International Journal of Research ISSN NO:2236-6124
FABRICATION OF SAFETY MECHANISM IN AUTOMOBILE
R. Premkumar1, S.Gokulakrishnan2, V.Ananth3, K.Gokul4, S.Karthikeyan5 [1]Assistant professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering, V.S.B Engineering College. [2][3][4][5] UG Scholars, Department of Mechanical Engineering, V.S.B Engineering College,
ABSTRACT- In the present scenario, the automobile technology was developed day by day. Because, the demand and usage of automobile is high. The human beings are mostly like to use the vehicles in his daily life. At the same time the risk of using automobile also increase. In our daily life more number of accidents will occur. Some of accidents are occur in our careless mistakes and some of accident which are unexpected by driver or passenger. Tire burst is the one of the unexpected accident which is not monitored by the driver. The tire is burst while the pressure of the tire will increase. The main reason for increase the tire pressure is the continuous driving of vehicle. So our idea is related to protect the vehicle from the tire burst. When the tire is burst means the vehicle is imbalanced. At that time control of vehicle is difficult. During the tire burst, the TPMS sensor open the air bag which is placed in the tires. When the air bag open to avoid the misalignment of vehicle and to reduce the speed of the vehicle by applying brake.
Key Words: TPMS sensor, tire pressure, Air bag, vehicle accident, vehicle safety.
1. INTRODUCTION about the tire burst, they introduce the run flat tire which is lining by the polymer which protect the Tire burst is the one of the unexpected accident and it vehicle and maintained in stable condition. In India, is very difficult to control the vehicle at that time. Agra and Noida which are connecting by the six lane Approximately 60% of the tire bursting accident road is the first position of road accident due to the occur in the highways. Because the vehicle is running tire burst. in the highways more than 80kmph. At that time In our idea related to this project is by introducing the temperature of the tire is high due to the friction airbag around tire during the tire burst. When the between tire and the road surfaces. The driver is not vehicle is running at the normal condition on the road monitor the tire pressure increase. So its lead to the surface. The air pressure of the tire will increases and tire burst. It is very dangerous for both driver and the it is not monitored by the driver. Due to increasing passenger. tire pressure and temperature, the tire becomes burst. During the tire burst, the shape of wheel will At that time, vehicle is imbalanced and it is very misaligned. At that time control of vehicle is failed. difficult to control the vehicle. Tire pressure When the vehicle which losses the stability means it monitoring sensor is placed in the tire. It monitors the leads to accident. So the safety which is require for tire pressure continuously. During the tire burst it the both driver and passenger. More number of opens the air bag which is placed near the tire. After people which are died due to the tire burst. More the open of air bag, it balance the vehicle to avoid the number of companies which are focused to avoid the misalignment. tire burst by their own willing. They are introducing the tubeless tire. Sometimes tubeless tire also burst 2. MATERIAL WHICH IS USED TO when the tire is used in more number of years. MADE THE AIR BAG To preventing the tire burst, more number of vehicles The air bag have been made of cotton, rayon, nylon, are equipped by the tubeless tire. In the tubeless tire polyester and glass. the leakage of air in the tire very less when compare to the ordinary tire. Sometimes the tubeless tire may Properties of Air bag
burst due to the wear and tear and also the damage of High tensile strength tire. BMW motors come towards to give the solution High tear strength
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Low air permeability Good heat capacity Good folding behavior Better energy absorption Good coating adhesion Package ability Good heat stability
3. WORKING PRINCIPLE:
The airbag system which is used to prevent the skidding of the vehicle during the tire burst. The tire pressure monitoring sensor is used to monitor the tire pressure. When the vehicle tire burst during the running condition the TPMS opens the air bag. At the time Sodium azide and potassium nitrate are reacted very quickly and produce the large pulse hot nitrogen gas. This gas inflates the air bag, after the inflation of air bag it prevent the skidding of vehicle and also balancing the misalignment of the vehicle.
