DOCSLIB.ORG

(S-) Genotypes of Apple Cultivars

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
(S-) Genotypes of Apple Cultivars REPORTS BREEDING, CULTIVARS, ROOTSTOCKS, AND GERMPLASM RESOURCES HORTSCIENCE 39(5):943–947. 2004. determined but their presumed gene products were detected by RNase zymogram analysis (Boškovic and Tobutt, 1999). However, so far Update on and Review of the all of the RNases for which the corresponding gene sequences are unknown, except S6 and S8, Incompatibility (S-) Genotypes of have been detected only in a single, generally obsolete cultivar. For some of them, evidence Apple Cultivars has been reported showing that they correspond to known S-alleles, which, if confi rmed, would Wim Broothaerts1 exclude their existence as distinct S-alleles Better3Fruit N.V., Willem de Croylaan 42, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium (Broothaerts, 2003; Matsumoto et al., 2003). Several other new S-alleles that were proposed Ilse Van Nerum and Johan Keulemans by Tobutt’s group may, therefore, also appear Fruitteeltcentrum K.U.Leuven, Willem de Croylaan 42, B-3001 Leuven, to be false if adequately examined. We have, Belgium therefore, decided to limit our investigations to the 16 S-alleles that are characterized at the Additional index words. Malus ×domestica, allele-specifi c PCR, S-allele, self-incompatibility, nucleotide sequence level. Additionally, the S6 pollination and S8-allele were included in our study, as these are characterized both phenotypically and Abstract. Apple cultivars display a self-incompatibility system that restricts self-fertilization at the protein level. While S has been found and fertilization between cultivars bearing identical S-alleles. There has been considerable 6 in two uncommon, local Swiss cultivars, S8 progress in identifi cation of S-alleles in apple in recent years and methods are now avail- has been discovered in a few more common able for the accurate S-genotyping of cultivars. Following a recently revised numerical cultivars (Kobel et al, 1939; Boškovi and identifi cation system for apple S-alleles, we present the fi rst extensive compilation of apple Tobutt, 1999). cultivars with their S-genotypes. This list contains data from our own investigations using Broothaerts (2003) validated the revised S-allele-specifi c PCR methodology, including a number of new data, as well as published conditions for S-allele analysis by analysis of data from various other sources. Eighteen different S-alleles are discriminated, which al- a collection of old apple cultivars that were lowed the determination of the S-genotypes for 150 diploid or triploid European, American, genotyped by Kobel et al. (1939) through ex- and Japanese cultivars. Many of these cultivars are cultivated worldwide for their fruit. tensive cross-pollination studies. Here we have Also included are a number of old, obsolete cultivars and a few nondomestic genotypes. applied the same methodology to assay the S- We observed a wide variation in the frequency of S-alleles in the apple germplasm. Three allele genotypes of a number of generally more S-alleles (S2, S3, and S9) are very common in the cultivars evaluated, presumably as a result common European, American and Japanese of the widespread use of the same breeding parents, and seven alleles are very rare (S4, apple cultivars. Our results were complemented S6, S8, S16, S22, S23, S26). by the inclusion of data from various other sources, resulting in an extensive overview of The production of apples generally requires Several alleles of the S-gene in apple have the current knowledge of the S-genotypes of that pollen be transferred from one cultivar (the been identifi ed and their nucleotide sequences primarily domestic apple cultivars. pollinizer) to the stigmas of the cultivar to be have been determined (Broothaerts, 2003). pollinated (main fruit-bearing cultivar). There, Based on the diversity of nucleotide