Shedding Light on the Bioluminescence “Paradox” Although Luminescence Provides Host Squids with Obvious Advantages, How Does It Benefit Light-Producing Bacteria?
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Understanding Bioluminescence in Dinoflagellates—How Far Have We Come?
Microorganisms 2013, 1, 3-25; doi:10.3390/microorganisms1010003 OPEN ACCESS microorganisms ISSN 2076-2607 www.mdpi.com/journal/microorganisms Review Understanding Bioluminescence in Dinoflagellates—How Far Have We Come? Martha Valiadi 1,* and Debora Iglesias-Rodriguez 2 1 Department of Evolutionary Ecology, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Biology, August-Thienemann-Strasse, Plӧn 24306, Germany 2 Department of Ecology, Evolution and Marine Biology, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA; E-Mail: [email protected] * Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: [email protected] or [email protected]; Tel.: +49-4522-763277; Fax: +49-4522-763310. Received: 3 May 2013; in revised form: 20 August 2013 / Accepted: 24 August 2013 / Published: 5 September 2013 Abstract: Some dinoflagellates possess the remarkable genetic, biochemical, and cellular machinery to produce bioluminescence. Bioluminescent species appear to be ubiquitous in surface waters globally and include numerous cosmopolitan and harmful taxa. Nevertheless, bioluminescence remains an enigmatic topic in biology, particularly with regard to the organisms’ lifestyle. In this paper, we review the literature on the cellular mechanisms, molecular evolution, diversity, and ecology of bioluminescence in dinoflagellates, highlighting significant discoveries of the last quarter of a century. We identify significant gaps in our knowledge and conflicting information and propose some important research questions -
FDA: "Glowing" Seafood?
FDA: "Glowing" Seafood? http://web.archive.org/web/20080225162926/http://vm.cfsan.fda.gov/~ea... U.S. Food and Drug Administration Seafood Products Research Center July 1998 "GLOWING" SEAFOOD? by Patricia N. Sado* Introduction Seafood that produces a bright, blue-green light in the dark could be a meal from outer space or haute cuisine in a science fiction novel. The U. S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has received many consumer complaints about various seafood products "glowing" in the dark. Some of these consumers called their local health departments, poison control centers, and their U.S. Senator because they thought they had been poisoned by radiation. These consumers said they had trouble convincing people that their seafood was emitting light. One consumer took his imitation crabmeat to a local television station. Unfortunately his seafood had dried out and did not glow for the television reporters. Several consumers said that it took them many weeks before they found phone numbers for various government agencies to make inquiries. Several consumers thought their "glowing" seafood was due to phosphorescing phytoplankton, or even fluorescence. The consumers' seafood products "glowing" in the dark were not due to radiation or to fluorescence, which requires an ultraviolet light to trigger the reaction. These seafood products exhibited luminescence due to the presence of certain bacteria that are capable of emitting light. Luminescence by bacteria is due to a chemical reaction catalyzed by luciferase, a protein similar to that found in fireflies. The reaction involves oxidation of a reduced flavin mononucleotide and a long chain aliphatic aldehyde by molecular oxygen to produce oxidized flavin plus fatty acid and light (5, 12). -
Developments in Aquatic Microbiology
INTERNATL MICROBIOL (2000) 3: 203–211 203 © Springer-Verlag Ibérica 2000 REVIEW ARTICLE Samuel P. Meyers Developments in aquatic Department of Oceanography and Coastal Sciences, Louisiana State University, microbiology Baton Rouge, LA, USA Received 30 August 2000 Accepted 29 September 2000 Summary Major discoveries in marine microbiology over the past 4-5 decades have resulted in the recognition of bacteria as a major biomass component of marine food webs. Such discoveries include chemosynthetic activities in deep-ocean ecosystems, survival processes in oligotrophic waters, and the role of microorganisms in food webs coupled with symbiotic relationships and energy flow. Many discoveries can be attributed to innovative