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Reader Service No. 139

AUGUST 2000 - Dairy, Food ond Environmental Sanitation 593 ABOUT THE COVER... DAIRY, FOOD AND ENVIRONMENTAL

Photo courtesy of the California Milk Advisory Board.

Use of this photo does not imply endorsement of any product by the Intemationol Association for Food Protection. Sanitation International Association for Food Protection

Articles

Trouble-shooting Sources and Causes of High Bacteria Counts in Raw Milk.606 S. C. Murphy and K.J. Boor

Hepatitis A Virus Control in Strawberry Products.612 Tadesse W. Mariam and Dean O. Cliver

ATP Bioluminescence: A Rapid Indicator for Environmental Hygiene and Microbial Quality of Meats.617 Jinru Chen

Thoughts on Today’s Food Safety... Why the Concern about Food Allergies?.664 Steve 1. Taylor

Association News_

Sustaining Members.600 Quotations from Jack.602 Commentary from the Executive Director.604 New Members.622

Departments_

Updates.624 News.626 Industry Products.631 Coming Events.654 Advertising Index.656 Career Services Section.657

Extras_

Call for Nominations — 2001 LAPP Secretary.621 3-A Symbol Council Holders List.635 Audiovisual Library Order Form..660 Booklet Order Form.661 Membership Application.663

The publishers do not warrant, either expressly or by implication, the factual accuracy of the articles or descriptions herein, nor do they so warrant any views or opinions offered by the authors of said articles and descriptions.

594 Dairy, Food and Environmental Sonitotion - AUGUST 2000 THANKS TO THE FOLLOWING nternat onal Association for INDIVIDUALS FOR THEIR Food Protection SUPPORT OF THE ASSOCIATION FOUNDATION FUND

♦ Hamza Abu-Tarboush ♦ Kellie Jackson ♦ Suzanne Kidder ♦ Ulf Ahlin ♦ LeeAnne Jackson ♦ Anna M. Lammerding ♦ Moray Anderson ♦ Gary P. Jansen ♦ Frank P. Leonardo ♦ Henry V. Atherton ♦ Dong K. Jeong ♦ Doug Lorton ♦ Jamal Bakhsh ♦ Beth M. Johnson ♦ Ernst Luecker ♦ Jim Bail ♦ John Johnson ♦ Sharon Mammel ♦ Vicky Benesch ♦ Mary A. Kegel ♦ Bob T. Marshall ♦ Robert E. Brackett ♦ Shelagh McDonagh ♦ Michael W. Brennan ♦ Jun Nishibu ♦ Robert W. Brooks ♦ Karl E. Olson ♦ John C. Bruhn $100,000 ♦ Uito Palazzolo ♦ Barbara Cassens ♦ Anthony T. Pavel ♦ John Cerveny in 2000 ♦ Constantinos Piroccas ♦ Donna Christensen ♦ Charles Price ♦ C. Dee Clingman ♦ James F. Price ♦ Dean O. Cliver ♦ Anne Quilter Goldstein ♦ O. D. (Pete) Cook ♦ Ely P. Ramos ♦ Angela Cummings ♦ Danny Ripley ♦ Graciela L. DeAntoni ♦ Ruth Ann Rose-Morrow ♦ Dennis E. Decker ♦ Allen R. Sayler ♦ R. H. Deibel ♦ Jenny Scott ♦ J. Desmedt ♦ Manan Sharma ♦ Michael P Doyle ♦ Gary W Sherlaw ♦ P R. Elliker ♦ Isao Shibasaki ♦ Dan Erickson ♦ Gaylord B. Smith ♦ Albert Espinoza ♦ Joseph M. Smucker ♦ Rhonda L. Ezell ♦ Michael Soulek ♦ Steven R. Ferreira ♦ Nikolaos D. Soultos ♦ Scott J. Fritschel ♦ Hiroshi Takahashi ♦ Ruth G. Fuqua ♦ Nobumasa Tanaka ♦ Jock Gibson ♦ David W. Tharp ♦ Ronald H. Gough ♦ Donald W. Thayer ♦ Jack Guzewich ♦ Debbie Thompson ♦ Paul A. Hall ♦ Ken Tometsko ♦ Linda J. Harris ♦ Fred Weber ♦ Michael Harris ♦ Dennis Westhoff ♦ Harry Haverland ♦ Debra K. Williams ♦ Amy Heiden ♦ Kathy Willis ♦ Virginia N. Hillers ♦ Earl O. Wright ♦ Archie Holliday ♦ Mizuo Yajima ♦ William Huntley ♦ Shigeki Yamamoto

♦ California Association of Milk, Food and Environmental Sanitarians ♦ Wisconsin Association of Milk and Food Sanitarians

The above list represents individual contributors to the Association Foundation Fund during the period June 1, 1999 through June 30, 2000. In addition, a portion of the Sustaining Member dues are allocated to support this Fund. Your contribution is welcome. Call the Association office at 800.369.6337 or 515.276.3344 for more information on how you can support the Foundation.

AUGUST 2000 - Dairy, Food and Environmentol Sanitation 595 DAIRY. FOOD AND ENVIRONMENTAL nternational Association for Food Protection 6200 Aurora Avenue, Suite 200W ASaniltatiDn PUBLICATION OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION FOR FOOD PROTECTION Des Moines, lA 50322-2863, USA Dairy, Food and Environmental Sanitation (ISSN-1043-3546) is pub¬ Phone; 800.369.6337 • 515.276.3344 lished monthly beginning with the January number by the International Association Fax: 515.276.8655 for Food Protection, 6200 Aurora Avenue, Suite 200W, Des Moines, Iowa 50322- E-mail; [email protected] 2863, USA. Each volume comprises 12 numbers. Printed by Heuss Printing, Inc., Web site: www.foodprotection.org 91 1 N. Second Street, Ames, Iowa 50010, USA. Periodical Postage paid at Des Moines, Iowa 5031 8 and additional entry offices. DFES JOURNAL STAFF Manuscripts: Correspondence regarding manuscripts should be addressed ta Donna A. Bahun, Production Editor, International Association for Food Protection. David W. Tharp, CAE: Executive Director News Releases, Updates, Coming Events and Cover Photos: Corres¬ E-mail: [email protected] pondence for these materials should be sent to Donna A. Bahun, Pro¬ Lisa K. Hovey: Managing Editor duction Editor, International Association for Food Protection. E-mail: [email protected] "Instructions for Authors" may be obtained fram aur Web site at Danna A. Bahun: Production Editor wrww.foodprotection.org or from Donna A. Bahun, Production Editor, International E-mail: [email protected] Associatian for Food Protection. Orders for Reprints: All orders should be sent to Dairy, Food and Pam J. Wanninger: Proofreader Environmental Sanitation, International Assaciation for Food Protection. Note: E-mail: [email protected] Single copies of reprints are not available fram this address; address single copy INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION FOR reprint requests to principal authar. FOOD PROTECTION STAFF Reprint Permission: Questions regarding permissian to reprint any portion of Dairy, Food and Environmental Sanitation should be addressed to: David W. Tharp, CAE: Executive Director Donna A. Bahun, Production Editor, International Assaciatian for Food Protection.

E-mail: [email protected] Business Matters: Correspondence regarding business matters should Lisa K. Hovey: Assistant Director be addressed to Lisa K. Hovey, Managing Editor, International Association for E-mail: [email protected] Food Protection. Membership Dues: Membership in the Association is available to individuals. Donna A. Bahun: Design and Layout Dues include a 1 2-month subscription to Dairy, Food and Environmental E-mail: [email protected] Sanitation at a rate af $90.00 US, $ 100.00 Canada/Mexico, and $ 1 15.00 Julie A. Cattanach: Membership Services Internatianal. Dues including Dairy, Food and Environmental Sanitation E-mail: [email protected] and the Journal of Food Protection are $ 150.00 US, $ 1 75.00 Canada/ Mexico, and $220.00 International. Student memberships are available with Lucia Collison: Association Services verification of student status. Student rates are $45.00 US, $55.00 Canada/ E-mail: [email protected] Mexico, and $70.00 International for Dairy, Food and Environmental Bev Corron: Public Relations Sanitation, $45.00 US, $60.00 Canada/Mexico, and $90.00 International for E-mail: [email protected] Journal of Food Protection, and $75.00 US, $100.00 Canada/Mexico, and $ 145.00 International for Dairy, Food and Environmental Sanitation Karla K. Jordan: Order Processing and Journal of Food Protection All membership dues include shipping and E-mail: [email protected] handling. No cancellations accepted. Correspondence regarding changes of address and dues must be sent to Julie A. Cattanach, Membership Services, Didi Sterling Loynachan: Administrative Assistant International Association for Food Protection. E-mail: [email protected] Sustaining Membership: A sustaining membership in the Association is avail¬ Beth Miller: Accounting Assistant able to companies at a rate of $525.00 per year. Far mare informatian, cantact E-mail: [email protected] Julie A. Cattanach, Membership Services, International Assaciatian for Food Pam J. Wanninger: Proofreader Protection. E-mail: [email protected] Subscription Rates: Dairy, Food and Environmental Sanitation is available by subscription for $192.00 US, $202.00 Canada/Mexico, and Tanya L. Wheeler: Audiovisual Library Coordinator $217.00 Internatianal. Single issues are available for $24.00 US and $33.00 E-mail: [email protected] all other countries. All rates include shipping and handling. No cancellations Frank E. Zuehike: Senior Accountant accepted. Far mare infarmation contact Julie A. Cattanach, Membership Services,

E-mail: [email protected] International Association for Food Protection.

Claims: Notice of failure to receive copies must be reported within 30 days ADVERTISING domestic, 90 days outside US.

David Larson Postmaster: Send address changes to Dairy, Food and Environmental P.O. Box 25 Sanitation, 6200 Aurora Avenue, Suite 200W, Des Moines, Iowa 50322- Waukee, lA 50263 2863, USA. Phone: 515.987.1359 Dairy, Food and Environmental Sanitation is printed on paper that meets Fax: 515.987.2003 the requirements of ANSI/NISO 239.48-1992. E-mail: [email protected]

596 Dairy, Food and Environmental Sanitation - AUGUST 2000 nSF International can register Heavyweight your food safety plan. Champions Want to reduce your costs? IllOlff Minimize your liability? 5 way*■ W U W Increase customer Pest Control confidence? irofit is Come to NSF International.

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KNESS MFG. CO., INC. KSF InttffiatitMl 2053 Hwy. 5 South RO. Box 70 The Public Health and Safety Company'* Albia, Iowa 52531-0070 U.S.A. Phone: 800.NSF.MARK 515-932-7846 FAX 515-932-2456 www.kness.com www.nsf.org e-mail: [email protected]

Reader Service No. 110 Reader Service No. 133

AUGUST 2000 - Dairy, Food and Environmental Sanitation 597 DAIRY. FOOD AND ENVIRONMENTAL Future Annual Meetings Sanitation International Association for Food Protection

EXECUTIVE BOARD

President, Jack Guzewich, Food and Drug Administration, Division of Enforcement and Programs, HFS-605, 200 C Street S.W., Washington, D.C. 20204-0001; Phone: 202.260.3847; E-mail: [email protected]

President-Eiect, Jenny Scott, National Food Processors Association, 1350 I Street N.W., Suite 300, Washington, D.C. 20005-3305; Phone: 202.639.5985; E-mail: 2001 [email protected] Vice President, James S. Dickson, Iowa State University, Department of Micro¬ biology, 207 Science I, Ames, lA 50011-0001; Phone: 515.294.4733; E-mail: August 5-8 [email protected] Hilton Minneapolis Secretary, Anna M. Lammerding, Health Canada, Health Protection Branch, 1 10 Stone Road W., Guelph, Ontario, Canada NIG 3W4; Phone: 519.822.3300 Minneapolis, Minnesota Ext. 247; E-mail: [email protected]

Past President, Robert E. Brackett, Food and Drug Administration, Office of Plant and Dairy Foods and Beverages, HFS-300, 200 C Street S.W., Washington, D.C. 20204- 0001; Phone: 202.205.4064; E-mail: [email protected]

Affiliate Council Chairperson, Randy Daggs, Wisconsin Division of Public Health, 1 West Wilson Street, Madison, Wl 53701; Phone: 608.266.9376; E-mail: daggsra@ dhfs.state.wi.us 2002 EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR David W. Tharp, CAE, 6200 Aurora Ave., Suite 200W, Des Moines, IA 50322- 2863; Phone: 515.276.3344; E-mail: [email protected]. June 30-July 3 Hyatt Regency SCIENTIFIC EDITOR

San Diego William LaGrange, Ph.D., Iowa State University, Department of Food San Diego, California Science and Human Nutrition, Food Sciences Building, Ames, lA 5001 1-0001; Phone: 515.294.3156; Fax: 515.294.8181; E-mail: [email protected]

SCIENCE NEWS EDITOR

Doug Powell, Ph.D., UniversityofGuelph, Guelph, Ontario N1G2W1 Canada; Phone: 519.570.3928; Fax: 519.824.6631; E-mail: [email protected]

“The mission of the Association is to provide food safety professionals worldwide with a forum to exchange information on protecting the food supply.”

598 Doiry, Food and Environmental Sonitotion - AUGUST 2000 GARY ACUFF. .College Station, TX JULIE A. ALBRECHT. .Lincoln, NE JEAN ALLEN. .Toronto, Ontario, CAN KEVIN ANDERSON. .Ames, lA HAROLD BENGSCH. .Springfield, MO THOMAS G. BOUFFORD. .St. Paul, MN BOB BRADLEY. .Madison, Wl CHRISTINE BRUHN. .Davis, CA JOHN BRUHN. .Davis, CA LLOYD BULLERMAN. .Lincain, NE DONNA CHRISTENSEN. .Calgary, Alberta, CAN WARREN S. CLARK. .Chicago, IL WILLIAM W. COLEMAN . .Fargo, ND JANET E. COLLINS. .Arlington, VA PETE COOK. .Mt. Airy, MD NELSON COX. .Athens, GA CARL CUSTER. .Washington, D.C. JIM DICKSON. .Ames, lA ANN DRAUGHON. .Knoxville, TN RUTH FUQUA. .Mt. Juliet, TN JILLGEBLER . .Yarram, Victoria, AU THOMAS M. GILMORE. .McLean, VA B. A. GLATZ. .Ames, lA DAVID GOMBAS. .Washington, D.C. DAVID HENNING. .Brookings, SD CHARLOHE HINZ. .Leroy, NY JOHN HOLAH. .Gloucestershire, U.K. JILL HOLLINGSWORTH. .Washington, D.C. JIM HUSS. .Ames, lA ELIZABETH JOHNSON. .Columbia, SC SUSAN KLEIN. .Des Moines, lA SHERRI L KOCHEVAR. .Greeley, CO DOUG LORTON. .Fulton, KY PAUL MARTIN. .Chicago, IL LYNN MCMULLEN. .Edmonton, Alberta, CAN JOHN MIDDLETON. Manukau City, Auckland, N.Z. CATHERINE NEHLES-CUHER .Clay Center, NE CHRIS NEWCOMER. .Cincinnati, OH DEBBYNEWSLOW. .Orlando, FL FRED PARRISH. .Ames, lA DARYL PAULSON. .Bozeman, MT DAVID PEPER. .Sioux City, lA CHARLES PRICE. .Lombard, IL MICHAEL PULLEN. .White Bear Lake, MN K.T. RAJKOWSKI. .Wyndmoor, PA LAWRENCE A. ROTH. .Edmonton, Alberta, CAN ROBERT SANDERS. .Pensacola, FL RONALD H. SCHMIDT. .Gainesville, FL JOE SEBRANK. .Ames, lA DAVE SMITH. .Nepean, Ontario, CAN PETE SNYDER. .St. Paul, MN JOHN SOFOS. .Ft. Collins, CO LEO TIMMS. .Ames, lA P. C. VASAVADA. .River Falls, Wl E. R. VEDAMUTHU. .Rochester, MN

AUGUST 2000 - Dairy, Food and Environmental Sanitation 599 SustainingMembers

3-A Symbol Council, 1500 Second Capitol Wholesale Meats, 911 W. Electrol Specialties Company, Ave., SE, Suite 209, Cedar Rapids, lA , 37th PL, Chicago, IL 60609-1412; 441 Clark St., South Beloit, IL61080; 52403; 319.286.9221 773.890.0600 815.389.2291

3M Microbiology Products, 3M Celsis, Inc., 1801 Maple Ave., Evergreen Packaging, Division of Center, Bldg. 275, St. Paul, MN , Evanston, IL 60201; 847.467.7870 International Paper, 2400 6th St., 55144-1000; 612.733.9558 S.W., Cedar Rapids, lA 52406; 319. Chr. Hansen, Inc., 9015 W. Maple 399.3236 ABC Research Corporation, 3437 St., Milwaukee, WI 53214; 414.607. S.W. 24th Ave., Gainesville, FL 32607; 57(X) F & H Food Equipment Co., P.O. 352.372.0436 Box 3985, Springfield, MO 65808; Cogent Technologies, Ltd., 11140 Advanced Instruments, Inc., Two 417.881.6114 Luschek Dr., Cincinnati, OH 45241; Technology Way, Norwood, MA FoodHandler, 514 Grand Blvd., 02062; 781.320.9000 513.469.6800 Westbury, NY 11590; 800.338.4433 Anderson Instrument Co., 156 DARDEN Restaurants, P.O. Box Auriesville Road, Fultonville, NY 593330, Orlando, FL 32859-3330; Foss North America, Inc., 7682 12072; 518.922.5315 407.245.5330 Executive Dr., Eden Prairie, MN 55344-3677; 612.974.9892 Applied Research Institute, 3N Darigold, Inc., 635 Elliott Ave. W., Simm Lane, P.O. Box 810, Newtown, P.O. Box 79007, W. Seattle, WA FRM Chem, Inc., P.O. Box 207, CT 06470-1942; 888.324.7900 98119; 206.286.6772 Washington, MO 63090; 314.583. 4360 ASI Food Safety Consultants, Inc., Dean Foods, P.O. Box 7005, Rock¬ 7625 Page Blvd., St. Louis, M063133; ford, IL 61101-7005; 815.962.0647 GENE-TRAK Systems, 94 South St., 800.433.0900 Hopkinton, MA 01748; 508.435.7400 Decagon Devices, 950 N.E. Nelson Audits International, 60 Revere Court, P.O. Box 835, Pullman, WA Genpoint AS, Gaustadalleen 21, Dr., Suite 800, Northbrook, IL60062; 99163; 509.332.2756 Oslo, N-0349, Norway; 47.22.95. 847.433.0900 8420 DiverseyLever, 255 E. Fifth St., Suite BCN Research Laboratories, Inc., 1200, Cincinnati, OH 45202-4799; P.O. Box 50305, Knoxville, TN Glo Germ Company, 150 E. Center 513.762.6794 37950-0305; 800.236.0505 St., Moab, UT84532-2430; 800.842. DonLevy & Associates, Inc., 1551 6622 BD Biosciences, 7 Loveton Circle, E. 89th Ave., Merrillville, IN 46410; Sparks, MD 21152; 4l0.3l6.4467 I GreatWestem Chemical Co., 1717 219.736.0472 E. Fargo, Nampa, ID 83687-6827; Bentley Instruments, Inc., 4004 208.466.8437 Peavey Road, Chaska, MN 55318; i DQCI Services, Inc., 5205 Quincy 612.448.7600 i St., Mounds View, MN 55112-1400; IBA, Inc., 27 Providence Road, P.O. 612.785.0484 Box 31, Millbury, MA 01527; 508. BioControl Systems, Inc., 12822 865.6911 SE 32nd St., Bellevue, WA 98005; j DSM Food Specialties, N89 425.603.1123 ! W14475 Patrita Dr., Menomonee IDEXX Laboratories, Inc., One Falls, WI 53051; 414.255.7955 Idexx Dr., Westbrook, ME 04092; Biolog, Inc., 3938 Trust Way, Hay- j 207.856.0300 ward, CA 94545; 510.785.2564 ; DYNAL, Inc., 5 Delaware Dr., Lake Success, NY 11042; 5l6.326.3270 bioMerieux, Inc., 595 Anglum Innovative Cleaning Equipment, Road, Hazelwood, MO 63042-2320; | Eaton Hall Expositions, 256 4445 44th St., Grand Rapids, MI 800.638.4835 Columbia Turnpike, Florham Park, 49512; 616.285.6055 NJ 07932; 800.746.9646 Capitol Vial, Inc., 6969 E. Sunrise, | International BioProducts, Inc., Suite 100, Tucson, AZ 85750; Ecolab, Inc., 370 Wabasha St. N., P.O. Box 0746, Bothell, WA 98041- 800.688.9515 i St. Paul, MN 55102; 6l2.293.2364 0746; 425.398.7993

600 Dairy, Food and Environmental Sanitation - AUGUST 2000 SustainingMembers

International Dairy Foods Asso¬ Nelson-Jameson, Inc., 2400 E. Fifth Rochester Midland Corp., 333 ciation, 1250 H St. N.W., Suite 900, St., P.O. Box 647, Marshfield, WI Hollenbeck St., Rochester, NY Washington, D.C. 20005; 202.737. 54449-0647; 715.387.1151 14621; 716.336.2360 4332 Neogen Corporation, 620 Lesher Ross Laboratories, 3300 Stelzer Iowa State University Food Mic¬ Place, Lansing, MI 48912; 517. Road, Columbus, OH 43219; robiology Group, 207 Science I, 372.9200 614.624.7438 Ames, lA 50011; 515.294.4733 NESTLE USA, Inc., 800 N. Brand rtech™ laboratories, P.O. Box J.J. Keller & Associates, Inc., 3003 Blvd., Glendale, CA 91203; 818. 64101, St. Paul, MN 55164-0101; W. Breezewood Lane, Neenah, WI 549.5799 800.328.9687 54957-0368; 920.720.7625 Seiberling Associates, Inc., 94 NSF International, 789 Dixboro KenAgInc., 101 E. 7th St., Ashland, North High St., Suite 350, Dublin, Road, Ann Arbor, MI 48105; 734. OH 44805; 800.338.7953 769.8010 OH 43017-1100; 6l4.764.2817 Kraft Foods, Inc., 801 Waukegan Seward Limited, 98 Great North Oi^anon Teknika Corp., lOOAkzo Road, Glenview, IL 60025; 847.646. Road, London, N2 OGN United King¬ Ave., Durham, NC 27712; 919.620. 3678 dom; 44.0.181.365.4104 2000 LabPlas Inc., 1950 Bombardier St., Silliker Laboratories Group, Inc., Oxoid, Inc., 1926 Merivale Road, Ste-Julie, Quebec, Canada J3E 2J9; 900 Maple Road, Homewood, IL Suite 100, Nepean, Ontario, Canada 450.649.7343 60430; 708.957.7878 K2G 1E8; 800.267.6391 Land O’Lakes, Inc., P.O. Box Sneezeguard Solutions, Inc., 1123 64101, St. Paul, iMN 551643)101; Penn State University, University Wilkes Blvd., Suite 2-A, Columbia, 612.481.2870 Creamery, 12 Borland Laboratory, MO 65201-4774; 800.569.2056 University Park, PA 16802; 814. Medallion Laboratories, 9000 865.7535 Plymouth Ave., Minneapolis, MN Universal Sanitizers & Supplies, Inc., P.O. Box 50305, Knoxville, TN 55427; 612.764.4453 PestWest Electronics Limited, 37950; 423 584.1936 Michelson Laboratories, Inc., Denholme Drive, Ossett, West York¬ 6280 Chalet Dr., Commerce, CA shire, England WF5 9NB; 44.1924. Warren Analytical Laboratory, 90040; 562.928.0553 277631 650 ‘O’ St., P.O. Box G, Greeley , CO 80632-0305; 800.945.6669 NASCO International, 901 Janesville Process Tek, 1991 Big Bend Dr., Ave., Fort Atkinson, Wl 53538; 4l4. Des Plaines, IL60016; 847.296.9312 Weber Scientific, 2732 Kuser Road, 563.2446 Qualicon, A DuPont Subsidiary, Hamilton, NJ 08691-9430; 609.584. The National Food Laboratory, P.O. Box 80357, Wilmington, DE 7677 Inc., 6363 Clark Ave., Dublin, CA 198800357; 302.695.2262 94568; 510.551.4231 West Agro, Inc., 11100 North Con¬ Raven Biological Labs, 8607 Park gress Ave., Kansas City, MO 64153; National Food Processors Asso¬ Dr., Omaha, NE 68127; 402.593. 816.891.1528 ciation, 1350 I St. N.W., Suite 300, 0781 Washington, D.C. 20005-3305; Zep Manufacturing Company, 202.639.5985 REMEL, Inc., 12076 Santa Fe Dr., 1310 Seaboard Industrial Blvd., Lenexa, KS 66215-3594; 800.255. Atlanta, GA 30318; 404.352.1680 National Restaurant Assn. — 6730 Educational Foundation, 250 S. Zylux Corporation, 1742 Henry' Wacker Dr., Suite 1400, Chicago, IL Rhodia, Inc., P.O. Box 592, Mad¬ G. Lane St., Maryville, TN 37801; 60606-5834; 800.765.2122 ison, WI 53701; 800.356.9393 423.379.6016

AUGUST 2000 - Dairy, Food and Environmental Sanitation 601 QUOTATIONS

FROM JACK

It is a cliche but it is hard to changing careers. Little wonder 1 believe that a year has passed am so proud to be a Member of already. It has been a high point I AFP, not to mention to be hon¬ of my career to have served as ored to have served as President. President of the most important Our organization has a bright food safety professional organiza¬ future. A Student PDG is in the tion in the world at a time when formative stages thanks to Scott the importance of food safety is Burnett from the University of enjoying new recognition. After Georgia and Kalmia Phelps from much discussion, our Members Virginia Tech. The student PDG voted to change our name to the will provide an influx of new International Association for Food young Members. We will be By JACK GUZEWICH Protection by over 94%. Our sponsoring a workshop on pro¬ President stagnant Membership numbers duce safety in Mexico in Novem¬ have begun to grow. We are ber of this year, our first such gaining new affiliates in North effort in that country. The World America (Mexico, Washington, Health Organization (WHO) “Our organ¬ 1).C., and Quebec) and interest passed its first ever declaration is being shown for even more setting up a more active food ization has affiliates in North America and safety program and we have in other continents. Our Journals begun to explore how our organi¬ a bright continue to lead the way with zation could work toward official cutting edge papers every month. recognition from WHO as a non¬ Our Annual Meeting grows in governmental organization. We future” prestige and attendance. We are working with the 3-A Symbol expect to break 1,200 in atten¬ Council, FDA, USDA, IDEA, and dance this year and 1,300 is even IA FIS to develop a certification possible! The quality of our staff program for equipment bearing in Des Moines assures that the the 3-A symbol. The US Food and organization is responsive to Drug Administration approached Member needs and that we us with a request to hold a very operate like a first class profes¬ important public meeting on their sional organization. Our Journal draft Listeria monocytogenes risk Editors, Committee and Profes¬ assessment in conjunction with sional Development Group (PDG) our Annual Meeting. The National chairpersons and Members con¬ Advisory Committee on Microbio¬ tinue to supply us with outstand¬ logical Criteria for Foods will hold ing products, networking oppor¬ a meeting regarding the LM risk tunities and outstanding Annual assessment immediately following Meeting symposia. Last but not our Annual Meeting. This is least, we are an organization made happening because so many of up of professionals whose mem¬ the nation’s and world’s experts bership in our organization on microbial food safety will be demonstrates dedication to food at our meeting anyway! safety and a desire to stay ahead We also have a bright future of the curve in their constantly due to our history. Earl Wright,

602 Dairy, Food and Environmental Sanitation - AUGUST 2000 Harry Haverland, David Tharp, foundation and our mix of indus¬ Anna Lammerding, and Randy Didi Loynachan, Jackie Runyan, try, academic and government Daggs. I would like to thank David and Donna Bahun completed a Members, I have every confidence Tharp, Lisa Hovey, Donna Bahun, history of our organization that that the International Association Julie Cattanach, Lucia Collison, will be handed out at the Annual for Food Protection will grow and Bev Corron, Karla Jordan, Didi Meeting and be published as a evolve as the premier food safety Loynachan, Beth Miller, Pam series of articles in DFES this fall. organization in the world. Wanninger, Tanya Wheeler, and If you read this history or the other In closing I would like to Frank Zuehlke for their dedication past Presidential Addresses that thank some folks who have made to our organization and for their have been published in recent this experience one I will never support. Finally, I would like to DFES issues you know how our forget. First, I would like to thank thank my wife, Judy, for her roots are in milk safety and quality. the Executive Board members who patience and support during my Many of our past Members made I have had the privilege of serving weekends away and many nights significant contributions to the with over the past four years, who doing lAMFES/IAFP work. She has field of milk safety and quality and have supported me and who have put up with a lot! many of the concepts we use in taught me a great deal: Ann I look forward to my last year the safety and quality of other Draughon, John Bruhn, Michael on the Executive Board as Past foods originate in the milk safety Brodsky, Lawrence Roth, Gale President and for the friendship of and quality experience. With the Prince, Beth Johnson, Bob my fellow lAEP Members for many strength of that history as our Brackett, Jenny Scott, Jim Dickson, years to come.