sequences Experimental Protocols the pollen grains germinate and produce a tube encoding the S-RNase family members, a that enters the stigmatic tissue and elongates method has been developed using allele-spe- The plant material used was primarily through the style towards the ovules where cifi c PCR primers to selectively amplify and derived from the extensive gene bank of the fertilization takes place. During their growth, identify particular S-alleles (Janssens et al., Fruitteeltcentrum K.U.Leuven, with a few the pollen tubes are attacked by abundant 1995). This method was recently re-examined, cultivars from the Brogdale (UK) collection. cytotoxic proteins that enter their cytoplasm. modifi ed, and extended for the identifi cation Unless otherwise indicated, the methods Lethal attack is avoided through the expression of additional alleles (Broothaerts, 2003). At used in our work were described in Broothaerts of specifi c inhibitors of these proteins, allow- the same time, the annotation of S-alleles was (2003). Genomic DNA was isolated from ing pollen tube growth to proceed (Golz et al., revised because of the occurrence of more than leaves of various cultivars, amplifi ed with al- 2001). This mechanism appears to be the way one symbol for some S-alleles in the literature. lele-specifi c primers by PCR, and the fragments separated by agarose gel electrophoresis. For the gametophytic self-incompatibility system The new numbering introduced S16, S19, S22, the unique identifi cation of a few S-alleles (S , operates. The style-encoded toxic proteins are and S23, as a replacement of the former S27a (in 4 S , S , S ), allele-specifi c restriction enzymes the products of the S-gene, which are the S- ‘Baskatong’), S28/Sd (in ‘Delicious’), S27b (in 16 20 22 were employed to digest the amplifi ed products RNases. The pollen-expressed inhibitors of the ‘Alkmene’), and the erroneously assigned “S10” pollen-S gene have not been identifi ed. Both (in ‘Granny Smith’), respectively. Following before gel analysis. Of the 18 S-alleles evalu- genes are part of the polymorphic S-locus. further investigations (S. Matsumoto, personal ated here, only S6 and S8 were not determined by allele-specifi c PCR because their nucleotide If the alleles of the S-gene and of pollen-S communication), it appeared that S19 is a rare, match, i.e. they have the same S-locus speci- but distinct allele, and hence the proposed sequences are unknown. The presence of these two alleles was inferred from the analysis of fi city, an incompatibility reaction is elicited, merger with S28 as suggested by Broothaerts which is manifested by the arrest of pollen (2003) should be corrected. In this paper, we their stylar RNase patterns by Boškovic and Tobutt (1999). Also we did not determine the tube growth somewhere in the style. In such therefore refer to S28 for the S-allele of Deli- presence of the S -allele, which only recently cases, the inhibitors produced in the pollen cious and keep S19 for the S-allele assigned to 25 tube were apparently unable to inactivate the Bohnapfel (Boškovi and Tobutt, 1999) and has been sequenced. stylar S-RNases. sequenced by Matsumoto (unpublished data). Allele-specifi c analysis conditions have been Results described for the detection of 15 S-alleles Received for publication 2 Jan. 2003. Accepted for that operate in the domestic apple germplasm We have assayed a large number of apple publication 23 June 2003. cultivars by allele-specifi c PCR to evaluate (Broothaerts, 2003). An additional allele, S25, 1Current address: Center for the Application of has recently been cloned and sequenced and cross-incompatibility relationships in the Molecular Biology to International Agriculture a PCR/digestion method was suggested for its apple germplasm. Complementing our previ- (CAMBIA), GPO Box 3200, Canberra, ACT 2601, detection (Kitahara and Matsumoto, 2002). The ous report on the S-genotypes of a collection Australia; email [email protected]. sequences of a few other alleles have not been of old cultivars with known incompatibility HORTSCIENCE VOL. 39(5) AUGUST 2004 943 77648-Breed.indd648-Breed.indd 994343 66/22/04/22/04 99:41:23:41:23 AAMM Table 1. S-allele genotypes of apple cultivars. Cultivar S-genotype Referencez Parentage (if known) Adam’s Pearmain S1S3S10 16 Ahrista (scab resistant) S3S10 17 Elstar x TSR15T3 Akane S7S24 10, 11, 13 Jonathan x Worcester Pearmain Akita Gold S2S9 11 Alkmene S5S22 8, 14 Geh. Dr. Oldenburg x Cox O.P. Amanishiki S1S7 11, 13 Ralls Janet x Indo Ambitious S2S9 13 Toko x ? American Summer Pearmain S1S20 11 Arlet S2S7 8, 17 Golden Delicious x Idared Baskatong S16S26 7, 16 y Beni No Mai S7S24 13 Fuji x ? Berner Rosen S1S2 1, 8, 16 Boskoop (=Belle de Boskoop) (3n) S2S3S5 1, 8, 16 Braeburn, Braeburn Hillwell S9S24 7, 8 ? Lady Hamilton x ? Brünnerling S5S7S10 1, 8, 16 Cameo S2S28 13 Charlotte S5S10 8 McIntosh Wijcik x Greensleeves Champagner Reinette S2S4 1, 8, 16 Clivia S5S9 17 Cox Orange Pippin, Queen Cox S5S9 4, 8, 10, 11 Ribston Pippin x ? Danziger Kantapfel S2S7 1, 8, 16 Delbard Jubilé S2S22 14 Golden Delicious x Lunbytrop Delbarestivale, Delcorf S3S10 17 Golden Del. x Stark Jongrimes Delicious, Topred, Starking Delicious S9S28 11, 12, 16 Discovery S10S24 17 Worc Pearmain x Beauty of Bath Ecolette (scab resistant) S3S10 17 Elstar x Prima Elstar, Red Elstar, Elshof S3S5 4, 8 Golden Delicious x Ingrid Marie Empire S10S28 15 McIntosh x Delicious Falstaff S2S5 8 James Grieve x Golden Delicious Fiesta (=Red Pippin) S3S5 4, 8 Cox O.P. x Idared Florina (scab resistant) S3S9 17 Jonathan x 612-1 Fuhong S9S20 11 Fuji S1S9 2, 5, 8, 11, 12, 17 Ralls Janet x Delicious Fukutami S2S9 11 Gala (Galaxy, Regal, Royal) S2S5 4, 6, 8 Kidd’s Orange Red x Golden Del Ginger Gold S3S28 13 Ginrei S3S7 11 Gloster S4S28 16 Glockenapfel x Richared Del. Golden Delicious (Reynders, Smoothee, B) S2S3 2, 3, 6, 8, 11 Grimes Golden x ? Golden Melon S2S7 11 Golden Supreme S3S28 13 Goldrush (scab resistant) S2S28 13, 17 Golden Delicious x Co-op 17 Granny Smith S3S23 16 French crab seedling Greensleeves S2S5 8 James Grieve x Golden Delicious Hacnine (3n) S1S3S9 13 Fuji x Tsugaru Hatsuaki S3S9 11 Himekami S7S9 6, 11 Fuji x Jonathan 3 Hokuto (3n) S1S7S9 2, 13 Fuji x ?Mutsu Holly S9S28 11, 12 Jonathan x Delicious Holsteiner Cox S5S9 17 Cox O.P.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Apples Catalogue 2019
    ADAMS PEARMAIN Herefordshire, England 1862 Oct 15 Nov Mar 14 Adams Pearmain is a an old-fashioned late dessert apple, one of the most popular varieties in Victorian England. It has an attractive 'pearmain' shape. This is a fairly dry apple - which is perhaps not regarded as a desirable attribute today. In spite of this it is actually a very enjoyable apple, with a rich aromatic flavour which in apple terms is usually described as Although it had 'shelf appeal' for the Victorian housewife, its autumnal colouring is probably too subdued to compete with the bright young things of the modern supermarket shelves. Perhaps this is part of its appeal; it recalls a bygone era where subtlety of flavour was appreciated - a lovely apple to savour in front of an open fire on a cold winter's day. Tree hardy. Does will in all soils, even clay. AERLIE RED FLESH (Hidden Rose, Mountain Rose) California 1930’s 19 20 20 Cook Oct 20 15 An amazing red fleshed apple, discovered in Aerlie, Oregon, which may be the best of all red fleshed varieties and indeed would be an outstandingly delicious apple no matter what color the flesh is. A choice seedling, Aerlie Red Flesh has a beautiful yellow skin with pale whitish dots, but it is inside that it excels. Deep rose red flesh, juicy, crisp, hard, sugary and richly flavored, ripening late (October) and keeping throughout the winter. The late Conrad Gemmer, an astute observer of apples with 500 varieties in his collection, rated Hidden Rose an outstanding variety of top quality.