methodologies, including radioisotopes, immunofluores- cent-epifluorescent analysis, and flow cytometry. The latter has shown the key role of marine viruses in marine system energetics. Studies of the components of the “microbial loop” have shown the significance of various phagotrophic processes involved in grazing by microinvertebrates. Microbial activities and dissolved organic carbon are closely coupled with the dynamics of fluctuating water masses. New biotechnological approaches and the use of molecular biology techniques still provide new and relevant information on the role of microorganisms in oceanic and estuarine environments. International interdisciplinary studies have explored ecological aspects of marine microorganisms and their significance in biocomplexity. Studies on the Correspondence to: origins of both life and ecosystems now focus on microbiological processes in the Louisiana State University Station. marine environment. This paper describes earlier and recent discoveries in marine Post Office Box 19090-A. Baton Rouge, LA 70893. USA (aquatic) microbiology and the trends for future work, emphasizing improvements Tel.: +1-225-3885180 in methodology as major catalysts for the progress of this broadly-based field. -
Diversity and Evolution of Bacterial Bioluminescence Genes in the Global Ocean Thomas Vannier, Pascal Hingamp, Floriane Turrel, Lisa Tanet, Magali Lescot, Y
Diversity and evolution of bacterial bioluminescence genes in the global ocean Thomas Vannier, Pascal Hingamp, Floriane Turrel, Lisa Tanet, Magali Lescot, Y. Timsit To cite this version: Thomas Vannier, Pascal Hingamp, Floriane Turrel, Lisa Tanet, Magali Lescot, et al.. Diversity and evolution of bacterial bioluminescence genes in the global ocean. NAR Genomics and Bioinformatics, Oxford University Press, 2020, 2 (2), 10.1093/nargab/lqaa018. hal-02514159 HAL Id: hal-02514159 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-02514159 Submitted on 21 Mar 2020 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Published online 14 March 2020 NAR Genomics and Bioinformatics, 2020, Vol. 2, No. 2 1 doi: 10.1093/nargab/lqaa018 Diversity and evolution of bacterial bioluminescence genes in the global ocean Thomas Vannier 1,2,*, Pascal Hingamp1,2, Floriane Turrel1, Lisa Tanet1, Magali Lescot 1,2,* and Youri Timsit 1,2,* 1Aix Marseille Univ, Universite´ de Toulon, CNRS, IRD, MIO UM110, 13288 Marseille, France and 2Research / Federation for the study of Global Ocean Systems Ecology and Evolution, FR2022 Tara GOSEE, 3 rue Michel-Ange, Downloaded from https://academic.oup.com/nargab/article-abstract/2/2/lqaa018/5805306 by guest on 21 March 2020 75016 Paris, France Received October 21, 2019; Revised February 14, 2020; Editorial Decision March 02, 2020; Accepted March 06, 2020 ABSTRACT ganisms and is particularly widespread in marine species (7–9). -
Ecological Characterization of Bioluminescence in Mangrove Lagoon, Salt River Bay, St. Croix, USVI
Ecological Characterization of Bioluminescence in Mangrove Lagoon, Salt River Bay, St. Croix, USVI James L. Pinckney (PI)* Dianne I. Greenfield Claudia Benitez-Nelson Richard Long Michelle Zimberlin University of South Carolina Chad S. Lane Paula Reidhaar Carmelo Tomas University of North Carolina - Wilmington Bernard Castillo Kynoch Reale-Munroe Marcia Taylor University of the Virgin Islands David Goldstein Zandy Hillis-Starr National Park Service, Salt River Bay NHP & EP 01 January 2013 – 31 December 2013 Duration: 1 year * Contact Information Marine Science Program and Department of Biological Sciences University of South Carolina Columbia, SC 29208 (803) 777-7133 phone (803) 777-4002 fax [email protected] email 1 TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................................................... 4 BACKGROUND: BIOLUMINESCENT DINOFLAGELLATES IN CARIBBEAN WATERS ............................................... 9 PROJECT OBJECTIVES ..................................................................................................................................... 19 OBJECTIVE I. CONFIRM THE IDENTIY OF THE BIOLUMINESCENT DINOFLAGELLATE(S) AND DOMINANT PHYTOPLANKTON SPECIES IN MANGROVE LAGOON ........................................................................ 22 OBJECTIVE II. COLLECT MEASUREMENTS OF BASIC WATER QUALITY PARAMETERS (E.G., TEMPERATURE, SALINITY, DISSOLVED O2, TURBIDITY, PH, IRRADIANCE, DISSOLVED NUTRIENTS) FOR CORRELATION WITH PHYTOPLANKTON -