International Association for Food Protection Presents Latin American Workshop on Safety of Exported Produce

November 12, 2000

Guadalajara Mission Carlton Hotel Guadalajara, Mexico

Watch our Web site at www.foodprotection.org for more information

AUGUST 2000 - Dairy, Food and Environmental Sanitation 603 I Commentary FROM THE EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR

As we move closer to the end milk inspection. In some instances of the year 2()()0, we have com¬ inspection is by police power only, pleted a written history of the first in others by means of elaborate 89 years of the Association. This milk laws and ordinances so document was available to Annual far advanced for the city or state Meeting attendees and is available that they cannot be and are not to Members. If you are interested enforced.” Association Members in receiving a copy, fill out the worked long and hard to educate coupon on page 634 for your inspectors and they worked complimentary Member copy. If towards uniform milk-related you have a need for additional ordinances and laws. copies, you may also order them By the 1930s, society became on the same page. more mobile and health concerns By DAVID W. THARP, CAE It has been said many times were no longer considered only Executive Director before, but in 1911, 33 “men” a local matter. Health of people from Australia, Canada and the in one location was of concern United States who were interested to cities hundreds of miles away. “We continue in improving the quality of milk, Uniformity in protecting the food organized the International supply was needed and federal to evolve as Association of Dairy and Milk governments were seen as the Inspectors. This is the beginning solution. During the ‘30s the an Associa¬ of time for the present day. depression affected people’s International Association for Food ability to buy food. Milk was an tion to meet Protection. economical source of nutrition. As we look back over the After the depression, equip¬ the neetls of history of the Association, it is ment design proceeded rapidly. apparent that we have made a New forms of equipment were our Members” significant impact on the safety of being installed, creating an not only the milk supply, but also additional public health concern. the food supply during the many Pasteurization helped to relieve years of our Association existence. some of these concerns. Our In the early days, the emphasis Members were actively involved was on creating methods to ensure in moving towards a federal safe milk. Many inspectors had inspection program and in no training or education to assist designing new equipment. Milk- them in performing their duties. borne epidemics became less C.J. Steffen stated in the first frequent as pasteurization use Presidential Address, “I have increased. known carpenters, locksmiths, The Association, now named ward politicians, plumbers and International Association of Milk a cobbler to be appointed as dairy Sanitarians (1936), recognized a inspectors.” need to move away from the In his second Presidential Annual Reports they published Address, C.J. Steffen stated, “Prac¬ for the first 25 years. It was dec¬ tically all states and most cities ided to publish the Journal of have some form of dairy and Milk Technology beginning in

604 Dairy, Food and Environmental Sanitation - AUGUST 2000 1938. This journal was able to information about safe food pro¬ protecting the public’s health, print more in-depth articles on duction and handling. Interaction our 2000 Annual Meeting carried the science of milk and would be between Members with varied out the same focus with today’s more educational for Association backgrounds helps improve both science. Members. Research results would the milk and food supply, thus We continue to evolve as an nt)w be available to Members as having positive effects on the Association to meet the needs of the sharing of information moved nation’s health and the world’s our Members. The written history to the next level. health. will provide a reference document At the 1946 Annual Meeting, Moving forward to present for many years to come. It will provide new Members with an food and restaurant sanitarians times, we just completed a name understanding of the evolution were included in our Membership change for the Association as of of the Association. It will provide and in 1947, the name was January 1, 2000. Of course, we are long-time Members with memory changed to International Associa¬ now the International Association jogging information about the tion of Milk and Food Sanitarians. for Food Protection. Our 87th Association whereby they can The journal name was likewise Annual Meeting recently con¬ remember the impact they had changed to Journal of Milk and cluded in Atlanta, Georgia again on the safety of our food supply. Food Technology. At this point in breaking attendance records as We hope that you will have a time, you can see a shift in focus attendees were exposed to more better understanding of the rich from only milk, to milk and food. than 300 scientific presentations history of YOUR Association and For more than 50 years, our focus to assist them in performing their the positive impact we have had continues to follow this avenue! duties. Just as the focus in 1911 on public health and safe food Now more Members share more was on the quality of milk and over the life of the Association.

To all our Sponsors ^ Exhibitors and Attendees

for making the lAFP 2000 Annual Meeting a huge success!

Mark your calendars for next year’s meeting August 5-8, 2001 Minneapolis, Minnesota

AUGUST 2000 - Dairy, Food and Environmental Sanitatian 60S Dairy, Food and Environmental Sanitation, Vol. 20, No. 8, Pages 606-611 Copyright© International A$$o

Trouble-shooting Sources and Causes of High Bacteria Counts in Raw Milk S. C. Murphy and K. J. Boor*

other bacteriological tests that are SUMMARY used as indicators of milk produc¬ tion conditions. These tests may be Measurement of bacterial numbers in raw milk is used included in determining eligibility to determine producer compliance with regulatory for premium payments, or they may standards as well as with milk quality incentive programs. be used only as an added quality The Food and Drug Administration’s Pasteurized Milk i assurance tool. The bacteriological Ordinance requires that Class I milk not exceed 100,000 j tests commonly used to supplement CFU/ml Standard Plate Count (SPC). Other bacteriological | the SPC are the Preliminary Incuba¬ tests commonly used to supplement SPC analyses include [ tion Count (PIC), the Lab Pasteuriza¬ the Preliminary Incubation Count (PIC), the Lab tion Count (LPC), and the Coliform Count (/4, 19) The SPC provides an Pasteurization Count (LPC), and the Coliform Count. estimated count of total aerobic bac¬ Results from these testing procedures can be used to help | teria in a sample, and the PIC, LPC, identify and eliminate sources of bacterial contamination j and Coliform Count select for spe¬ in milk production systems. In this article, we review cific groups of bacteria that are asso¬ these bacteriological procedures and describe common ciated with sub-optimal dairy pro¬ sources and causes of high bacteria counts in raw milk. duction practices. Results of these ; ______J testing procedures can be used to This article has been peer reviewed by two professionals. help identify and eliminate potential problems that may not be detected solely by SPC results. In this paper, INTRODUCTION meet other quality standards, includ¬ below, we review these bacterio¬ ing freedom from drug residues, Assurance of the quality of dairy logical procedures and describe com¬ added water, sediment, contami¬ products begins at the farm and mon sources and causes of high bac¬ nants, and other abnormalities. De¬ ends in the hands of the consumer. teria counts in raw milk. pending on the purchaser of the The overall condition and cleanli¬ milk, dairy farmers also may qualify ness of a dairy farm is scrutinized Standard plate count by routine inspections. Raw milk for substantial monetary premiums The Standard Plate Count (SPC) quality is closely monitored to by producing quality milk that meets of raw milk gives an indication ensure processed product quality standards far more demanding than of the total number of aerobic and safety. The Food and Drug regulatory requirements. bacteria present in the milk at the Administration’s Pasteurized Milk One quality measure used ex¬ time of pickup from the farm. Milk Ordinance (/S) requires that Class I tensively in both regulatory and pre¬ milk not exceed 100,000 CFU/ml mium testing programs is estimation samples are plated in a semi-solid Standard Plate Count (SPC) and of bacterial numbers in a milk sup¬ nutrient media or on Petrifilm™ (3M 750,000 cells/ml Somatic Cell Count ply. In addition to the SPC, raw milk Company, St. Paul, MISJ) and then (SCC). In addition, raw milk must is often subjected to a number of incubated for 48 hours at 32°C

606 Dairy, Food ond Environmental Sanitation - AUGUST 2000 OIntenuiioMi Atsociatioiifor Food Prolection (90°F) to encourage bacterial High PICs are generally associ¬ Coliform count growth {14). Single bacteria (or clus¬ ated with inadequate cleaning and The Coliform Count procedure ters) grow to become visible colo¬ sanitizing of either the milking sys¬ enumerates bacteria present in milk nies that are then counted. All plate tem or the cows. Bacteria consid¬ that are most commonly associated counts are expressed as the number ered to be natural flora of the cow with manure or environmental con¬ of colony forming units (CFU) per (e.g.. Staphylococcus spp.; Strepto¬ tamination. Milk samples are plated milliliter (ml). coccus spp.), including those that on a selective bacterial media that Aseptically collected milk from cause mastitis, are unlikely to grow encourages the growth of coliform clean, healthy cows typically has an significantly at the PI holding tem¬ ba cteria while preventing the growth SPC less than 1,000. Higher SPCs perature. However, PICs equal to or of others {14). Although coliforms suggest that bacteria are entering only slightly higher than an already are often used as indicators of fecal the milk from a variety of possible high SPC (e.g., > 50,000) may sug¬ contamination, some strains com¬ sources. Although it is difficult to gest that a high SP(> is due to masti¬ monly exist in the environment. eliminate all sources of bacterial con¬ tis. Marginal cooling, i.e., holding Coliforms may enter the milk supply tamination, SPCs less than 5,000 are of milk at over 4.4‘’C (40°F), or as a consequence of milking soiled common, and counts less than prolonged raw milk storage times cows or of dropping equipment into 10,000 should be achievable by most can also result in unacceptable PIC manure during milking. Generally, farms. The most frequent cause of a levels, as these conditions may counts above 50 CFU/ml indicate high SPC is inadequate cleaning of allow reproduction of some types of poor milking hygiene. High coliform the milking system. Milk residues on bacteria. Bacteria that grow well at counts most often result from dirty equipment surfaces provide nutri¬ refrigeration temperatures (psych- equipment but also can result from ents for growth and multiplication rotrophic bacteria) are most fre¬ milking cows with environmental of bacteria that contaminate the prod¬ quently associated with high PICs. coliform mastitis. uct during subsequent milkings. Other practices that can raise the Lab pasteurized count QUALITY STANDARDS - bulk tank SPC are milking soiled Although most bacteria are de¬ SPC LPC PIC AND cows, maintaining an unclean milk¬ COLIFORM COUNT ing and housing environment, and stroyed by pasteurization, certain failing to cool the milk rapidly to less types are not. The Lab Pasteurized Raw milk bacterial regulatory than 4.4°C (40°F). Mastitic cows can Count (LPC) estimates the number standards and typical standards for also cause high SPCs. of bacteria that can survive the pas¬ dairy industry quality premiums are teurization process. Milk samples are listed in Table 1. The bacterial tests Preliminary incubation count heated to simulate batch pasteuriza¬ actually included in a milk quality tion at 62.8°C (145°F) for 30 min¬ incentive program for producers, as Results from the Preliminary utes {19). Bacteria that survive pas¬ well as the limits used, vary depend¬ Incubation Count (PIC) can provide ing on the philosophy and require¬ insight into sources of bacterial con¬ teurization (thermoduric bacteria) are enumerated using the SPC pro¬ ments of a processor or cooperative. taminants in milk production sys¬ Generally, standards used to deter¬ cedure. LPCs are generally much tems. This procedure involves hold¬ mine premium eligibility are based lower than SPCs. Lab Pasteurized ing the milk at 12.8°C (55°F) for 18 on values established for well-man- Counts higher than 200 CFU/ml sug¬ hours prior to plating (/4). This step aged farms. Although no regulatory gest that the milk was not properly encourages reproduction of groups standards exist for some of the tests of bacteria that grow well at cool protected from bacterial contamina¬ described in Table 1, standardized temperatures. Bacteria in the incu¬ tion. Bacteria considered the natural procedures for all of the analyses bated sample are counted by the SPC flora of the cow, as well as those must be used to ensure accuracy of procedure, as previously described, associated with mastitis, are gener¬ the results. and are compared to the SPC of the ally not thermoduric. High LPCs are unincubated sample to determine if generally associated with a chronic SOURCES AND CAUSES a significant increase in bacterial or persistent cleaning failure in some OF HIGH BAaERIA COUNTS numbers has occurred during the area of the system or with significant IN RAW MILK holding period. PICs are generally levels of milk contamination from higher than SPCs. PICs that are more soiled cows. Other common causes Milk is synthesized in special¬ than 3-4 fold higher than SPCs are of high LPCs are old pipe-line gas¬ ized cells of the mammary gland and considered to indicate that the milk kets, inflations and other rubber is virtually sterile when secreted into has not been protected from bacte¬ parts, milkstone deposits, and leaky the alveoli of the udder {22). Beyond rial contamination. pumps. this stage of milk production, micro-

AUGUST 2000 - Ooiry, Food and Environmental Sonifotion 607 TABLE 1. Regulatory and hypothetical industry quality standards for raw milk bacterial counts (expressed as CFU/ml)

Testing Procedure Quality Standard Regulatory Standard

Standard Plate Count (SPC) < 10,000 < 100,000

Laboratory Pasteurization Count (LPC) <200 No standard

Preliminary Incubation Count (PIC) < 3x the SPC or No standard < 50,000

Coliform Count <50 California (< 750)

bial contamination generally occurs Although a healthy udder should S. aureus eounts as high as 60,000/ from three main sources: from within contribute very little to the total bac- ml have been documented in bulk the udder, from the exterior of the teria count of bulk milk, a cow with tank milk samples (S). udder, and from the surface of milk mastitis has the potential to shed Organisms commonly associ- handling and storage equipment (4). large numbers of microorganisms ated with environmental mastitis The health and hygiene of the cow, into the milk supply. The influence (e g., S. iiberis and S. dysgalactiae) the environment in which the cow of mastitis on the total bacteria count are found in the cow’s environment is housed and milked, and the proce¬ of bulk milk depends on the strain and thus also may influence bulk dures used in cleaning and sanitizing of infecting microorganism(s), the milk bacteria counts through means the milking and storage equipment stage of infection, and the percent- other than masititis infections (2, all influence microbial numbers in age of the herd infected. Infected 23), including by the milking of dirty raw milk. Equally important are the cows have the potential to shed in tows or by the use of improperly temperature and length of storage excessof 10’bacteria per ml. If the cleaned equipment. Thus, an in¬ time that may allow microbial con¬ milk from one cow with 10’ bacte- crease in SCC may provide support- taminants to reproduce. All of these ria per ml comprises 1% of the bulk ing evidence that a mastitis bac- factors influence the total bacteria tank milk, the total bulk tank count, terium may have caused an increase numbers (SPC) and the types of bac¬ disregarding other sources, would m bulk milk bacteria counts. In teria present in bulk raw milk. be 10'^ per ml (4). general, the presence of mastitis Mastitis organisms that most fre- organisms does not influence LPCs Microbial contamination from quently influence total bulk milk or PICs. Cases of coliform mastitis within the udder counts are Streptococcus spp., most may elevate coliform counts, Raw milk as it leaves the udder notably S. agalactiae and 5. uberis of healthy cows normally contains (3, 4, 8, 1 /), although other mastitis Microbial contamination from very low numbers of microorgan¬ pathogens can influence the bulk exterior of the udder isms and generally will contain less tank count as well. Organisms asso- The exterior of the cow’s udder than 1,0(K) total bacteria per ml (72). ciated with contagious mastitis, spe- and teats can contribute microorgan- Although the teat cistern, teat canal, cifically S. agalactiae and Staphylo- isms that are naturally associated and teat apex may be colonized by a coccus aureus, typically do not sig- with the skin of the animal as well variety of microorganisms, micro¬ nificantly increase in numbers on as microorganisms derived from the bial contamination from within the soiled milking equipment or under environment in which the cow is udder of healthy animals is not con¬ sidered to contribute significantly to conditions of marginal or poor cool- housed and milked. In general, the the total numbers of microorganisms ing; thus their presence in raw milk direct influence of natural inhabit- in the bulk milk or to the potential provides an indication of mastitis ants as contaminants in the total increase in bacterial numbers dur¬ infections within the herd (4, 8). bulk milk count is considered small. ing refrigerated storage. Natural Staphylococcus aureus is not gen- and most of these organisms do not flora of the cow generally will not erally thought to be a frequent con- grow competitively in milk. Of more influence LPC^s, PICs or Coliform tributor to significant increases in importance is the contribution of Counts. total bulk tank counts (5), although microorganisms from teats soiled

608 Dairy, Food and Environmental Sanitation - AUGUST 2000 TABLE 2. Sources of microbial contamination as predicted by results from standard plate count, 1 laboratory pasteurization count, preliminary incubation count, and coliform count analyses 1

Procedure Natural Mastitis Dirty Cows Dirty Equip. Poor Cooling Flora

SP010,000 Not likely Possible Possible Possible Possible

SPC> 100,000 Not likely Possible Not likely Possible Possible (rare) (likely) (likely)

LPC >200-300 Not likely Not likely Possible Possible Not likely (likely)

PIC High vs. SPC Not likely Not likely Possible Possible Possible (likely) (likely)

SPC High/ no Not likely Possible Possible but Possible but Not likely increase in PIC not likely not likely but possible

Coliform Count Not likely Possible Possible Possible Not likely High (rare) but possible

with manure, mud, feeds, or bed¬ heavily soiled cows could potentially be natural inhabitants of the teat ding. result in bulk milk counts exceeding canal, apex, and skin generally do Teats and udders of cows inevi¬ 10^ per ml. Several studies have in¬ not grow significantly on soiled milk tably become soiled when animals vestigated pre-milking udder hygiene contact surfaces or during refriger¬ are held in muddy barnyards or techniques in relation to the bacte¬ ated storage of milk. Although or¬ when cows are lying in stalls. Soiled ria count of milk (4, 6, 15, 17). Gen¬ ganisms associated with contagious bedding can harbor large numbers erally, thorough cleaning of the teat mastitis (e.g., 5. agalactiae) gener¬ of microorganisms, with counts ex¬ with a sanitizing solution (spray, wet ally do not reproduce well at ceeding 10** to 10'“ CFU per gram towel or dip) followed by thorough refrigeration temperatures, some (2, 4, 9, 23')- Organisms associated drying with a clean towel is effective microbes associated with environ¬ with soiled bedding materials in¬ in reducing the numbers of microor¬ mental mastitis (e.g., coliforms) may clude streptococci, staphylococci, ganisms in milk contributed from be able to grow to significant spore-formers, coliforms, and other soiled teats. Coliform counts, which numbers. In general, environmental Gram-negative bacteria. As both are generally associated with con¬ contaminants (i.e., from bedding, thermoduric and psychrotrophic tamination with manure, barnyard manure, feeds) are more likely to strains of bacteria are commonly mud, and used bedding, were rela¬ grow on soiled equipment surfaces found on soiled teat surfaces (4), tively low in these studies, even for than are organisms associated contamination from the exterior of the untreated cows, suggesting that with mastitis infections. The farm the udder can influence LPCs, PICs, higher coliform counts in bulk milk water supply also can be a source and coliform counts. are more likely to be caused by other of microorganisms (especially The influence of dirty cows on factors (e.g., soiled equipment; psychrotrophs) that can seed soiled total bacteria counts depends on the coliform mastitis cases). equipment and/or the milk (4). extent of soiling of the teat surface Cleaning and sanitizing proce¬ Influence of equipment cleaning and on pre-milking udder prepara¬ dures that leave residual soil on and sanitizing procedures tion practices. For example, if one equipment can dramatically in¬ gram of teat soil containing 10** CFU Milking system cleanliness in¬ crease the numbers and influence of bacteria is allowed into the milk of fluences the total bulk milk bacte¬ the types of microbes that grow on one cow giving approximately 30 ria count at least as much as any milk contact surfaces. For example, lb. Cl3,400 gm) of milk, the total other factor (76). Milk residue left heat resistant and/or thermoduric bacteria count for that cow’s milk, on equipment contact surfaces sup¬ bacteria can persist in low numbers excluding other sources, would be ports growth of a variety of micro¬ on equipment surfaces that are in excess of 7,000 per ml. Milking organisms. Organisms considered to routinely cleaned with hot water. If

AUGUST 2000 - Dairy, Food ond Environmental Sanitation 609 milk residue is also left behind (i.e., population of less than 10% of the trouble-shooting sources of high milk stone) these heat resistant total bulk tank count, psychro¬ bacterial counts in bulk tank milk. organisms may reproduce and per¬ trophic bacteria can become the sist in the milking system. High dominant microflora after 2 to 3 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS numbers of thermoduric organisms days at 4.4°C (40°F) (7). The longer Work in the authors’ Milk Qual¬ are also associated with the use raw milk is held before processing ity Improvement Program Labora¬ of old, cracked rubber parts. In (legally, up to 5 days), the greater the tory^ has been supported by the general, conditions favorable for the chance that psychrotrophs will in¬ North-East Dairy' Producers Associa¬ reproduction of these organisms crease in numbers during the stor¬ tion, the New' York State Depart¬ must persist for several days or age period. Milk stored at the PMO ment of Agriculture and Markets and weeks before these microbes can legal limit of 7.2°C (45°F) will expe¬ the New York State Dairy’ Promotion increase to numbers that signifi¬ rience greater increases in bacterial Advisory' Board. cantly influence bulk tank counts numbers than the same milk held (2/). Thus, attention to detail in below 4.4°C (4()°F). ABOUT THE AUTHORS equipment maintenance and to When milk is held at tempera¬ cleaning and sanitizing procedures tures above the legal limit of 7.2°C *Food Science Department, will help to control numbers of (45°F), bacteria other than psychro¬ Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, thermodurics in milking systems. trophs are able to grow rapidly and USA, Phone: 607.255.3 111; Fax: 607. 254.2838; E-mail: [email protected]; The presence of thermoduric organ¬ can become predominant in raw Milk Quality Improvement Program, isms is detected by increases in milk. Streptococci have historically Department of Food Science, Cornell LPCs. been associated with poor cooling University, Ithaca, NY 14853. Ineffective cleaning, insufficient of milk, appearing as pairs or chains hot water temperatures, and/or the of cocci (spherical bacteria) on REFERENCES absence of sanitizers tends to select microscopic examination of milk 1. Atherton, H. V., and W. A. Dodge. for faster grow ing, less heat-resis¬ smears (/). These bacteria will 1970. Milk under the microscope. tant organisms, principally Ciram- increase the acidity of milk. Certain Vermont Extension Service. Univer¬ negative rods (conforms and Pseud¬ strains are also responsible for a sity of Vermont. omonads) and lactic streptococci. “malty defect” that is easily detected 2. Bramley.A.J. 19S2. Sources of.SYre/>- The presence of these organisms by its distinct odor. Storage tem¬ tococcus uheris in the dairy herd 1. Isolation from bovine faeces and can result in high PK-s and, in some peratures greater than 15°C (6()°F) from straw bedding of cattle.). Dairy cases, elevated LP(/s. Effective use tend to select for these types of con¬ Res. 49:.W;-.^73. of chlorine or iodine sanitizers has taminants (7). The types of bacteria 3. Bramley, A.)., H. McKinnon, R. T. been associated with reduced levels that grt)w and become significant Staker, and D. L. Simpkin, 1984. The of psychrotrophic bacteria that cause will depend on the initial microflora effect of udder infection on the bac¬ terial flora of the bulk milk of ten high PICs (10'). Psychrotrophic bac¬ of the milk (4). dairy herds. J. Appl. Bacteriol. teria tend to be present in higher 57:317-323. count milk and are often associated SUMMARY 4. Bramley, A.)., and C. H. .McKinnon. with occasional neglect of proper 1990. The microbiology of raw milk, cleaning or sanitizing procedures As bacteria can enter milk pro¬ p. 163-208. In Dairy Microbiology, (/6, 21) and/or poorly cleaned duction systems from multiple and Vol. 1. Robinson, R. K. (ed.) Elsevier Science Publishers, London. refrigerated bulk tanks (13, 20). various sources, determining the 5. Fenlon, D. R., D. N. Logue, J. Gunn, cause of high bacterial numbers and). Wilson. 1995. A study of mas¬ Milk storage temperature is not always straightforward. High titis bacteria and herd management and time bacteria counts can result from a practices to identify their relation¬ combination of factors (e.g., dirty ship to high somatic cell counts in Milk storage at refrigeration equipment, cracked rubber hoses bulk tank milk. Brit. Vet ). 151:17- temperatures will reduce the rate at 25. and inflations, mastitic cows, and which nearly all bacteria increase in 6. Gallon, D. M., L. G. Petersson, W. G. marginal cooling). In addition to the numbers. Psychrotrophic microor¬ Merrill, D. K. Bandler, and D. E. SPC, a number of testing procedures Shuster. 1984. Effects of premilking ganisms will continue to reproduce may be used to evaluate the quality udder preparation on bacterial popu¬ under refrigeration conditions, and of raw milk, including the LPC, PIC lation, sediment and iodine residue the relative changes in bacterial and the coliform count. These tests in milk ). Dairy Sci. 67:2580-2589. numbers can dramatically affect the generally select for bacteria that oc¬ 7. (iehringer, G. 1980. Multiplication of bacteria during farm storage, microbial ecology of the raw milk. cur as contaminants that are not p. 22-24. In Eactors influencing the To illustrate, although milk pro¬ considered to be the natural flora of bacteriological quality of raw milk. duced under near-ideal conditions the cow. Table 2 describes the appli¬ International Dairy Federation Bul¬ may have an initial psychrotroph cation of these bacterial tests for letin, Document 120.

610 Dairy, Food and Environmental Sanitation - AUGUST 2000 8. Gonzalez, R. N., D. E. Jasper, R. B. 13 Mackenzie, E. 1973. Themuxluric 18. Pasteurized Milk Ordinance, p. 350. Busnell, andT. B. Farver. 1986. Rela¬ and psychrotrophic organisms on 1995. U.S. Department of Health and tionship between mastitis pathogen poorly cleansed milking plants and Human Services, Food and Drug Ad¬ numbers in bulk tank milk and bo¬ farm bulk tanks. J. Appl. Bacteriol. ministration. Washington D.C. vine udder infections. J. Amer. Vet. 36:457-463. 19. Richardson, G. H. 1985. Standard Med. Assoc. 189:442-445. 14. Marshall, R. T. 1993. Standard meth¬ methods for the examination of dairy- 9. Hogan,J. S., K. L. Smith, K. H. Hoblet, ods for the examination of dairy prod¬ products, p. 412, 15th ed. American D. A. Todhunter, P. S. Schoenberger, ucts, p. 546, I6th ed. Am. Publ. Public Health AsstK'iation. Washing¬ W. D. Hueston, D. E. Pritchard, G. L. Health Assoc., Inc., Washington, Bowman, L. E. Heider, B. L. Brockett, ton DC. DC. and H. R. Conrad. 1989. Bacterial 20. Thomas, S. B. 1974. The microflora 15. McKinnon, C. H., G. J. Rowlands, counts in bedding materials used on of bulk collected milk—part 1. Dairy andA.J. Bramley. 1990. The effect of nine commercial dairies. J. Dairy Sci. Ind. Int. 39:237-240. udder preparation before milking 72:250-258. 21. Thomas, S. B., R. G. Druce, and K. P. and contamination from the milking 10. Jackson, H., and F. L. Clegg. 1965. King. 1966. The microflora of ptKirly plant on bacterial numbers in bulk Effect of preliminary incubation cleansed farm dairy- equipment. milk of eight dairy’ herds. J. Dairy- (55°F/48 hr) on the microflora of J. Appl. Bacteriol. 29:409-422. Res. 57:307-318. raw bulk tank milk with some obser¬ 22. Tolle, A. 1980. The microflora of the 16. Olson, J. C. Jr., and G. Moequat. vations of the microflora of milking udder, p.4-10. In Factors influenc¬ 1980. Milk and milk products, equipment . J. Dairy Sci. 48:407-409. ing the bacterit)logical quality of raw 11. Jeffrey, D. C., andj. Wilson. 1987. p. 470-520. In Microbial Ecology milk. Intemat. Dairy Federation Bull., Effect of mastitis-related bacteria on of Foods, Vol. II. J. H. Silliker, Document 120. the total bacteria counts of bulk milk R. P. Elliott, A. C. Baird-Parker, F. L. 23. Zehner, M. M., R. J. Farnsworth, supplies. J. Soc. Dairy Technol. Bryan, J. H. Christion. D. S. Clark, R. D. Appleman, K. Lamtz, andJ. A. 40(2):23-26. J. C. Olson, and T. A. Roberts (eds.). 12. Kurweil, R., and M. Busse. 1973. Academic Press, N.Y. Springer. 1986. Gros^th of environ¬ Total count and microflora of freshly 17. Pankey, J. W. 1989. Premilking ud¬ mental mastitis pathogens in various drawn milk. Milchwissenschaft der hygiene. J. Dairy -Sci. 72:1308- bedding materials. J. Dairy Sci. 28:427. 1312. 69:1932-1941.

