Basics of Aperture Shutter Speed, ISO and Light
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Completing a Photography Exhibit Data Tag
Completing a Photography Exhibit Data Tag Current Data Tags are available at: https://unl.box.com/s/1ttnemphrd4szykl5t9xm1ofiezi86js Camera Make & Model: Indicate the brand and model of the camera, such as Google Pixel 2, Nikon Coolpix B500, or Canon EOS Rebel T7. Focus Type: • Fixed Focus means the photographer is not able to adjust the focal point. These cameras tend to have a large depth of field. This might include basic disposable cameras. • Auto Focus means the camera automatically adjusts the optics in the lens to bring the subject into focus. The camera typically selects what to focus on. However, the photographer may also be able to select the focal point using a touch screen for example, but the camera will automatically adjust the lens. This might include digital cameras and mobile device cameras, such as phones and tablets. • Manual Focus allows the photographer to manually adjust and control the lens’ focus by hand, usually by turning the focus ring. Camera Type: Indicate whether the camera is digital or film. (The following Questions are for Unit 2 and 3 exhibitors only.) Did you manually adjust the aperture, shutter speed, or ISO? Indicate whether you adjusted these settings to capture the photo. Note: Regardless of whether or not you adjusted these settings manually, you must still identify the images specific F Stop, Shutter Sped, ISO, and Focal Length settings. “Auto” is not an acceptable answer. Digital cameras automatically record this information for each photo captured. This information, referred to as Metadata, is attached to the image file and goes with it when the image is downloaded to a computer for example. -
Taking Photographs
Taking Photographs The relationship between aperture and shutter speed in taking correctly exposed photos Understanding relationship between SHUTTER SPEED & APERTURE SHUTTER SPEED & APERTURE Range of Apertures listed on the left and shutter speeds on the right CORRECT EXPOSURE MACRO / HIGH DEPTH OF FIELD SHOTS This is where the balance comes in – for each unique photo opportunity there is an exact amount of light required for proper exposure. In this example, a higher F stop number lets in very little light, so the shutter must remain open longer to allow in the correct amount of light for a good exposure. (BUT THESE ARE NOT THE ONLT SETTINGS THAT WILL GIVE A CORRECT EXPOSURE) CORRECT EXPOSURE SPORTS / SHALLOW DEPTH OF FIELD SHOTS Shooting exactly the same scene as before, we can set the shutters speed to its highest setting. This allows very little time for the light to enter the camera. In order to get a proper exposure, the aperture must be much larger than before to allow in the additional light needed. For a given exposure, shutter speed and aperture have to be in balance and work together like a teeter-totter (balance bar and fulcrum) Using APERTURE PRIORITY mode Most cameras allow you to select some degree of automation – one of these modes is APERTURE PRIORITY. With this mode YOU set the aperture and the camera will automatically select a shutter speed to give the correct exposure. The camera still uses this balance principal to do this. Using SHUTTER PRIORITY mode With SHUTTER PRIORITY mode YOU set the shutter speed and the camera will automatically select an aperture to give the correct exposure. -
35 Mm Aperture Priority 35Mm Cameras This Manual Is for Reference and Historical Purposes, All Rights Reserved
35 mm Aperture Priority 35mm cameras This manual is for reference and historical purposes, all rights reserved. This page is copyright © by [email protected], M. Butkus, NJ. This page may not be sold or distributed without the expressed permission of the producer I have no connection with any camera compnay On-line camera manual library This is the full text and images from the manual. This may take 3 full minutes for all images to appear. If they do not all appear. Try clicking the browser "refresh" or "reload button" or right click on the image, choose "view image" then go back. It should now appear. To print, try printing only 3 or 4 pages at a time. Back to main on-line manual page If you find this manual useful, how about a donation of $3 to: M. Butkus, 29 Lake Ave., High Bridge, NJ 08829-1701 and send your e-mail address so I can thank you. Most other places would charge you $7.50 for a electronic copy or $18.00 for a hard to read Xerox copy. This will allow me to continue to buy new manuals and pay their shipping costs. It'll make you feel better, won't it? If you use Pay Pal or wish to use your credit card, click on the secure site below. 35mm SLR EE Selection Guide Aperture-Priority INTRODUCTION 2 PENTAX ES THE APERTURE-PRIORITY SYSTEM YASHICA ELECTRO AX PROS AND CONS MORE ON THE WAY The Future What Does It All Mean? MINOLTA XK Should You Buy One? NIKKORMAT EL INTRODUCTION Progress towards exposure automation has been slow, but since the original Konica Autoreflex appeared in 1968, the pace has accelerated and there are now 10 35mm SLR cameras so equipped. -