Determining the Depth Limit of Bioluminescent Sources in Scattering Media
bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.04.21.044982; this version posted April 23, 2020. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder. All rights reserved. No reuse allowed without permission. Determining the Depth Limit of Bioluminescent Sources in Scattering Media. Ankit Raghuram1,*, Fan Ye1, Jesse K. Adams1,2, Nathan Shaner3, Jacob T. Robinson1,2,4,5, Ashok Veeraraghavan1,2,6 1 Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA 2 Applied Physics Program, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA 3 Department of Neurosciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA 4 Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA 5 Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA 6 Department of Computer Science, Rice University, Houston TX 77005, USA * [email protected] Abstract Bioluminescence has several potential advantages compared to fluorescence microscopy for in vivo biological imaging. Because bioluminescence does not require excitation light, imaging can be performed for extended periods of time without phototoxicity or photobleaching, and optical systems can be smaller, simpler, and lighter. Eliminating the need for excitation light may also affect how deeply one can image in scattering biological tissue, but the imaging depth limits for bioluminescence have yet to be reported. Here, we perform a theoretical study of the depth limits of bioluminescence microscopy and find that cellular resolution imaging should be possible at a depth of 5-10 mean free paths (MFPs). This limit is deeper than the depth limit for confocal microscopy and slightly lower than the imaging limit expected for two-photon microscopy under similar conditions. -
Short Communication Isolation of Bioluminescent Bacteria From
Indian Journal of Geo Marine Sciences Vol. 49 (03), March 2020, pp. 471-476 Short Communication Isolation of bioluminescent bacteria from widely distributed light emitting organisms are marine organisms luminescent bacteria. Such bioluminescent bacteria are either found in planktonic form in the ocean6-12 or Paritosh Parmar, Arpit Shukla, Meenu Saraf & Baldev Patel* in symbiotic relationship with the marine host for instance certain fishes and squids2,8,13-17. Department of Microbiology & Biotechnology, University School of Sciences, Gujarat University, Ahmedabad-380 009, India The reaction which is responsible for emission of *[E-mail: [email protected]] light involves the enzyme luciferase that oxidizes long chain aliphatic aldehyde (RCHO), reduced flavin Received 31 July 2018; 05 October 2018 mononucleotide (FMNH2), and oxygen (O2) to a long chain aliphatic acid (RCOOH), oxidized flavin Bioluminescence is an emission of cold light by enzyme driven reaction within certain living organisms. The most mononucleotide (FMN), and water (H2O). In this abundant and widely distributed light emitting organisms are process, the excess energy is liberated and emitted as luminescent bacteria. Such organisms are either found as free- luminescent blue-green light of 490 nm (Fig. 1)4. All living in the ocean or in symbiotic relationship with the marine luminescent bacteria are distributed among three host. To employ bioluminescence in environmental monitoring, 4,18 isolation of bioluminescent bacteria from the two different marine genera Vibrio, Photobacterium, Xenorhabdus . samples (sea water sample and various organs of squid and fish) However, recently one more genera Kurthia has also were collected from different sites of Veraval seashore and fish been reported to be luminescent19. -
Who Glows There? Bioluminescence of Fireflies, Mushrooms, and Jellyfish Detailed Project Description