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AUGUST 2000 - Dairy, Food and Environmental Sanitation 611 Dairy, Food and Environmental Sanitation, Vol. 20, No. 8, Pages 612-616 Copyright® International Association for Food Protection, 6200 Aurora Ave., Suite 200W, Des Moines, lA 50322

Hepatitis A Virus Control in Strawberry Products

Tacdesse W. Mariam ancd Dean O. Cliver*

Model experiments were per¬ SUMMARY formed to determine the effective¬ ness of certain processing steps Model experiments were performed to determine the against (HAVs) that might be present effectiveness of certain processing steps against hepatitis on strawberries and in strawberry A virus (HAV) that might be present on strawberries and products. Experiments were done in strawberry products. Washing experimentally on a laboratory scale, because safety contaminated strawberries with 2 ppm CIO^ solution considerations do not permit taking reduced measurable HAV levels by less than 70%. Heating the virus to commercial establish¬ ments or to growing sites. The study a “4+1” strawberry concentrate at 72°C for 30 s reduced was done in three phases: (1) vali¬ the measurable HAV level by 99.98%. If these findings dating recovery methods for HAV in were to be applied in a HACCP plan, the thermal process raw strawberries; (2) determining could well serve as a CCP^ (a process that eliminates the | “removal” of HAV from strawberries hazard). Designation of CIO^ disinfection as a CCP^ (a by CIO^ wash; and (3) evaluating a process that reduces the hazard) depends on a subjective heat treatment of strawberry prod¬ uct for HAV inactivation. Unless decision as to whether a 67% reduction is adequate and stated otherwise, each experiment on the accuracy of measurement active CIO^ levels in the was performed just once. wash water. MATERIALS AND METHODS This article has been peer reviewed by two professionals. Recovery methods for HAV in row strawberries INTRODUCTION The source or manner of contami¬ nation of the strawberries could not Strawberries purchased at a lo¬ Hepatitis A ranked ninth, in be determined. Considering that cal grocery were allowed to ripen, terms of numbers of foodborne ill¬ there had been two earlier frozen and the green “caps” were carefully nesses reported in the US, for the strawberry-associated outbreaks, removed. By means of a sterile period 1993-1997, the most recent which had claimed fewer victims “scoopula,” an incision was made compilation issued by the Centers (2, 8), this clearly was not a totally near the cap scar to resemble a for Disease Control and Prevention isolated event. The hepatitis A virus wound that might be made by a (9). A more recent review from the (HAV) infects only humans and is sharp thumbnail when the cap was CDC estimates that 4,170 foodborne shed only in feces (/), so these out¬ removed in the field. This wound cases of hepatitis A occur in the breaks indicate that fecal contami¬ w'as inoculated with 0.1 ml of a nation had occurred somehow. Un¬ United States annually (7). In 1997, suspension of HAV, strain HM-175 til means of preventing such con¬ over 200 people, mainly school chil¬ (provided by Dr. S. M. Lemon of the tamination are in place, the alterna¬ dren, contracted hepatitis A from tive prevention strategy is to try to University of North Carolina), con¬ frozen strawberries distributed identify Critical Control Points to taining 10^ plaque-forming units through the US Department of Agri¬ deal with the problem during pro¬ (PFU). The virus had been produced culture School Lunch Program (4). cessing. in our laboratory in the FRhK-4

612 Dairy, Food and Environmental Sonitolion - AUGUST 2000 Intenuiional Associitloo In Food Protection 1 TABLE 1. CIO, vs hepatitis A virus in/on experimentally contaminated strawberries. Runs 2 & 3 I

CIO, level Contact Neutralized Drained (mg/I) time (s) immediately 5 min

Run 2 Run 3 Run 2 Run 3

0 0 650 (0%)' 520 (0%) - -

30 600 (-8%) 450 (-14%) - -

2 15 670 (-0%) 300 (-42%) 550 (-15%) 290 (-44%)

30 480 (-26%) 1 80 (-65%) 470 (-28%) 160 (-69%)

4 15 320 (-51%) 100 (-81%) 290 (-55%) 1 10 (-79%)

30 170 (-74%) 120 (-77%) 160 (-75%) 100 (-81%)

’Plaque-forming units of surviving virus (% reduction from 0-time, 0-ppm control level)

fetal rhesus monkey (^Macaca ml of sterile, distilled deionized wa¬ e J by an apparatus lent to us by mulatto) kidney cell line (obtained ter and processed at “normal” speed Shepard Brothers, La Habra, CA; lev¬ from Dr. Theresa Cromeans, CDC, in a Stomacher lab blender No. 80 els of CIO^ were measured accord¬ Atlanta); virus levels were measured (Seward Medical Ltd., Great Suffolk, ing to their directions. The berries by the plaque technique in this same UK) for 1 min. Filtered fluid from the were removed after 15 or 30 s of im¬ cell line G). Briefly, 10-fold dilutions bag was centrifuged at 2,000 for mersion at room temperature, and of the sample in Dulbecco’s phos¬ 20 min, and the supernatant fluid one set was immediately immersed phate-buffered saline plus 2% fetal was concentrated by adsorption onto in 0.03 M Na,S^O, solution (77) to bovine serum were inoculated into a47-mm IMDS filter, elution with 10 neutralize the CIO^, whereas the re¬ duplicate 25-cm^ monolayer cell cul¬ ml of urea arginine phosphate buffer maining berries were drained for 5 tures in screw-cap plastic flasks from (UAPB), precipitation with 0.2 ml of min on a sterile sieve and then im¬ which the maintenance medium had 1 M MgCl^, and resuspension in 1 ml mersed in 0.03 M Na^S^Oj. This mod¬ been discarded. After 1 h of continu¬ Mcllvaine’s buffer, pH 5 (5). HAV eled washing at a processing facil¬ ous rocking at 37°C, the cultures was quantified by the plaque tech¬ ity, in which strawberries arriving were overlaid with 10 ml of agar-so¬ nique in FRhK-4 cell cultures. Effi¬ at the plant were washed 5 min in lidified maintenance medium and ciency of recovery was determined 2 mg/1 CIO^ and drained 5 min on incubated cell-side-up for 16 days at for: (1) whole strawberry inoculated a wire conveyor before proceeding 37°C. The agar medium was dis¬ lodged with formalin solution, and as described; (2) the top portion of a to further processing. Each sample the remaining cells were stained strawberry so inoculated; (3) the comprised a single strawberry. with crystal violet solution. Color¬ remainder (except top) of a straw¬ Experiments were also done less areas, from which cells were berry so inoculated; and (4) the same with water containing 0, 2, and 4 absent as a result of localized virus volume of sterile, distilled deionized mg/1 CIO^, to determine whether infection, were recorded as plaques. water, with no srawberry. HAV that had been washed off the A point estimate of the number of berries would be inactivated before plaque-forming units per milliliter in Removal of HAV from it could be deposited on other ber¬ the original sample was calculated strawberries by CIO^ wash ries. Water used in these experi¬ as a weighted average of plaque Strawberries commercially har¬ ments included Davis, CA, tap water numbers recorded from flasks that vested for processing were inocu¬ (which is well water distributed with¬ had fewer than 30. lated with HAV in an experimental out disinfection), water from a straw¬ The inoculated strawberry was wound as already described. Berries berry processing facility’s supply, placed in a Whirl-Pak No. B01318 were immersed in 100 ml of 0, 2, and water from the same facility (Nasco, Modesto, CA) bag with 10 and 4 mg/1 CIO^ that had been gen¬ after it had been used to wash straw-

AUGUST 2000 - Dairy, Food and Environmental Sanitation 613 ing all appeared to enhance HAV TABLE 2. CIO, vs HAV in autoclaved Davis, CA, tap water — removal, but the greatest removals control (u ntreated) suspension had 7,600 PFU/ml were only 75% and 81% in Run 2 and Run 3, respectively. Exposure CIO, level (mg/I)

Inactivation of HAV by CIO, (min) in water The results indicated that CIO, 2 4 had a significant antiviral effect against HAV inoculated on strawber¬ 15 300 (-96%)' 55 (-99%) ries, but a significant amount of the virus was still infectious after the 30 230 (-97%) 35 (-99.5%) “disinfection” treatment. To deter¬ mine the persistence of the virus in water, we first reacted HAV with 'Plaque-forming units of surviving virus (% reduction from control level) CIO, in autoclaved Davis tap water, to give a baseline set of inactivation data (Table 2). A similar experiment was done with water from the strawberry pro¬ berries for 2 h (at which point it had 5 min to reach 90.6°C. Contents of cessing plant. Some of the water was a good deal of suspended material in five replicate tubes (a total of 0.5 ml) freshly drawn (unused), whereas it and was strongly colored with were pooled to provide a single another sample was obtained after strawberry' pigment). Watersamples sample and assayed by the plaque the water had been extensively re¬ (II) with 0, 2, & 4 mg/1 CIO^ were technique. used to wash strawberries arriving inoculated with HAV at 10* PFU/ml; from the field. CIO, for this experi¬ 1 ml samples were taken at 0, 15, ment was generated by a more com¬ RESULTS and 30 min and assayed by the plaque plex procedure than had been used technique. Recovery of HAV from straw¬ in the other experiments (6), in the berries hope of obtaining more predictable Inactivation of HAV by heat Compared with the “no straw¬ levels of the disinfectant. The CIO, treatment in strawberry berry” control, 80% of the HAV in¬ levels were measured in “demand- product free” water, and equal quantities of oculated onto/into the whole straw¬ Strawberry puree(“4+1”; 4 parts CIO, were then added to the wash berry was recovered in this prelimi¬ strawberries plus 1 part sugar by water samples. Inactivations at 2 mg/ nary trial. Because recovery from weight), provided by a processor, 1 were considerably less in this trial half berries was highly variable, these was inoculated (1 ml in 100 g) with than in that involving Davis tap wa¬ were not studied further. It was later HAV at an estimated final level of 10' ter (Table 3), but contact times in observed that strawberries bought PFU/g. The pH of the product as this experiment were 15 and 30 s, at retail did not really ripen to re¬ received was 3.8; this was adjusted whereas times with the tap water semble the fruit picked for commer¬ w'ith IN citric acid or IN sodium were 15 and 30 min. It is also pos¬ cial processing. phosphate to3,3-5,and4. The prod¬ sible that the active level of CIO, was uct was dispensed (0.1 ml/tube) into less than intended; this could not be Removal of HAV from berries measured directly. polypropylene microcentrifuge by CIO, tubes No. 1405-0099 (Scientific Plas¬ tics) and placed in a Pro(>ene ther¬ In Run 1, berries were sampled Thermal inactivation of HAV mal cycler No. 63740-6 (Techne only after 30 s. Reduction of HAV at in strawberry puree [Cambridge] Ltd., Dukford, UK). 2 mg/1 CIO, was slight and may have The pH of the product appeared Temperatures of 71.7°C and 90.6°C resulted from removal of virus dur¬ to exert very little effect on the heat were tested; after the product had ing draining. The reduction was inactivation of HAV (Table 4). It was probably not due to disinfection by reached the specified temperature, reasonable to expect that no HAV CIO,, which was substantially more tubes were removed at 0,15,30, and infectivity would be detected in the effective at 4 mg/1 than at 2 mg/1, 60 s and chilled as rapidly as possible 90.6°C samples, in that 60 seconds (91% and 84% reductions, respec¬ in ice water. The temperatures in tively). at 71.7°C had inactivated all the the microcentrifuge tubes were In Runs 2 and 3, berries were virus, and the higher-temperature monitored by a thermocouple in a sampled after 15 and 30 s and then samples had spent an additional 2 tube with uninoculated product; it after 5 min of draining (Table 1). min reaching 90.6°C before timing took 3 min to reach 71.7°C and Contact time, CIO, level, and drain¬ of the process began. The starting

614 Dairy, food ond Environmental Sanitation - AUGUST 2000 TABLE 3. Effect of CIO^ on HAV in strawberry wash water

Wash Control 2 mg/I 4 mg/I

water 15 s 30 s 15 s 30 s

Unused 1.3 X 10" ' 1.1 X 10" 1.0 X 10^ 4.5 X 10^ 1.7x 103

(-15%) (-82%) (-96%) (-99%)

Used 1.5 X 10" 1.2 X 10" 1.0 X 10" 1.1 X 103 1.9 X 103

(-20%) (-67%) (-93%) (-99%)

' Level of HAV, in plaque-forming units per milliliter (% reduction from control level)

TABLE 4. Recovery of hepatitis A virus after heating in "4+1" strawberry prociuct, as plaque¬ forming units per gram

Temper- Time pH ature, (s)

°C 3.0 3.5 3.8' 4.0

4 - 2.7 X 10"

71.7 15 39 33 41 (-99.8%) 40

30 6 4 6 (-99.98%) 6

60 ND3 ND ND (>-99.996%) ND

90.6 15 ND ND ND ND

30 ND ND ND ND

60 ND ND ND ND

'Product as received (no pH modification)

^No plaque-forming units were detected levels of HAV in these experiments DISCUSSION in previous outbreaks is undeter- werehigherthanwouldbeexpected on the basis of recorded out- mined, so preventing contamination in the event of accidental contami- breaks, hepatitis A is a hazard asso- jn^risk^^ ^ of ehminat- nation of the product. If our labora- ciated with frozen strawberry prod- ' ^ present study was intended tory model experiments are reason- ucts. The risk (defined as probabil- evaluate certain processing steps ably representative of this pasteur- ity of occurrence) is small but not as critical control points (CCPs) for ization process, there is a consider- negligible. Furthermore, how the strawberry products. It should be able margin of HAV safety in it. strawberries became contaminated recognized that the HAV used was a

AUGUST 2000 - Dairy, Food and Environmental Sanitation 615 laboratory strain and that measure¬ applied and a food safety hazard can lanta, GA. Hepatitis Surveillance, Report No. 24:12,13,16-19. ments by the plaque technique in be prevented, eliminated, or reduced 3. Deng, M. Y., S. P. Day, and D. O. cell culture are not the same as feed¬ to acceptable levels.” As already Cliver. 1994. Detection of hepatitis ing the treated product to a con¬ stated, there is no known CCP for A virus in environmental samples by sumer. It is also true that the labora¬ preventing the HAV hazard. The heat antigen-capture polymerase chain re¬ tory bench is not a food processing treatment can probably be regarded action. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 60:1927-1933. facility. Nevertheless, the results pre¬ as a “CCP^” (CCP that eliminates the sented are, we believe, the best that 4. Hutin, Y. J., V. Pool, E. H. Cramer, hazard), but washing the incoming O. V. Nainan, J. Weth, 1. T. Williams, could be achieved in the face of the strawberries with 2 mg/1 CIO^ is at S. T. Goldstein, K. F. Gensheimer, attendant technical and safety con¬ best a “CCP_.” (CCP that reduces the B. P. Bell, C. N. Shapiro, M. J. Alter, straints. They are the best available hazard). It is also important to note andH.S.Margolis. 1999. A multistate, bases for whatever decisions need foodborne outbreak of hepatitis that temperature can be measured to be made, and they are likely to A. New Engl. J. Med. 340:595-602. reliably, whereas measurement of remain so for quite some time. 5. Jothikumar, N., D. O. Cliver, and CIO^ levels is problematic, and accu¬ T. W. Mariam. 1998. Immunomag- Strawberries received at the rate measurement is essential in the netic capture PCR for rapid concen¬ plant are washed on arrival with tration and detection of hepatitis A establishing of critical limits at a cho¬ water intended to contain 2 mg/1 of virus from environmental samples. sen CCP. CIO^. This treatment significantly Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 64:504- reduced the level of HAV, though 508. never by more than 70%, in three ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 6. Korich, D. G., J. R. Mead, M. S. Madore, N. A. Sinclair, and C. R. experiments. We had difficulty in Sterling. 1990. Effects of ozone, chlo¬ determining the level of CIO^ accu¬ This study was supported by two anonymous food corporations. rine dioxide, chlorine, and mono¬ rately, and we assume that the same chloramine on Cryptosporidium We thank Marta Gezahegn, Richard problem occurs at the processing parvum oocyst viability. Appl. plant. Peterson, Mulugeta Tamene, and Environ. Microbiol. 56:1423-1428. CIO^ at 2 ppm was more effec¬ Mulu Mengistab for their technical 7. Mead, P S., L. Slutsker, V. Dietz, L. E. tive against HAV in Davis tap water assistance. McCaig, J. S. Bresee, C. Shapiro, P. M. Griffin, and R. V. Tauxe. 1999. than in the processing plant water Food-related illness and death in the during 15 and 30 min exposures (far ABOUT THE AUTHORS United States. Emerging Infect. Dis. longer than the contact times in 5:607-625. strawberry processing). Its effective¬ *World Health Organization Col¬ 8. Niu, M. T., L. B. Polish, B. H. ness was less with 15 and 30 s con¬ laborating Center for Food Virology, Robertson, B. K. Khanna, B. A. Wo

616 Dairy, Food and Environmental Sanitation - AUGUST 2000 Dairy, Food and Environmental Sanitation, Vol. 20, No. 8, Pages 617-620 Copyright® International Association for Food Protection, 6200 Aurora Ave., Suite 200W, Des Moines, lA 50322

ATP Bioluminescence: A Rapid Indicator for Environmental Hygiene and Microbial Quality of Meats

Jinru Chen

of North America (8). The enzyme SUMMARY is a bisubunit protein with a molecu¬ lar weight of 62 KDa (8). To verily SSOPs and HACCP programs, detect generic The firefly bioluminescence as¬ E. coli, and monitor Salmonella in slaughterhouses and say is an energy-consuming process meat or poultry processing plants, real time on-line tests in which, as in many biochemical are needed. The ATP bioluminescence assay is a rapid reactions, ATP provides the energy. In addition to requiring ATP, firefly method that uses firefly luciferase and its substrate, luciferase needs luciferin, mole¬ luciferin, to measure cellular ATP quantitatively. Because cular oxygen, and magnesium. In the level of ATP in a system reflects the number of the initial step, an adenyl group is metabolically active cells, the ATP assay can be used for transferred from ATP to the carboxyl rapid assessment of environmental hygiene, product group of luciferin to form luciferyl adenylate, with elimination of inor¬ quality, and HACCP management. Compared with ganic pyrophosphate (Reaction 1). traditional microbiological tests, the ATP bioluminescence The luciferase-AMP complex subse¬ assay has certain advantages and is suitable for real time quently reacts with molecular oxy¬ on-line testing. Some of the limitations associated with gen to yield light (Reaction 2) (15). The peak emission of firefly biolu¬ the assay may be overcome through additional research. minescence is at 560nm, with emis- Sion waveiengtns ranging trom ‘jou to 630nm (15).

ATP AND ATP soon after its formation, to adenos¬ Reaction I: BIOLUMINESCENCE ine diphosphate (A DP) and adenos¬ E + LH^ + ATP + Mg => ATP is a nucleotide containing ine monophosphate (AMP), with E*LH^-AMP + ppi three basic subunits: adenine, ribose, subsequent release of energy (24). Reaction 2: and a triphosphate. The two- One way to measure the level of phosphanhydride bonds in the triph¬ ATP is by use of luciferase, an en¬ E-LH,-AMP + 0, => osphate part make ATP an energy- zyme catalyzing light emission. The Oxyluciferin + CO^ + AMP rich molecule. However, the energy most extensively studied and com¬ light associated with ATP cannot be monly used luciferase is from stored; in water, ATP is converted. photinus pyralis, a common firefly E represents the enzyme, lu-

Intenuiwul Asskuikm Ik Food Protection AUGUST 2000 - Doiry, Food and Environmental Sanitation 617 ciferase; LH^ represents the ASSAY TIME, DETECTION plant-specific or process-specific luciferase substrate, iuciferin. LIMIT, AND PORTABILITY SSOPs and HACCP are only the pre¬ liminary steps. To verify the ad¬ In contrast to traditional moni¬ equacy and effectiveness of the pro¬ ATP AS AN INDICATION OF toring methods, the A'fP biolumines¬ grams, direct observation or testing MICROBIAL CONTAMIN¬ cence assay is rapid, and test results is required. Routinely, on-line moni¬ ATION can be obtained in minutes (1,3, 19, toring is done through measurement 20). This speed makes the ATP as¬ of physical or chemical parameters Generated during cell metabo¬ say highly desirable for on-line moni¬ such as temperature and time of lism, ATP is synthesized in cells and toring. Making the assay more prac¬ treatment or product pH (13)- Al¬ disappears within about 2 hours af¬ tical for use by the food industry, though these parameters can give an ter cell death (14). Therefore, the many portable models of lumino- indication of operating conditions presence of cellular ATP is an indi¬ meters that allow the assay to be and product quality, they do not in¬ cation of cell viability. In the firefly performed conveniently on site are dicate the level of microbial contami¬ nation. To obtain valid information, bioluminescence assay, the amount available. microbiological tests are sometimes of ATP consumed is proportional to The minimum numbers of cells needed. However, standard micro¬ the amount of light generated (13)- detectable by the ATP biolumines¬ biological methods may not be suit¬ Because the level of ATP in certain cence assay are between 10' and 10* able because of the time required for CFU/ml (4, 22, 23). Although the cells is fairly constant, i.e., 10 '” to test results to become available. test is relatively sensitive, this detec¬ 10 '^ mole/bacterial cell (25), the 'Fhe ATP bioluminescence assay tion level may be insufficient when amount of light generated in the re¬ has been proven to be a useful tool action is proportional to the num¬ lower numbers of cells must be de¬ for monitoring environmental hy¬ ber of metabolically active cells in tected (11). To reach the goal of a giene. When it was used to evaluate lower detection limit, researchers in the assay system. the effectiveness of cleaning and sani¬ the United Kingdom have modified The ATP bioluminescence assay tizing of meat slicers, a strong corre¬ the ATP bioluminescence assay by was developed in the 1960s for use lation was observed between results targeting cellular adenylate kinase in studies seeking life in outer space achieved by use of the ATP biolumi¬ and A DP instead of measuring the nescence assay and results with con¬ (5). llie technique was later adapted level of ATP directly (21). Adenylate ventional swabbing techniques (17). for detecting microorganisms in kinase, an enzyme present in virtu¬ The ATP assay gave a better indica¬ food (18). Currently, ATP biolumi¬ ally all living cells, catalyzes the fol¬ tion of cleanliness because it was nescence is widely used for the rapid lowing equilibrium reaction: capable of detecting meat residues assessment of processing conditions on slicers that had not been cleaned and microbial contamination of ATP AMP 2ADP properly. The ATP bioluminescence food. It has also found applications assay was also compared with plate in monitoring environmental hy¬ By introducing purified ADP counts in evaluating the possible giene and critical control points into the assay system, the reaction transfer of £. co//0157:H7 from con¬ (CC-Ps) in Hazard Analysis and Criti¬ is driven in the direction of addi¬ taminated ground beef to grinding equipment (9), the inactivation of cal (a)ntrol Points (H ACCP) manage¬ tional ATP generation. The en¬ bacterial cells during cleaning and ment. hanced level of ATP is then detected sanitizing treatments (9), and the The ATP bioluminescence assay by the firefly bioluminescence assay. effectiveness of disinfection of cut¬ involves four basic steps: sample col¬ This modified ATP assay was re¬ ting boards in a microwave oven lection by swabbing contaminated ported to have a minimum detection (16). There was about 30% disagree¬ level of 10^ CFU/ml (21, 22). surfaces or rinsing samples; sep¬ ment between the ATP assay and aration of microbial cells from food¬ standard plate counts (13), usually stuff by use of filtration or centri¬ MEAT-RELATED APPLICATIONS caused by the presence of food fugation; extraction of microbial ATP residues on examined areas or with detergents; and light measure¬ Hygiene monitoring nonvegetative microbial cells and/ ment by use of the luciferase-luciferin Under the regulations on patho¬ or injured microorganisms in tested complex and a luminometer. The gen reduction and HACCP systems, samples (13). luciferase-luciferin complex and the established by the Food Safety and Product quality other reagents needed for the assay Inspection Service (FSIS) (10), all are commercially available, and some plants in the United States that pro¬ ATP bioluminescence has been of the systems have been evaluated cess meat and poultry are required used in assessing microbial quality (7). Information on commercial ATP to establish plant-specific Sanitation of animal carcasses, including poul¬ hygiene monitoring systems has Standard Operating Procedures try, pork, and beef. Microorganisms been reviewed by Griffiths (13) and (SSOPs). Strictly speaking, the devel¬ were washed off meat surfaces with more recently by Chen (6). opment and implementation of a rinsing fluid (2). Somatic cells in

618 Dairy, Food ond Environmental Sanitation - AUGUST 2000 the rinsing waters were lysed with a Pathogen detection ABOUT THE AUTHOR detergent. The lysate was filtered A regulation of the FSIS requires twice, first through a rough filter to Center for Food Safety and Qual¬ slaughterhouses and meat or poul¬ remove animal tissues and then ity Enhancement, The University of try processing plants to test for gen¬ through a fine membrane that re¬ Georgia, Griffin, GA 30223-1797; eric coli, momtor Salmonella, and tained microbial cells. Microbial ATP USA, Phone: 770.412.4738; Fax: maintain detailed records of safety was subsequently extracted and 770.229.3216; E-mail: jchen@cfsqe. inspection (10). Most official proto¬ measured. The assay took 15 min griffin.peachnet.edu. and could detect 10^ CFU/g of poul¬ cols for detecting foodbome patho¬ try meat. The ATP assay developed gens are based on standard micro¬ REFERENCES by Siragusa et al. (19, 20) detected biological methods, for which rela¬ 1. Bautista, D. A., R. Clarke, J. P. microbial ATP specifically. A 500- tively long times are required. Some¬ cm^ area of beef or 50-cm^ area of Vaillancourt, S. Renwick, and M. W. times products are already on the Griffiths. 1994. Adenosine triphos¬ pork carcasses, respectively, were shelf when test results become avail¬ phate bioluminescence as a method swabbed with a sponge that was able. The speed of ATP assays can to determine microbial levels in scald ATP free and moistened with so¬ circumvent this possibility. Unfortu¬ and chill tanks at a poultry abattoir. matic-cell lysing agent. After the non- Poultry Sci. 73:1673-1678. nately, the low specificity of the microbial ATP was extracted and 2. Bautista, D. A., R. Clarke, J. P. removed, the microbial ATP was assay prevents it from being used Vaillancourt, S. Renwick, and M. W. isolated and assayed. The procedure, directly as a rapid method to detect Griffiths. 1995a. The rapid assess¬ which was completed in 5 min, had specific pathogens in food. How¬ ment of the microbial quality of poul¬ a detection level of 10^-10^ CFU/cm^ ever, combined with techniques try carcasses. J. FcmmI Prot. 58:551- 554. of carcasses. Smaller areas of beef such as immunomagnetic separation 3. Bautista, D. A., K. W. F. Jericho, and carcasses (5 cm^ were sampled by or bacteriophage lysis, ATP biolumi¬ M. W. Griffiths. 1995b. Evaluation of Bautista et al. (3)- Microbial cells nescence assays can be used for adenosine triphosphate (ATP) biolu¬ were separated from the rinsing fluid detecting specific pathogens such minescence for estimating bacteria by filtration. The ATP from 10‘ CFU/ as E. coli and/or Salmonella spp. on surface of beef carcasses, p. 54- cm^ was detected with this proce¬ 57. In). Buchanan-Smith (ed).. Beef dure. research update 1994. University of LIMITATIONS Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada. 4. Bla.sco, R., M. J. Murphy, M. F. Sand¬ HACCP The major drawback of ATP ers, and D. J. Squirrell. 1998. Spe¬ Monitoring and record keeping bioluminescence is its sensitivity to cific assay for bacteria using phage are two important steps in HACCP various environmental factors. Be¬ mediated release of adenylate kina.se. J. Appl. Microbiol. 84:661-666. management, which provides infor¬ cause it uses an enzyme, the ATP 5. Chappelle, E. W., and G. V. Levin. mation on whether potential haz¬ assay is sensitive to pH and tempera¬ 1968. Use of the firefly biolumines¬ ards are under control and whether ture. Industry cleaners or sanitizers cence reaction for the rapid detec¬ corrective actions are necessary. can either enhance or quench the tion and counting of bacteria. The ATP bioluminescence assay has bioluminescence signal, causing false Bkx;hem. Med. 2:41-52. been evaluated as a rapid test for positive or false negative results (26). 6. Chen, J. In press. Contemporar>' monitoring CCPs in poultry process¬ monitoring meth(xls./wG. E. Rtxlrick Commercial sanitizers containing ing plants (3). Samples were col¬ and R. H. Schmidt (ed). Current is¬ lactic acid, trisodium phosphate, hy¬ lected from various CCPs in poultry sues in food safety. John Wiley & drogen peroxide, or trichlosan have processing plants by swabbing Sons, Inc. N.Y. 7. Colquhoun, K. O., S. Timms, and chicken carcasses. ATP extracted been shown to affect light measure¬ C. R. Fricker. 1998. A simple method from the chicken rinsing waters was ment negatively when the sanitizers for the comparison of commercially come into contact with the ATP as¬ assayed by use of the luciferase- available ATP hygiene-monitoring luciferin complex. The test took say reagents (12). False positive re¬ systems. J. Food Prot. 61:499-501. 2 min to complete. ATP levels on sults can also be caused by ATP of 8. DeWet,J.R.,K.V.W(xxl,M.DeLuca, chicken carcasses increased after nonmicrobial sources. However, this and D. R. Helinski. 1987. Firefly lu- evisceration but decreased to low problem can be overcome by using ciferase gene: Structure and expres¬ sion in mammalian cells. Mol. Cell. levels after the pre-chill and chill different extractants in a two-step Biol. 7:725-737. treatments. The microbial quality of lysis to extract ATP selectively from poultry processing waters was also 9. Farrell, B. L., A. B. Ronner, and A. C. either microbial or somatic cells (13)- L. Wong. 1998. Attachment of Es¬ monitored by the ATP biolumines¬ Somatic ATP is extracted first and cherichia coli 0157:H7 in ground cence assay. A 15-min procedure subsequently removed by a filter beef to meat grinders and survival developed by Griffiths’ group in after sanitation with chlorine and device; the ATP from the microbial Canada has provided an on-line moni¬ peroxyacetic acid. J. Food Prot. toring test that allows water usage cells retained in the device is subse¬ 61:817-822. in poultry processing plants to be quently extracted and assayed (19, 10. FSIS. 1996. Final rule on pathogen minimized (1). 20). reduction and hazard analysis and

AUGUST 2000 - Dairy, Food and Environmental Sanitation 619 critical control point (HACCP) sys¬ 17. Seeger,K., and M.W. Griffiths. 1994. 22. Squirrell, D. J., and M. J. Murphy. tem. US Department of Agriculture. Adenosine triphophaste biolumines¬ 1997. Rapid detection of very low Wa.shington D.C. cence for hygiene monitoring in numbers of microorganisms using 11. FSIS. 1999. Poultry products inspec¬ health care institution. J. Food Prot. adenylate kinase as a cell marker, tion regulations. P. 72. 9CFR381. US 57:509-512. p. 107-113. In P. E. Stanley, Department of Agriculture. Wash¬ 18. Sharp, A. N., M. N. Woodrow, and R. Smither, and W. J. Simpson (ed). ington D.C. A. K. Jackson. 1970. Adenosine triph¬ A practical guide to industrial uses of 12. Green, T. A., S. M. Russell, and D. L. osphate (ATP) levels in foods con¬ ATP luminescence in rapid microbi¬ Fletcher. 1998. Effect of chemical taminated with bacteria. J. Appl. ology. (;ara Technology Limited. Sur¬ sanitizing agents on ATP biolumi¬ Bacteriol. 33:758-767. rey, U. K. nescence measurements. J. Food 19. Siragu.sa, G. R., and C. N. (Titter. 23. Stanley, P. E. 1989. A review of bi- Prot. 61:1013-1017. 1995. Microbial ATP biolumines¬ oluminescent ATP techniques in 13. Griffiths, M. W. 1996. The role of cence as means to detect contamina¬ rapid microbiology. J. Biolumines¬ ATP bioluminescence in the food tion on artificially contaminated beef cence and Chemiluminescence. industr>-: new light on old problems. carcasses. J. Food Prot. 58:764-769. 4:375-1380. Food Technol. 6:62-72. 20. Siragusa, G. R., C. N. Cutter, W. J. 24. Stry'er, L. 1995. Metabolic energy: 14. Jay, J. M. 1992. Physical, chemical Dorse, and M. Kohhmaraie. 1995. generation and storage, p. 75. In and immunologic methods, p. 136. Use of a rapid microbial ATP bio- L. Stryer (ed). Biochemistr>’, 4th ed. In], M. Jay (ed). Modem food micro¬ lumine.scence assay to detect con¬ W. H. Freeman & Company, N.Y. biology, 4th ed. Van Nostrand tamination on beef and pork car¬ 25. Thore, A., S. Ansehn, A. Lundin, and Reinhold, N.Y. casses. J. Food Prot. 58:770-775. S. Bergman. 1975. Detection of bac¬ 15. McElroy, W. D., and M. DeLuca. 21. Squirell, D. J., and M. J. Murphy. teria by luciferase assay of adenosine 1985. Chemistry of firefly lumines¬ 1995. Adenylate kinase as a cell triphosphate. J. Clin. Microbiol. cence, p. \\\. In J. G. Burr (ed). maker in bioluminescence assays, 1:1-8. C.hemiluminescence and biolumin¬ p. 486-489. In A. K. (Campbell L. J. 26. Velazquez, M., and J. M. Feirtag. escence. Marcel Dekker., Inc. N.Y. Kricka, E. J. and P. E. Stanley (ed). 1997. Quenching and enhancement 16. Park, P. K., and D. O. Cliver. 1996. Bioluminescence and chemilumines¬ effects of ATP extractants, cleans¬ Disinfection of hou.sehold cutting cence: fundamental and applied ers, and sanitizers on the detection boards with a microwave oven. aspects. John Wiley & Sons. of the ATP biolumine.scence signal. J. Food Prot. 59:1049-1054. Chichester. J. Food Prot. 60:799-803.

