26Galardonados Con El Nobel De Literatura En Lengua Castellana

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26Galardonados Con El Nobel De Literatura En Lengua Castellana CONRADO | Revista pedagógica de la Universidad de Cienfuegos | ISSN: 1990-8644 Fecha de presentación: septiembre, 2018, Fecha de Aceptación: noviembre, 2018, Fecha de publicación: enero, 2019 GALARDONADOS CON EL NOBEL DE LITERATURA EN LENGUA CASTELLANA: PRO- MOCIÓN DE SUS OBRAS RELACIONADAS CON OTROS CREADORES AWARDED WITH THE NOBEL OF LITERATURE IN SPANISH LANGUAGE: PROMOTION 26 OF THEIR WORKS RELATED WITH OTHER CREATORS Alicia Martínez León1 E-mail: [email protected] ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5801-1982 Dolores Pérez Dueñas1 E-mail: [email protected] Isabel Gutiérrez de la Cruz1 E-mail: [email protected] ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1814-5991 1 Universidad de Cienfuegos. Cuba. Cita sugerida (APA, sexta edición) Martínez León, A., Pérez Dueñas, D., & Gutiérrez de la Cruz, I. (2019). Galardonados con el Nobel de Literatura en Lengua Castellana: promoción de sus obras relacionadas con otros creadores. Revista Conrado, 15(66), 172-179. Recuperado de http://conrado.ucf.edu.cu/index.php/conrado RESUMEN ABSTRACT El lector es el destinatario de cada obra literaria, al leer The reader is the recipient of each literary work, reading y recorrer las páginas de un libro se convierte en su pro- and traversing the pages of a book becomes in its spiritual pietario espiritual y a la vez la lectura le posibilita asimilar owner, while reading allows to assimilate the historical- la experiencia histórico–social depositada en la obra. La social experience deposited in the works. The university universidad debe convertirse en un espacio que facilite must become a space that facilitates the encounter with el encuentro con los libros a partir de proyectos que in- books from projects that include the promotion of the rea- cluyan la promoción de la lectura de textos de autores re- ding of works by representative authors of universal litera- presentativos de la literatura universal. Desde finales del ture. Since the end of the 20th century and the first years siglo XX y primeros años del XXI, instituciones culturales of the 21st century, European cultural institutions have pu- europeas divulgaron listas que incluyen títulos de las me- blished lists that include titles of the best literary creations jores creaciones literarias del siglo XX y de todos los tiem- of the 20th century and of all times. Some of these works pos. Algunas de ellas pertenecen a autores premiados belong to authors awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature. con el Nobel de Literatura. Hasta el 2014 once autores Until 2014 eleven Spanish language authors had recei- de lengua castellana habían recibido este premio, cinco ved this award, of which five are Spanish and six from son españoles y seis de América Latina. Es propósito del Latin America. The purpose of this work is to offer infor- trabajo ofrecer informaciones que permitan una aproxi- mation that allows an approximation to the Nobel Prize for mación al Premio Nobel de Literatura y de manera pun- Literature and in a timely manner, promote in the university tual, promocionar en la universidad la lectura de obras de the reading of awarded authors work, in this case which los autores galardonados, en este caso de las que están are related to other literary creations and art expressions. relacionadas con otras creaciones literarias y con otras expresiones del arte. Keywords: Nobel Prize of Literature, promotion of reading, literary Palabras clave: creations, expressions of art. Premio Nobel de Literatura, promoción de lectura, crea- ciones literarias, expresiones del arte. 172 | Volumen 15 | Número 66 | Enero-Marzo | 2019 CONRADO | Revista pedagógica de la Universidad de Cienfuegos | ISSN: 1990-8644 (1981) y El amor en los tiempos del cólera (1985). El autor INTRODUCCIÓN es latinoamericano, pero la obra forma parte del patrimo- Por su encargo social a la universidad del siglo XXI le nio de los lectores de diversas áreas geográficas, perte- compete contribuir a la formación integral de los estudian- nece al patrimonio de todos los tiempos. tes a partir del desarrollo cognitivo, afectivo-emocional, Otros dos autores galardonados con el Nobel de Literatura axiológico y creativo. Esta institución cultural y educati- y Premio Miguel de Cervantes aparecen con tres obras va debe buscar vías que permitan asimilar la experiencia seleccionadas por los lectores y divulgadas en la lista histórico-social que está depositada en las obras de auto- del periódico español El Mundo (2001). Son ellos: Camilo res representativos de la literatura universal, por lo tanto, José Cela, de España y Mario Vargas Llosa, peruano con debe sensibilizar a los jóvenes para que descubran, des- nacionalidad española. De Cela son seleccionadas las de la lectura, el tesoro cultural que encierra cada página novelas: La familia de Pascual Duarte (1942), La colmena de un libro. (1951) y San Camilo, (1936, 1969); de Vargas Llosa, se- Los docentes encargados de la