Who Glows there? Bioluminescence of Fireflies, Mushrooms, and Jellyfish Glenna Smith Anthony Todd Background: Most people think of fireflies when it comes to bioluminescent or glow- in-the-dark organisms, but many other organisms use bioluminescence as well to communicate, ward off predators, or attract their meal. On land and in fresh water, it is fairly rare with only a handful of bioluminescent mushrooms and insects (not including the recently developed abundance of transgenic glowing organisms like tobacco or rabbits). In the ocean, however, and the deep sea in particular where it is the only source of light, bioluminescence is used by a multitude of creatures: fish, squid, jellyfish, sponges, algae. We propose construction of a small exhibit which will teach children about bioluminescence and allow them to ‘draw’ the bioluminescence onto glow-in-the- dark cutouts of the organisms using fiber optic ‘pens’. This exhibit could be positioned in SciTech near the “shadowbox”. Goals: Teach children about the utility of bioluminescence by various organisms (it isn’t just for show!). Children would learn how creatures communicate with and relate to each other using bioluminescence, and how bioluminescence is particularly useful in their environment (counterillumination camouflage). Target Museum: SciTech Target Audience: Grades K-10 (benchmarks addressed in appendix 1) Big Idea: Fireflies, jellyfish, and other organisms are using bioluminescence to communicate, protect themselves, and feed themselves. Detailed Project Description: This demo will be a fun, hands-on small exhibit to showcase several bioluminescent organisms, and explain why glowing is useful to their survival. The exhibit would feature a series of pictures of glowing fish, mushrooms, insects, (the pictures could be backlit). -
Isolation and Identification of Bioluminescent Bacteria in Squid and Water of Malaysia
Int'l Journal of Advances in Agricultural & Environmental Engg. (IJAAEE) Vol. 1, Issue 2 (2014) ISSN 2349-1523 EISSN 2349-1531 Isolation And Identification Of Bioluminescent Bacteria In Squid And Water Of Malaysia Noor Aini Yaser1, Mohd Faiz Foong Abdullah2, Aslizah Mohd Aris3, Iwana Izni Zainudin3 also in marine ecosystem. Abstract— Bioluminescence is an emission of light that produce These bioluminescent bacteria reported belong to the class by chemical reaction of enzymatic activity and biochemical of the Gammaproteobacteria. Among the bioluminescent bacteria living organism. The most abundant and widely distributed light reported, 17 bioluminescent species were currently known [7]. emitting organism is luminous bacteria either found as free-living in The luminous bacteria were also classified into three genera the ocean or gut symbiont in the host. These sets of species are diversely spread in terrestrial environment, freshwater and also in which are Vibrio, Photobacterium and Xenorhabdus marine ecosystem. These species of bacteria emit blue-green light (Photorhabdus) and the species within the genus Vibrio and provoked by the enzyme luciferase and regulated by the lux gene Photobacterium are usually exist in marine environment and operon and emitted at 490 nm. Some of the uses of the Xenorhabdus belong to terrestrial environment. bioluminescence are as genetic reporters and biosensors. General Some of the natural important of the bioluminescence in microbiological techniques have been used to isolate bioluminescent nature is in attracting prey, camouflage, deterring predators bacteria from water samples and squid. The characterization of 6 isolates bioluminescent bacteria was conducted macroscopic and and in aiding in hunting [8]. microscopically and was further analyses at molecular level using Bioluminescence is the phenomenon that consists of light 16sDNA and sequenced for species identification. -
Articles and Detrital Matter
Biogeosciences, 7, 2851–2899, 2010 www.biogeosciences.net/7/2851/2010/ Biogeosciences doi:10.5194/bg-7-2851-2010 © Author(s) 2010. CC Attribution 3.0 License. Deep, diverse and definitely different: unique attributes of the world’s largest ecosystem E. Ramirez-Llodra1, A. Brandt2, R. Danovaro3, B. De Mol4, E. Escobar5, C. R. German6, L. A. Levin7, P. Martinez Arbizu8, L. Menot9, P. Buhl-Mortensen10, B. E. Narayanaswamy11, C. R. Smith12, D. P. Tittensor13, P. A. Tyler14, A. Vanreusel15, and M. Vecchione16 1Institut de Ciencies` del Mar, CSIC. Passeig Mar´ıtim de la Barceloneta 37-49, 08003 Barcelona, Spain 2Biocentrum Grindel and Zoological Museum, Martin-Luther-King-Platz 3, 20146 Hamburg, Germany 3Department of Marine Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Via Brecce Bianche, 60131 Ancona, Italy 4GRC Geociencies` Marines, Parc Cient´ıfic de Barcelona, Universitat de Barcelona, Adolf Florensa 8, 08028 Barcelona, Spain 5Universidad Nacional Autonoma´ de Mexico,´ Instituto de Ciencias del Mar y Limnolog´ıa, A.P. 70-305 Ciudad Universitaria, 04510 Mexico,` Mexico´ 6Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, MS #24, Woods Hole, MA 02543, USA 7Integrative Oceanography Division, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, La Jolla, CA 92093-0218, USA 8Deutsches Zentrum fur¨ Marine Biodiversitatsforschung,¨ Sudstrand¨ 44, 26382 Wilhelmshaven, Germany 9Ifremer Brest, DEEP/LEP, BP 70, 29280 Plouzane, France 10Institute of Marine Research, P.O. Box 1870, Nordnes, 5817 Bergen, Norway 11Scottish Association for Marine Science, Scottish Marine Institute, Oban, -