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Reader Service No. 108 Reader Service No. 148

620 Dairy, Food and Environmental Sanitation - AUGUST 2000 International Assnciatinn fnr Food Protection

Callyor Nominations 2001 Secretary

A representative from education will be elected in the spring of 2001 to serve as lAFP Secretary for the year 2001-2002,

Send letters of nomination along with a biographical sketch to the Nominations Chairperson: P. C. Vasavada University of Wisconsin College of Agriculture Animal and Food Science Department 410 S. 3rd Street River Falls, W1 54022-5001 Phone: 715.425.3150 Fax: 715.425.3785 E-mail: [email protected]

The Secretary-Elect is determined by a majority of votes cast through a mail vote taken in the spring of 2001. Official Secretary duties begin at the conclusion of the 2001 Annual Meeting. The elected Secretary serves as a Member of the Executive Board for a total of five years succeeding to President, then serving as Past President, For information regarding requirements of the position, contact David Tharp, Executive Director at 800.369.6337 or 515.276,3344; Fax: 515.276.8655; E-mail: [email protected].

AUGUST 2000 - Dairy, Food and Environmental Sanitation 621 NewMembers

BRAZIL UNITED KINGDOM Colorado Moriza Londgraf Carys Wyn Davies John C. Gerdes IJnivcrsidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo University of Wales Institute, Xtrana, Inc., Denver Cardiff, South Ctlamorgan CANADA Jack S. Ikeda Wendy A. Harrison Colorado State Univ., Fort Collins Debra L. Bradshaw University of Wales Institute, Jarret D. Stopfarth Zep Manufacturing Cardiff, South Glamorgan Colorado State Univ., Fort Collins Brampton, Ontario Karen Middleton Delaware Judy Greig University of Wolverhampton Health Canada, Ciuelph, Ontario Wolverhampton, West Midlands Jeff G. Banks DuPont Qualicon, Wilmington Oinny Moore Mario Ouellon University of Wales Institute, Aliments Ultima Foods M. C. DeUi^ Cardiff, South Glamorgan Granby, Quebec' - Procter & Gamble Dover Wipes UNITED STATES ^ Co., Dover CHINA Laure Kenyon \ Margaret J. Burnett Alabama DuPont Qualicon, Wilmington Hong Kong University Michael A. Davis Discovery Bay, Lantau Island Auburn University, Auburn District of .^lumbia Mary M. Bender > Frederick C. Leung Joshua B. Gurtler US Food and Drug Administration University of Hong Kong Auburn University, Aubirni Hong Kong y K;j Washington ^ Tam L. Mai Tim Weigner Doris K. F. Wo Auburn University, Auburn r X University of Hong Kong Food Marketing Institute Pokfularri, Hong Kong Christine A. Sundermann Washington Auburn University, Auburn FRANCE Florida Lei Zhang Henry J. Ledon Auburn University, Auburn Roy E. Costa Air Liquide, Paris FoodSafe Solutions, Deland Arizona GERMANY Ken Jay Norma Miller AVI, Miami Fritz G. Jumpp AZ Dept, of Ag, Phoenix US Army, APO AE Enrique Perez Arkansas IICA, Miami IRELAND James W. Micik t- Alfred P. Pistorio Gillian Ann Francis Rogers Florida Dept, of Business & Profes¬ University of Limerick, Limerick sional Regulation, Boynton Beach Pamela L. Micik SAUDI ARABIA Consumer Testing Laboratories Sharon D. Windsor Rogers DARDEN Restaurants, Inc., Ather Qureshi Orlando Saudi Airlines Catering, Jeddah Rong Y. Murphy University of Arkansas, Fayetteville SPAIN Georgia Dawn M. Birt Armed Forces Manuela Hernandez-Herrero University of Georgia, Athens Universitat Autonoma de David S. Carlson Barcelona, Bellaterra lOG Med Detachment, APO AP Robert W. Brooks Woodson-Tenent Laboratories THAILAND California Gainesville

Kwantawee V. Paukatong Barbara L. Admans Sarah L. Holliday Biotec Yothi Laboratory, Bangkok CKE Restaurants, Mission Viejo University of Georgia, Griffin

622 Dairy, Food and Environmental Sanitation - AUGUST 2000 Stephen J. Kenney Maryland Nebraska University of Georgia, Griffin Barbara S. Bennett Mauricio Castelo William R. Kesegi I. M.I.C., Brookeville USDA-ARS MARC, Clay Center Rich-SeaPak Corp., Brunswick Mark W. LaVorgna Divya Jaroni Meggan K. McCrorey Perdue Farms, Inc., Salisbury' University of Nebraska-Lincoln Tip Top Poultry, Inc., Rockmart Lincoln Massachusetts Andrea B. SeidI Jason E. Mann Caroline E. Cronin Morrison Mgmt Spec., Smyrna BJ’s Wholesale ChrtrrBeUiagham University of Nebraska-Lincoln Lincoln Ken Stieren Henry Morgan Orkin Pest Control, Atlanta Shaw’s Supermarkets, Inc. Marcos X. Sanchez ifhi^rsity of Nebraska-Lincoln Monna Thompson East Bridgewater \ Lincoln, Silliker laboratories of Georgia Michigan C Stone Mountain ^ • isr Jayne E. Stratton Teresa J. Breckt University of J'Jebraska-Lincoln Fone Mao Wu MI Dept, of Agriculture, Shepherd Lincoln CDC/CFSQE, Griffin .> * Amy B. Brawn ' New Jersey Illinois MI Dept, of Agriculture, Belding", Michael E. Hollander Scott Holstein Diane Miller Kim & Scott’s Gourmet Pretzels Hollander Horizon, Princeton Cherry Central, Inc., Traverse City Chicago New York , J. D. Park jr Steven Huntoon MI Dept, of Agriculture, Lansing Gregory P. Fingar « Fresh Express, Franklin Park Patco Management, Liverpool Anna Marie Rodriguez Richard R. Wood Earthgrains, Grand RapidS ^Pennsylvania Food Animal Concerns Trust, C^hicago ^Dqyid N. Colvin - Minnesota ^ H. J. Rebtifo., Pittsburgh Kun Zhu Mary O'Flaherty Illinois State IJniv., Normal" Experior Assessments, St. Paul Oscar J. Clouthier Better Baked Foods^ Inc. Iowa Sharon Stewart T * Northeast Univ. of Minnesota-Crookston Norma A. Chance Crookston Bob Colvin C>onAgra Frozen Foods Sniiker Laboratories Group Council Bluffs Jeffrey Varcoe Sinking Spring Univecsity of Minnesota^ St. Paul Makuba A. Lihono Tennessee , Iowa State Univ., Ames C. Zook University of Minnesota, St. Paul Hanna L. Po^r Kansas Gate G^ufipet, Germantown Missouri Beth A. Crozier-Dodson WilUe TcTyl or Kansas State Univ., Riley Lesly J. Forsberg Uniyv<)f Tennessee, Knoxville Kansas City Health Dept. Kentucky Kansas City Yexas Andrew Dawson Michael C. Hershley ■ ' ' " Amanda Ballard TN Valley DVC, Ft. Campbell Kansa.s: City Health DeptT^ Dairy Farmers of America, Louisiana Kansas City Sulphur Springs Dwayne D. Eymard Chuck Jolley Elizabeth Duffy Diversifed Foods & Seas., Metairie Sosland Publishing, Kansas City Texas A & M Univ., College Station

New Sustaining Members

Trevor R. Hopkins Siri Mathiesen Applied Research Institute Genpoint AS Newtown, CT Oslo, Norway

AUGUST 2000 - Daiiy, Food and Environmental Sonitotion 623 UpDates

Copesan Announces 1\ivo management and their employees Chr. Hansen Introduces more than 100 classes each year. Shannon Neuens New Strategic Account Drabek began his career with Managers Borden, and later joined Hillside Chr. Hansen is pleased to introduce Shannon Neuens as opesan is pleased to Dairy in sales and marketing. In C the newest member of our team of announce that Steve Romero 1994 Drabek became director of dairy professionals. Shannon is the and Bernie Cox have been ap¬ distribution for Borden/Meadow product manager for specialty pointed to the positions of strate¬ Gold where he managed and products, and will be responsible gic account managers. In this role, restructured the entire distribu¬ for antibiotic test kits sales and Steve assumes responsibility for tion system for 66 centers covering service. Shannon will also assist the West Coast, based in San 21 states. Drabek, a native of in the market development of Antonio, TX and Bernie assumes Columbus, OH, is a graduate of other specialty product lines. responsibility for the Midwest, Ohio State University. based in St. Louis, MO. Steve is Shannon has a M.S. in business administration from Cardinal an A IB certified quality control Bell Laboratories, Inc. sanitarian and has been in the Stritch University, Milwaukee, pest management industry for Adds Corporate Recruiter- WI. Shannon has been a valued ten years. Bernie is licensed and Tt’alner to Sales Team employee of Chr. Hansen for over state certified in Maryland, Texas, five years, with his latest assign¬ ell Laboratories has recently Florida, Alabama, and Mississippi B ment as the special projects added the position of corpo¬ and offers 21 years of experience scientist. Shannon developed new rate recruiter and sales trainer to in the pest management industry. culture concepts and systems for its sales team. Based out of Bell’s the North American Cheese and headquarters in Madison, WI, Grade A businesses. Quality Chekd Dairies, Inc. Jamie Root has taken on this post, where he facilitates hiring and Hires Steve Drabek as preparing new technical sales Hueck Foils Announces Director of Education and representatives for the field. Drganizational Changes Training Previously based out of Atlanta, GA, Root worked for more to Accomodate Market Quality Chekd Dairies, Inc. than six years as a Bell technical Growth has hired Steve Drabek as sales representative for the South¬ ueck Foils President, George director of education and training. east. Bell has recently assigned H Thibeault, Jr., has added two Drabek will replace Ed Cotner, two representatives instead of one who has served as director for to cover Root’s former Southeast new staff members and promoted seven years. Cotner, a 19-year territory. two key executives in response to veteran of Quality Chekd, will With his seasoned sales market growth. retire in March 2001. experience and technical knowl¬ Larry Snyder has been appoint¬ As director of education and edge, Root is well-qualified for his ed director of manufacturing, and training, Drabek will develop and new position. “I have all the will assume responsibility for the implement programs to ensure product knowledge,” said Root. production and operations at the Quality Chekd Dairies continue to “And I know how to grow the Hueck Foils manufacturing facility meet consumer needs. business by selling and by building in Columbia, SC. Snyder previously Drabek also will be respon¬ relationships with distributors and held managerial positions in pro¬ sible for conducting Quality end-users,” he added. duction and development at Chekd’s “COW TECH” training Root holds a bachelor’s degree Rexham Corporation. institute, a premier dairy training in marketing from University of Rosalyn White has been program in the United States, Wisconsin at Eau Claire. He is a promoted to the position of quality offering Quality Chekd dairy native of Argyle, WI. assurance manager, and will be

624 Dairy, Food and Environmental Sanitatian - AUGUST 2000 responsible for production quality markets. He will be responsible for j menting the global marketing plan at the Hueck Foils manufacturing key accounts within the healthcare I for Carlisle Sanitary Maintenance facility in Columbia, SC. White, industry. I Products. previously responsible for quality ! Marten has a bachelor’s degree control systems, joined Hueck I in marketing from University of Foils in 1997 at the initial start-up Carlisle Sanitary I Wisconsin. of the plant. Maintenance Products Mary Haigney has been promoted to the position of Announces New Product Alfa Laval Flow Inc. healthcare sales representative, | Manager Names New Materials Northeast Region. Haigney, an arlisle Sanitary Maintenance employee since the start up of US C Manager Products, a division of Carlisle sales operations in 1990, most an Ouimet, of Milwaukee, WI Foodservice Products, has an¬ recently was responsible for has accepted the position of nounced Christine Marten as new customer service and logistics. j materials manager at Alfa Laval Paul Mangano has been product manager. i Flow Inc. appointed as healthcare sales exe¬ Marten brings to Carlisle I Dan brings over 12 years of cutive, Eastern Region. Mangano, Sanitary Maintenance Products 13 j purchasing experience and most recently employed by QPS, years experience in marketing, 1 product management to his new Virginia, offers extensive knowl¬ sales, and management in the floor role. His responsibilities include edge and industry background in covering industry. In her new I managing the planning, material the pharmaceutical and healthcare position, Marten will be imple- i control and purchasing functions.

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AUGUST 2000 - Dairy, Food and Environmental Sanitation 625 3-A Symbol Council 62 of the 461 cases. Eleven cases were resistant to four or fewer Defines Recertification antimicrobials, one resistant to Program five, three to six, and two to seven. Fourteen were designated as fully he 3-A Sanitary Standards n sensitive, although nine Symbol Administrative of these were tested against six Council, in response to antimicrobials rather than the inquiries from equipment manu¬ range of 11 monitored by Enter¬ facturers, dairy processor-users of net. The remaining 31 isolates equipment and sanitarians has gave intermediate results to at least defined the process for granting one of the antimicrobials tested. Council authorization to apply the Although the risk of acquiring 3-A Symbol on re-built equipment. typhoid fever in the United States Modified or re-built dairy and other developed countries equipment bearing the 3-A Symbol remains low, drug resistance among may not meet 3-A Sanitary Stan¬ Salmonella typhi is increasing. dards. If this equipment has been A cross sectional laboratory-based modified or re-built, the 3-A surveillance study reported in Symbol Council has no means JAMA estimated the incidence of determining if all provisions of infections with antimicrobial- of 3-A Standards have been met. resistant 5. typhi and identified Therefore, purchasers of used, Surveillance of Infect¬ risk factors for infection. The modified or re-built equipment results suggest that ciprofloxacin can only be assured that such ion with Salmonella and ceftriaxone are appropriate standards have been complied typhi in Europe and empirical treatment for suspected typhoid fever, but resistance may with if the seller provides verifi¬ the United States cation from the 3-A Symbol be anticipated. Continued monitor¬ ing of antimicrobial resistance Council that an authorization n Europe, the main risk among S. typhi strains will help has been granted to use the 3-A factor for infection with determine vaccination and treat¬ Symbol for the individual piece Salmonella typhi is travel, ment policies. S. typhi isolates and of equipment. Such authorization particularly to the Indian subconti¬ epidemiological information from will be granted to the re-seller nent. Similarly, while the levels of resistance to the antibiotics of 293 people with symptomatic upon successful application for choice (ciprofloxacin and third typhoid fever were submitted to authorization to the 3-A Symbol generation cephalosporins) are US public health departments and Council. In the application, it must low, resistance can and does occur. laboratories from 1 June 1996 to be demonstrated that the equip¬ Surveillance of salmonellosis, 31 May 1997. Altogether, 228 ment has been modified, re-built including antimicrobial resistance patients were admitted to hospital or remanufactured to meet the testing, is needed to monitor the for a mean duration of seven days, applicable 3-A Standards. An appli¬ evolution of antimicrobial resis¬ and two died. In the six weeks cation must be made for each piece tance, and to provide clinicians, before becoming ill, 216 had of equipment covered, stating both public health physicians, and travelled to India, Pakistan, model and serial numbers. If the policymakers with up-to-date Bangladesh, or Haiti. Fifty-three requirements are not met, the information. The Enternet inter¬ patients had acquired typhoid 3-A Symbol is invalid and shall be national Salmonella database for fever in the US. Seventy-four removed from the equipment. 1999, which includes data from isolates of S. typhi were found Further information about the all 15 countries of the European to be resistant to one or more 3-A Sanitary Standards Symbol Union plus Switzerland, Australia antimicrobial agents, 51 showed Administrative Council and its and the Czech Republic, contains multi-drug resistance to ampicillin, programs that authorize use of the records of 127 to 278 human cases chloramphenicol, and trimetho- 3-A Symbol on equipment meeting of salmonellosis, 461 (0.36%) of primsulphisoxazole. Although 3-A Standards is available from the whom were infected with Salmo¬ the number of reported cases 3-A Sanitary Standards Symbol nella typhi. Travel details were of typhoid fever in the US has Administrative Council, 1500 recorded for 198 of these cases - remained fairly stable for 20 years Second Avenue S.E., Suite 209, Indian subcontinent 114 cases the sources of infection and Cedar Rapids, lA 52403; Phone: (58%), Papua New Guinea 17 (9%), patterns of antimicrobial resis¬ 319.286.9221; Fax: 319.286.9290; Indonesia 14 (7%) and Tunisia 13 tance have changed. The propor¬ E-mail: [email protected], or visit the (7%), other countries six cases or tion of cases attributed to expo¬ Council’s Web site: zeus.ia.net/ fewer. The results of antimicrobial sure on the Indian subcontinent "aaasansb. resistance testing are available for increased from 25% in 1985 to

626 Dairy, Food and Environmental Sanitation - AUGUST 2000 57% in the study reported. From VT2 with the same resistance type brown in the middle before it has 1985 to 1989, 0.6% of US strains as the human and milk filter iso¬ reached a safe internal tempera¬ were reportedly multi-drug lates was obtained from 64 of the ture, according to recent USDA resistant, compared with 17% in 127 cattle sampled on the farm. research. the study reported. Foreign-born The farmer immediately stopped The new public education US residents returning to their selling unpasteurized milk volun¬ campaign includes a televised country of origin and children tarily. A pasteurization order is public service announcement and were identified as the two groups currently in place. The second out¬ informational materials for con¬ in need of vaccination. The high break of two cases, was reported sumers, educators, and health pro¬ incidence of infection among from southwest England in mid- fessionals. A number of grocery travellers to the Indian subconti¬ May. The index case, a 5-year old chains around the country includ¬ nent along with the increasing child who was admitted to the ing, Giant Food Inc. of Maryland, resistance in the strains that they hospital with haemolytic uraemic Tops, BI-LO, Stop and Shop, Giant acquire there indicate their syndrome, had drunk unpasteur¬ Food Stores of Pennsylvania, Weg- particular need of vaccination ized milk on the family farm. The mans, Schnuck Markets, Spartan before travel. second case (who had diarrhea) Foods, Big Y, Supervalu, Rich- was in the same class at school and foods, Farm Fresh, Albertsons, Outbreaks of VTEC the two are known to have held Kings Super Markets, and the hands with each other. LEP thermometer industry are also 0157 Infection Linked confirmed the presence of E. coli participating in this public effort. to Consumption of 0157 phage type 2 VT2 in the Unposteurized Milk clinical specimens, a sample of ConAgra Refrigerated raw milk, and isolates from dairy nwo recent outbreaks of cattle on the farm. The strains Prepared Foods Verocytotoxin producing were indistinguishable by PFGE. Shares Food Safety Escherichia coli (VTEC) The PHLS is aware of four further Knowledge with 0157 infection in England provide outbreaks of VTEC 0157 infection further evidence of the hazard to since April this year, and a recent Industry human health posed by consump¬ outbreak affected a scout camp in s the food industry contin¬ tion of unpasteurized milk. One Scotland. also shows how easily VTEC 0157 ues to improve its food may spread among small children. safety practices to combat Guidelines for the control of VTEC USDA Launches Food foodborne pathogens such as Listeria monocytogenes, sharing 0157 infection were published Thermometer recently. Four people in northwest best practices between companies England became ill between 20 Education Campaign is proving to be an effective strat¬ egy. Industry leader ConAgra April and 13 May 2000 in the first he US Department of Refrigerated Prepared Foods outbreak, which was detected in Agriculture (USDA) launch¬ (CRPF) recently hosted 87 repre¬ late April. Three of the cases were ed a national consumer adults who had drunk unpasteur¬ education campaign to promote sentatives from other meat and ized milk sold by a local farm. The the use of food thermometers in food processing firms for a day- fourth, a child, was not known to the home. The campaign features and-a-half work-shop on control¬ have done so, but unpasteurized a cartoon thermometer called ling Listeria in the plant environ¬ milk from the same farm was Thermy that proclaims “It’s Safe ment. The workshop comes on the consumed in the household. This to Bite When the Temperature is heels of a call by President Clinton case also had other risk factors Right.” for meat processors to conduct including contact with pet animals “Consumers should use a food environmental and end-product that visited the farm. The outbreak thermometer when cooking meat, testing for Listeria, and an indus¬ strain was confirmed by the PHLS poultry, and egg dishes,” said try survey that shows 90 percent Laboratory of Enteric Pathogens Agriculture Secretary Dan Glick- of the industry already does so (LEP) as E. coli 0157 phage type man. “Using a food thermometer voluntarily. (PT) 21/28 Verocytotoxin type is the best way to ensure that food “As an industry leader, we (VT) 2 resistant to ampicillin, has reached a temperature high believe it is our responsibility to streptomycin, and sulphonamides. enough to destroy harmful bacte¬ share our expertise with other Pulsed field gel electrophoresis ria.” companies. If we can help the (PFGE) showed that all the human Most people think they know isolates were indistinguishable entire industry do a better job in when food is done by trusting this area, we all benefit,” said Tim from each other and from strains their experience or the color of of PT21/28 VT2 from the primary Harris, president and chief operat¬ meat. This can be misleading. One ing officer, CRPF. “We have a milk filter leading into the bulked out of four hamburgers turns milk tank. E. coli 0157 PT21/28 moral obligation to provide the

AUGUST 2000 - Dairy, Food and Environmental Sanitation 627 News, continued safest possible food to the con¬ control. Respond to any suspicious support from the National Seafood sumer. Beyond that, it is a prereq¬ sampling results as rapidly and HACCP Alliance. The intent of the uisite to doing business. We can’t effectively as possible. Verify that national survey was to document begin to think about profits until the problem has been corrected. the time, effort, and resources that we are making safe products.” Provide regular, short- and longer- the seafood industry devoted to Keith Brickey, vice president for term assessments, such as weekly implementing the FDA HACCP quality assurance for the company and quarterly reports, to identify regulation. It was also meant to said, “We began addressing chronic problem areas and trends. identify potential changes or Listeria in the plant environment Other CRPF quality assurance problems in the process as well as to plan for additional training in late 1980s. Our policy is to experts shared microbiological activities that might be needed. share what we learn with the sample collection and testing Survey questionnaires were USDA, other companies and techniques, effective cleaning distributed to approximately 5,000 consumer groups. In the process methods for equipment, and seafood businesses in November and at workshops such as this, we equipment design tips to facilitate 1999 that had completed an also learn from the experiences of cleaning and preventing bacteria Alliance training course. A total others.” build-up. Hands-on problem¬ of 744 seafood businesses from 43 Speakers included Don solving information came from states and three territories respond¬ DeLozier from the USDA’s Food Quality Assurance managers from ed to the survey. Over half of these Safety Inspection Service (FSIS) four CRPF processing plants who firms were small businesses with who commented on additional shared their best practices for fewer than 10 employees. Almost proposed regulations for Listeria Listeria control in equipment sixty percent were seafood whole¬ control. A proposed regulatory sanitation and plant construction. salers or distributors and 35 per¬ directive, currently in draft form, This is the second Listeria cent were seafood processors. likely would expand the ready- workshop offered for the industry Eighty-eight percent of the to-eat product categories subject by CRPF. In addition, all quality responding firms indicated that to sampling for pathogens and assurance personnel at the employees from the firm devel¬ clarify the agency’s role in sam¬ company’s processing plants have oped their own HACCP plan, received additional training to pling programs. Dr. Bruce which averaged 68.7 hours to share the most current techniques Tompkin, CRPF vice president for complete with a range from 0.5 for Listeria control. product safety, provided a review to 1,200 hours. The report also of listeriosis trends and current documents the costs of HACCP implementation and the invest¬ research on the organism. Accord¬ National Seafood ing to the Centers for Disease ments that seafood firms made in Control data, the listeriosis inci¬ Industry Survey time, equipment and infrastruc¬ ture to meet the requirements of dence rate has declined in the US Report on HACCP the new regulation. Total costs since the late 1980s and essentially Implementation averaged approximately $17,500 has been flat for the last five years per firm for the smallest firms and at about five cases per million Completed over $93,000 for the largest firms people. University research is eventy-seven percent of the in the first year. The report indi¬ showing that not all strains of nearly 750 companies that cates that the overall impact of Listeria monocytogenes are responded to a recent these expenditures was 7 to 10 equally pathogenic, with different survey of the US seafood industry times greater for the smallest firms strains causing illness in animals reported that they would not have as compared to the largest when than in humans, for instance. been able to comply with the US reported costs were evaluated as Dr. Tompkin outlined recom¬ Food and Drug Administration’s a percentage of annual sales. The mended strategies for controlling (FDA) new Seafood HACCP seafood industry identified cost Listeria in the processing plant: regulation without the in-depth as the major disadvantage to the Prevent establishment of the training courses that were con¬ HACCP system. Benefits included: organism in niches or other sites ducted across the country. This better understanding and confi¬ that could lead to product con¬ finding is part of a 65-page report dence in the safety of their prod¬ tamination. Implement an environ¬ on the costs, benefits and impacts ucts; improved employee coop¬ mental sampling program that can of HACCP on the seafood industry eration; improvements in quality assess in a timely manner whether compiled by New York Sea Grant management; and greater effi¬ the plant environment is under Specialist Ken Gall with funding ciency in overall operations.

628 Dairy, Food and Environmentol Sanitation - AUGUST 2000 Florida Residents First tion brand. The commissary at the years. Over 13% of cases of Naval Air Station in Orlando is also to Try New Product — salmonellosis acquired in Sweden offering their consumers the in 1996 (80 cases) were linked to Irradiated Fresh choice of irradiated ground beef. such reptiles. The number of cases Ground Beef Now “Consumers use irradiated prod¬ has decreased since then, thanks ucts everyday and may not even to recommendations provided to Available at Retailers realize it,” according to Ellis. the public and pet shop owners by ood Technology Service, “Medical disposable supplies, the agriculture ministry and the Inc. (FTSI) and Colorado cotton balls, contact solution, and Swedish Institute for Infectious Boxed Beef Company feminine hygiene products are just Disease Control, which were also (CBBC) announced that Florida a few of the products that are taken up by the media. In 1999, 43 consumers will be the first to try currently irradiated.” Now, with people were infected — 22 people irradiated fresh ground beef, now the recent USD A approval of by turtles, 12 by snakes, and nine available at independent retail irradiated red meat, consumers by lizards. Most of the cases were grocers throughout Florida. can also have their fresh ground children. The problem of reptile — “We want to offer consumers beef irradiated for an extra associated salmonellosis has been the safest meat available, fresh measure of safety. recorded in Eurosurveillance or frozen,” said Steve Saterbo, Food Technology Service was Weekly before and the occurrence CBBC’s senior vice president. the first dedicated commercial of invasive, sometimes fatal, cases “And because more than 80% of food irradiator in the nation and in children has prompted the customers buy fresh ground beef, currently irradiates the food eaten Centers for Disease Control and not frozen, it only makes sense to in space by NASA astronauts. In Prevention (CDC) to issue guide¬ roll out the fresh product first.” addition. Food Technology Service lines for its prevention. The fresh irradiated ground conducts ongoing testing and irradiation for major meat and beef is being sold under Colorado’s FDA Advises New Generation label in 1- and poultry processors. 1.5-pound packages. The packag¬ Consumers about ing will carry the international Salmonella Infection Fresh Produce Safety symbol for irradiation — the radura — green flower inside a broken from Terrarium in nhe Food and Drug Adminis¬ circle, which is increasingly Sweden tration (FDA) is advising becoming recognized as a symbol consumers to be aware of hen a family in southern for food safety. safe handling and preparation Sweden moved their house Irradiation is a process similar practices for fresh fruits and to pasteurization which uses ion¬ in February 2000, they used vegetables. The Centers for izing energy to eliminate bacteria an empty terrarium, usually Disease Control and Prevention in food, such as E. coli, Listeria occupied by two pythons, to keep (CDC) has reported that the and Salmonella. Each year, more their one-year old son out of the occurrence of foodborne disease than 76 million foodborne ill¬ way of the removal men. A few increases during the summer nesses are reported, resulting in days later the child developed months for all foods, including 5,000 deaths. “Irradiation has gastroenteritis, as did his 17 year fresh produce. proven to eliminate foodborne old uncle, who had reassembled Foodborne illness can cause pathogens and prevent foodborne the terrarium after the move. serious and sometimes fatal illness. Now consumers have the Neither of them developed inva¬ infections in young children, frail option of purchasing irradiated sive disease or had to be admitted or elderly people, and others with products and putting the safest to hospital. Fecal specimens from weakened immune systems. food available on their family’s both yielded Salmonella subspe¬ Healthy persons with foodborne table,” said Dr. Richard Hunter, cies 1. The rest of the family illness can experience fever, Heath Officer, Florida Department remained well. The snakes had diarrhea, nausea, vomiting and of Public Health. been bought a few years earlier abdominal pain. Six Florida-based retail super¬ from a local pet shop. In 1997 Following are some steps that markets will begin offering con¬ three cases of Salmonella subspe¬ consumers can take to reduce the sumers irradiated fresh ground cies 1 infection were linked to risk of foodborne illness from beef. In the near future, according snakes from the same shop. fresh produce: to Ellis, several national retail Snakes, lizards, and turtles have • At the store, purchase chains located in the east will become an important source of produce that is not bruised begin stocking the New Genera¬ human salmonellosis in recent or damaged. If buying fresh-

AUGUST 2000 - Ooiry, Food and Environmental Sanitation 629 1

News, continued

cut produce, be sure it is Wash all fresh fruits and and utensils when handling refrigerated or surrounded vegetables with cool tap fresh produce. If possible, by ice. water immediately before use one clean cutting board At home, chill and refriger¬ eating. Don’t use soap or for fresh produce and a ate foods. After purchase, detergents. Scrub firm separate one for raw meat, put produce that needs produce, such as melons poultry, and seafood. refrigeration away promptly. and cucumbers, with a During food preparation, (Fresh whole produce such clean produce brush. Cut wash cutting boards, as bananas and potatoes away any bruised or utensils or dishes that have do not need refrigeration.) damaged areas before come into contact with Fresh produce should be eating. refrigerated within two fresh produce, raw meat, Wash surfaces often. hours of peeling or cutting. poultry, or seafood. Do not Cutting boards, dishes, Leftover cut produce consume ice that has come should be discarded if left utensils, and counter tops in contact with fresh pro¬ at room temperature for should be washed with hot duce or other raw products. more than two hours. soapy water and sanitized after coming in contact Use a cooler with ice or use Wash hands often. Hands with fresh produce, or raw ice gel packs when trans¬ should be washed with hot meat, poultry, or seafood. porting or storing perish¬ soapy water before and Sanitize after use with a able food outdoors, includ¬ after handling fresh pro¬ ing cut fresh fruits and duce, or raw meat, poultry, solution of 1 teaspoon of or seafood, as well as chlorine bleach in 1 quart vegetables. Following these after using the bathroom, of water. steps will help reduce the changing diapers, or Don’t cross contaminate. risk of foodborne illness handling pets. Use clean cutting boards from fresh produce.