    [Show full text]
  • Sorte Roter Ellerstädter
    2. Auflage April 2004 Gartenamt Ingolstadt 2 Inhaltsverzeichnis: Grußwort Seite 4 Einführung Seite 5 Naturräumliche Grundlagen Seite 7 Der Aufbau des Obstlehrgartens Seite 9 Abschnitt A „Beeren“ Seite 10 Abschnitt B „Besondere Obstsorten“ Seite 14 Abschnitt C „Spindelbäume“ Seite 17 Abschnitt D „ Buschbäume“ Seite 19 Abschnitt E „ Halbstämme“ Seite 20 Abschnitt F „Hochstämme“ Seite 20 Wildobst Seite 21 Formobst Seite 21 Zusammenfassung Seite 22 Übersicht nach Obstarten Seite 23 Übersicht nach Standort im Obstlehrgarten Seite 29 Sortenspiegel Äpfel Seite 35 Sortenspiegel Zwetschgen/Pflaumen Seite 91 Sortenspiegel Kirschen Seite 111 Sortenspiegel Birnen/Quitte/Nashi Seite 145 Sortenspiegel Aprikosen/Pfirsiche Seite 171 Sortenspiegel Beeren/Kiwi Seite 179 Übersichtsplan Obstlehrgarten Übersichtsplan Betriebsgelände Gartenamt 3 Grußwort Der Ingolstädter Obstlehrgarten kann nach etwa dreijähriger Entwicklungszeit nunmehr seiner Bestimmung übergeben werden. Dies vor allem auch deshalb, da nach Bereitstellung eines städtischen Grundstückes auf dem Gelände des Gartenamtes, sowohl der Bayerische Landesverband für Gartenbau und Landespflege, als auch der Stadtkreisverband für Gartenbau und Landespflege Ingolstadt, mit seinen 11 Obst- und Gartenbauvereinen (ca. 3.000 eingetragene Mitglieder und ca. 5.000 Familienangehörige), bereit war, die Materialkosten zu tragen. Damit steht nicht nur den Vereinsmitgliedern der Obst- und Gartenbauvereine, der Siedlervereinigung, den Kleingärtnern, der Landwirtschaft, u.a. ein obstbaulicher Fachgarten zur Information zur Verfügung, sondern er dient allen Gartenfreunden der Bevölkerung als Beispiel für die Anzucht unterschiedlicher Kulturformen von Obstgehölzen, alter und neuer Sorten, die für den privaten Garten geeignet sind. Deshalb ist die Eröffnung des Ingolstädter Obstlehrgartens ein gartenbauliches Ereignis, ganz im Sinne jahrzehntelanger gartenkultureller Tradition Ingolstadts. Der bereitwilligen Unter- stützung des Projektes durch die Stadt Ingolstadt gilt mein persönlicher Dank.
    [Show full text]
  • RGC8-S7O03 H. Muranty.Pdf
    Analysis of genetic control of fruit size in apple using both multiple, pedigree-related and single full- sib families Hélène MURANTY, François LAURENS, Marco C.A.M. BINK , Eric van de WEG Hélène MURANTY RGC8 21-23 June 2016 Introduction • Fruit size = appearance + yield component • QTL for marker-assisted selection – large population precise location – large diversity consistency across genetic backgrounds Pedigree-based analysis • Bink et al 2002, 2008, 2014 • Rosyara et al 2013 • Fresnedo-Ramírez et al 2015, 2016 • Roach et al 2016 • Allard et al 2016 2 Hélène MURANTY RGC8 21-23 June2 2016 Previous studies reference cross pop fruit trait linkage group size 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 Liebhard et al Discovery × Fiesta 251 weight (2003) X X X X X X X X Kenis et al (2008) Telamon × Braeburn 199 / weight, X X X X X X X 165 diameter, height Royal Gala × 572 Devoghalaere et al Braeburn weight X X X X X X (2012) Starkrimson × 123 Granny Smith Chang et al (2014) Jonathan × Golden 144 / weight, X X X X Delicious 140 diameter, length Fuji × Delearly 86 Fuji × Cripps Pink 73 size, weight, Costa (2015) Golden Delicious × 185 X X X X X X X Scarlet diameter, height Golden Delicious × 75 Braeburn 3 Hélène MURANTY RGC8 21-23 June3 2016 Material Z185 BVIII_34.16 GoldenDel X-4355 X-6820 PRI612-1 F_X-4355 Generos 12_E AntonovkaOB Chantecler Idared Florina X-6681 Delicious PRI672-3 X-6683 26 related F_B8_34.16 X-3177 Baujade PRI14-126 ReiDuMans I_M Clochard PRI14-152 X-6799 TN_R10A8 families X-3259 X-6398 HiDRAS Jonathan Winesap Crandall