Digital Camera Functions All Photography Is Based on the Same
Digital Camera Functions All photography is based on the same optical principle of viewing objects with our eyes. In both cases, light is reflected off of an object and passes through a lens, which focuses the light rays, onto the light sensitive retina, in the case of eyesight, or onto film or an image sensor the case of traditional or digital photography. The shutter is a curtain that is placed between the lens and the camera that briefly opens to let light hit the film in conventional photography or the image sensor in digital photography. The shutter speed refers to how long the curtain stays open to let light in. The higher the number, the shorter the time, and consequently, the less light gets in. So, a shutter speed of 1/60th of a second lets in half the amount of light than a speed of 1/30th of a second. For most normal pictures, shutter speeds range from 1/30th of a second to 1/100th of a second. A faster shutter speed, such as 1/500th of a second or 1/1000th of a second, would be used to take a picture of a fast moving object such as a race car; while a slow shutter speed would be used to take pictures in low-light situations, such as when taking pictures of the moon at night. Remember that the longer the shutter stays open, the more chance the image will be blurred because a person cannot usually hold a camera still for very long. A tripod or other support mechanism should almost always be used to stabilize the camera when slow shutter speeds are used. -
Fourth International Visual Field Symposium Bristol, April 13-16,198O
Documenta Ophthalmologica Proceedings Series volume 26 Editor H. E. Henkes Dr W. Junk bv Publishers The Hague-Boston-London 1981 Fourth International Visual Field Symposium Bristol, April 13-16,198O Edited by E. L. Greve and G. Verriest Dr W. Junk bv Publishers The Hague - Boston -London 1981 Distributors for the United States and Canada Kluwer Boston, Inc. 190 Old Derby Street Hingham, MA 02043 USA for all other countries Kluwer Academic Publishers Group Distribution Center P.O. Box 322 3300 AH Dordrecht The Netherlands ISBN 90 6193 165 7 (this volume) 90 6193 882 1 (series) Cover design: Max Velthuijs Copyright 0 1981 Dr W Junk bv Publishers, The Hague. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the publishers. Dr W. Junk bv Publishers, P.O. Box 13713, 2501 ES The Hague, The Netherlands PRINTED IN THE NETHERLANDS INTRODUCTION The 4th International Visual Field Symposium of the International Perimetric Society, was held on the 13-16 April 1980 in Bristol, England, at the occasion of the 6th Congress of the European Society of Ophthalmology. The main themes of the symposium were comparison of classical perimetry with visual evoked response, comparison of classical perimetry with special psychophysi- cal methods, and optic nerve pathology. Understandably many papers dealt with computer assisted perimetry. This rapidly developing subgroup of peri- metry may radically change the future of our method of examination. New instruments were introduced, new and exciting software was proposed and the results of comparative investigations reported. -
Seeing Like Your Camera ○ My List of Specific Videos I Recommend for Homework I.E
Accessing Lynda.com ● Free to Mason community ● Set your browser to lynda.gmu.edu ○ Log-in using your Mason ID and Password ● Playlists Seeing Like Your Camera ○ My list of specific videos I recommend for homework i.e. pre- and post-session viewing.. PART 2 - FALL 2016 ○ Clicking on the name of the video segment will bring you immediately to Lynda.com (or the login window) Stan Schretter ○ I recommend that you eventually watch the entire video class, since we will only use small segments of each video class [email protected] 1 2 Ways To Take This Course What Creates a Photograph ● Each class will cover on one or two topics in detail ● Light ○ Lynda.com videos cover a lot more material ○ I will email the video playlist and the my charts before each class ● Camera ● My Scale of Value ○ Maximum Benefit: Review Videos Before Class & Attend Lectures ● Composition & Practice after Each Class ○ Less Benefit: Do not look at the Videos; Attend Lectures and ● Camera Setup Practice after Each Class ○ Some Benefit: Look at Videos; Don’t attend Lectures ● Post Processing 3 4 This Course - “The Shot” This Course - “The Shot” ● Camera Setup ○ Exposure ● Light ■ “Proper” Light on the Sensor ■ Depth of Field ■ Stop or Show the Action ● Camera ○ Focus ○ Getting the Color Right ● Composition ■ White Balance ● Composition ● Camera Setup ○ Key Photographic Element(s) ○ Moving The Eye Through The Frame ■ Negative Space ● Post Processing ○ Perspective ○ Story 5 6 Outline of This Class Class Topics PART 1 - Summer 2016 PART 2 - Fall 2016 ● Topic 1 ○ Review of Part 1 ● Increasing Your Vision ● Brief Review of Part 1 ○ Shutter Speed, Aperture, ISO ○ Shutter Speed ● Seeing The Light ○ Composition ○ Aperture ○ Color, dynamic range, ● Topic 2 ○ ISO and White Balance histograms, backlighting, etc. -