The Membership Directory is available at

In June of 2000, the International Assoc¬ iation for Food Protection was a supporter www.food protection .org of the IFT-FMD Student/Professional Reception Members Only!!! at the Institute of Food Technologists Annual Meeting in Dallas, Texas. We are pleased to announce the following To access the Membership Directory, as the winner of our complimentary one-year click on the “Member Directory” button on the lAFP home page and input your Membership to lAFP. Member ID and password (your last name). Fatma Tesim Ekinci The Directory is searchable by first or Clemson University last name, company, city, state/province or country and any combination of the Clemson, SC above categories. To send a colleague a We hope this new Member finds message, just click on their E-mail address. lAFP Membership rewarding. Go explore this new Member benefit!

630 Dairy, Food and Environmental Sanitation - AUGUST 2000 IndustryProducts

as zein (maize) and lectin (soya). Stand can use both illumination A specific zein or lectin band techniques individually, or com¬ confirms that PCR was successful bined at the touch of a button. and that the sample contains maize Another button continuously or soya. In addition, this screening controls brightness and intensity kit provides internal controls, in either technique. This simplicity which improve accuracy by of handling will be appreciated detecting PCR failures resulting in the laboratory and classroom, from inhibitors. Color-coded tubes or by users in industrial assembly, enable the user to keep materials testing and quality inspection Promega Corporation organized and prevent errors departments. caused by mix-ups. The well-planned accessory GMO Screening Kit This new system improves interfaces make the Stemi DV 4 a Provides Extra Retiabitity economy since three analyses take basic unit for a highly expandable place simultaneously. Labor costs modular stereomicroscope system and Economy with Multi- are saved as well as materials such with its comprehensive range of ptex Nested PCR System as taq polymerase, pipette-tips and stands, mounting brackets, stages agarose. In addition, thermocyclers and illuminators. This modular The Biosmart Allin 1.0 GMO are used more efficiently allowing approach allows for a variety of screening system resolves for a greater number of samples to configurations and applications. problems of false negative results be processed. Users may save up Carl Zeiss, Inc., Thornwood, due to PCR failure and inhibition to 45 percent compared to indi¬ NY with a multiplex nested PCR assay. vidual analyses. No. 288 PCR protocols provide the most Promega Corp., Madison, WI reliable means for detecting the No. 287 presence of genetically modified Micromass Introduces (GMO) material in many types of MicrobeLynx" System foods. However, the variability stem! DV4 Stereo¬ encountered in different food for Rapid Bacterial microscope from Carl matrices may result in misleading Identification results with some screening Zeiss protocols due to unamplifiable icromass has introduced the arl Zeiss introduces a new M DNA or PCR failure caused by the C MicrobeLynx™ System for Stemi DV 4 (Double Lens presence of inhibitors. The Allin rapid identification of intact 1.0 35S screening kit: Eliminates Vario with zoom factor of £) bacteria. false negative results due to PCR high-performance, low-cost The ability to rapidly identify failure with the use of internal zoom stereomicroscope. The bacterial contamination in prod¬ controls; detects PCR failure by Stemi DV 4 with zoom factor of ucts such as processed foods, using corn and soy primers which 4 is compact and extremely easy to toothpaste, cosmetics and drink¬ demonstrate PCR success; and use. Its excellent optics combined ing water — is crucial for consumer saves up to 45% over individual with a patented zoom system confidence. In an age when “food assays with simultaneous reac¬ ensures brilliant, razor-sharp, scares” hit the headlines with tions. high-contrast images throughout increasing regularity, today’s The multiplex nested PCR the 8x to 32x zoom range. microbiologists need new tools Allin 1.0 screening assay It comes equipped with and technologies to stay ahead. simultaneousy detects the pres¬ transmitted and reflected light Micromass has leveraged its ence of the 35S promoter as well illumination. The unique. Model C networked M@LDI™ mass analyzer

The publishers do not warrant, either expressly or by implication, the factual accuracy of the products or descriptions herein, nor do they so warrant any views or opinions offered by the manufacturer of said articles and products.

AUGUST 2000 - Doiry, Food ond Environmentol Sanitation 631 with novel MicrobeLynx™ bio¬ “Food For Thought — The GMP informatics technology to provide Quiz Show” is the fourth install¬ microbiologists with a powerful ment in Silliker Laboratories’ analytical system for the rapid popular GMP training series. speciation and typing of microor¬ Silliker Laboratories Group, ganisms. This automated bacterial Inc., Homewood, IL “ mass-fi ngerpri nti ng” approach offers greater sensitivity, selectivity and speed of analysis compared with classical identification Parallux"* System Receives methods in medical microbiology, the food, water, pharmaceutical AOAC-RI Approval and biotechnology industries. The Parallux system has rece¬ Phis method applies proven ived the Performance Tested biopolymer mass spectrometry Methods Certification from the techniques (MALl)I-TOF MS) to AOAC Research Institute for six the analysis of intact bacteria. new antibiotic residue tests for Thus allowing the unique popula¬ milk. This new technology offers tion of macromolecules expressed milk processors a faster, more on the surface of bacteria to be automated way to screen for rapidly sampled and characterized antibiotic residues with unprec¬ by molecular weight. The resulting Silliker Laboratories Group, Inc. edented speed and accuracy. mass spectrum provides a unique The following six assays have fingerprint for the species tested. New Silliker Video Serves been approved: Parallux™ Beta Bacterial mass-fingerprints of Lactam Assay; Parallux™ PenVCeph unknowns can be reliably matched “Food ForThougUr 2X Assay; Parallux™ Cillins Assay; in seconds against a database of ood For Thought — The GMP Parallux™ Cephapirin Assay; Para¬ quality controlled reference F Quiz Show, the new employee llux™ Cetiofur Assay; and Parallux™ spectra... delivering a powerful training video from Silliker Lab¬ Cloxacillin Assay. new tool for real-time detection oratories, reviews GMP principles These assays demonstrate and subtyping of bacteria. the power and flexibility of the The MicrobeLynx™ System is as three food plant workers com¬ pete on a fictional television quiz Parallux™ system to meet both exceptionally sensitive — requiring milk industry and FDA require¬ show. only a single small colony from ments. The Parallux™ Beta Lactam From the first question to the primary culture for unambiguous Assay is the only rapid residue test final bonus round, the video covers identification. In addition, the that can detect all six Beta Lactam a variety of GMP principles, includ¬ System is highly selective and can antibiotic residues at the US-FDA ing employee practices, proper readily discriminate between tolerance/safe levels in one test. work attire, cross-contamination, genetic transformants, antibiotic Moreover, Parallux™ allows employee traffic patterns, micro¬ sensitive/resistant strains (e.g. detection closer to the US-FDA bial growth niches, temperature MSSA and MRSA), strains with tolerance/safe levels. This will danger zones and more. Used different plasmid profiles (e.g. provide milk processors a means alone or in conjunction wih other Bacillus antliracis), vegetative, to better protect milk supplies GMP training materials, the video mother and spore cells of bacilli without having to reject milk that is a cost-effective tool to train new and can identify conventionally is deemed safe for human con¬ hires or sharpen the knowledge of problematic microorganisms (e.g. sumption. The system can also veteran workers. Porphyromomis spp.). Offering determine which drug or drug As the contestants jockey to family is in the milk, assisting in exceptional speed and ease of use answer questions, trainees can join traceback of positive samples. — characteristic bacterial mass- in the engaging battle of wits and Please note: The Parallux™ system fingerprints are obtained in identify real-life GMP violations is in the process of FDA and NCIMS seconds with minimal operator Employees can test their know¬ approval and currently may not be training, minimizing per sample used for NCIMS Appendix N official ledge through a reproducible quiz cost. screening in the United States. contained in the video’s free train¬ Micromass UK Limited, IDEXX Laboratories, Inc., ing guide that corresponds to a Manchester, Hngland Westbrook, ME special review section at the conclusion of the video.

632 Dairy, Food and Environmentol Sanitation - AUGUST 2000 Detection of Microbial Improvements in BBL" ance against false positives and greatly reduces the risk of intro¬ Genes with Sequence Sterile Pack Prepared ducing contaminants into the Capture — PCR Method Plated Media Raise the critical environment. BD Biosciences, Sparks, MD Magnetic capture of sequence Industry Standard of specific DNA will improve Sterility Assurance No. 293 the sensitivity of PCR methods for the detection of bacterial or viral BD Biosciences has raised the DNA in clinical samples. A 10-to sterility assurance level of its New System Provides 100-fold increase in sensitivity has widely used BBL™ Sterile Pack been demonstrated using Dyna- Prepared Plated Media to an Ultrasonic Power at beads* M-280 Streptavidin to cap¬ all-new industry high. Heralded Record Levels ture oligonucleotides prior to PCR. nearly twenty years ago as the first n entirely new kind of Dynabeads* M-280 Streptavidin are media designed specifically for A ultrasonic power source has superparamagnetic microspheres environmental sampling in critical been introduced, with unprec¬ with streptavidin molecules bound environments, BBL Sterile Pack edented power and performance to their surface. Prepared Plated Media now bring from a commercial system. The Briefly, biotinylated capture another first to the industry. Until UTS-6000 ultrasonic system from oligonucleotides are added to crude now, the industry standard for Etrema Products can deliver 6000 extracts of tissues or cells. After irradiated medium was the vali¬ Watts; continuously and at full hybridization between the target dated Sterility Assurance Level power. sequence and the capture frag¬ (SAL) of 10 \ BBL Sterile Pack This new technology for ment, Dynabeads^ M-280 Strept¬ Prepared Plated Media now raise ultrasonic power was developed as avidin is added for magnetic the sterility standard to 10 '’ in all a result of an Advanced Technol¬ separation. The hybridized frag¬ patented RODAC (Replicate Organism Detection and Counting) ogy Program (ATP) cooperative ment binds to the Dynabeads* agreement funded jointly by M-280 Streptavidin and is isolated plates and settling dishes. What elevates the new sterility Etrema Products and the National by placing the sample in a mag¬ claim to this higher level is our Institute of Science and Technol¬ netic tube holder (Dynal* MPC). unique, gamma-irradiated packag¬ ogy (NIST). Officials at NIST Subsequently, all irrelevant DNA ing system. The superior integrity believe higher power ultrasonic and potential PCR inhibitors can of the BBL Sterile Pack Plated sources resulting from this pro¬ be removed from the sample prior Media packaging system provides gram will lead to a significant to PCR amplification. The method the protection needed by the increase in ultrasonic industries has been shown to detect as little media to achieve the claim of the and jobs. The ATP program as one genome of Mycobacterial improved level of sterility assur¬ enabled Etrema to complete bacterial DNA in 750mg of total ance. First, an outer wrap is development of the technology, DNA (Manglapan, G., et al. JCM, removed from the plates before and provide the resulting products May 1996). they pass into the critical environ¬ at competitive prices. Dynabeads* Products can also ment. The second inner wrap is The heart of Etrema’s system is be used to isolate microorganisms removed in the critical environ¬ a shape change metal, which from samples. ImmunoMagnetic ment. The outer and inner wrap, converts electrical energy to Separation (IMS) can be used to of Ty vek™/Polyethylene construc¬ acoustic energy. Etrema’s systems use state-of-the-art technologies rapidly concentrate target organ¬ tion, create the required bacterial that allow more of the electrical isms prior to lysis and hybridiza¬ barrier while maintinaing the energy to be converted to acoustic tion and to enrich the target desired breathability. An additional power and delivered to the work. sterile rolled bag is provided for organism in the small volumes And, the shape change metal does transportating the plates out of the usually required for PCR analysis. not degrade with use, allowing Dynabeads® Products can be easily critical environment to the labora¬ unsurpassed reliability. The coated with antibodies specific to tory. UTS-6000 system includes a your target organism. Dynabeads® The BBL Sterile Pack Plated state-of-the-art refrigeration system Products are also available pre¬ Media line is validated sterile using that permits continuous full power coated with antibodies to Salmo¬ AAMI guidelines. Gamma radia¬ operation in industrial conditions. nella, Listeria, and£’. coli 0157. tion exposure is based on a Etrema Products Inc., Ames, Dynal, Inc., Lake Success, NY probability model for inactivation lA of microbial populations. This No. 292 provides a higher level of assur¬ No. 294

AUGUST 2000 - Dairy, Food and Environmental Sanitation 633 CAPITOL VIAL, INC.

TAMPER EVIDENT, LEAKPROOF, AIR TieHT, HINGED CAP, STERILE SAMPLE VIALS

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Questions or statements concerning any of the holders’ authorizations listed below, model numbers or the equipment fabricated should be addressed to; Administrative Officer, 3-A Symbol Council, 1500 Second Avenue, SE, Suite 209, Cedar Rapids, lA 52403; Phone 319.286.9221; Fax 319.286.9290

01-07 Storage Tanks for Milk and Milk Products 212 Westfalia Surge Technologies, Inc. 2 APV Americas-Lake Mills 20903 West Gale Avenue 100 South CP Avenue Galesville, WI 54630-0659 Lake Mills, W1 53551-1799 241 WCB de Mexico, S.A. de C.V. 117 DCl Inc. Alfredo B. Nobel #39 P.O. Box 1227 Fracc. Ind. Puente de Vigas 600 North 54th Ave. Tlalnepantla. Edo de Mexico 54070 Mexico St. Cloud, MN 56302 306 Fristam Pumps 127 Paul Mueller Co. P.O. Box 620065 P.O. Box 828 2410 Parview Road 1600 West Phelps Middleton, WI 53562 Springfield, MO 65801 314 Len E. Ivarson 440 Scherping Systems 3100 W. Green Tree Road 801 Kingsley St. Milwaukee, WI 53209 Winsted, MN 55395 325 Johnson Pumps GJK) Ltd. Highfield Ind Estates 02-09 Centrifugal and Positive Rotary Pumps Edison Road for Milk and Milk Products Eastbourne, E.Sussex BN23 6PT UK 26 Tri-Clover Inc. 400 Netzsch Inc. P.O. Box 1413 119 Pickering Way Kenosha, WI 53141-1413 Exton, PA 19341 29 Waukesha Cherry-Burrell 466 Fluid Metering Inc. 611 Sugar Creek Road 5 Aerial Way, Suite 500 Delavan, WI 53115 Syosset, NY 11791 52 Viking Pump Inc. 502 Inoxpa, S.A. P.O. Box 8 Carrer dels Telers 406 State Street Banyoles 54-17820 Spain Cedar Falls, LA 50613-0008 U.S. Rep: Jensen Fittings Corp. APV Americas- Lake Mills 63 North Tonawanda, NY 100 South CP Avenue 507 Sine Pumps Lake Mills, WI 53551-1799 /le Sundstrand Fluid Hndlg. 07 Alia Laval rlOW inC.) AjoCiI 14845 West 64th Street r.v/.PO OiJARrkY jOlyXJy Arvada, CO 80004 Pleasant Prairie, WI 53158-0909 72 L.C. Thomsen Inc. 567 Stainless Products 1303 - 43rd Street P.O. Box 169 Kenosha, WI 53140 1649 - 72nd Ave. 145 ITT Jabsco Somers, WI 53171 1485 Dale Way 568 Shanley Pump & Equipment Costa Mesa, CA 92628-2158 2525 So. Clearbrook Drive 148 Monyo Ind Prod Arlington, IL 60005 Div. of Robbins & Myers 595 seepex, Inc. 1895 West Jefferson Street 511 Speedway Drive Springfield, OH 45501 Enon, OH 45323 205 Bou-Matic 603 Johnson Pumps (UK) Ltd. P.O. Box 8050 Highfield Ind Est 1919 S Stoughton Road Edison Road Madison, WI 53716-8050 Eastbourne, E. Sussex BN236PT UK

linenuuaMlAsiaiitMilH AUGUST 2000 - Dairy, Food ond Environmental Sanitation 635 Food Protection 604 Johnson Pumps (IJK) Ltd. 975 Alfa Laval Flow Highfield Ind. Estate Birch Road Edison Road Eastbourne, East Sussex BN 23 6PQ UK Eastbourne, E. Sussex BN23 6PT UK 996 Johnson Pump (UK) Ltd. 654 Mono Pumps/Dresser Div. Highland Industrial Estate P.O. Box 14 Edison Road Martin St., Audenshaw Eastbourne, East Sussex BN236Fr UK Manchester M34 5DQ UK 997 Job. Heinr.Bomemann GmbH 671 FLOWTECH DIV Industriestr 2 Teknoflow, Inc. Obemkirchen D-31(>83 Germany 1701 Spinks Drive 999 BLACKMER/MOUVEX Marietta, GA 30067-8925 1809 C^entury Avenue S.W. 673 Alfa Laval Flow, Inc. Grand Rapids, MI 49509 P.O. Box 581909 1004 Q-Pumps s.a.de c.v. Pleasant Prairie, W1 53158-0909 Acceso A # 108 678 Shanley Pump & Equipment Fracc. Ind. Jurica 2525 So. Clearbrook Dr. 76130 Queretaro Mexico Arlington, IL 60005 1011 Tuchenhagen North America, Inc. 701 Pierre Guerin SA 9160 Red Branch Road 179 Grand Rue Columbia, MD 21045 BP. 12 Mauze 79210 France 04-04 Homogenizers and Reciprocating Pumps 709 Conexiones Inox. (CIPSA) 75 APV Gaulin Vicente Guerrero 211 500 Research Drive Xicotepec de Juarez Edo Wilmington, MA 01887 Puebla, Mexico 87 Waukesha Cherry-Burrell 739 CSF Inox SpA 611 Sugar Creek Road Strada per Bibbiano, 7 Delavan, Wl 53115 42027 Montecchia Italy 247 Bran & Luebbe 793 Ampco Pumps Inc. 1025 Busch Pkwy. 4424 W. Mitchell Street Buffalo Grove, IL 60089 Milwaukee, WI 53214 390 American Lewa Inc. 810 O.M.A.C. S.R.L Pompe 132 Hopping Brk Road Via G. Falcone 8 Holliston, MA 01746 1-42048 Rubiera Italy 558 Niro Soavi S.p.A. 820 Syltone Industries LLC ViaM 2501 Constant Comment PI Da Erba Edoari 29/A Louisville, KY 40299 43100 Parma Italy 827 PACKO INOX NV 657 Microfluidics International Corp. Diksmuide Branch P.O. Box 9101 Cardijnlaan 10 30 Ossipee Road B8600 Diksmuide Belgium Newton, MA 02164-9101 828 Flux Pumps Corporation 770 Tetra Pak, Inc. 4330 Commerce Circle 101 Corporate Woods Pkwy. Atlanta, GA 30336 Vernon Hills, IL 60061 841 Johnson Pumps (UK) 847 Stork Food & Dairy Systems, Inc. Highfield Ind Est P.O. Box 1258 Edison Road 1024 Airport Pkwy. Eastbourne, East Sussex BN236PT UK Gainesville, GA 30503 899 Lederle GmbH, Pumpen-und 1045 Sonic Corporation Gewerbestrasse 53 1 Research Drive D-79194 Germany Stratford, CT 06615 U.S. Rep: Alto Systems, Inc. P.O. Box 60667 05-14 Stainless Steel Automative Milk and Milk Product Houston TX Transportation Tanks for Bulk Delivery 911 Sigma Equipment Corporation 25 Walker Stainless Equip 39 Westmoreland Avenue P.O. Box 202 >XTiite Plains, NY 10606 625 State St. 923 Bomemann Pumps, Inc. New Lisbon, WI 53950-0202 P.O. Box 1769 40 Hills Stainless Steel Matthews, NC 28105 P.O. Box 987 934 Pladot Ein Harod 505 W Koehn St. Kibbutz Ein Harod Luveme, MN 56156 Meuhad - 18965 Israel 70 Brenner Transp. 946 APV Americas-Lake Mills P.O. Box 670 100 South CP Avenue 450 Arlington Ave. Lake Mills, Wl 53551-1799 Fond du Lac, WI 54936-0670

636 Dairy, Food and Environmental Sanitation - AUGUST 2000 85 Polar Tank Trailer 120 Alfa Laval Agri Inc. 12810 County Road 17 11100 N Congress Ave. Holdingford, MN 56340-9773 Kansas City, MO 64153-1296 379 Brenner Tank Mauston Inc. 279 TThe Schlueter Co. N3760 Hwy 12 & 16 P.O. Box 548 Mauston, W1 53948 3410 Bell Street 437 West Mark Janesville, WI 53547-0548 P.O. Box 100 365 APV Heat Exchangers A/S 2704 Railroad Ave. P.O. Box 823 Ceres, CA 95307 8 Platinvej 513 Nova Fabricating DK-6

AUGUST 2000 — Dairy, Food and Environmental Sanitation 637 217 Girton Mfg Co. 49 Alfa Laval Agri Inc. P.O. Box 900 11100 N Congress Ave. Main Street Kansas City, MO 64153-1296 Millville, PA 17846 240 Westfalia Surge, LLC 238 Paul Mueller Co. Dairy Equipment Division P.O. Box 828 20903 W. Gale Avenue 1600 West Phelps Galesville, WI 54630-0659 Springfield, MO 65801 6l 1 Universal Dairy Eqpt, Inc. 248 Allegheny Bradford 11100 N. Congress Ave. P.O. Box 200 Kansas City, MO 64153-1296 Route 219 South 802 BIDESA Bradford, PA 16701 298 Feldmeier Equipment Adolfo Aymes 153 P.O. Box 474 Ciudad Ind. De Coahuila Mexico Syracuse, NY 13211 U.S. Rep: James Reed 392 Stork Food & Dairy Systems, Inc. 601 High Plain Dr. P.O. Box 1258 Bel Air,CA 21024 1024 Airport Pkwy. Gainesville, GA 30503 16-05 Milk and Milk Products Evaporators 438 APV Americas Engineered Systems and Vacuum Pans 395 Fillmore Ave. 107 C.E. Rogers Co. Tonawanda, NY 14150 P.O. Box 118 532 Scherping Systems 1895 Frontage Road P.O. Box 10 Mora, MN 55051 801 Kingsley St. 132 APV Americas Winsted, MN 55395 395 Fillmore Avenue 605 Waukesha (-herry-Burrell Tonawanda, NY 14150-0366 P.O. Box 35600 186 Marriott Walker Corp. Louisville, KY 40232-5600 925 E. Maple Road 6l4 Tetra Pak Processing Birmingham, MI 48009 101 Corporate Woods Pkwy. 273 Niro, Inc. Evaporator Division Vernon Hills, IL 60061 632 Yula Corp. 9165 Rumsey Road 330 Biy ant Ave. Columbia, MD 21045 Bronx, NY 10474 277 Alfa Laval Thermal Inc. 712 Enerquip Inc. Ill Parker Street P.O. Box 467 Newburyport, MA 01950 611 North Road 299 Stork Food & Dairy Systems, Inc. Medford, W1 54451 P.O. Box 1258 886 API-Ketema Heat Transfer Tech. 1024 Airport Pkwy. 2300 W Marshall Drive Gainesville, GA 30503 Grand Prairie, TX 75051 500 Dedert Corp. 889 FMC-FranRica Systems 20000 Governors Dr. P.O. Box 30127 Olympia Fields, IL 60461 Stockton, CA 95213-0127 951 Thermaline, Inc. 17-09 Formers, Fillers, and Sealers of Single-Service 180 37th Street N.W. Containers for Fluid Milk and Fluid Milk Products Auburn, WA 98001 137 Elopak Inc. 971 Hydro-Thermal Corp. 400 Pilot Court 30000 South Hill Road Waukesha, WI 53188 New Hudson, MI 48165 1055 APV Nordic Engineered Systems 192 Evergreen Pkg. Equip Pasteursvej P.O. Box 3000 8600 Silkeborg DK-8600 Denmark 2400-6th St. SW 1058 Peterson Custom Stainless, Inc. Cedar Rapids, LA 52406-3004 1100 Industrial Drive 220 Tetra Rex Inc. Watertown, WI 53094 451 E. Industrial Blvd. Minneapolis, MN 55413-2930 13-09 Farm Milk Cooling and Holding Tanks 281 Purity Packaging 4 Dairy’ Equip Co. P.O. Box 727 P.O. Box 8050 Glen Falls, NY 12801-0727 1919 S Stoughton Road 330 Milliken Pkg Co. Madison, WI 53708-8050 P.O. Box 736 12 Paul Mueller Co. White Stone, SC 29386 P.O. Box 828 351 Tetra Pak, Inc. 1600 W. Phelps St. 3300 Airport Road Springfield, MO 65801 Denton, TX 76207

638 Dairy, food and Environmental Sanitation - AUGUST 2000 382 SIG COMBIBLOC, Inc. 1029 Formseal 4800 Roberts Road 1 rue de I’Epee Royale Columbus, OH 43228-9699 14700 Falaise France 442 Milliken Pkg Co. 1031 ACMAUSA, Inc. P.O. Box 736 501 Southlake Blvd. White Stone, SC 29386 Richmond, VA 23236 482 SERAC, Inc. 1052 Glopak, Inc. 300 Westgate Dr. 4755 Blvd. Des Grandes Prairies (;arol Stream, IL 60188 St. Leonard, Quebec HIR 1A6 Israel 488 BWI Holmatic 1064 EMC Europe N.V. 1750 Corporate Dr., Suite 700 Breedstraat 3 Norcross, GA 30093 2700 Belgium 619 Hassia, USA, Inc. U.S. Rep: EMC Foodtech 1210 Campus Drive West 2300 Ind. Ave. Morganville, NJ 07751 Madera, CA 681 Shikoku Kakoki Co. Ltd. 1073 I.E.C. Engineering Ltd. 10-1 Nishinokawa 111 Madison Avenue Tarohachisu, Itano-Gun, 771-02 Japan Cresskill, NJ 07626 U.S. Rep: Elopak, Inc. 3000 South Hill Road 18-03 Multiple Use Rubber and Rubber-Like Materials New Hudson, MI 48165 Used as Product Contact Surfaces 694 E D O. Inc. 1041 Superior Seals Ltd. 3434 Eglinton Ave. E., #"^12 Woolsbridge Ind. Park Scarborough-Toro. Ontario MIJ 2J1 33172 Canada Three-Legged Cross 735 Kvalitetsproduktion .\B Wimbome Dorset BH21 6SR UK P.O. Box 900 1056 Newman Sanitarv'Gasket Co. S-693 29 Sweden P.O. Box 222 U.S. Rep: Flowtech, Inc. Lebanon, OH 45036 1900 Lake Park Drive, Suite 345 1063 Titan Indu,stries Smyrna. GA 30080 P.O. Box 1007 924 Robert Bosch Corporation 11121 Garfield Avenue P.O. Box 1127 South Gate, CA 90280 Waiblingen D-71301 Germany U.S. Rep: Robert Bosch Corporation 19- 05 Batch and Continuous Freezers for Ice Cream, 9890 Red Ar(K)w Highway Ices and Similarly Frozen Dairy Foods Bridgman, MI 49106 146 Waukesha Cherry-Burrell 939 Packaging Technologies P.O. Box 35600 807 West Kimberly Road 100 So. CP Avenue Davenport, LA 52808-3848 Louisville, KY 40232-5600 941 Oden Corporation 286 Tetra Pak Hoyer Inc. 255 Great Arrow Avenue 753 Geneva Parkway Buffalo, NY 14207-3024 P.O. Box 0280 967 RAPAK latke Geneva, WI 53147 2801 Faber Street 355 Emery Thompson Machine Union City, CA 94587 & Supply Company 989 PACK LINE, Ltd. 1349 Inwood Avenue 4, Hapatish Street Bronx, NY 10452 Industrial Zone 58815 903 Coldelite Corporation of America Israel 3760 Industrial Drive 1001 Remy Equipment Winston-Salem, NC 27105 Avenue de la patrouille de France 1076 MlT0 27s.r.l. Octeville-sur-Mer BP 627 Via della Solidarieta, 2/1 76059 Le Havre France 40056 Italy U.S. Rep: SIDEL Inc. 5600 Sun Ct. 20- 20 Multiple Use Plastic Materials Used as Product Norcross, GA 30092 Contact Surfaces for Dairy Equipment 1009 Federal Manufacturing Co. 1053 Victrex USA Inc. 201 West Walker St. 601 Willowbrook I^ne Milwaukee, W1 53204-0215 West Chester, PA 19382 1015 ProTherm Engineering Co. 3475 W. Shaw Ave., Suite 106 22-07 Silo-type Storage Tanks Fresno, CA 93711 for Milk and Milk Products 1020 Tetra Rex Inc. 154 APV Americas-Lake Mills 909 Asbury Drive 100 South CP Avenue Buffalo Grove, IL 60089-4525 Lake Mills, WI 53551