    [Show full text]
  • APPLE (Fruit Varieties)
    E TG/14/9 ORIGINAL: English DATE: 2005-04-06 INTERNATIONAL UNION FOR THE PROTECTION OF NEW VARIETIES OF PLANTS GENEVA * APPLE (Fruit Varieties) UPOV Code: MALUS_DOM (Malus domestica Borkh.) GUIDELINES FOR THE CONDUCT OF TESTS FOR DISTINCTNESS, UNIFORMITY AND STABILITY Alternative Names:* Botanical name English French German Spanish Malus domestica Apple Pommier Apfel Manzano Borkh. The purpose of these guidelines (“Test Guidelines”) is to elaborate the principles contained in the General Introduction (document TG/1/3), and its associated TGP documents, into detailed practical guidance for the harmonized examination of distinctness, uniformity and stability (DUS) and, in particular, to identify appropriate characteristics for the examination of DUS and production of harmonized variety descriptions. ASSOCIATED DOCUMENTS These Test Guidelines should be read in conjunction with the General Introduction and its associated TGP documents. Other associated UPOV documents: TG/163/3 Apple Rootstocks TG/192/1 Ornamental Apple * These names were correct at the time of the introduction of these Test Guidelines but may be revised or updated. [Readers are advised to consult the UPOV Code, which can be found on the UPOV Website (www.upov.int), for the latest information.] i:\orgupov\shared\tg\applefru\tg 14 9 e.doc TG/14/9 Apple, 2005-04-06 - 2 - TABLE OF CONTENTS PAGE 1. SUBJECT OF THESE TEST GUIDELINES..................................................................................................3 2. MATERIAL REQUIRED ...............................................................................................................................3
    [Show full text]
  • 2019 Newsletter
    Front page: Allen’s greeting, something new 2019 NEWSLETTER A Message From Our President & Owner, EVENT CALENDAR Cooler mornings and valley fog below the orchard remind us all that it’s about apple time! Nature has blessed us with August 19th a beautiful crop of apples with exceptionally good fruit size. Opening Day Compared to recent years, some varieties may be picked a little later this year so be sure to give us a call or check our website to September 27th - 29th make sure your favorite apple is available. I enjoy every apple Gays Mills Apple Festival variety we grow, but Evercrisp has me as excited as Honeycrisp. October 5th - 6th Harvested in late October and stored in a refrigerator, Evercrisp Sunrise Samples Weekend is a fantastic eating experience in the winter months. Our family has been growing apples since 1934 and we have never tasted October 12th - 13th another winter apple like Evercrisp! Family Fun Weekend I hope you all enjoyed our newly expanded sales area and October 19th - 20th bathrooms added in 2018. This year we have made additional Harvest Celebration exciting improvements with a new gift area, live apple packing & Helicopter Rides TV, and a working model train for young and old to enjoy. Our famous cider donuts will be back- made fresh every day. Please (weather permitting ) enjoy our free apple and cider samples along with many of the October 21st - December 16th other products we sell. Gift Box Shipping Begins Don’t forget our online store. We feature many of the October 26th - 27th items available here and have made it far easier to order gift pack Trick or Treat Weekend apples this year from home.