Aperture, Exposure, and Equivalent Exposure Aperture
Aperture, Exposure, and Equivalent Exposure Aperture Also known as f-stop Aperture Controls opening’s size during exposure Another term for aperture: f-stop Controls Depth of Field Each full stop on the aperture (f-stop) either doubles or halves the amount of light let into the camera Light is halved this direction Light is doubled this direction The Camera/Eye Comparison Aperture = Camera body = Pupil Shutter = Eyeball Eyelashes Lens Iris diaphragm = Film = Iris Light sensitive retina Aperture and Depth of Field Depth of Field • The zone of sharpness variable by aperture, focal length, or subject distance f/22 f/8 f/4 f/2 Large Depth of Field Shot at f/22 Jacob Blade Shot at f/64 Ansel Adams Shallow Depth of Field Shot at f/4 Keely Nagel Shot at f/5.6 How is a darkroom test strip like a camera’s light meter? They both tell how much light is being allowed into an exposure and help you to pick the correct amount of light using your aperture and proper time (either timer or shutter speed) This is something called Equivalent Exposure Which will be explained now… What we will discuss • Exposure • Equivalent Exposure • Why is equivalent exposure important? Photography – Greek photo = light graphy = writing What is an exposure? Which one is properly exposed and what happened to the others? A B C Under Exposed A Over Exposed B Properly Exposed C Exposure • Combined effect of volume of light hitting the film or sensor and its duration. • Volume is controlled by the aperture (f-stop) • Duration (time) is controlled by the shutter speed Equivalent -
Minolta Electronic Auto-Exposure 35Mm Single Lens Reflex Cameras and CLE
Minolta Electronic Auto-Exposure 35mm Single Lens Reflex Cameras and CLE Minolta's X-series 35mm single lens user the creative choice of aperture and circuitry requires a shutter speed faster reflex cameras combine state-of-the-art shutter-priority automation, plus metered than 1/1000 second. These cameras allow photographic technology with Minolta's tra manual operation at the turn of a lever. The full manual control for employing sophisti ditional fine handling and human engineer photographer can select shutter-priority cated photo techniques. The silent elec ing to achieve precision instruments that operation to freeze action or control the tronic self-timer features a large red LED are totally responsive to creative photogra amount of blur for creative effect. Aperture signal which pulsates with increasing fre phy. Through-the-Iens metering coupled priority operation is not only useful for quency during its ten-second operating with advanced, electronically governed depth-of-field control , auto~exposure with cycle to indicate the approaching exposure. focal-plane shutters provide highly accu bellows, extension tubes and mirror lenses, The Motor Drive 1, designed exclusively rate automatic exposure control. All X but for the control of shutter speed as well . for the XG-M, provides single-frame and series cameras are compatible with the Full metered-manual exposure control continuous-run film advance up to 3.5 vast array of lenses and accessories that allows for special techniques. frames per second. Plus, auto winders and comprise the Minolta single lens reflex A vibration-free electromagnetic shutter "dedicated" automatic electronic flash units system. release triggers the quiet electronic shutter. -
Ground-Based Photographic Monitoring
United States Department of Agriculture Ground-Based Forest Service Pacific Northwest Research Station Photographic General Technical Report PNW-GTR-503 Monitoring May 2001 Frederick C. Hall Author Frederick C. Hall is senior plant ecologist, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Region, Natural Resources, P.O. Box 3623, Portland, Oregon 97208-3623. Paper prepared in cooperation with the Pacific Northwest Region. Abstract Hall, Frederick C. 2001 Ground-based photographic monitoring. Gen. Tech. Rep. PNW-GTR-503. Portland, OR: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station. 340 p. Land management professionals (foresters, wildlife biologists, range managers, and land managers such as ranchers and forest land owners) often have need to evaluate their management activities. Photographic monitoring is a fast, simple, and effective way to determine if changes made to an area have been successful. Ground-based photo monitoring means using photographs taken at a specific site to monitor conditions or change. It may be divided into two systems: (1) comparison photos, whereby a photograph is used to compare a known condition with field conditions to estimate some parameter of the field condition; and (2) repeat photo- graphs, whereby several pictures are taken of the same tract of ground over time to detect change. Comparison systems deal with fuel loading, herbage utilization, and public reaction to scenery. Repeat photography is discussed in relation to land- scape, remote, and site-specific systems. Critical attributes of repeat photography are (1) maps to find the sampling location and of the photo monitoring layout; (2) documentation of the monitoring system to include purpose, camera and film, w e a t h e r, season, sampling technique, and equipment; and (3) precise replication of photographs. -