AUGUST 2000 - Doiry, Food and Environmental Sanitation 639 15S Paul Mueller Co. 760 Jordan Manufacturing P.O. Box 828 1688 County Road 192 1600 W Phelps St. Crossville, AL 35962 Springfield, MO 65801-0828 853 Elmar Industrial 160 DCl Inc. P.O. Box 245 P.O. Box 1227 Buffalo, NY 14043-0245 6(M) N 54th Ave. 868 Cryovac North America St. C:ioud, MN 56302 P.O. Box 464 165 Walker Stainless Equip. Duncan, SC 29334-0464 P.O. Box 202 870 Machinery Engineering & Technology 625 State Street P.O. Box 2656 New Lisbon, W1 53950-0202 2626 E. Delavan Drive 312 Feldmeier Equipment Janesville, Wl 53546 P.O. Box 474 891 World Cup LLC 6800 Town Line Road 1535 S. Highway 39 Syracuse, NY 13211 LaPorte, IN 46350 439 JV Northwest Inc. 902 A.T.S. Engineering, Inc. 390 S. Redwood Street 7270 Torbram Road, Unit #23 Canby, OR 97013 Mississauga, Ontario L4T 3Y7 Canada 479 Scherping Systems 942 Oden Corporation P.O. Box 10 255 Great Arrow Avenue 801 Kingsley Street Buffalo, NY 14207-3024 Winsted, MN 55395 965 BENHIL-GASTI Verpack GmbH 503 Ripley Stainless (1997) Ltd. Jagenbergstrasse 1 RR # 3 Site 41, (ximp. 10 D-41468 Neuss Germany Summerland, British VOH IZO Canada U.S. Rep: Autoprod, Inc. 675 Stainless Fabrication 5355 115th Avenue P.O. Box 1127 Clearwater, FL 33760 4455 W. Kearney 990 PACK LINE, Ltd. Springfield, MO 65801-1127 4, Hapatish Street Industrial Zone 58815 Israel 23-02 Equipment for Packaging Viscous Dairy Products 1030 Formseal 174 Waukesha (dierry-Burrell Ice (Yearn 1 rue de I’Epee Royale 267 Livingston Street 14700 Falaise France Northvale, NJ 07647 1066 Research & Development Pkgng. Corp. 222 Sweetheart (mp Company KEY-PAK Machines 10100 Reisterstown Road 1221 Highway 22 OwingsMills, MD2111'' Lebanon, NJ 08833 343 Tetra Pak Hoyer, Inc. 1074 I.E.C. Engineering Ltd. P.O. Box 280 111 Madison Avenue "53 (leneva Parkway Cresskill, NJ 07626 Uke (ieneva, Wl 53147 3f)6 AutoProd, Inc. 24-02 Non-Coil Type Batch Pasteurizers 5355-115th Ave. N for Milk and Milk Products Clearwater, FL 34620 158 APV Americas-Lake Mills 447 (lEl International, Inc. 100 South CP Ave. "00 Pennsylvania Drive Lake Mills, Wl 53551-1799 Exton, PA 19341-0439 166 Paul Mueller Co. 537 Osgood Industries P.O. Box 828 f)01 Burbank Road 1600 W Phelps St. Oldsmar, FL 34677 Springfield, MO 65801 635 Interbake Foods 187 DCI Inc. 2245 Tomlynn Street P.O. Box 1227 Richmond, VA 23294 St. Cloud, MN 56302-1227 Ci()6 Rapidpak Inc. 402 Coldelite Corporation of America P.O. Box 9015 3760 Industrial Drive Appleton, Wl 54911-9015 Winston-Salem, NC 27105 674 Hayssen Mfg 878 Walker Stainless Equip 225 Spartangreen Blvd. P.O. Box 202 Duncan,SC 29334 625 State St. 679 (a)nsolidated Biscuit Co. New Lisbon, Wl 53950-0202 312 Rader Road 1025 Pladot Ein Harod McComb, OH 45858 Kibbutz Ein Harod 740 Raque Food Systems Meuhad 18965 Israel P.O. Box 99594 1072 l.E.C. Engineering Ltd. 11002 Decimal Dr. Ill Madison Avenue Louisville, KY 40269 Cresskill, NJ 07626

640 Dairy, food and Environmental Sanitation - AUGUST 2000 25-02 Non-Coil Type Botch Processors 409 GEI International, Inc. for Milk and Milk Products 700 Pennsylvania Drive 159 APV Americas-Lake Mills Exton, PA 19341-0439 497 Triangle Pkg Machinery 100 South CP Ave. 6655 W Diversey Ave. Lake Mills, W1 53551-1799 Chicago, IL 60707 167 Paul Mueller Co. 618 Yamato Scale Co., Ltd. P.O. Box 828 5-22 Saemba-cho, 1600 W Phelps St. Akashi Springfield, MO 65801 Hyogo 673-8688 29334 Japan 188 DCI Inc. 625 Ishida Co. Ltd. P.O. Box 1227 44-Sanno-Cho, Shogoin St. Cloud, MN 56302-1227 Sakyo-Ku, 202 Walker Stainless 606 Kyoto Japan P.O. Box 202 831 Custom Equipment Design 625 State St. P.O. Box 4807 New Lisbon, WI 53950-0202 1057 Highway 80 East 448 Scherping Systems Inc. Monroe, LA 71203 801 Kingstree St. 905 Pacmac, Inc. Winsted, MN 55395 P.O. Box 360 520 Stainless Fabrication l6l 1 Armstrong Ave. P.O. Box 1127 Fayetteville, AR 72702-0360 4455 W. Kearney 922 Heat & Control, Inc. Springfield, MO 65801-1127 21121 Cabot Blvd. 687 A&B Process Systems Hayward, CA 94545-1132 P.O. Box 86 998 SIG Pack EAGLE Corp. 201 S. Wisconsin Avenue 2107 Livingston St. Stratford, WI 54484 Oakland, CA 94606 710 Lee Industries, Inc. 1039 BOSSAR USA, Inc. P.O. Box 687 1145 Commerce Blvd. N. 514 W Pine St. Sarasota, FL 34243 Phillipsburg, PA 16866 1062 Multipond America, Inc. 725 Inox-Tech Inc. 2666 N. Packerland Dr. 6705 Route 132 Green Bay, WI 54303-4856 Ville, Quebec JOL lEO Canada 1068 MATCON USA, INC. 837 Viatec, Incorporated 233 North Delsea Drive 202 South Broadway Sewell, NJ 08080 Hastings, Ml 49058

26-03 Sifters for Dry Milk and Dry Milk Products 28-03 Flow Meters for Milk and Milk Praducts 224 The Foxboro Co. 172 SWECO N01-3B Div. of Emerson Elec Co. 33 Commercial St. 7120 Buffington Road Foxboro, MA 02035-2099 Florence, KY 41042 226 ABB Automation Inc. 185 Rotex Inc. Instrumentation Division 1230 Knowlton St. 125 E. County Line Road Cincinnati, OH 45223-1845 Warminster, PA 18974-4995 363 Kason Corp. 253 Badger Meter Inc. 67-71 East Willow Street P.O. Box 245036 Millbum, NJ 07041 4545 W. Brown Deer Road 430 Midwestern Industries Milwaukee, WI 53224-9356 P.O. Box 810 265 Flow Automation Massillon, OH 446484)810 9303 Sam Houston Pkwy. S. 656 Separator Engineering Ltd. Houston, TX 77099-5298 810 Ellingham St. 270 ABB Instrumentation Inc. Pointe Claire PQ Quebec H9R 3S4 Canada 125 East County Line Road 752 Andritz Inc. Warminster, PA 18974 35 Sherman St. 272 Accurate Metering Systems Muncy, PA 17756 1651 Wilkening Road Schaumburg, IL 60173 27-04 Equipment for Packaging Dry Milk 359 Rosemount, Inc. and Dry Milk Praducts 12001 Technology Drive 353 All-FiU Inc. Eden Prairie, MN 55344 P.O. Box 652-C 378 Micro Motion 418 Creamery Way 7070 Winchester Circle Exton, PA 19341 Boulder, CO 80301

AUGUST 2000 - Dairy, Food and Environmental Sanitation 641 477 Flowdata, Inc. 778 Magnetrol Intern 1817 Firman Drive 5300 Belmont Road Richardson, TX 75081-1826 Downers Grove, IL 60515 490 Rosemount Inc. 803 rURCK Inc. 12001 Technology Dr. 5(K)0 Fembrook Lane Eden Prairie, MN 55344 North Plymouth, MN 55446 506 Flow Technology, Inc. 840 KOBOLD Instruments 4250 E. Broadw'ay Road 1801 Parkway View Dr. Phoenix, AZ 85040 Pittsburgh, PA 15205 512 Hoffer Flow Controls 884 ABB Automation Products Cimbll 107 Kitty Hawk Lane Dransfel Strasse Elizabeth City, NC 27909 Gottingen 37079 Germany 529 Krohne, Inc. ABB Automation Inc. 7 Dearborn Road Instrumentation Division Peabody, MA 01960 125 East County Line Road 535 FMC Invalco Warminster, PA 18974 2825 West Washington St. 938 norax Inc. Stephenville, TX 76401 10728 South 92nd Street 550 Sparling Instruments Franklin, WI 53132 4097 N Temple Cty Blvd. 950 DELTA M Corp. El Monte, CA 91731 1003 Larsen Drive 574 Venture Measurement LLC] Oak Ridge, TN 37830 150 Venture Blvd. 956 Blancett Fluid Flow Meters Spartanburg, SC 29306 100 E. Felix Street So., Suite 190 585 Solartron, Inc. Fort Worth, TX 76115-3548 19408 Park Row, Suite 320 972 Liquid Controls, LLC Houston, TX 77084 105 Albrecht Drive 587 Schlumberger Industries Uke Bluff, IL 60044-2242 1310 Emerald Road 979 Metron Technology Greenwood, SC 29646 2005 10th Street 649 GEO Technology Corp. Boulder, CO 80302 12312 E. 60th Street 1019 Pacific Flow Controls-ASA Magmeters Tulsa, Ok 74146 3000 Danville Blvd. #177 660 Danfoss A/S Alamo, CA 94507 DK ■ 6430 1021 Toshiba Int. Corp. Nordborg Denmark 1, Toshiba-cho 661 Alfa Laval Flow Inc. Fuchu-shi G&H Division Tokyo 183 Japan P.O. Box 581909 Toshiba Int. Corporation Pleasant Prairie, W1 53158-0909 13131 West Little York Road 692 Endress & Hauser Houston, TX 77041 Flowtec AG 1034 Liquid (Controls, LLC Kagenstrasse 7 105 Albrecht Drive Ch-4123 Reinach Lake Bluff, IL 60044-2242 Switzerland 1035 ISOIL INDUSTRIA S.p.A. 715 Thermal Instrument Co. Via F.lli Gracchi 27 217 Sterner Mill Road 20092 CINISELLO BALSAMO Trevose, PA 19053 MILANO Italy 717 Gemu Valves Inc. 1065 PMC-Global Industries, Inc. Suite 110, Bldg. 2600 P.O. Box 4781 3800 Camp Creek Pkwy. 2500 Steven Road Atlanta, GA 30331 Odessa, TX 79760 729 ONIX Measurement 1075 Advanced Flow Technology Co. London Road, Kings Worthy P.O. Box 906 Winchester Hampshire S023 7QA UK 2700 Interstate Drive 733 Honeywell Inc. Lakeland, FL 33802 1100 Virginia Drive 1077 Sponsler Co., Inc. Fort Washington, PA 19034-3260 2363 Sandifer Boulevard 744 Honeywell LAC Westminster, SC 29693 Industrial Contrls Div. 1100 Virginia Dr. 29-01 Air Eliminators for Milk and Milk Byproducts Ft. Washington, PA 19034 764 Yokogawa Corporation of America 340 Accurate Metering 2 Dart Road 1651 Wilkening Road Newnan, GA 30265-1040 Schaumburg, IL 60173

642 Dairy, Food and Environmental Sanitation - AUGUST 2000 436 Scherping Systems 844 Paul Mueller Co. 801 Kingsley St. 1600 West Phelps St. Winsted, MN 55395 Springfield, MO 65801 662 Alfa Laval Flow Inc. 852 Viatec Incorporated G&H Division 1220 W. State Street P.O. Box 581909 Hastings, MI 49058 Pleasant Prairie, W1 531584)909 1057 Krebs Engineers 33-01 Polished Metal Tubing for Milk 5505 West Gillette Road and Milk Products Tucson, AZ 85743 308 Rath Mfg Co., Inc. 2505 Foster Ave. 30-01 Farm Milk Storage Tanks Janesville, WI 53545 421 Paul Mueller Co. 310 Allegheny Bradford P.O. Box 828 P.O. Box 200 1600 W Phelps St. Bradford, PA 16701 Springfield, MO 65801 331 United Industries 1546 Henry Avenue 31- 02 Scraped Surface Heat Exchangers Beloit, WI 53511 274 Alfa Laval Thermal Inc. 368 Rodger Industries Ill Parker St. P.O. Box 186/ RR #1 Newburyport, MA 01950 Blenheim ON NOP lAO Canada 290 APV Americas - Lake Mills 413 AZCOInc. 100 South CP Avenue P.O. Box 567 Lake Mills, WI 53551 2150 Holly Road 323 Waukesha Cherry-Burrell Appleton, WI 54912 P.O. Box 35600 3736 Kvalitetsproduktion AB Louisville, KY 40232-5600 P.O. Box 900 361 Terlet N.V. S-693 29 Sweden P.O. Box 62 U.S. Rep: Flowtech, Inc. 7200 AB Zutphen Netherlands 1900 Lake Park Drive, Suite 345 U.S. Rep: Manning & Lewis Eng. Smyrna, GA 30080 New Jersey 775 Trent Tube 496 EMC Corp./FranRica Sys 2015 Energy Drive P.O. Box 30127 P.O. Box 77 2807 S Highway 99 East Troy, WI 53120 Stockton, CA 95213-0127 776 Kurt Orban Partners 964 Schroder NA Corp. 450 Kings Road 4745 S. Mendenhall Road Brisbane, CA 94005 Memphis, TN 38141 812 Norca Corporation 185 Great Neck Road 32- 02 Scraped Surface Heat Exchangers Great Neck, NY 11022 268 DCI, Inc. 1044 SYNCRO VAC, INC. P.O. Box 1227 803 Ames Avenue 600 North 54th Ave. Milpitas, CA 95035 St. Cloud, MN 56302-1227 339 Walker Stainless Equip. 34-02 Portable Bins for Dry Milk and Milk Products P.O. Box 202 647 Thomas Conveyor Co. 625 State St. Tote System Division New Usbon, WI 53950-0202 P.O. Box 2916 354 C.E. Rogers Co. Fort Worth, TX 76113-2916 P.O. Box 118 916 Custom Metalcraft, Inc. 1895 Frontage Road P.O. Box 10587 GS Mora, MN 55051 2332 E. Division 397 APV Americas - Lake Mills 100 South CP Avenue Springfield, MO 65808 Lake MiUs, WI 53551 35-00 Continuous Blenders 441 Scherping Systems 801 Kingsley St. 417 Waukesha Cherry-Burrell Winsted, MN 55395 P.O. Box 35600 683 A&B Process Systems LouisviUe, KY 40232-5600 P.O. Box 86 527 Arde Barinc.o Inc. 201 S. Wisconsin Ave. 500 Walnut St. Stratford, WI 54484 Norwood, NJ 07648 708 Lee Industries Inc. 590 Chemineer Inc. 514 West Pine St., P.O. Box 688 125 Flagship Dr. Phillipsburg, PA 16866 N. Andover, MA 01845

AUGUST 2000 - Doiry, Food and Environmental Sanitation 643 642 Mondomix B.V. 4(M)1 Bag Collectors for Dry Milk Reeweg 13, P-O. Box 98 and Dry Milk Products 1394 ZH Netherlands 381 Marriott Walker Corp. U.S. Rep; Mondomix-USA Branch 1900 Tyler Road, Unit 400 925 E. Maple Road St. Charles, IL 60174 Birmingham, MI 48009 680 Quadro Engineering Inc. 456 C.E. Rogers Co. P.O. Box 118 613 Colby Drive Waterloo Ontario N2V lAl Canada 1895 Frontage Road 724 Silverson Machines Mora, MN 55051 P.O. Box 589 41-01 Bog Collectors for Dry Milk and Dry Milk Products 355 Chestnut St. E. Longmeadow, MA 01028 631 Flexicon Corp. 766 Semi-Bulk Systems P.O. Box 5269 159 Cassens Court 1375 Strykers Road Fenton, MO 63026-2543 Philipsburg, NJ 08865 825 GEl International, Inc. 894 Spiroflow Systems, Inc. 700 Pennsylvania Dr. 2806 Ciray Fox Road Exton, PA 19341 Monroe, NC 28110 869 Admix Inc. 234 Abby Road 42-01 In-Line Strainers for Milk and milk Products Manchester, NH 03103-3332 606 Waukesha Cherry-Burrell 914 International Mixing Technologies 611 Sugar Creek Road Avenue de la Gironde Delavan, W1 53115 59640 Dunkerque France 655 Tri-Clover U.S. Rep; IMT/USA P.O. B8 Delavan, Wl 53115-1337 805 Tri-Clover, Inc. 608 Kinematica Inc. P.O. Box 1413 260 Northland Blvd., Suite 335 Kenosha, WI 53141-1413 Cincinnati, OH 45246-3502 833 Wilden Pump & Engineering 808 Boston Shearpump Inc. 22069 Van Buren Street 33 Brighton Street Grand Terrace, CA 92313-5651 Belmont, MA 02478 958 LEWA Herbert Ott GmbH & Co. 846 IKA Works Inc. Ulmerstrasse 10 2635 North Chase Pkwy. SE 71229 Leonberg Germany Wilmington, NC 28405-7499 U.S. Rep; American LEWA, Inc. 132 Hopping Brook Road 38-00 Cottage Cheese Vats Holliston, MA 01746-1499 385 Stoelting Inc. 1012 VERSA-MATIC PUMP 502 Hwy 67 6017 Enterprise Drive Kiel, WI 53042-1600 Export, PA 15632-8969 541 Kusel Equip. P.O. Box 87 45-01 Crossflow Membrane Modules Watertown, Wl 53094 786 North Carolina SRT Inc. 39-00 Pneumatic Conveyors for Dry Milk 221 James Jackson Ave. and Dry Milk Products Cary, NC 27513 1042 Wm. W. Meyer & Sons, Inc. 807 Coming Incorporated 8261 Elmwood Avenue HP-CB-03-01 Skokie, IL 60077 Coming, NY 14831

644 Dairy, Food and Environmenlol Sanitation - AUGUST 2000 813 CoorsTek 51-01 Plug-Type Valves for Milk and Milk Products 1100 Commerce Park Dr. 239 LUMACO Oak Ridge, TN 37830 9-11 East Broadway 1067 Filtration Engineering Co., Inc. Hackensack, NJ 07601 12255 Ensign Avenue 357 Tanaco Products Champlin, MN 55316 3860 Loomis Trail Road Blaine, WA 98230 46-02 Refractometers and Energy-Absorbing Optical 759 VNE Corporation Sensors for Milk and Milk Products 1149 Barberry Dr. 697 Liquid Solids Control Janesville, Wl 53545 P.O. Box 259 761 Waukesha Cherry-Burrell Farm Street 611 Sugar Creek Road Upton, MA 01568 Delavan, WI 53115 742 Reflectronics, Inc. 772 Alfa Laval Flow Inc. 3(K)9 Montavesta Road G&H Division Lexington, KY 40502 P.O. Box 581909 750 PT Papertech Inc. Pleasant Prairie, Wl 53158-0909 301-2609 Westview Drive 777 Tech Controls Enterp North Vancouver BC V7N 4M2 Canada 3725 N. Murray Road 751 Maselli Misure S.p.A. Otis Orchard, WA 99027 c/o Maselli Meas. 780 L.C. Thomsen, Inc. P.O. Box 7571 1303-43rd St. Stockton, CA 95267 Kenosha, WI 53140 767 Foss NIRSystems, Inc. 781 Robert-James Sales, Inc. 12101 Tech Road 699 Hertel Ave. Suite 260 Silver Spring, MD 20S)04 Buffalo, NY 14207 783 J. Campdha Advantec Proc Sys 787 Cipriani Inc. 95 Wyngate Dr. 23195 LaCadena Dr., Suite 103 Newnan, GA 30265 Laguna Hills, CA 92653 785 Bran & Luebbe 788 WCB de Mexico, S.A. de C.V. 1025 Busch Pkwy. Alfredo B. Nobel #39 Buffalo Grove, IL 60089-4516 Fracc. Ind.Puente de Vigas 800 Epsilon Industrial Inc. Tlalnepantla Edo de Mexico 54070 Mexico 2215 Grand Avenue Parkway 790 Tri-Clover Inc. Austin, TX 78728 P.O. Box 1413 859 Electron Machine Corp. Kenosha, Wl 53141-1413 P.O. Box 2349 15824 CR450 West 52-02 Plastic Plug-Type Valves Umatilla, FL 32784 for Milk and Milk Products 919 Foss NIRSystems, Inc. 577 Ralet Defay 12101 Tech Road 66, Blvd. Polnc.are Silver Spring, MD 20904 1070 Brussels 921 optek-Danulat, Inc. Belgium 279 So. 17th Ave., Suite #10 907 L’A’UFER International AG West Bend, W1 53095 Finkenweg 2 940 K-Patents OY D-88709 P.O. Box 77 Germany Fin-01511 Vantaa Finland 955 Brimrose Corp. of America 53-01 Compression-Type Valves 5020 Campbell Blvd. for Milk and Milk Products Baltimore, MD 21236-4968 34 Tri-Clover Inc. 981 AW Company P.O. Box 1413 8809 Industrial Drive Franksville, W1 53126-9337 Kenosha, Wl 53141-1413 149 Q-Controls 47-00 Centrifigul and Positive Rotary Pumps 93 Utility Court for Pumping Cleaning and Sanitizing Solutions Rohnert Park, CA 94928 245 Westfalia Surge Technologies, Inc. 897 Ampco Pumps Co. 20903 W. Gale Ave. 4424 W. Mitchell Street Galesville, WI 54630 Milwaukee, WI 53214 376 Defontaine of America, Inc. 16720 W. Victor Road 50-00 Level Sensing Devices New Berlin, WI 53151 for Dry Milk and Dry Milk Products 443 Badger Meter 705 Venture Measurement LLC P.O. Box 581390 150 Venture Blvd. 6116E. 15th St. Spartanburg, SC 29306 Tulsa, OK 74158-1002

AUGUST 2000 - Dairy, Food and Environmentol Sanitation 645 467 Tuchenhagcn North America 796 VNE Corporation 9160 Red Branch Road P.O. Box 1698 Columbia, MD 21045 1149 Barberry Drive 483 On-Line Instrumentation Janesville, WI 53547 P.O. Box 541 804 Sudmo North America Route 376 6918 Forest Hills Road Hopewell June, NY 12533 Rockford, IL 61111 484 APV Americas-Lake Mills 8O6 Steri Technologies Inc. 100 South CP Ave. 857 Lincoln Ave. Lake Mills, W1 53551-1799 Bohemia, NY 11716 530 Alfa I,aval Flow Inc. 823 Sudmo-North Ameica 6918 Forest Hills Road G&H Division Rockford, IL 6l 111 P.O. Box 581909 881 Lucas & Associates Pleasant Prairie, W1 53158-0909 642 Alvarado St., No. 306 538 Cipriani Inc. San Francisco, CA 94114-3256 Suite #103 883 Keystone/Tyco Flow Control 23195 LaCadena Road 12-14 Kaimiro St., Pukete Ind. Laguna Hills, CA 92653 Pukete 542 L.C. Thom,sen, Inc. Hamilton, New Zealand 1303-43rd Street U.S. Rep: Keystone Valve USA, Inc. Kenosha, WI 53140 Houston, TX 551 WCB de Mexico, S.A. de C.V. 944 Samson Controls,Inc. Alfredo B. Nobel #39 4111 Cedar Blvd. Fracc. Ind. Pte. Vigas, Tlalnepantla Baytown, TX 77520 54070 Edo. MX. 54070 952 APV Americas-Lake Mills 555 Waukesha Cherry-Burrell 100 South CP Avenue 611 Sugar (Yeek Road Lake Mills, WI 53551-1799 Delavan, Wl 53115 954 Taylor Valve Technology, Inc. 561 Vacu-Purg Inc. 8300 SW 8th Street P.O. Box 272 Oklahoma City, OK 73128 214 West Main 978 Relco Unisystems Corp. Fredericksburg, LA 50630 P.O. Box 1689 570 LUMACO Willmar, MN 56201 9-11 East Broadway 1008 Univalve S.A. Hackensack, NJ 07601 Z.A. du Mittelfeld 1 584 Valvinox Inc. rue Alfred Kastler-F 650-1 Rue 67300 France Iberville Quebec J2X 3B8 Canada 1010 CANDIGRAyCIA 607 FLOWSERVE Corp. c/telers, 54 Aptdo 174 1300 Parkway View Drive 17820 Banyoles Spain Pittsburgh, PA 15205-1410 1038 AERRE INOX s.r.l. 652 Pierre Guerin Technologies Via delle Arti 26 179 Grand Rue 26010 FIESCO(CR) Italy BP. 12 U.S. Rep: CMG Industries, Inc. MAUZE 79210 France Laguna Hills, CA 686 Bardiani Valvole S.p.A. 1043 HOVAP Via G. Di Vittorio 30/B Professor Zemikestrasse 8 Fomovo Taro 43045 Italy Sneek 8606 JV Netherlands 716 Conexiones Inox (CIPSA) TYCO Valves & Controls Vicente Guerrero 211 1467 Elmwood Avenue Xicotepec de Edo Puebla Mexico Cranston, RI 02910 U.S. Rep; Ben Dolphin Consulting 4735 Lansing Drive 54-02 Diaphragm-Type Valves N. Olmstead, OH 44070 for Milk and Milk Products 730 APV Americas-Lake Mills 203 ITT Engrd Valves 100 South CP Ave. P.O. Box 6l64 Uke Mills, WI 53551-1799 33 Centerville Road 748 Richards Industries Lancaster, PA 17603-2064 3170 Wasson Road 494 Tri-Clover, Inc. Cincinnati, OH 45209-2381 P.O. Box 1413 762 Stainless Products Kenosha, WI 53141-1413 P.O. Box 169 514 H.D. Baumann Inc. 1649 - 72nd Ave. 35 Mirona Road Somers, WI 53171-0169 Portsmouth, NH 03801-5317