    [Show full text]
  • Clivia Miniata. Seed R100 Per Kilogram
    1. To coordinate the interests, activities and objectives of constituent Clivia Clubs and associate members; 2. To participate in activities for the protection and conservation of the genus Clivia in its natural habitat, thereby advance the protection of the natural habitats and naturally occurring populations of the genus Clivia in accordance with the laws and practices of conservation 3. To promote the cultivation, conservation and improvement of the genus Clivia by 3.1 the exchange and mutual dissemination of information amongst Constituent Clivia Clubs and associate members; 3.2 where possible, the mutual exchange of plants, seed and pollen amongst Constituent Clivia Clubs and associate members; and 3.3 the mutual distribution of specialised knowledge and expertise amongst Constituent Clivia Clubs and associate members; 4. To promote the progress of and increase in knowledge of the genus Clivia and to advance it by enabling research to be done and by the accumulation of data and dissemination thereof amongst Constituent Clivia Clubs and associate members; 5. To promote interest in and knowledge of the genus Clivia amongst the general public; and 6. To do all such things as may be necessary and appropriate for the promotion of the above mentioned objectives. ▼ CHAIR Johan Spies PO Box 17195, Bainsvlei 9338, South Africa Tel (h) +27 51 451 1886 e-mail: [email protected] ▼ VICE-CHAIR Peter Lambert PO Box 95034, Waterkloof, 0145, South Africa Tel & Fax +27 12 460 5212 e-mail: [email protected] ▼ SECRETARY Lena van der Merwe PO Box 74868,
    [Show full text]
  • Spring Issue Dog-Friendly Adams County! Tickets on Sale: June 1, 2018 Spring and Fall Are the Seasons with the Most Appropriate Names
    MAGAZINE May / June 2018 COMPLIMENTARY Spring Issue Dog-Friendly Adams County! TICKETS ON SALE: JUNE 1, 2018 Spring and fall are the seasons with the most appropriate names. MAGAZINE MAY / JUNE 2018 We spring into brightness. Colorful flowers and delicious fruits and A publication of Gettysburg Times, LLC vegetables spring to life. In PO Box 3669, Gettysburg, PA September, they begin to fall to death. In this issue of Companion, we focus PUBLISHER on the rebirth - spring. Harry Hartman Holly Fletcher and Mary Grace Keller EDITOR help readers focus in on spring goals Alex J. Hayes of planting your own garden and MAGAZINE DESIGN growing your own vegetables. Kristine Celli Jim Hale explains how these BY ALEX J. HAYES wonderful plants are pollinated with CONTRIBUTING our buzzing friends. WRITERS Speaking of friends, two close friends Holly Fletcher of mine - my Golden Retriever Toby Jim Hale and Black Lab Callie - make their Mary Grace Keller Josh Martin Companion debut in a Vanessa A Note Vanessa Pellechio Pellechio feature about dog-friendly From The Gettysburg. PHOTOGRAPHY We round out this issue with John Armstrong another feature by Josh Martin about Holly Fletcher one of Adams County’s Mary Grace Keller all-star athletes. Jim Hale Editor We hope you enjoy this edition Darryl Wheeler and spring breathes new life into ADVERTISING SALES your world. Brooke Asper Tanya Parsons Nancy Pritt What’s Inside: David Kelly The Gettysburg Companion is published bimonthly and distributed throughout CALENDAR ����������������������������������������4 the area. The Gettysburg Companion can be mailed to you for $27 per year (six ����������������������� 7 issues) or $42 for two years (12 issues).
