide highly accu bellows, extension tubes and mirror lenses, The Motor Drive 1, designed exclusively rate automatic exposure control. All X but for the control of shutter speed as well . for the XG-M, provides single-frame and series cameras are compatible with the Full metered-manual exposure control continuous-run film advance up to 3.5 vast array of lenses and accessories that allows for special techniques. frames per second. Plus, auto winders and comprise the Minolta single lens reflex A vibration-free electromagnetic shutter "dedicated" automatic electronic flash units system. release triggers the quiet electronic shutter.
Ground-Based Photographic Monitoring

United States Department of Agriculture Ground-Based Forest Service Pacific Northwest Research Station Photographic General Technical Report PNW-GTR-503 Monitoring May 2001 Frederick C. Hall Author Frederick C. Hall is senior plant ecologist, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Region, Natural Resources, P.O. Box 3623, Portland, Oregon 97208-3623. Paper prepared in cooperation with the Pacific Northwest Region. Abstract Hall, Frederick C. 2001 Ground-based photographic monitoring. Gen. Tech. Rep. PNW-GTR-503. Portland, OR: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station. 340 p. Land management professionals (foresters, wildlife biologists, range managers, and land managers such as ranchers and forest land owners) often have need to evaluate their management activities. Photographic monitoring is a fast, simple, and effective way to determine if changes made to an area have been successful. Ground-based photo monitoring means using photographs taken at a specific site to monitor conditions or change. It may be divided into two systems: (1) comparison photos, whereby a photograph is used to compare a known condition with field conditions to estimate some parameter of the field condition; and (2) repeat photo- graphs, whereby several pictures are taken of the same tract of ground over time to detect change. Comparison systems deal with fuel loading, herbage utilization, and public reaction to scenery. Repeat photography is discussed in relation to land- scape, remote, and site-specific systems. Critical attributes of repeat photography are (1) maps to find the sampling location and of the photo monitoring layout; (2) documentation of the monitoring system to include purpose, camera and film, w e a t h e r, season, sampling technique, and equipment; and (3) precise replication of photographs.
Tip Sheet – Lumen Meter

TIP SHEET – LUMEN METER What is a lumen meter? A light meter or lumen meter is a device used to measure the amount of light in a certain area. Lumen meters have many uses such as photography and cinematography, however for our purpose we want to help reduce the amount of wasted light which equals wasted electricity. If conducting an outdoor lighting audit the purpose of a lumen meter would be to reduce the amount of light pollution. Light output is typically measured in luxes or lumens. Sometimes you will hear the word footcandles. This is another standard unit of measure that is used interchangeablely with the term lumen. Ehow.com defines a lux as a uniform standard by which the amount of visible light present in a given space can be described where as a lumen is a measure of just how much visible light is produced by an object such as, for example, a light bulb. 1 footcandle/lumens = 10.76 luxes and 1 lux =.093 footcandles or lumens Where can I purchase a lumen meter? Eco-Schools USA recommends the light meter from Mastech found on Amazon.com. http://www.amazon.com/Mastech-Light-LX1010BS-display- Luxmeter/dp/B004KP8RE2/ref=sr_1_5?s=electronics&ie=UTF8&qid=1342571104&sr=1-5 Mastech Light Meter LX1010BS with LCD display, 100,000 Lux Luxmeter - $20.17 Operating directions Mastech Light Meter LX1010BS with LCD display, 100,000 Lux Luxmeter operating instructions are found on the next page. The unit of measure displays in luxes. This will be a great opportunity for your student to work on conversions.
Exposure Metering and Zone System Calibration

Exposure Metering Relating Subject Lighting to Film Exposure By Jeff Conrad A photographic exposure meter measures subject lighting and indicates camera settings that nominally result in the best exposure of the film. The meter calibration establishes the relationship between subject lighting and those camera settings; the photographer’s skill and metering technique determine whether the camera settings ultimately produce a satisfactory image. Historically, the “best” exposure was determined subjectively by examining many photographs of different types of scenes with different lighting levels. Common practice was to use wide-angle averaging reflected-light meters, and it was found that setting the calibration to render the average of scene luminance as a medium tone resulted in the “best” exposure for many situations. Current calibration standards continue that practice, although wide-angle average metering largely has given way to other metering tech- niques. In most cases, an incident-light meter will cause a medium tone to be rendered as a medium tone, and a reflected-light meter will cause whatever is metered to be rendered as a medium tone. What constitutes a “medium tone” depends on many factors, including film processing, image postprocessing, and, when appropriate, the printing process. More often than not, a “medium tone” will not exactly match the original medium tone in the subject. In many cases, an exact match isn’t necessary—unless the original subject is available for direct comparison, the viewer of the image will be none the wiser. It’s often stated that meters are “calibrated to an 18% reflectance,” usually without much thought given to what the statement means.
Camera Basics, Principles and Techniques –MCD 401 VU