646 Dairy, food and Environmental Sanilatian - AUGUST 2000 S65 APV Americas-Lake Mills Andron Stainless Corp. 100 South CP Ave. Suite 101, 8901 Farrow Road Uke Mills, W1 53551-1799 Columbia, SC 29203 615 ASEPCO, Inc. 835 Alfa Laval Flow Inc. 1101 San Antonio Road, Suite 301 G&H Division Mountain View, CA 94043 P.O. Box 581909 617 Defontaine of America, Inc. Pleasant Prairie, Wl 53158-0909 16720 W Victor Road 843 APV Americas-Lake Mills New Berlin, W1 53151 100 South CP Avenue 637 Gemu Valves, Inc. Lake Mills, WI 53551-1799 3800 Camp Creek Pkwy, Bldg. 2600, Suite 110 857 Steel & O'Brien Mfg Inc. Atlanta, GA 30331 12850 Route 39 745 Cashco Inc. Sardinia, NY 14134 P.O. Box 6 908 Waukesha Cherry-Burrell Hwy. 140 West 611 Sugar Creek Road Ellsworth, KS 67439-00{Ki Delavan, WI 53115 814 Burkert Contromatic Corp. 968 MarketNet 2602 McGaw Avenue 2241 Quebec Avenue South Irvine, CA 92714 Saint Louis Park, MN 55426 856 Flowtech 986 Bradford C!ast Metals Div. of Teknoflow, Inc. P.O. Box 33 1701 Spinks Drive SE Elm Grove, Wl 53122 Marietta, (iA 30067-8925 995 DURABLA Fluid Technology 877 APV America-Lake Mills 140 Sheree Blvd. KM) South CP Avenue Exton, PA 19341-0566 Lake Mills, WI 53551-1799 1014 Check-All Valve Mfg. Co. 953 Burkert Contromatic Corp. P.O. Box 835 2602 McGaw Avenue Des Moines, IA 50304 Irvine, CA 92614 980 APV Americas-I,ake Mills 59-00 Automatic Positive Displacement Samplers 100 South CP Avenue far Milk and Milk Praducts I,ake Mills, Wl 53551-1799 284 Bristol Equipment Co. P.O. Box 696 55-01 Boot Seal-Type Valves for Milk and Milk Products 210 Beaver Street 821 Keofitt a/s Yorkville, IL 60560-0696 Snaremosevej 27 291 Accurate Metering Systems DK-7000 Denmark 1651 Wilkening Road Keofitt c/o R.,B.,V.,N., & R. Schaumburg, IL 60173 1000 N. Water St. 1037 AERRE INOX s.r.l. Milwaukee, WI Via delle Arti 26 26010 FIESCO Italy 56-00 Inlet and Outlet Leak-Protector Plug-Type CMG Industries Valves for Milk and Milk Products Laguna Hills, CA 34 Tri-Clover Inc. P.O. Box 1413 60-00 Rupture Discs far Milk and Milk Praducts Kenosha, Wl 53141-1413 407 Continental Disc 3160 Heartland Dr. 57-01 Tank Outlet Valves for Milk and Milk Products Liberty, MO 64068-3850 534 LUMACO 854 Fike Metal Products 9-11 East Broadway Div. Pike Corp. Hackensack, NJ 07601 704 South 10th Street 643 Paul Mueller Co. Blue Springs, MO 64015 1600 W. Phelps Street 892 OSECO Springfield, MO 65801 1701 West Tacoma Broken Arrow, OK 74012 58-00 Vacuum Breakers and Check Valves for Milk and Milk Products 61 -00 Steam Injectian Heaters 689 VNE Corporation far Milk and Milk Praducts 1149 Barberry Drive 560 Pick Heaters Inc. Janesville, WI 53545 P.O. Box 516 691 Defontaine of America, Inc. 730 Indiana Ave. 16720 W Victor Road West Bend, Wl 53095 New Berlin, WI 53151 728 APV Americas - 834 Stanfos Inc. Heat Transfer Division 3908-69th Avenue 395 Fillmore Ave. Edmonton, Alberta T6B 2V2 Canada Tonowanda, NY 14150

AUGUST 2000 - Dairy, Food and Environmentol Sanitation 647 811 Hydro-Thermal Inc. 200 Paul Mueller Company 400 Pilot Court P.O. Box 828 Waukesha, W1 53188 1600 West Phelps Street 874 Q-Jct DSI, Inc. Springfield, MO 65801 P.O. Box 748 242 WCB de Mexico, S.A. de C.V. 303 State Street Alfredo B. Nobel #39 North Haven, CT 06473 Fracc. Ind. Pte. Vigas, 991 Komax Systems, Inc. Tlalnepantla Edo de Mexico 54070 Mexico 508 East “E” Street 304 VNE Corporation Wilmington, CA 90744 1149 Barberry Dr. Janesville, WI 53545 62- 01 Hose Assemblies for Milk and Milk Products 334 Stainless Products, Inc. 698 Sanitaiy’ Couplers Inc. P.O. Box 169 275 South Pioneer Blvd. 1649 • 72nd Ave. Springboro, OH 45066 Somers, WI 53171-0169 700 Titan Industries Inc. 349 A.P.N. Inc. 11121 Garfield Avenue 921 Industry Road South Gate, CA 90280 Caledonia, MN 55921 721 Dixon Valve & Coupling 380 Allegheny Bradford Corp. 800 High St. P.O. Box 200 Chestertown, MD 21620 Bradford, PA 16701 727 Saint-Gobain Performance Plastics 389 Lee Industries 460 Milltown Road P.O. Box 688 Bridgewater, NJ 08807 514 W Pine St. 757 Nelson-Jameson Inc. Philipsburg, PA 16866 P.O. Box 647 391 Stork Food & Dairy Systems, Inc. 2400 E. 5th St. P.O. Box 1258 Marshfield, WI 54449 1024 Airport Pkwy. 758 Crouch Supply Co. Gainesville, GA 30503 P.O. Box 163829 424 Robert-James Sales,Inc. 902 S. Jennings 699 Hertel Ave. Ste 260 Ft Worth, TX 76161 Buffalo, NY 14207 774 The Briggs Co. 449 Tech Control Enterprise Co. 3 Bellecor Drive 3725 N. Murray Road New Castle, DE 19720 Otis Orchard, WA 99027 795 Able Hose & Rubber Inc. 454 Jensen Fittings Corp. 2307 E. Hennepin Ave. 107-11 Goundry St. Minneapolis, MN 55413 N. Tonawanda, NY 14120-5998 799 R/W Connection 621 Bradford Castmetals, Inc. 936 Links Ave. P.O. Box 33 Landisville, PA 17538 Elm Grove, WI 53122 1003 Dixson Valve and Coupling Company 645 Cipriani Inc. 800 High Street 23195 LaCadena Dr. #103 Chestertown, MD 21620-1196 Laguna Hills, CA 92653 677 Excel-A-Tec Inc. 63- 02 Sanitary Fittings for Milk and Milk Products W 140 N5958 Lilly Road 31 Walker Stainless Equip. Menomonee Falls, WI 53051 P.O. Box 202 682 Andron Stainless Ltd. 625 State Street 6170 Tomken Road New Lisbon, Wl 53950-0202 Mississauga Ontario L5T 1X7 Canada 34 Tri-Clover Inc. U.S. Rep: Andron Stainless Corp. 8901 Farrow Road, #101 P.O. Box 1413 Columbia, SC 29203 Kenosha, WI 53141-1413 688 Swagelok 67 Alfa Laval Flow Inc., G&H Div. 29500 Solon Road P.O. Box 581909 Solon, OH 44139 Pleasant Prairie, Wl 53158-0909 696 Conexiones Inox. (CIPSA) 73 L.C. Thomsen Inc. Vicente Guerrero 211 1303-43rd Street Ciudad Xicotepec Edo Puebla Mexico Kenosha, Wl 53140 699 Rodger Industries 79 APV Americas-Lake Mills P.O. Box 186 100 South CP Avenue Blenheim Ontario NOP lAO Canada Lake Mills, Wl 53551-1799 703 Parker Hannifin Corp. 82 Waukesha Cherry-Burrell UHP Products Division 6l 1 Sugar Creek Road 1005 A Cleaner Way Delavan, WI 53115 Huntsville, AL 35805

648 Dairy, Food and Environmental Sanitation - AUGUST 2000 707 Valvinox Inc. 1017 United Pacific Distributors SGRM Div. 1040 Wallace Place 650-1st St. City of Industry, CA 91748 Iberville Quebec J2X 3B8 Canada 1018 Advance Fittings Corp. 726 Norton Performance Plastics P.O. Box 678 460 Milltown Road 218 West Centralia Street Bridgewater, NJ 18103 Elkhom, WI 53121 741 Steel & O’Brien Mfg 1036 AERRE INOX s.r.l. 12850 Route 39 Via delle Arti 26 Sardinia, NY 14134 26010 FIESCO Italy 773 VNE Corporation CMG Industries, Inc. P.O. Box 1698 Laguna Hills, CA Janesville, W1 53547 1054 Hyjoin, Ltd. 838 Quality Management Inc. (QMI) 28 Clifton Hill 426 Hayward Avenue North London NW8 OQG UK St. Paul, MN 55128 1059 Sani-Fit, Inc. 900 APV Americas-Lake Mills 54 Carolina Street 100 South CP Avenue Springville, NY 14141 Lake Mills, WI 53551-1799 1060 Thai-German Products Pb.Co.Ltd. 917 Irving Polishing & Mfg Co., Inc. 170/25-28 Ocean Towerl, 10 Fir. 5704 46th Street Ratchadaphiseak Road, Klongtoey Kenosha, Wl 53144-1899 Bangkok 10110 THAILAND 925 Hassia USA, Inc. U.S. Rep: Norce Industrial LLC 1210 Campus Drive West Great Neck, NY 11022 Morganville, NJ 07751 1080 J. Chen Business Company, Ltd. 933 King Lai International Co., LTD No.7 Lane 135 Sec. 2 No. 10 6th East St. Shi-Tzuen St. Youth Industrial Zone Sunhlin City, Taipei, Taiwan Tachia,Taichung Taiwan ROC ROC 947 FLOW MECA, INC. 19400 Stevens Creek Bid., Suite 200 64- 00 Pressure Reducing and Back Pressure Regulating Cupertino, CA 95014 Valves far Milk and Milk Products 948 VNE Corporation 753 Alfa Laval Flow Inc. 1149 Barberry Drive Sanitary Flow Division Janesville, 'WI 53547 P.O. Box 581909 949 CANDIGRA y CIA Pleasant Prairie, WI 53158-0909 C/. TeIers,54-Aptdo.l74 769 Richards Industries Banyoles Spain Valve Group 960 Kurt Orban Partners 3170 Wasson Road 450 Kings Road Cincinnati, OH 45209-2381 Brisbane, CA 94005 782 CASHCO 962 CrVACON P.O. Box 6 416 East Alondra Blvd. Ellsworth, KS 67439-0006 Gardena, CA SK)248 969 MarketNet 65- 00 Sight and/or Light Windows and Sight Indicators 2241 Quebec Avenue South in Contact with Milk and Milk Products Saint Louis Park, MN 55426 818 Tri-Clover Inc. 985 Bradford Cast Metals P.O. Box 1413 P.O. Box 33 Kenosha, WI 53141-1413 Elm Grove, WI 53122 845 L.J. Star Incorporated 987 Trident Stainless Mfg. Ltd. P.O. Box 1116 4635 Burgoyne St. 2201 Pinnacle Parkway Units 17-18 Twinsburg, OH 44087 Mississauga Ontario L4W 1V9 Canada 849 Jacoby TarBox Division of 992 Taitech Precision Industries The Clark Reliance Corp. 2000 North Ivar Avenue 16633 Foltz Ind Pkwy. Los Angeles, CA 90068 Strongsville, OH 44136 1006 Westfalia-Surge Technologies, Inc. 20903 W. Gale Avenue 867 J.M. Canty, Inc. Galesville, WI 54630 6100 Donner Road 1007 Westfalia -Surge Technologies, Inc. Lockport, NY 14096 20903 W. Gale Avenue 929 SHAE Industries Galesville, Wl 54630 P.O. Box 1268 1016 Becker, Inc. Healdsburg, CA 95448 P.O. Box 1258 970 MarketNet 6705 14th Ave. 2241 Quebec Avenue South Kenosha, WI 53140 Saint Louis Park, MN 55426

AUGUST 2000 - Dairy, Food and Environmentol Sanitation 649 974 Steel & O’Brien Mfg., Inc. 405 Drexelbrook Engmg 12850 Route 39 205 Keith Valley Road Sardinia, NY 14134 Horsham, PA 19044 994 Taitech Preci.sion Industries 410 Viatran Corp. 2000 North Ivar Ave. 300 Industrial Drive Los Angeles, C:a 900681 Grand Lsland, NY 14072 420 Stork Food & Dair\' Systems, Inc. 68-00 Ball-Type Valves far Milk and Milk Praducts 1024 Airport Pkw>'., P.O. Box 1258 898 Fluid Transfer Gainesville, GA .30503 Div. of Lee Ind., Inc. 428 Ari Industries 514 W Fine Street 381 Ari Court Philipsburg, PA 16866 Addi.son, IL 60101 931 LUMACO 444 Tuchenhagen N America 9-11 East Broadway 9160 Red Branch Road Hacken.sack, NJ 07601 Columbia, MD 21045 459 Endress + Hauser GmbH -•• Co. 1022 Bradford Castmetals, Inc. 2350 Endress Place, P.O. Box 246 P.O. Box 33 Greenwood, IN 46143 Elm Grove, WI 53122 487 Pyromation Inc. 1032 Bowlswitch USA. INC. 5211 Industrial Road 6580 Valley Center Drive, Box 6 Fort Wayne, IN 46825-5152 Radford, VA 24141 495 Rosemount Analytical, Inc. 1048 IBCC Industries, Inc. 2400 Barranca Pkwy. 3200 S. 3rd Street Irvine, CA 92606 Milwaukee, WI 53207 501 Lumenite Control Technology 2331 North 17th Ave. 73-00 Shear Mixers, Mixers, and Agitators Franklin Park, IL 601.31 901 Admix, Inc. 515 Setra Systems Inc. 234 Abby Road 159 Swanson Road Manchester, NH 03103 Boxborough, MA 01719 957 Admix, Inc. 522 Weed Instmment Co. 234 Abby Road P.O. Box 300 Manchester, NH 03103-3332 707 Jeffrey Way Round Rock, TX 78680 74-00 Sensors and Sensor Fittings and Connections 523 Paper Machine Comp Used on Fluid Milk and Milk Products Miry Brook Road 32 ABB Instrumentation, Inc. Danbury’, CT 06810 P.O. Box 20550 524 Flow Technology, Inc. 1175 John St. 4250 E. Broadway Roche.ster, NY 14602-0550 Phoenix, AZ 85040 206 The Foxboro Company 525 Caldwell Systems Corp. N02-1B 600 S. Sunset, Unit D 33 Commercial St. Longmont, CO 80501 Foxboro, MA 02035-2099 554 Par-Sonics Inc. 285 K Systems Corp. R.D. #1 Box 505 Tank Mate Division Centre Hall, PA 16828 4931 Butterfield Road 557 Honeywell, Inc. Hillside, IL 60162 1100 Virginia Dr. 315 Bums Engineering Ft. Washington, PA 190.34 10201 Bren Road East 563 P I Components Minnetonka, MN 55343 1951 Hwy 2S'0W 318 Anderson Instruments Brenham, TX 77833 156 Auriesville Road 569 Weiss Instmments Fultonville, NY 12072 905 Waverly Avenue 328 Rosemount Inc., Holtsville, NY’ 11742 572 IIT Conoflow Mail Stop PK04 P.O. Box 768 8200 Market Blvd. Route 78 Chanhassen, MN 55317-1126 St. George, SC 29477 367 RdF Corporation 576 AMETEK P.O. Box 490 Test/Calibration Inst. Div. 23 Elm Avenue 8600 Somerset Dr. Hudson, NH 03051-0490 Largo, FL 3464.3 396 King Engineering 583 S.J. Controls P.O. Box 1228 2248 Obispo Ave. Ann Arbor, MI 48106 Long Beach, CA 90806

650 Dairy, food and Environmental Sanitation - AUGUST 2000 -V Iff f

DiverseyLever Equipment Computer Instruments 2841 Mission Street 1000 Shames Drive Santa Cruz, CA 95060-2142 Westbury, NY 11590 Minco Products Winters Thermogauges 7300 Commerce Lane 121 Railside Road Minneapolis, MN 55432-3177 Toronto Ontario M3A 1B2 Canada Magnetrol Inti. Venture Measurement LLC: 5300 Belmont Road 150 Venture Blvd. Downers Grove, IL 60515 Spartanburg, SC 29306 Nuova Fima S.p.A. SensorTec Inc. Via C. Battisti 59 7620 DiSalle Blvd. 28045- INVORIO Italy Fort Wayne, IN 46825 U.S. Rep: MDI Industrial Sales ABB Automation, Inc. 9868-33 Ave. Instrumentation Division Alberta, Canada T6N 125 East County Line Road EMC Invalco Inc. Warminster, PA 18974 2825 W. Washington Alloy Engr Co. Inc. Stephenville, TX 76401 P.O. Box 4036 Weksler Instruments 304 Sea view Ave. Dres.ser Industries Bridgeport, CT 06607-0036 250 E. Main Street Haenni Instruments AG Stratford, CT 06497 Bemstrasse 59 Larad Equipment CH-3303 Switzerland 18Menfi Way U.S. Rep: Haenni Instruments Inc. Hopedale, MA 01747 1107 Wright Avenue Milltronics Gretna, LA 70056 P.O. Box 4225 PerkinElmer Instruments, Inc. 1954 Technology Drive 801 S. Illinois Ave. Peterborough Ontario K9J 7B1 Canada Oak Ridge, TN 37831-0895 U.S. Rep: Milltronics, Inc. Tri-Clover Inc. 709 E. Stadium Dr. P.O. Box 1413 Arlington, TX 76001 Kenosha, WI 53141-1413 ISE of Texas Inc. MTS Sensors Div. 907 Bay Star Blvd. 3001 Sheldon Dr. Webster, TX 77598-1531 Cary, NC 27513 Griffith Ind. Products Wahl Instruments Inc. P.O. Box 111 234 Weaverville Hwy. Pearl Avenue Asheville, NC 28804 Putnam, CT 06260 Sensotec, Inc. Dresser Industries 2080 Arlingate Lane 250 E. Main St. Columbus, OH 43228-4112 Stratford, CT 06497 Honeywell, Inc. Tempress A/S PA62/212 P.O. Box 2090 1100 Virginia Drive Nordlandsvej 64-66 Fort Washington, PA 19034 Risskov DK8240 Denmark Kay-Ray/Sensall Inc. Princo Instruments 1400 Business Center Dr., Ste.lOO 1020 Industrial Highway Mount Prospect, IL 60056 Southampton, PA 1896^4095 ProMag Ltd. WIKA Instruments Corp. 11552 Merchant Drive 1000 Wiegand Blvd. Baton Rouge, LA 70809 Lawrenceville, GA 30243-5868 Ametek Granzow Inc. 820 Pennsylvania Blvd. 2300 Crownpoint Exec Dr. Feasterville, PA 19053 Charlotte, NC 28227 DCT Instruments/Sensotec, Inc. Venture Measurement LLC 2080 Arlingate Lane 150 Venture Blvd. Columbus, OH 43228-4112 Spartanburg, SC 29306 H O Trerice Co. Dresser Equipment Group 12950 W Eight Mile Road Instrument Division Oak Park, MI 48237-3288 210 Old Gate Lane Klay Instruments B.V Milford, CT 06460 Nijverheidsweg 5 GP:50 New York LTD P.O. Box 13 P.O. Box 1150 NL 7991 CZ Netherlands 2770 Long Road U.S. Rep: HiTech Technologies Inc. Grand Island, NY 14072 Yardley, PA 19067-7706

AUGUST 2000 - Daiiy, Food ond Environmental Sonitotion 651 850 C;hicago Stainless Kquip. 977 elector, Inc. 1280 S.W. 34th Street A subsidiary of ifm electronic Palm City, FI. 34990-3308 805 Springdale Drive 861 Dwyer Instruments Inc. Exton, PA 19341 P.O. Box 373 982 Reotemp Instr.-Corp. Michigan City, IN 46361-0373 11568 Sorrento Valley Road, Suite 10 862 Delta Controls C;orp. San Diego, CA 92121-1313 585 Fortson Street 983 OIIMARTWEGA Corp. Shreveport, lA '^1107 4241 Allendorf Drive 863 Nelson-Jameson (ancinnati, OH 45209 P.O. Box 647 984 (iarner Industries 2400 East Fifth Street 4200 North 48th Street Lincoln, NE 68504 Marshfield, WI 54449 1000 pro/M/tec, Inc. 866 Dovex S.S. Inc. 1201 Braddock ,Ave., Suite 2 770 Tower Drive Pittsburgh, PA 15218 Medina, MN 55340 1002 Milltronics 872 Brookfield Eng. Lab Inc. Nikkelstraad 10 11 Ca)mmerce Boulevard NL4823 AB Middleboro, MA 02346 Breda Netherlands «73 Smar Equipamentos Industriasis, Ltd. 1013 Rheology Ser\ ices, Inc. Av. Dr. Antonio Furlan Jr., 1028 160 Market St., Suite 7 Sertaozinho-SP 14160.000 Brazil Saddle Brook, NJ 07663 875 SOR Inc. 1028 SAN TRAN.COM, INC. 14685 West 105th Street ■’524 W. 98th Place Lenexa, KS 66215 Bridgeview, 11.60455 i 876 Rosemount Inc. 1033 SAN-TRAN.Ct)M, INC. 8200 Market Blvd., Mail Stop PK04 7524 W. 98th Place (dianha.ssen, MN 55317-1126 Bridgeview, 11. 60455 8''9 Zurich Acessorio Ind Ltda 1047 Viatran (Corporation Rua Serra da Predade, 183 300 Industrial Drive Sao Paulo-SP 03131-080 Brazil Grand Island, NY 14072 893 Kistler-Morse (atrp. 1051 Endress-r-Hau.ser (Conducta 19021 - 120th Ave. N.E. Dieselstrasse 24 Bothell, WA 98011-9511 D-70839 Germany 1061 Ma.selli Measurements, Inc. 896 ABB Instrumentation 7746 Lorraine Avenue 2175 Lockheed Way Stockton, (.A 95210 C^arson ('.ity, NV 89706 lO-O Pondus Instruments AB 906 Mettler-Toledo Box I'B Process Analytical, Inc. S-162 12 261 Ballardvale Street V'allingby Sweden Wilmington, MA 01887 II.S. Rep: ABB Instmmentation 909 Ohmart/VEGA 4241 Allendorf Drive 75-00 Belt-Type Feeders (ancinnati, OH 45209-9961 1078 Brabender Technologie Inc. 910 CEMCO Manufacturing, Inc. 6500 Kestrel Road 1120 North Pettria Tulsa, OK 74106-4904 Mississauga Ontario L5T 1Z6 (Canada 930 Kamstrup A/S, Process Division 78-00 Spray Devices to Remain in Place Jacob Knudsens Vej 12 DK-8230 Abyhoj Denmark 988 Holdren Brothers, Inc. 936 ENFM-USA, Inc. 301 Runklc Street, P.O. Box 459 West Liberty, OH 43357 11339 East Distribution Avenue 993 Lechler, Inc. Jacksonville, EL 32256 445 Kautz Road 945 Kemotron, Inc. St. Charles, IL 60174-5301 1090 Northcase Parkway, Suite 200 S. 1040 Spraying Systems Co. Marietta, GA 30067 P.O. Box 7900 961 KDG Instruments Wheaton, 11.60189-7900 (Tompton Way Crawley, W. Sussex RH102YZ UK 81 -00 Auger-Type Feeders 963 Gl.I International, Inc. 1049 Tetra Pak Hoyer 9020 West Dean Road 753 Geneva Parkway, P.(4. Box 280 Milwaukee, WI 53224 l.ake (ieneva, WI 53147 966 ODEN CORPORATION 1079 Brabender Technologies Inc. 255 Great Arrow Avenue 6500 Kestrel Road Buffalo, NY 14207-3024 Mississauga (Ontario L5T 1Z6 (Canada

652 Dairy, Food and Environmentol Sanitation - AUGUST 2000 Register Now! Pre-Registration Deadline September 8, 2000 /a\ pumps //3a\ lor The Second NSF International SANITARY APPLICATIONS Conference on Food Safety FOOD • DAIRY • BIOLOGICAL Preventing Foodborne Illness ENVIRONMENTAL • DRUG Through Science and Education Hyatt Regency Hotel • Patented Valveless Design Savannah, Georgia, USA • Flow Rates Variable - pi to 4,600 ml/min October 11-13, 2000 • 12 Models - AC, DC, Explo-Proof, Variable, Pneumatic, No Motor • Pressures up to 100 psig • Liquids or Gases • 1% Accuracy • Corrosion Resistant • Delivery from STOCK Call Toll Free ✓ General Sessions (888) FMI-PUMP • (888-364-7867) g » 0 ✓ Interactive Poster Sessions ✓ Training Courses FLUID METERING, INC. 5 AERIAL WAY, SUITE 500, SYOSSET, NY 11791 ✓ Exhibits — (516) 922.6050 • FAX (516) 624.6261 • h11p://wwwJinIpiinip.cofn Proceedings ✓ Reader Service No. 128 ✓ Round Table Discussions ✓ Social Events ✓ Guest Activities

SPONSORS • American Association OF Meat Processors • Association of Food AND Drug Officials ^ofe f • Exterior Assessments • Food Processors Institute • National Association of • Foodsekvice Equipment Local Boards of Health Why Participate? Reports Magazine • National Food Processors • Foodservice Equipment & Association Suppues Magazine • National Environmental • Food Testing and Analysis Health Association The FIGHT BAG!™ campaign is one of the Magazine • NSF International most far-reaching and ambitious public educa¬ • HeaithMinder • Pan American Health tion efforts ever to focus on safe food handling. • International Association Organization FOR Food Protection It was created by the Partnership for Food • Technical Food • Johnson Wax Professional Information Spectrum Safety Education, a unique coalition of industry, government and consumer groups. FIGHT BAC!'“ will help consumers who have poor knowl¬ For more information or to register, edge of basic sanitation and food preparation take contact Cherrie Bacon at: steps to greatly reduce their risks of foodborne NSF international Food Safety Conference illness. Join this effort and you can help close the 789 North Dixboro Road Ann Arbor, Michigan 48105 USA gap! For information on joining the FIGHT BAG!™ Telephone: 734-827-6865 campaign, contact: The Partnership for Food Fax: 734-827-6831 /6840 Safety Education, Phone: 202.452.8444; Fax: 202. E-mail: [email protected] • http: www.nsf.org 422.0873; Web site: www.fightbac.org.

AUGUST 2000 - Dairy, Food ond Environmental Sanitation 653 ComingEvents

SEPTEMBER • 19-21, Washington Assn, for OCTOBER Food Protection Annual Meet¬ •10-12, The International • 2-3, International Fresh-cut ing, WestCoast Wenatchee Center Exposition for Food Proces¬ Produce Association (IFPA) 8th Hotel, Wenatchee, WA. For more Annual Technical Seminar, “Bio¬ sors* (lEFP) 2001, Sands Expo & information, contact Bill Brewer at technology; Friend or Foe?” Convention Center, Las Vegas, NV. 206.363.5411. Monterey Marriott, Monterey, CA. For additional information, contact •23-27, Plasticulture 2000, For further information, contact Nancy Janssen or Cheryl Clark at Hershey Lodge and Convention Cen¬ Stephanie Grunenfelder at 703. 703.684.1080; 800.331.8816 (US ter, Hershey, PA. See active field 299.6282. and Canada only); fax: 703.548. demonstrations of machinery, crops •4-5, Iowa Assn, of Milk, 6563; Web site: [email protected]. grown in plasticulture systems and Food & Environmental Sanitar¬ •12-13, Upper Midwest special tours. For more information, ians, Inc., Best Western Starlight Dairy Industry Association An¬ contact The American Society for Hotel, Ames, lA. For additional in¬ nual Meeting, Holiday Inn, St. Plasticulture at 814.238.7045. formation, contact Monica Streicher Cloud, MN. For additional infor¬ • 24-27, InterMopro 2000, at 319.933.4521, ext. 222. mation, contact Paul Nierman at InterCool 2000, and InterMeat • 5-6, Alberta Assn, of Milk, 612.785.0484. 2000, Diisseldorf, Germany. For Food & Environmental Sanitar¬ • 12-13, Food Plant Sanita¬ further information, contact Messe ians Meeting, Bernard Schnell Hall, tion Workshop, Chicago, IL. For Diisseldorf North America, 150 University of Alberta in Edmonton, additional information, contact A IB, N. Michigan Ave., Suite 2920, Chi¬ Alberta, Canada. For additional in¬ 1213 Bakers Way, P.O. Box 3999, cago, IL 60601; phone: 312.781. formation, contact Bonnie Jensen at Manhattan, KS 66505-3999; phone: 5180; fax: 312.781.5188; Web site: 780.495.2188. 785.537.4750; fax: 785.537.1493. www.mdna.com. •9-11, Eighth International • 12-14, Wyoming Environ¬ • 25-27, Indiana Environ¬ Symposium on Animal, Agricul¬ mental Health Association An¬ mental Health Association, Inc. tural and Food Processing nual Meeting, Little America Ho¬ Fall Educational Conference, Wastes (ISAAFPW), Marriott Con¬ tel, Cheyenne, WY. For additional Radisson, Evansville, IN. Contact ference Center, Des Moines, lA. information, contact Nola Evans at Helene Uhlman at 219.853.6358 or Co-sponsored by lAFP. For addi¬ 307.745.4591. Bob Schmidt at 812.349.2542. tional information, phone Brenda • 12-16, The National Society •27-28, Wisconsin Milk & for Healthcare Foodservice Food Sanitarians Association West at 800.371.2723. •11-12, Associated Illinois Man-agement 2000 Conference, Meeting, Regency Suites, Green Milk, Food & Environmental at the Registry Resort, Naples, FL. Bay, WI. For further information, Sanitarians, Stoney Creek Inn, East For further information, contact contact Randy Daggs at 608.266. Peoria, IL. For additional informa¬ Sheila Crowley at 202.546.7236; 9376. tion, contact Tom Gruetzmacher at fax: 202.547.6348. • 29-Oct. 2, 2nd Biennial 5-A 815.395.8797. •14-15, Microbiological Day International Symposium, Concerns in Food Plant Sanita¬ Washington Monarch Hotel, Wash¬ • 11-13, Second NSF Interna¬ tion and Hygiene, Huntington ington, D.C. Public health profes¬ tional Conference on Food Beach.CA. ITiis course is designed for sionals and produce industry lead¬ Safety: Preventing Foodborne individuals responsible for imple¬ ers interested in implementing or Illness through Science and Edu¬ menting and monitoring sanitation strengthening community-based cation. The conference will be held programs. For further information, public/private partnerships to im¬ in Savannah, GA at the Hyatt Re¬ contact Silliker Laboratories Group, prove health in their own countries gency. Co-sponsored by I AFP and Inc., at 800.829.7879; Web site: should attend this conference. For other organizations. For additional www.Silliker.com. more information, contact National information, contact Wendy Raeder • 19-21, New York State Assn, Cancer Institute at 301.496.8520; at 734.827.6888; fax: 734.827. of Milk & Food Sanitarians, E-mail: [email protected]; 7114/6831; E-mail: [email protected]. Sheraton Inn, Syracuse, NY. For ad¬ or Produce for Better Health Foun¬ • 12-13, HACCP Workshop, ditional information, contact Janene dation at 302.235.2329, ext. 32; Industry, CA. For additional infor¬ Lucia at 607.255.2892. E-mail: [email protected]. mation, contact AIB, 1213 Bakers

654 Dairy, Food and Environmental Sanitation - AUGUST 2000 Way, P.O. Box 3999, Manhattan, KS • 8-10, Servsafe* for the Retail • 21-23, Second National On- 66505-3999; phone: 785.537.4750; and Food Service Sector, Guelph, Farm Food Safety and Quality fax: 785.537.1493. Ontario, Canada. For more details, Assurance Conference, Novotel •23-25, The 2000 New contact Marlene Inglis, Guelph Food Launceston, Tasmania. For more in¬ Mexico Environmental Health Technology Centre at 519.836.1246; formation, contact Tasmanian Qual¬ Conference, Albuquerque Conven¬ fax: 519.821.1281; E-mail: gftc@ ity Assured Inc., P.O. Box 193, tion Center, Albuquerque, NM. For uoguelph.ca. Launceston 7250, Tasmania; phone: additional information, contact • 12, lAFP Workshop, Latin 03.6331.6377; fax: 03.6331.4344; Tom Duker, P.O. Box 27176, Albu¬ American Workshop on Safety E-mail: [email protected]. querque, NM 87125-7176; phone: of Exported Produce, Guadalajara •30, HACCP: An Executive 505.924.3667; fax: 505.924.3684; Mission Carlton Hotel, Guadalajara, Summary, Guelph, Ontario, Canada. E-mail: [email protected]. Mexico. Watch our Web site at For more details, contact Marlene • 24-25, Michigan Environ¬ www.foodprotection.org for more Inglis, Guelph Food Technology mental Health Association’s information. Centre at 519.821.1246; fax: 519. (MEH A) Annual Food Protection •12-16, American Public 836.1281; E-mail: [email protected]. Conference, Amway Grand Hotel, Health Association’s 128th An¬ Grand Rapids, Ml. For additional in¬ nual Meeting, Boston, MA. For formation, contact Diane L. Forys, more information, phone: 202.777. DECEMBER Food Protection Conference Chair¬ 2470; fax: 202.777.2531; E-mail: person, (MEH A) at 810.987.5306 or • 4-5, Food Safety Objectives: [email protected]. Public Health, HACCP and Sci¬ fax: 810.985.2150. • 13-16, Pacific Congress on • 31, North Dakota Environ¬ ence Conference, Georgetown Milk Quality and Mastitis Con¬ University, Washington, D.C. For mental Health Association An¬ trol, Nagano, Japan. Co-sponsored nual Conference,Grand Forks further information, contact by lAFP. For additional information, Phillipa Orme, FSO 2000 Confer¬ Holiday Inn, Grand Forks, ND. For contact Secretariat for PC2000, ence Secretariat, 12 Church St., West additional information, contact Philpot and AsstK'iates International, Hanney, Wantage, Oxon 0X12 OLN, Debra Larson at 701.328.1292. P.O. Box 120, Homer, LA 71040; UK; Phone 44.01235.868811. Fax: phone: 318.927.2388; fax: 318.927. 44.01235.868811; E-mail: p.orme@ NOVEMBER 3133; E-mail: philpot@homerla. com. diaLpipex.com. • 8-10, International Life Sci¬ • 16-17, Alabama Association •4-6, InterBev 2000, Morial ences Institute (ILSI) Europe 2nd for Food Protection Annual Convention Center, New Orleans, International Symposium on Meeting. For additional informa¬ LA. For more information call Joe Food Packaging—Ensuring the tion, contact Patricia Lindsey at Nemchek at 203.840.5949. Safety and Quality of Foods, 256.734.0243. • 13-14, HACCP IV: Train the Vienna, Austria. For more informa¬ • 15-17, IFT’s International Trainer, Guelph, Ontario, Canada. tion, contact ILSI Europe, Avenue E. Food Safety and Quality Confer¬ For more details, contact Marlene Mounier, 83-Box 6-B, 1200 Brussels, ence and Expo, Orange County Inglis, Guelph Food Technology Belgium, or phone: 32.2.771.00.14; Convention Center, Orlando, FL. For Centre at 519.821.1246; fax: 519. fax: 32.2.762.00.44; E-mail: Packa¬ additional information, call 312.782. 836.1281; E-mail: gftc@uoguelph. [email protected]. 8424.