Diversity and Evolution of Bacterial
Published online 14 March 2020 NAR Genomics and Bioinformatics, 2020, Vol. 2, No. 2 1 doi: 10.1093/nargab/lqaa018 Diversity and evolution of bacterial bioluminescence genes in the global ocean Thomas Vannier 1,2,*, Pascal Hingamp1,2, Floriane Turrel1, Lisa Tanet1, Magali Lescot 1,2,* and Youri Timsit 1,2,* 1Aix Marseille Univ, Universite´ de Toulon, CNRS, IRD, MIO UM110, 13288 Marseille, France and 2Research Federation for the study of Global Ocean Systems Ecology and Evolution, FR2022/Tara GOSEE, 3 rue Michel-Ange, 75016 Paris, France Received October 21, 2019; Revised February 14, 2020; Editorial Decision March 02, 2020; Accepted March 06, 2020 ABSTRACT ganisms and is particularly widespread in marine species (7–9). The luciferase enzymes that catalyze the emission Although bioluminescent bacteria are the most abun- of photons have evolved independently over 30 times, by dant and widely distributed of all light-emitting or- convergence from non-luminescent enzymes (10,11). Al- ganisms, the biological role and evolutionary history though bioluminescent bacteria are the most abundant and of bacterial luminescence are still shrouded in mys- widely distributed of all light-emitting organisms (7,12), tery. Bioluminescence has so far been observed in certain functional and evolutionary aspects of bacterial lu- the genomes of three families of Gammaproteobac- minescence still remain enigmatic, such as its biological role teria in the form of canonical lux operons that adopt which remains a matter of debate (13). Early on biolumines- the CDAB(F)E(G) gene order. LuxA and luxB encode cence was proposed to have evolved from ancient oxygen- the two subunits of bacterial luciferase responsi- detoxifying mechanisms (14–16). -
Culture Parameters Affect the Light Emitting Property of Organisms Isolated from Two Marine Fishes
ACTA SCIENTIFIC MICROBIOLOGY (ISSN: 2581-3226) Volume 3 Issue 5 May 2020 Research Article Culture Parameters Affect the Light Emitting Property of Organisms Isolated from Two Marine Fishes Anuradha Pandey Dubey and Madhuri Sharon* Received: March 04, 2020 Walchand Centre for Research in Nanotechnology and Bionanotechnology, Published: April 16, 2020 WCAS, Solapur, Maharashtra India © All rights are reserved by Anuradha *Corresponding Author: Madhuri Sharon, Walchand Centre for Research in Pandey Dubey and Madhuri Sharon. Nanotechnology and Bionanotechnology, WCAS, Solapur, Maharashtra India. Abstract Stolephorus indicus and Nemipterus japonicus Organisms were isolated and cultured from two marine fishes ( ) that were exhibiting - Bioluminescence. Identification and assessment of impact of five different culture media on the growth and light emission properties gested that the microbes belonged to Vibrio spp and Photobacterium were studied. Isolates from both the fishes showed microbes to be gram negative Coccobacilli, Partial gene sequencing analysis sug - spp. Biochemical analysis of both the bacterial isolates exhibited difference in sugar (Mannitol and Lactose), LDC, Indole and Urea content; suggesting that the two isolated colonies are different bio of luminescence of the bacteria and eventually loss of luminescence property occurred. However, luminescence was revived when luminescent bacteria. Repeated subculture (to obtain pure colonies) of both the isolates resulted in gradual reduction in the intensity they were grown in aerated condition. Keywords: Bioluminescence; Anchovy Fish; Threadfin Bream Fish; Growth Curve; Lux Operon; Luciferase; Boss Medium Introduction Many attempts have been made by researchers to apply bio- Bioluminescence has attracted interest of researchers due to its luminescent reactions in practice including environmental pro- immense applications in the near future.