    [Show full text]
  • Variety Description Origin Approximate Ripening Uses
    Approximate Variety Description Origin Ripening Uses Yellow Transparent Tart, crisp Imported from Russia by USDA in 1870s Early July All-purpose Lodi Tart, somewhat firm New York, Early 1900s. Montgomery x Transparent. Early July Baking, sauce Pristine Sweet-tart PRI (Purdue Rutgers Illinois) release, 1994. Mid-late July All-purpose Dandee Red Sweet-tart, semi-tender New Ohio variety. An improved PaulaRed type. Early August Eating, cooking Redfree Mildly tart and crunchy PRI release, 1981. Early-mid August Eating Sansa Sweet, crunchy, juicy Japan, 1988. Akane x Gala. Mid August Eating Ginger Gold G. Delicious type, tangier G Delicious seedling found in Virginia, late 1960s. Mid August All-purpose Zestar! Sweet-tart, crunchy, juicy U Minn, 1999. State Fair x MN 1691. Mid August Eating, cooking St Edmund's Pippin Juicy, crisp, rich flavor From Bury St Edmunds, 1870. Mid August Eating, cider Chenango Strawberry Mildly tart, berry flavors 1850s, Chenango County, NY Mid August Eating, cooking Summer Rambo Juicy, tart, aromatic 16th century, Rambure, France. Mid-late August Eating, sauce Honeycrisp Sweet, very crunchy, juicy U Minn, 1991. Unknown parentage. Late Aug.-early Sept. Eating Burgundy Tart, crisp 1974, from NY state Late Aug.-early Sept. All-purpose Blondee Sweet, crunchy, juicy New Ohio apple. Related to Gala. Late Aug.-early Sept. Eating Gala Sweet, crisp New Zealand, 1934. Golden Delicious x Cox Orange. Late Aug.-early Sept. Eating Swiss Gourmet Sweet-tart, juicy Switzerland. Golden x Idared. Late Aug.-early Sept. All-purpose Golden Supreme Sweet, Golden Delcious type Idaho, 1960. Golden Delicious seedling Early September Eating, cooking Pink Pearl Sweet-tart, bright pink flesh California, 1944, developed from Surprise Early September All-purpose Autumn Crisp Juicy, slow to brown Golden Delicious x Monroe.
    [Show full text]
  • Germplasm Sets and Standardized Phenotyping Protocols for Fruit Quality Traits in Rosbreed
    Germplasm Sets and Standardized Phenotyping Protocols for Fruit Quality Traits in RosBREED Jim Luby, Breeding Team Leader Outline of Presentation RosBREED Demonstration Breeding Programs Standardized Phenotyping Protocols Reference Germplasm Sets SNP Detection Panels Crop Reference Set Breeding Pedigree Set RosBREED Demonstration Breeding Programs Clemson U WSU Texas A&M UC Davis U Minn U Arkansas Rosaceae Cornell U WSU MSU MSU Phenotyping Affiliates USDA-ARS Driscolls Corvallis Univ of Florida UNH Standardized Phenotyping Protocols Traits and Standardized Phenotyping Protocols • Identify critical fruit quality traits and other important traits • Develop standardized phenotyping protocols to enable data pooling across locations/institutions • Protocols available at www.RosBREED.org Apple Standardized Phenotyping Firmness, Crispness – Instrumental, Sensory Sweetness, Acidity – Intstrumental, Sensory Color, Appearance, Juiciness, Aroma – Sensory At harvest Cracking, Russet, Sunburn Storage 10w+7d Storage 20w+7d Maturity Fruit size 5 fruit (reps) per evaluation Postharvest disorders Harvest date, Crop, Dropping RosBREED Apple Phenotyping Locations Wenatchee, WA St Paul, MN Geneva, NY • One location for all evaluations would reduce variation among instruments and evaluators • Local evaluations more sustainable and relevant for future efforts at each institution • Conduct standardized phenotyping of Germplasm Sets at respective sites over multiple (2-3) seasons • Collate data in PBA format, conduct quality control, archive Reference
    [Show full text]
  • Ästhetische Bildung Im Museum Sinclair-Haus
    MUSEUM SINCLAIR-HAUS | BLATTWERKE 03 | »FRÜCHTE« SEITE 01 Stellen Sie sich vor, Sie sitzen ausschließlich in ihrem Küchenraum, er wäre Ihre ganze Welt. Sie verfolgen selbst die unscheinbarsten Anregungen. Etwas Mehl an Ihren Händen wird zu Schneeverwehungen, siedendes Wasser zu Gischt in einem Bergbach, und das dazugehörende Geräusch aus der Pfanne lässt Sie an eine wilde Kanufahrt denken. Allein die Umbenennung einer Küche in ein Atelier bewirkt, was Umbenennungen mit sich bringen können: Die Wahrnehmung verändert sich. Peter Jenny Weshalb gibt es Früchte? Warum steckt eine Pflanze So vielfältig die Formen und Farben von Früchten sind, soviel Energie in das Hervor- ebenso vielfältig ist die Darstellung von Früchten in der bringen von Früchten? Kunst: In Malerei, Fotografie, Zeichnung oder Skulptur. Seit hunderten von Jahren zeigen Künstlerinnen und Künstler Früchte als Zeichen für Leben und Vitalität, aber auch für Vergänglichkeit und Verfall. Die folgende Zusammenstellung vereint unterschiedliche künst- lerische und experimentelle Ideen rund um die Frucht und richtet sich an Kinder, Lehrer/innen und Erzieher/innen. MUSEUM SINCLAIR-HAUS | BLATTWERKE 03 | »FRÜCHTE« SEITE 02 Was ist eine Frucht? Nicht alles was wir in der Obst- und Gemüseabteilung eines Supermarktes finden darf man „Frucht“ nennen. Eine Frucht ist das Organ einer Pflanze, das die Samen bis zur Reife umschließt und dann zu ihrer Ausbreitung dient. Früchte gehen aus Blüten hervor. Eine Frucht ist also eine verblühte Blüte im Zustand der Samenreife. Dieses sind keine Früchte, da sie nicht aus einer Blüte hervorgehen und auch keinen Samen enthalten: - Kartoffel, sie ist eine Sprossknolle und wächst unter der Erde. - Zwiebel, sie ist ein unterirdisches Speicherorgan aus der die Zwiebelpflanze hervorgeht.
