Unravelling the Dynamics of Qtls Associated to Fruit Firmness in Apple Over Postharvest Storage Using a Multi-Family Pedigree Based Analysis Approach

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Unravelling the dynamics of QTLs associated to fruit firmness in apple over postharvest storage using a multi-family Pedigree Based Analysis approach

Mario Di Guardo 22 June 2016 Fruit quality Fruit firmness Experimental Design- Phenotype

 M1 = Harvest  M2 = 2 months of cold storage  M3 = 2 months of cold storage and 2 weeks of shelf life

 M4 = 4 months of cold storage Experimental Design– Plant Material GoldenDel Z185 X-6820 AntonovkaOB BVIII_34.16 X-4355

F_B8_34.16 X-6683 I_M PRI612-1 X-6681 Clochard F_X-4355 Florina

Winesap Chantecler Idared Baujade F_Delicious X-3305 X-3177 I_W PRI672-3 F2_26829-2-2 Delicious TN_R10A8

EsopSpitz X-3259 X-6799 X-6564 X-6417 F_Jonathan PRI14-126 Galarina 12_N X-6679 Prima PRI14-152 O53T136 Wagenerap Crandall X-3143 X-3318 Jonathan X-6398 Gala • 26 Full – sib families 12_P ReiDuMans KidsOrRed X-3263 Wines_Prima RedWinterX3177 GranSmith X-2771 Sawa Fuji Coop-17 . 1110Rubinette progenies Fantazja 12_L Cox Wealthy Linda RomBeauty U1065 12_O X-6823 F_O53T136 Priam Primula • 31 Direct Parents I_BB RallsJan X-6808 Melba Alwa PRI668-100 X-4638 12_K Dorianne RedWinter Melrose • 40 fromMacoun Intermediate Generations12_F McIntosh PRI54-12 Ligol PinkLady I_CC F_Wealthy LadyWill Sampion Liberty F_Linda Pinova • 33 Founders 12_J F_Melba Alkmene FuGa 12_I Lambourne FuPi JerseyBla Clivia F_Alwa GaCr Rewena RePir I_J F_LadyWill JamesGr LiAl DrOldenbu Pirol GaPi F_JamesGr 67-47 AlPi Reanda PiGa WorcPearm MeLi Sa10 Discovery PiRea BX44.14 DiPr AlSz BeautBath The goal of plant scientist is to explain natural phenotypic variation in terms of simple change in DNA sequence (Myles et al. 2009) Experimental Design– Genotypic Data 18.019 SNPs

7.112 Robust SNPs

1.113 Haplotypes QTL Discovery

M4 Flex QTL

2 ln BF ≥ 10: Decisive Evidence Flex QTL

2 ln BF ≥ 10: Decisive Evidence 2 ln BF ≥ 5: Strong Evidence Flex QTL

2 ln BF ≥ 10: Decisive Evidence 2 ln BF ≥ 5: Strong Evidence 2 ln BF ≥ 2: Positive Evidence Flex QTL

Increasing number of QTLs QTL Discovery

4 QTLs in common for all traits

3 QTLs in common for two or more traits

4 QTLs trait-specific

M2 (fruit firmness at 2 months of cold storage)

Parent 1 Parent 2

Full Sib Families 5 FS Families segregate for 1 QTL • 1 -> QTL on LG 1 • 4 -> QTL on LG 10 5 FS Families segregate for 1 QTL • 1 -> QTL on LG 1 • 4 -> QTL on LG 10

• Linkage Group (10) • QTL Locus (49 cM) • 1st homologue • 2nd homologue

Fruit Firmness Distribution

qq Qq QQ Origin of positive alleles Winesap Winesap

Golden Delicious Granny Smith

Golden Delicious Winesap x Golden Delicious Coop 17

Ralls Janette Winesap

Dr. Oldenburg Golden Delicious

Golden Delicious Golden Delicious Conclusion Discovery of QTL region associated to fruit firmness during storage • Candidate genes related to changes in fruit firmness • New markers for MAB

Detection of the individuals with best breeding performance Acknowledgment • Eric van de Weg • Thomas Letchcka • Fabrizio Costa • Helene Muranty • Riccardo Velasco • Lidia Lozano • Marco Bink • Stefano Tartarini • Richard Visser • Erika Di Pierro • Johannes Jansen • Luca Gianfranceschi • Giulia Pagliarani • Herma Koehorst-van Putten