4. COMPONENTS AND THEIR rim of the wheel with the band clamp. The TPMS WORKING: location below that diagram,
4.1 TIRE PRESSURE MONITORING SYSTEM SENSOR
TPMS is an electronic device which is used to measure or monitor pressure in the pneumatic tires on the vehicles. TPMS report real time tire pressure information to driver of the vehicle, either via a gauge, a pictogram display, or a simple low-pressure warning light. TPMS can be divided into two different types-direct and indirect TPMS are provided both at an OEM levels as well as an after market solution. The main objective of a TPMS is avoid the traffic accidents, reduce fuel cost, and increased tire wear and quality. Due to early recognition of a Figure 2-TPMS sensor location hazardous state of the tires in when the tire are under inflated. The sensor indirect TPMS works with your The influence of internal air temperature is especially car’s antilock braking system’s wheel speed sensors. dramatic on the pressure of tires on truck or heavy The is detected by your car computer system, which duty vehicles. On sunny day the pressure can change triggers the dashboard indicator light. TPMS light on 2 bar or more above the standard settings. On cold display while driving. When the TPMS light comes winter session the pressure more than 1 bar setting. on and stays on at least one of the tires is at a low So it is mandatory not only the pressure , but also the pressure. Measure the pressure loss and add air or temperature in the tire in order to provide a reliable service the tire as appropriate. TPMS sensor located assessment of the pressure in tire. The tire low as the direct TPMS is used more often in the united pressure on the vehicle indicating the dashboard icon. states. The sensor located in the tire pressure valve, which acts as an antenna or are wrapped around the
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4.2.1 MOTOR VEHICLE TUBE TIRE tube and tire. If the tubeless tire got puncture, air only escapes through the hole, leading to a gentle A tire is ring shape component because that surround deflation. Instead of inner tube potentially burst like a wheel’s rim its to transfer a vehicles load into the a balloon, leading to deflation of the tire and which axle through the wheel to the ground. It is provide the vehicle suddenly reduce the control of the traction on the surface traveled over load. The vehicle vehicle. tire made up cotton, rayon, nylon, polyester, and glass but steel are currently the dominant materials in used the vehicle tire. The tires are made up rubber, the rubber can withstand wear and tear, and the substance offers a high quality of grip even when the roads are wet. The modern pneumatic tires materials are synthetic rubber, natural rubber, fabric and wire along with carbon black and other chemical compounds are used to made up the modern pneumatic tire. The body provides containment for a quantity of compressed air when the tread fraction. On the new cars, the recommend the tire pressure is Figure 4-Tubeless tire most commonly listed on a sticker inside the driver door. If there is no sticker on the door, you can To figure out whether a tire is a tubeless or tube tire usually find the specs in the owner manual. Most of all you have to do is to take a look at a vehicle such the passenger car pressure 32 to 35 psi in the tire as a motorcycle and look at its rim. The tires is when they are cold. mounted to it is tubeless because the tire rim is single piece rim. A tubeless tire is a traditional tire and it is similar to normal tire. The tubeless tire only that it has no tube inside. Air in the tire is keep the air between the rim and tire itself, the tire with the use of an airtight seal to keep the air. As it sounds, one of the major reasons that tube tires get puncture is because the tube gets pinched between the tire and the rim.
Figure 3-Different stages in vehicle tire
4.2.2 TUBELESS TIRE
The tubeless tires always called as puncture proof tire. Tubeless tires are pneumatic tires and it is inner tube and the pneumatic tire used separate tube with the rim. Tubeless tires do get not easy to puncture because of it made from liquid tire material. The Figure 5-Different between tube and tubeless tire concept of a tubeless tire helps avoid sudden air loss in the case of a puncture. Normally, when a nail Different between the tube tire and tubeless tire are punctured a tubed tire, the tube inside get raptured tubeless tire are retain air and avoid the sudden air and air can escape out from tire the gap between the loss and reduce the puncture. Tube tire not so
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efficient of fuel when compare to tubeless tire. When compare to the puncture and repairing process are 5. STATISTICS very easy in tubeless tire. The tube and tube less tire in the air inside tube and tire, Compare that tires when the vehicle run the road tube less tire run smoothly and efficiently. In that tube less tire air ratio is higher than tube tire and when the tire get puncture the tube tire air release fast and tubeless tire air release slow.
4.3 AIRBAG The above chart represents tire burst accident
The air bag which is made up of which is inflated by 6. CONCLUSION the nitrogen or argon gas. There are material which is The airbag safety mechanisms which is useful to used to accomplish the oat of air bag feat. Thin nylon prevent the passenger and reduce the vehicle damage fabric made air bag which is placed into the tire. The during tire burst. The installation of air bag in the TPMS is the device that indicates the signal the vehicle is easy and low cost. signal to the bag to inflate the chemical reaction plays the major role for the air bag reaction. The air bag 7. REFERENCES reaction are sodium azide and potassium are react to from the hot nitrogen gas TPMS sensor gives the [1] T Pletts, Literature Review on central tyre inflation system on july 2006 signal to the igniter. The sodium azide and potassium nitrate produce the hot nitrogen gas which inflates the [2] T Pletts, Literature Review on central tyre inflation system on july 2006 air bag which is placed in the tire. The potassium [3] Adams, B. Central Tyre Inflation for agricultural nitrate and sodium azide are very quickly reacted to vehicles. Thesis, University of Urbana Illinois, produce nitrogen gas which is in hot. 2002. [4] Ajas.M.A, Aishwarya.T.G, AdershVinayak, Surya Balakrishnan, Janahanlal P.S. Tire Pressure Monitoring and Air Filling System. International Journal of Research in Engineering and advanced Technology. Volume 2 Number 2 2014. [5] KunjanShinde, SagarAsari, VighneshNayak, PranavKadam and AnandDalvi (Project on Vehicle Automation) Automatic Tire Inflation System. [6] HarshalJunankar, VishnusagarBihare, NishantGiradkar, Chetal Gupta. A review: Automatic Tire Inflation System, International Journal for Scientific Research and Development. Volume 3 Figure 3- Air bag with using sensor Number 1, 2015
The azide which contains the pyrotechnic and it is used as propellant. The amount of sodium which is contained in the airbag is 200 grams for inflating the air bag. The light weight airbag unit and the inflator
unit are two main unit in the airbag. There are three
parts in the air bag which are
(1) Diagnostic unit (2) Gash sensor (3) Airbag module
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