Shutter Speed in Digital Photography Stephen Sagers, Tooele County 4-H Agent Ron Patterson, Carbon County Ag/4-H Agent
March 2012 4H/Photography/2012-03pr Shutter Speed in Digital Photography Stephen Sagers, Tooele County 4-H Agent Ron Patterson, Carbon County Ag/4-H Agent Photography is the process of recording light. Film The Shutter cameras recorded the light on to the film while digital cameras record light on an image sensor. In The shutter is located behind the lens and mirrors order to prevent bright or dim light from creating an and opens when a photograph is taken. Most consumer cameras can shoot pictures with shutter overexposed or underexposed image the shutter th must open and close in the right amount of time. speeds from 1/2000 of a second to several seconds The amount of time it is opened depends on three (or indefinitely.) This feature is useful for freezing factors: the light intensity, the aperture setting, and motion or capturing effects like fireworks or the ISO or film speed. (Refer to separate factsheets running water. on ISO and aperture for a more detailed definition of these concepts.) In order to achieve proper exposure these three features must be balanced. The shutter speed is the easiest to adjust in order to obtain proper exposure. Exposure In digital photography exposure refers to the amount of light that reaches the image sensor. When too much light is recorded the picture will be washed out — overexposed. When too little light is recorded the image will be dark — underexposed. Figure 1. The inside of a film camera. The mirror Usually, neither situation is desirable. and shutter behind it move when it shoots a photograph. -
6Am. Alfreda WINKLER 62% Attorneys 3,008,397 United States Patent Office Patented Nov
Nov. 14, 1961 A WINKLER 3,008,397 SINGLE LENS REFLEX CAMERA Filed March 3, 1960 21 Fig. 1 2N5 SNS Š y Y N N - - - - - 7 le/N N N N N. W. tre N N A&AN N SNSNN Sea RigaAfälii; &SNO 10 f7 9 20 fö 22 12a -III 1 16 14 6 Fig.3 INVENTOR. -6am. ALFREDa WINKLER 62% ATTORNEYs 3,008,397 United States Patent Office Patented Nov. 14, 1961 2 3,008,397 which are inserted film cassettes 2 of the type which does SINGLE LENS REFLEX CAMERA not include a core. These cassettes are arranged on both Alfred Winkler, Munich, Germany, assignor to Agfa sides of the optical system of the camera, and film 22 is Aktiengesel Eschaft, Leverkusen-Bayerwerk, Germany, a transported from one cassette to the other during opera corporation of Germany 5 tion of the camera in the manner later described in de Filed Mar. 3, 1960, No. E. 1959 tail. A carrier 4 is movably mounted upon camera hous Claims priority, application Germany Mar. 3, ing 1, for example, upon a guide rod 3. Movable ele p g (E (C. 95-42) ments of the camera including, for example, a reflecting mirror 5 and a cover plate 6 for the viewfinder aperture This invention relates to a single lens reflex camera O in line with eyepiece 21 are mounted upon this carrier. having a mirror which is moved out of line with the op A single control element 7 which is, for example, a control tical axis of the camera before the shutter is released and lever is used to condition the camera for each exposure a cover plate which seals the viewfinder aperture during in the manner later described in detail. -
PHOTO GUIDE for USAID PARTNERS
PHOTO GUIDE for USAID PARTNERS UPDATED ON 09/2020 USAID SHOOTING GUIDE FOR PARTNERS USAID SHOOTING GUIDE FOR PARTNERS GENERAL TIPS FOR CAPTURING VISUAL CONTENT PLAN AHEAD. Partners are encouraged to hire a professional photographer. Make sure to consult with USAID Development Outreach and Communications Specialists (DOCs) early about what they would like photographed or filmed. Think about what visuals will help meet USAID’s communications objectives. Plan on visiting the site in the morning and in the afternoon to see how the sunlight enhances the photo. Arrive at a site a few minutes early to walk through where you might stand to take your photos and find unique vantage points (can you take a photo from a window on the second floor?). BRING CONSENT FORMS. Consent forms are usually provided by the mission or embassy and should be in the local language. This consent form can be used as a starting point but it needs to be translated and approved by the relevant mission/embassy. CRAFT STATEMENT OF WORK. It is important to capture photo credit details in the Statement of Work (SOW) with the hired photographer. The SOW should note if any photos are owned by USG (and therefore open for public use if on USG publications) and if not, the photographer would need to give permission for photos used outside of the project. GET CLOSER. Don’t be afraid to move nearer to your subjects when appropriate. GENERAL TIPS FOR CAPTURING VISUAL CONTENT 2 | 18 USAID SHOOTING GUIDE FOR PARTNERS GENERAL TIPS FOR CAPTURING VISUAL CONTENT BE PATIENT.