formación de profesio- leccionan La ciudad y los perros (1962), Conversación en nales de la especialidad de Español-Literatura, desde su La Catedral (1969) y Lituma en los Andes (1993), novelas quehacer cotidiano, tienen la responsabilidad de entre- que están a disposición del lector universitario y deben gar a cada institución educativa un egresado capaz de formar parte de su patrimonio por lo que aportan al uni- disfrutar de la lectura, un egresado capaz de cultivar en verso cultural. sus alumnos la pasión por el mundo interior de los libros. Las obras de los premiados poseen valor agregado por lo Por eso, estos docentes deben buscar y encontrar herra- que aportan a la cultura y a la formación de cualquier pro- mientas que faciliten el contacto directo de los estudian- fesional, algunas poseen puntos de contacto con obras tes lectores con los libros. La promoción de la lectura de literarias de otros autores; otras tienen relación con las las obras de autores galardonados con premios literarios artes plásticas, con la música, con el cine. Es propósito internacionales es una vía que puede aprovechar la co- del artículo ofrecer informaciones que permiten una apro- munidad universitaria para cumplir este propósito. ximación al Premio Nobel de Literatura y de manera pun- tual, promocionar en la universidad la lectura de obras de Se debe promocionar la lectura por los valores atribuidos los galardonados que aluden a otras creaciones literarias a la obra literaria, esta forma parte del patrimonio per- y a otras expresiones del arte. sonal, local, nacional y universal, pero sobre todo, forma parte del patrimonio de cada lector, este es quien la hace suya, le otorga su sello personal mediante el disfrute, la DESARROLLO lectura inteligente, apreciaciones, capacidad para llegar En el testamento de Alfred Nobel (1833-1896), el inventor a la intertextualidad, capacidad para realizar una lectura y químico sueco, se declaran las categorías en que se creadora. han de otorgar el Premio Nobel, una es el Premio Nobel En este sentido, los criterios de los lectores se tomaron en de Literatura. Este premio se entrega a quien haya pro- cuenta en la selección realizada por algunas instituciones ducido una obra destacada en el campo de las letras; la culturales europeas que a finales del siglo XX y primeros Academia Sueca es la encargada de seleccionar al ga- años del XXI divulgaron listas con títulos de las mejores nador y se concede en el mes de octubre de cada año. obras literarias. El diario francés Le Monde selecciona en Hasta el 2014 habían recibido el Premio Nobel de 1999 los 100 mejores libros del siglo XX; el periódico El Literatura un total de 109 autores, once de los premiados Mundo en el 2001, las 100 mejores novelas publicadas en escriben en lengua castellana. De España lo reciben José español durante el siglo XX; el Club del Libro de Noruega Echegaray (1904), Jacinto Benavente (1922), Juan Ramón en el 2002 realiza la selección de los 100 mejores libros Jiménez (1956), Vicente Aleixandre (1977) y Camilo José de la historia. Cela (1989) y de América Latina: Gabriela Mistral (1945) En esas listas aparecen autores galardonados con el y Pablo Neruda (1971), de Chile; Miguel Ángel Asturias Premio Nobel de Literatura. Hay una novela escrita en (1967), de Guatemala; Gabriel García Márquez (1982), de lengua castellana que aparece en las tres nominaciones, Colombia; Octavio Paz (1990), de México y Mario Vargas su título es Cien años de soledad (1967) y su autor es el Llosa (2010), de Perú (Martínez & Herrera, 2017). colombiano Gabriel García Márquez, a quien se le otorga En el artículo se particulariza en estos galardonados, se el Nobel de Literatura en el año 1982. De este escritor se promocionan sus obras y las que guardan alguna relación divulgan tres obras más en esas listas: El coronel no tiene con textos de otros creadores. Ese vínculo se establece quien le escriba (1961), Crónica de una muerte anunciada 173 | Volumen 15 | Número 66 | Enero-Marzo | 2019 CONRADO | Revista pedagógica de la Universidad de Cienfuegos | ISSN: 1990-8644 mediante diferentes formas, unos recrean títulos y perso- de la infancia y del hogar (1812-1815) de los alemanes najes de novelas o dramas de diversos escritores; otros Jacob Grimm (1785-1863) y Wilhelm Grimm (1786-1859), realizan valoraciones de determinados textos; otros reali- conocidos como Hermanos Grimm. (Martínez & Herrera, zan traducciones y/o adaptaciones; otros aluden a obras 2017) representativas de otras expresiones artísticas. Charles Perrault escribe los cuentos a finales del siglo XVII; El primer galardonado español es José Echegaray (1832- los Hermanos Grimm en los inicios del XIX; Benavente es- 1916), de él se citan dos dramas. Uno es El gran Galeoto cribe sus obras de teatro en la primera mitad del siglo (1881), está estructurado en tres actos y en este caso, la XX. Después de haber transcurrido, trescientos años de sociedad es la que actúa de gran galeote al propiciar con la publicación de los primeros cuentos, se promocionan sus rumores que brote la pasión entre Ernesto y Teodora.
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