    [Show full text]
  • Apples: Organic Production Guide
    A project of the National Center for Appropriate Technology 1-800-346-9140 • www.attra.ncat.org Apples: Organic Production Guide By Tammy Hinman This publication provides information on organic apple production from recent research and producer and Guy Ames, NCAT experience. Many aspects of apple production are the same whether the grower uses low-spray, organic, Agriculture Specialists or conventional management. Accordingly, this publication focuses on the aspects that differ from Published nonorganic practices—primarily pest and disease control, marketing, and economics. (Information on March 2011 organic weed control and fertility management in orchards is presented in a separate ATTRA publica- © NCAT tion, Tree Fruits: Organic Production Overview.) This publication introduces the major apple insect pests IP020 and diseases and the most effective organic management methods. It also includes farmer profiles of working orchards and a section dealing with economic and marketing considerations. There is an exten- sive list of resources for information and supplies and an appendix on disease-resistant apple varieties. Contents Introduction ......................1 Geographical Factors Affecting Disease and Pest Management ...........3 Insect and Mite Pests .....3 Insect IPM in Apples - Kaolin Clay ........6 Diseases ........................... 14 Mammal and Bird Pests .........................20 Thinning ..........................20 Weed and Orchard Floor Management ......20 Economics and Marketing ........................22 Conclusion
    [Show full text]
  • National Apple Orchard Census 2012
    National Apple Orchard Census 2012 1 Table of Contents Introduction Page 3 Executive Summary Page 4 Section 1 Orchard Area, Sales, Growers and Markets Page 6 Section 2 Varieties and Orchard Age Page 15 Section 3 Employment, Facilities, Business Development and Producer Page 21 Profile Appendix Tables Table 1: Apple Production Area (hectares) by Year of Planting and Apple Type in Ireland in 2012 Table 2: Number of Apple Trees by Year of Planting and Apple Type in Ireland in 2012 Table 3: Number of Growers of Each Apple Type by County in Ireland in 2012 Table 4: Sales of 2011 Harvest by Market by County Table 5: Production Area, Number of Growers and Sales for Most Commonly Grown Apple Varieties in Ireland in 2011/12 Table 6: Average (median) Prices per Tonne by Market for 2011 harvest Table 7: Apple Production Area (hectares) in Ireland in 1980-2012 2 National Apple Orchard Census 2012 Introduction The National Apple Orchard Census 2012 was compiled from information provided by the 45 commercial apple growers operating in the Republic of Ireland in 2012. The census provides an important overview of apple production, and comparisons are made to previous censuses (2007, 2002 and 1997) where possible. The census surveyed all commercial orchards, defined as follows: - a production area of at least 0.2 hectares of apples, including cider apples - the fruit from the orchard is sold every year - the orchard is sprayed against pests/diseases every year, or maintained to organic standards Within the 45 growers, there are two organic growers. Production areas are based on areas planted up to March 2012.
    [Show full text]