Camera Basics, Principles and techniques –MCD 401 VU Topic no. 49 Film Exposure Exposure in film photography is defined as the quantity of light that is allowed through the camera lens and onto the photo film controlled by the intensity of light (through the aperture) and length of time (determined by the shutter speed). For correct exposure in a film camera, whether 35mm, medium format, or large format, it is essential that you correctly set both the shutter speed and aperture. Film speed will also play a role in determining the correct exposure. Obtaining the Correct Film Exposure Technically speaking, the correct film exposure does not exist as different photographers will have a different idea of what is properly exposed and what is not. See the example below for three different exposures of the same site. Depending on whether you want to see all the detail or darken it for night will determine the right exposure for you. However, the way in which you get any exposure remains the same. Light Metering Most modern 35mm single-lens reflex (SLR) film cameras have through-the-lens (TTL) meters that intake the amount of light available to help you determine the best exposure. These types of light meters are called Reflective Meters as they measure the light bouncing off your subject and into the camera lens. For beginners using a camera without a light meter, it is highly suggested that you purchase a handheld meter to use. Handheld meters can be Reflective or take 1 Camera Basics, Principles and techniques –MCD 401 VU Incident Light Readings.
6Am. Alfreda WINKLER 62% Attorneys 3,008,397 United States Patent Office Patented Nov

Nov. 14, 1961 A WINKLER 3,008,397 SINGLE LENS REFLEX CAMERA Filed March 3, 1960 21 Fig. 1 2N5 SNS Š y Y N N - - - - - 7 le/N N N N N. W. tre N N A&AN N SNSNN Sea RigaAfälii; &SNO 10 f7 9 20 fö 22 12a -III 1 16 14 6 Fig.3 INVENTOR. -6am. ALFREDa WINKLER 62% ATTORNEYs 3,008,397 United States Patent Office Patented Nov. 14, 1961 2 3,008,397 which are inserted film cassettes 2 of the type which does SINGLE LENS REFLEX CAMERA not include a core. These cassettes are arranged on both Alfred Winkler, Munich, Germany, assignor to Agfa sides of the optical system of the camera, and film 22 is Aktiengesel Eschaft, Leverkusen-Bayerwerk, Germany, a transported from one cassette to the other during opera corporation of Germany 5 tion of the camera in the manner later described in de Filed Mar. 3, 1960, No. E. 1959 tail. A carrier 4 is movably mounted upon camera hous Claims priority, application Germany Mar. 3, ing 1, for example, upon a guide rod 3. Movable ele p g (E (C. 95-42) ments of the camera including, for example, a reflecting mirror 5 and a cover plate 6 for the viewfinder aperture This invention relates to a single lens reflex camera O in line with eyepiece 21 are mounted upon this carrier. having a mirror which is moved out of line with the op A single control element 7 which is, for example, a control tical axis of the camera before the shutter is released and lever is used to condition the camera for each exposure a cover plate which seals the viewfinder aperture during in the manner later described in detail.
L-308X L-308X-U Operating Manual

Light Meter L-308X L-308X-U Operating Manual Thank you for purchasing our product. Please read this operating manual so that you will fully understand the features and operation of this product. Then keep the operating manual in a safe place for future use. Please see the Startup Guide for information about the basic operations. ■ Safety Precautions Before using this product, please read this "Safety Precautions" for proper operation. The WARNING symbol indicates the possibility of death or serious WARNING injury if the product is not used properly. The CAUTION symbol indicates the possibility of minor to moderate personal injury or product damage if the product is not CAUTION used properly. The NOTICE symbol indicates cautions or restrictions when using NOTICE the product. Please read all notes to avoid errors in operation. The NOTE symbol indicates the reference information and related NOTE functions. We recommend that you read these notes. The arrow indicates reference pages. WARNING ● Infants or toddlers may accidentally wrap the strap around their neck, so please place it in a location out of their reach. There is a danger of suffocation. ● Keep the Lumidisc and synchro terminal cap out of reach of Infants or toddlers, as swallowing such objects can cause suffocation. ● Do not place batteries in open flames, attempt to short, disassemble or apply heat to them, use unspecified batteries, or recharge them. They may burst and cause fires, serious injury, or damage to the environment. Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC) cable and cord notice ● Handling the cord on this product or cords associated with accessories sold with this product will expose you to lead, a chemical known to the State of California to cause cancer, and birth defects or other reproductive harm.
Digital Photography Basics for Beginners

DIGITAL PHOTOGRAPHY BASICS FOR BEGINNERS by Robert Berdan [email protected] www.canadiannaturephotographer.com These notes are free to use by anyone learning or teaching photography. 1. Choosing a camera - there are 2 main types of compact cameras A) Point and Shoot Camera (some have interchangeable lenses most don't) - you view the scene on a liquid crystal display (LCD) screen, some cameras also offer viewfinders. B) Single Lens Reflex (SLR) - cameras with interchangeable lenses let you see the image through the lens that is attached to the camera. What you see is what you get - this feature is particularly valuable when you want to use different types of lenses. Digital SLR Camera with Interchangeable zoom lens 1 Point and shoot cameras are small, light weight and can be carried in a pocket. These cameras tend to be cheaper then SLR cameras. Many of these cameras offer a built in macro mode allowing extreme close-up pictures. Generally the quality of the images on compact cameras is not as good as that from SLR cameras, but they are capable of taking professional quality images. SLR cameras are bigger and usually more expensive. SLRs can be used with a wide variety of interchangeable lenses such as telephoto lenses and macro lenses. SLR cameras offer excellent image quality, lots of features and accessories (some might argue too many features). SLR cameras also shoot a higher frame rates then compact cameras making them better for action photography. Their disadvantages include: higher cost, larger size and weight. They are called Single Lens Reflex, because you see through the lens attached to the camera, the light is reflected by a mirror through a prism and then the viewfinder.