The Eighth International Symposium on Animal, Agricultural and Food GOSSELIN & BLANCHE! Processing Wastes Butter-Making Equipment (ISAAFPW 2000) New and Used Sales. Service. Parts. OCTOBER 9-OCTOBER 11, 2000 Des Moines, Iowa Sponsored by the American Society of B & J REPAIR SERVICE Agricultural Engineers •4818N. Bailey Rd. • This .ASAE conference and exhibition will concen¬ trate on managing wastes and nutnents from agricul¬ Coral, Ml 49322 tural production and food processing, including treat¬ ment processes and utilization, and environmental (231) 354-6629 impacts, particularly to land water. Phone 800-371- 2723 or Email: hnp://asae.org Reader Service No. 109

AUGUST 2000 - Dairy, Food ond Environmental Sanitation 655 ADVERTISING INDEX Order 3-A Standards 3-A Sanitary Standards Symbol Administrative online at Council.Back Cover B & J Repair Service.655 WWW .3-A.org Capitol Vial, Inc.634 International Association of Food Industry DQCd Services, Inc.611 Suppliers (lAFIS) in cooperation with the Fluid Metering.653 International Association for Food Protection (lAFP) created the 3-A Web site to promote Food Processors Institute.593 awareness of the 3-A Program and to provide Gardex Chemicals.593 the opportunity to order 3-A Standards online. Kness Mfg. Co., Inc.597 The 3-A Web site’s online store offers the 3-A Michelson Laboratories, Inc.620 Standards in English and Spanish. Users can choose to have printed copies of complete sets NSF International, Inc.597 or individual Standards delivered, or they can Oxoid, Inc.Inside Front Cover instantly download electronic PDF files right to their desktop. Multi-user access to PDF Standards Seiberling Associates, Inc.620 is also available for corporate networks. Sneezeguard Solutions.625 To order by phone in the United States and Canada call 800.699.9277; Outside US and Solar Biologicals.625 Canada call 734.930.9277; or Fax: 734.930.9088.

6200 Aurora Avenue, Suite 200W International Association for Des Moines, lA 50322-2863, USA Phone: 800.369.6337 • 515.276.3344 Fax: 515.276.8655 Food Protection E-mail: infoGfoodprotection.org Formerly lAMFES Web site: www.foodprotection.org

Reader Service Card DFES August ‘00 Expires: November 30, 2000 (International expiration: February 28, 2001)

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656 Dairy, Food and Environmental Sonitotion - AUGUST 2000 CareetServicesSection

Corporate Director of Microbiology Welch’s, the world’s leading marketer of Silliker Laboratories, the global leader in Concord grape and other fruit-based products, food microbiology and chemistry testing, has immediate openings for a Quality Specialist education and consulting, has an opening for a and a Senior Quality Specialist at our Technology Corporate Director of Microbiology. Responsi¬ Center in Billerica, Massachusetts. bilities include; providing technical direction to all Silliker microbiology personnel, coordinat¬ QUALITY SPECIAUST ing corporate efforts related to quality systems, Responsible for quality systems, sanitation managing projects within the area of expertise and process capability audits of potential and and providing consulting services to clients as existing co-packers, licensees and suppliers with needed. Applicants must have an advanced a major focus in the fresh fruit business. Develops degree (Ph.D. preferred) in Microbiology or and issues quality specifications and procedures. Food Science with a strong emphasis in micro¬ Provides Corporate Quality technical oversight biology and a minimum of five years of food and support of co-packers, licensees and supplies. testing industry experience. Professional level BS required (MS or Ph.D. preferred) in Microbiol¬ written and oral communication skills are ogy, Food Science, Chemistry or related science required. Position is located in Chicago with 2+ years of related work experience. Strong Heights, IL. technical competence along with demonstrated Interested individuals should send resume ability to champion quality policies, objectives and salary requirements to Human Resources, and initiatives within a focuses area of responsi¬ Silliker Laboratories Group, Inc., 900 Maple bility are required. Travel is estimated at 50-75%. Road, Homewood, IL 60430; Phone (708) This position is located at our Technology Center 957-7878; Fax (708) 957-3798; e-mail: human. in Billerica, Massachusetts. (TECHNOLOGY [email protected] CENTER) Equal Opportunity Employer M/F SENIOR QUALITY SPECIAUST Responsible for technical oversight of various business and operations functions. Develop and Sr. Research Associate implement Quality policies and procedures Food Safety/RRicrobiology across the corporation. Provides leadership in executing quality system improvements through¬ The Food Safety/Microbiology Department of out the organization. Recommends strategic Campbell Soup has an opening for a Sr. Research technical direction to management. BS required Associate. The successful candidate will possess (MS or Ph.D. preferred) in Microbiology, Food strong oral/written communication skills; the ability Science, Chemistry, Engineering or related to design experiments and correctly interpret data/ science with 6+ years of experience in Corporate findings, and the ability to work independently while and Plant Quality management. Demonstrated managing multiple projects/priorities. Candidate technical ability along with solid project manage¬ must have a Masters in Food Microbiology or Food ment and leadership skills required. This posi¬ Science with 2+ years laboratory experience. tion is located at our Technology Center in General knowledge of microbial risk and testing Billerica, Massachusetts. requirements for food products is beneficial. Work experience in a food processing lab, QA or opera¬ tions is a plus. Travel expectancy is 10-15%. Contact: Suzanne Tortorelli; E-mail: suzanne_ [email protected]; Fax: 856-968-2888.

AUGUST 2000 - Dairy, Food and Environmentol Sanitation 657 Director of the University’s Center Cargill, Inc. for Animal Health and Food Safety Food Safety Microbiologist , The College of Veterinary Medicine, University of R9900-056 ' Minnesota is seeking an outstanding individual to fill the | position of Director of the University’s Center for Animal j Cargill is a global leader in the processing Health and Food Safety. This will be a 12-month, 100% time, j annually renewable administrative appointment. The individual | and distribution of agriculture-based renew¬ will also hold a faculty appointment in one of the academic able resources and an emerging leader in the departments of the College, rank and appointment type conversion of these resources to new products. dependent on qualifications and experience consistent with Cargill seeks to create long term value by collegiate and University policy. The Center has been newly developing, commercializing, and expanding created based on substantial continuing funding from the State a variety of technology-based specialty food, of Minnesota and is dedicated to improving the safety of food j feed and industrial chemical businesses. Our ! from animals. The successful candidate will have the challenge j I of assembling a team of people (existing and new faculty with Corporate Food Safety Department seeks : the college and greater university and collaborators from the a Food Safety Microbiologist to design and private and government sectors) who will have a significant conduct laboratory experiments, maintain ’ impact on safety and wholesomeness of food from animals. laboratory under GLP conditions and conduct The Director will have budget authority for the Center with the GLP audits, as well as record, organize and j advice of an advisory committee and will report to the Dean of report data. Additional responsibilities include I the College. conducting literature reviews and developing j Candidates must have the following qualifications: DVM, position papers. Position accountabilities j VMD, or equivalent foreign veterinary degree or other advan¬ ced degree relating to food safety and public health (i.e. MPH, include 15% travel. The position is located ^ PhD, MD) is required. Candidates must qualify for Assistant, in suburban Minneapolis, MN. Associate, or Full Professor rank within one of the academic [ Eligible candidates must have an MS degree departments of the College of Veterinary Medicine. Excellent in microbiology or related discipline with communication skills along with abilities and enthusiasm for 2+ years food laboratory experience. The developing and implementing public communication programs. successful candidate must be resourceful Leadership skills and demonstrated experience in managing I multi-faceted programs. The position requires an aptitude for in conducting experiments, able to provide I building an atmosphere of teamwork among a group of recommendations and have demonstrated the individually accomplished, highly motivated people. Clear ability to apply food microbiology principles. j vision of the importance of food safety throughout the total Specialized knowledge in microbiological ’ food chain, the contributions that a university can make in testing procedures and good laboratory assuring the quality of animal food, and the potential role for practices are a must. Strong written and verbal I the veterinary profession relative to food safety in food animal communication and teamwork skills are j production. National and/or international stature in food safety required. programs development, research, education, and/or implement¬ ation. Demonstrated understanding of the complex mix of If you would like to be part of a company constituencies and market forces at play in implementing food that is raising the standard of living world¬ safety at an industry-wide level. Preference given to candidates wide, consider Cargill. Please submit resume with a combination of medical and research training and/or online by visiting our resume builder at experience in administration, program development, budget www.cargill.com/jobs/index. MUST specify control, and program leadership. R9900-056 in the area titled “Job Number.” The Salary, rank and appointment type dependent upon Internet is the preferred method for receiving qualifications and experience. Applicants must submit a cover letter outlining qualifica¬ resumes. If this is not an option for you, please tions and vision for the position, a curriculum vitae, names, forward resume to: PO Box 5697, MS# 10, Attn: addresses, and phone numbers of three professional references. JTS, Minneapolis, MN 55440-5697. 1 Applications will be reviewed beginning September 1,2000 and continuing until the position is filled. Please send Equal Opportunity Employer. application materials to: Dr. John Fetrow, Search Committee Chair, College of Veterinary Medicine. University of Minne¬ sota, 1365 Gortner Ave., St. Paul, MN 55108. Inquiries are encouarged by contacting Dr. Fetrow at: fetro001@ tc.umn.edu, 612-625-3776.

The University of Minnesota is an equal opportunity | educator and employer.

658 Dairy, Food and Environmental Sanitation - AUGUST 2000 FOOD PROTECTION PROGRAM MANAGER nternat onal Association for Boise, Idaho Want a great lifestyle? Boise is in the heart of the Food Protection Pacific Northwest. It’s a growing community with friendly folks, great amenities and easy access to world class Whitewater rafting, skiing, fishing, hunting, camping, snowmobiling and other outdoor activities. Boise is the headquarters for eight major inter¬ CAREER SERVICES SECTION national corporations. Great schools, roads, clean air FOR and water, safe communities, parks, reasonable cost housing and numerous job opportunities. Dairy, Food and Environmental Idaho has some of the most diverse geography in the country, from desert sand dunes to fertile farm land Sanitation to alpine lakes and granite peaks. The International Association for Food Protection is pleased to offer you the Position: Manage Idaho’s Food Protection Program; Career Services Section of Dairy, Food develop and implement food protection regulations, guidelines, and strategies for food safety and sanitation; and Environmental Sanitation (DFES). manage statewide compliance audits, budget and Special rates for this section will provide contracts. a cost-effective means for those seeking employment by offering career services and I Desirable Background: Related bachelor’s degree or advertising positions available. relevant upper division college courses or professional We invite you to advertise in two seminars on food safety and at least five years food safety related management experience. issues at no charge to your organization (up to 1 column by 2"space). Larger space Salary: $45,000 - $50,000 per year depending on sizes are also available to which an appropriate experience. discount would be applied. I For Information & Application Contact: Ads appearing in DFES will be Send a resume and cover letter to: Russell Duke, Idaho posted on the Association Web site at Division of Health, 450 West State Street, Boise, Idaho www.foodprotection.org at no additional 83720; Fax; (208) 334-6581; Ph; (208) 334-0606 or cost. e-mail: [email protected] Call now for your COMPLIMENTARY Application Deadline: Immediate consideration and INSERTIONS. position open until filled. Contact: IDAHO DEPARTMENT OF HEAL TH Dave Larson AND WELFARE Phone: 515.987.1359; Fax: 515.987.2003 EEO/AA E-mail: [email protected]

AUGUST 2000 - Dairy, Food and Environmental Sanitation 659 OTHER “Cleaning & Sanitizing" Diet, Nutrition & Cancer Eating Defensively: Food Safety Advice for Persons with AIDS Ice: The Forgotten Food Legal Aspects of the Tampering Case Personal Hygiene & Sanitation for Food Processing Employees Psychiatric Aspects of Product Tampering Edition (6 Videos) Supermarket Sanitation Pn>gram - “Food Safety" Wide World of Food-Service Brushes Your Health in Our Hands - Our Health in Yours Tampering: The Issue Examined Ifersonnel Sanitizing for Safety SERVSAFE* Serving Safe F(xxl SERVSAFE* Serving Safe Food Second Smart Sanitation: Principles & Practices for Effectively Cleaning Yixir Food Plant Supermarket Sanitation Program - Take Aim at Sanitation HACCP and Its Application HA(^CP: Safe RhkJ Handling Techniques Inspecting For Food Safely - Kentucky's Food (^ode Is What You Order What You Get? Seaftxxl Integrity Northern Delight - From (^nada Pest (Control in Seahxxl Processing Plants Principles of Warehouse Sanitation Prtxluct Safety & Shelf Life Pn)pcr Handling of Peracidic Acid Purely (Coincidental - English Safe Handwashing Safe Practices for Sausage Pnxluction Sanitation for Seafood Processing (4 Videos) for Maintenance Personnel in FtxxJ Manufacturing (GMP Basics: PitKcss (xKitrol Practices to the FixkI Industry to the World On the Front Line On the Line Safe Food: Yoking ('.omminuted Beef and Poultry Products & Its Application to the Ftxxl Industry PnK'essing Plants: Do It Well. Do It Safely! Federal Facilities Preparedness & Community Right-to-Know Pn)gram Storage Tank Trust Fund & Respt)nse & How It Works - (6) Research & Development/X'losing Remarks & Temperature (iper & How It Works - (3) Enforcement and At How It Works - (4) Emergency & How It Works - (S) Underground & Ht»w It Works-(2) Changes in the Removal PrcK'ess: Removal & Additional Pn>gram RequirenK’nts AUDIOVISUAL LIBRARY G F213S Get with a Safe Food Attitude G F2140 GMP Basics: Employee Hygiene Practices G F2040 Food Irradiation G F2I33 Food Safety First G F2()90 Food Safety: An Educational Video G F2120 Food Safety: For Ctoodness Sake, G F2I10 Food Safety is No Mystery G F2I30 Food Safiny: You Make the Difference 3 F201S (k)ntrolling Listeria. A Team Appmach 3 F2037 Cooking and Cooling Meat and Poultry G F2030 “Egg Games" Foodservice Egg Handling G F2020 Egg Handling & Safety G F2036 Emerging Pathogens and Grinding G F2033 Fabrication and Curing of Meat G F204S Food Microbiological Control G F20S0 Food Safe - Food Smart - HACCP G F2060 Food Safe - Scries I (4 Videos) G F2070 Food Safe - Series II (4 Videos) G F2080 Food Safe - Series III (4 Videos) G F2010 Close Encounters of the Bird Kind 3 F2440 Cleaning & Sanitizing in Vegetable 3 F200S A Lot on the Line 3 E3I90 The New Superfund: What It is 3 E32IO The New'Superfund: What It is 3 E3220 The New Superfund: What It is 3 E3230 The New Superfund: What It is 3 E3240 Sink a (ierm 3 E3245 Wash Your Hands 3 E32SO Wa-ste Not: Reducing Hazankxis Wxste G F2260 100 Degrees of Doom...The Time 3 E3IH() The New Superfund: Vt'hai It is for onal Association nternat Protection Food DAIRY ENVIRONMENTAL Resource Remedial Process: Geannip Standards & How It Works-(l) Changes in the & State Invtrfvemeni Requirements EH^Iuent Toxicity Tests (Using Effluent Toxicity Tests (Using Fathead Minnow Larva) & Bathing Facilities Industry Cxriodaphnia) Contamination in the Food Service & Cleanliness Program for Early c:hildhood Programs Pasteurizer PriK'edures tion of Raw Milk & PnK'eOures & Depressions Members Only For Association DllSO PnK'essing Fluid Milk DI030 Cold Hard Facts D1040 Ether Extraction Method for Determina¬ Postal Code/Zip + 4 . _ E-mail that all Members can benefit from its use. Library can be checked out for 2 weeks only so Material from the Audiovisual (SHIP TO: Please print or type.) First Name ~i Work) (Please specify: Home Please limit your requests to five videos. Library is a benefit for the Association Members. The use of the Audiovisual Member# _ Mailing Address City_ Telephone # _ _ Company 3 E31S0 Radon □ E3160 RCR A - Hazardous Waste G E3I70 The New Superfund: What It is 3 E3120 Global Warming: Hot Times Ahead [!1 E31.30 Kentucky Public Swimming Pool □ E313S Plastic Recycling Today: A Growing 3 E3140 Putting Aside Pesticides 3 E507S EPA; This is Super Fund 3 E5080 Fit to Drink 3 E31I0 Garbage: The Movie n E3070 EPA - Test Methods for Freshwater n E.M)55 Effective Handwashing-Preventing Cross- □ E5060 EPA - Test Methods for Freshwater n E.^040 Asbestos Awareness O E5020 Acceptable Risks? n EM).M) Air Pollution: Indoor n E3010 The ABC^s of Clean - A Handwashing n D 11.^0 Pasteurizer - Design and Regulation n D1140 Pasteurizer - Operation n D1080 High-Temperature. Short-Time n D1090 Managing Milking Quality n DllOO Mastitis Prevention and Control fl Dll 10 Milk Plant Sanitation: Chemical Solution n D1120 Milk Processing Plant Inspection n DIOSO The Farm Bulk Milk Hauler ri D1060 Frozen Dairy Prtxlucts n DI070 The fierber Butterfat Test n DII70 3-A SymbtJl Oxificil n DllHO 10 Pt>ints to Dairy Quality n DIOlO The Bulk Milk Hauler PtuUkxiI n 1)1020 Causes of Milkfat Test Variations r.

r 660 Dairy, Food and Environmentol Sonitotion - AUGUST 2000 62C0 Aurora Avenue, Suite 200W nternat onal Association for Des Moines, lA 50322-2863, USA Phone: 800.369.6337 • 515.276.3344 Fax: 515.276.8655 Food Protection E-mail: [email protected] Web site: www.foodprotection.org

SHIP TO: (Please print or type. All areas must be completed in order to process.)

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First Name M.l._ Last Name_

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City _ - - ^ State or Province Postal Code/Zip + 4 - - Country-

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BOOKLETS Member or Non-Membor Quantity Description Gov't. Price Price Total

Procedures to Investigate Waterborne Illness—2nd Edition j $10.00 $20.00 Procedures to Investigate Foodborne Illness—5th Edition 1 10,00 20.00

SNIPPING AND HANDLING-$2.00 (US) $4.00 (Outside US) Shipping/Handling Multiple copies available Booklets Total Each additional booklet $1.00 3t reduced prices.

Phone our office for pricing information

on quantities of 25 or more. OTHER PUBLICATIONS Member or Non-Member Quantity Description Gov't. Price Price TOTAL

Pocket Guide to Dairy Sanitation (minimum order of 10) $ .50 $ .75

Before Disaster Strikes...A Guide to Food Safety in the Home (minimum order of 10) .50 .75

'Developing HACCP Plans - A Five-Part Series (as published in DF£S) 15.00 15.00

'Surveillance of Foodborne Disease - A Four-Part Series (as published in JFPj 18.75 18.75 'Annual Meeting Abstract Book Supplement (year reouested ) 25.00 25.00

SHIPPING AND HANDLING - Guide Booklets - per 10 $2.50 (US) $3.50 (Outside US) Shipping/Handling Other Publications Total 'Includes shipping and handling

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Phone: 515.276.3344; 800.369.6337 Exp. Date. Fax: 515.276.8655 SIGNATURE Mail: to the Association address listed above. Prices effective through August 31,2001

AUGUST 2000 - Doiry, Food and Environmental Sonitotion 661 Invite A Colleague to Join

The International Association for Food Protection, founded in 1911, is a non-profit educational association of food safety professionals with a mission "to provide food safety professionals worldwide with a forum to exchange information on protecting the food supply.

^ Who Should Join? The Association is comprised of a diverse membership of 3,000 people from 50 nations. The International Association for Food Protection Members belong to all facets of the food protection arena including: Industry, Government and Academia. Why Should They Become Association Members? Dairy, Food and Environmental Sanitation — A reviewed monthly publication that provides practical and applied research articles and association news, updates, and other related information for food safety professionals. All Members receive this publication as part of their Membership. journal of Food Protection — An international, refereed scientific journal of research and review papers on topics in food science and food aspects of animal and plant sciences. This journal is available to all individuals who request it with their Mem¬ bership. The Audiovisual Library — Provides quality training videos dealing with various food safety issues. Members are allowed free use of these videos. The Annual Meeting — Is a unique educational event; three days of technical sessions, symposia and exhibits provide attendees with over 250 presentations on current topics in food protection. The International Association for Food Protection Members receive a substantially reduced registration fee.

^ Help Others Find Out About the Association... To learn more about the Association and the many other benefits and opportunities available to a Member, visit our Web site: www.foodprotection.org or please call 515.276.3344 or 800.369.6337; Fax: 515.276.8655; E-mail: [email protected]. We will be happy to send new Member information if you provide us the necessary mailing information.

6200 Aurora Avenue, Suite 200W Des Moines, lA 50322-2863, USA nternat onal Association for Phone: 800.369.6337 • 515.276.3344 Fax; 515.276.8655 Food Protection E-mail: [email protected] Formerly lAMFES Web site: www.foodprotection.org

662 Doiry, Food ond Environmenlol Sanitation - AUGUST 2000 MEMBERSHIP APPLICATION

6200 Aurora Avenue, Suite 200W nternational Association for Des Moines. lA 50322-2863, USA Phone: 800.369.6337 • 515.276.3344 Fax: 515.276.8655 Food Protection E-mail: [email protected] Web site: www.fooclprotection.org MEMBERSHIP DATA:

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E-mail_ Canada/ MEMBERSHIP CATEGORIES: US Mexico International

□ Membership with JFP & DFES ^ BEST $150.00 $175.00 $220.00 ^ VALUE (12 issues of the Journal of Food Protection and Dairy, Food and Environmental Sanitation)

□ Membership with DFES $90.00 $100.00 $115.00 (12 issues of Dairy, Food and Environmental Sanitation)

□ Sustaining Membership $525.00 $525.00 $525.00 (Includes advertising and exhibit discounts and more! Contact the Association office for additional benefits)

^Student Membership JFP and DFES $75.00 $100.00 $145.00 Journal of Food Protection $45.00 $60.00 $90.00

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AUGUST 2000 - Dairy, Food and Environmental Sonitotion 663 1

THOUGHTS on Today’s Food Safety...

Why the Concern about deaths in the United States each year. Food Allergies? Severe reactions are usually the result of inadvertent ingestion of a reasonably large

Steve L. Taylor, Ph.D. amount of the offending food, but the University of Nebraska most sensitive individuals can react to Food Allergy Research & Resource Program invisible, trace amounts of the offending food. While the minimum amount needed to elicit an objective reaction in the most sensitive individuals remains unknown, Undeclared food allergens have be¬ levels as low as 1 to 2 mg have elicited come a major source of food recalls reactions in controlled clinical trials. in recent years. Suppliers and co¬ An avoidance diet is the only effective packers now continually face allergen audits method for preventing allergic reactions and the need to divulge the sources of many to foods. Food-allergic consumers rely ingredients. Sanitation companies are being heavily on the ingredient statements of asked for advice on how to remove residues packaged food products. While many of allergenic foods from processing equip¬ allergic reactions, especially the severe ment. reactions, occur in foodservice situations, Why have these concerns arisen? Food consumer complaints demonstrate that allergies afflict 2.0 to 2.5% of American packaged foods do occasionally cause consumers, and, the number of consumers allergic reactions due to the presence with food allergies appears to be rising. of undeclared allergens. Until recently, True food allergies are abnormal responses undeclared residues of allergenic foods of the immune system, especially the could not be detected in other foods. Now, production of allergen-specific IgE anti¬ ELISAs are available for the specific and bodies, to naturally occurring proteins in sensitive detection of peanut, egg, casein, certain foods that most individuals can eat and almond residues, and provide com¬ safely. On a worldwide basis, eight foods panies with the tools needed to assess the or food groups (the so-called Big Eight: effectiveness of allergen control strategies. milk, eggs, fish, Crustacea, peanuts, Flowever, the increased concern over food soybeans, tree nuts, and wheat) account allergens has also led to a proliferation of for more than 90% of ail food allergies. precautionary labeling, e.g., “may contain But virtually any food can trigger allergic peanuts.” Since allergic consumers often reactions in at least rare cases. dislike precautionary labeling, it should IgE-mediated food allergies can cause be used judiciously and in situations where severe reactions in a few of the affected allergen control strategies cannot effectiv¬ individuals with an estimated 25,000 ely prevent the occasional presence of emergency room visits and 100 to 200 undeclared residues of allergenic foods.

664 Dairy, Food and Environmental Sanitation - AUGUST 2000 Plan toAttend |AF/> S,<^^SSL4^ r0)inneapolis ■5 The leading lAFP 2001 conference

August 5-8, 2001 food safety

Protection Food for Association International I The 3-A Symbol A Modern Concept Use of the Story Symbol The modern concept The 3-A Sanitary of the 3-A program Voluntary use of the Standards Symbol was established in 1944 3-A Symbol on Administrative Council, when the Dairy Industry dairy equipment: known throughout the Committee (DIC) was • assures processors that industry as the "3-A formed. DIC is one of the equipment meets Symbol Council," was three industry segments sanitary standards organized in 1956. Its involved in the preparation • provides accepted purpose is to grant of 3-A Sanitary Standards. criteria to equipment authorization to use the 3- These industry segments manufacturers for A Symbol on equipment are: sanitary design & fabrication that meets 3-A Sanitary • Processors, • establishes guidelines Standards for design and represented by DIC for uniform evaluation fabrication. • Equipment and compliance by Manufacturers, Processors (DIG) sanitarians. represented by lAFIS • Sanitarians, represented by lAMFES

Sanitarians Equipment Mfrs. (lAMFES) (lAFIS)

3-A Sanitary Standards Symbol Administrative Council

1500 Second Avenue S.E., Suite 209

Cedar Rapids, lA 52403 319-286-9221 phone 319-286-9290 fax