r&&N9019 l'IBRIll GIJILJ.AUIfB GUIZOT THE HISTORY OF FRANCE

FROM THE EARLIEST TIMES TO THE OUTBREAK OF THE REVOLUTION

ABRIDGED FROM MR. ROBERT BLACK'S TRANSLA,{!ON

OF AI. GUIZOTS LARGER HISTORY.

WITH CHRONOLOGICAL INDEX. HISTORICAL AND GENEALOGICAL TABLES. PORTRAITS. 10.,

BI'

GUSTA. VE MASSON, B.A.. UNIT. GALl .. . . orrlcma D' &CADiHIB, ~88lsr~HT HASTEB AIfD LIBUBUIf, U~IIBO" SCROOL, AIID HEHBEa or TUB II 80CISTi DB L'UISTOIBB DB rUNCS."

1.011'11011 : SAMPSON LOW, MARSTON, SEARLE, & RIVINGTON, CROWN BUILDINGS, lSS. I'LBlIT STaBlIT. 1879. [..til rigId. N'~.] LONDON: GIt.llEtlT A.n BIVINGTO:lf, l'BOfTEBS, ST. JOHN'S SQUARE. THE REV. H. M. BUTLER, D.D.,

HEAD MASTER,

AND TO THE ASSISTANT MASTERS OF· HABROW SCHOOL,

THIS EDITION OF .. THE HISTORY OF FRANCE "

IS RESPECTFULLY DEDICATED

:BY THEIR FAITHFUL SERV~T AND COLLEAGUE;

GUSTA~E MASSON. PREFACE.

IN preparing the following abridgment of M. Guizot's History of France, I have scrupulously abstained from alteridg the translation, excel!t in a limited number of cases, where con-' densation was absolutely necessary. One of the distinctive features of the original work is the number of characteristic extracts taken from the picturesque pages of contemporary chroniclers and annalists, As it was impossible to retain these consistently with the nature of a mere remme, I have given, instead:, a tolerably complete list of all the sonrces ,of French history, so that the reader may be able to refer without diffi­ culty to the authors quoted or alluded to by lr. Guizot. This seemed a natural opportunity for mentioning a few standard works on French legislation, civil, political, and ecclesiastical, on literature, etc. I could not do more here than name one writer in each speciality; for further details the student' is

referred to the ff Catalogue de I'Histoire de France" (Biblio­ theque Nationale), 10 vols., 4to.; M. Ludovic Lalanne's

It Dictionnaire Historique de la France" (published bY,Messrs. Hachette of Paris), 1 vol., 8vo.; and M. Alfred Franklin's

It Sources de I'Histoire de France" (Paris, Didot, 8vo.), three st9rehouses of the most valuable information on the history of France. I can only trust, in conclusion, that this unpretending volume, with its pictorial illustrations, and its necessary Vl PREFACE. appendix of genealogical~chronological, and historical tables, will be favourably received by the. public; and I gladly ~knowledge that whatever merit it possesses must be ascribed to the illustrious author and English translator of" L'Histoire de France racontee ames petits-enfants."

GUSTAVE MASSON.

HutRow-ON-THE:-HILL, June 131R, 1879. TABLE OF CONTENTS.

1'.1.&_ PREFACE. Y CHRONOLOGICAL TABLE. ix CHAPTER I. THE GAULS AND THE RoMANS • 1 " 'II. CHRISTIANITY IN GAUL. THE BARBARIANS, THill MEROVINGIAN DYNASTY. CHAB.LE6 HAGNIlI ••• 23 III THE CARLOVINGIANS. FEUDAL FRANCE. 'tHE " ~ CRUSADES 53 IV. THE KiNGSHIP, THE COMMONERS AND THE " THIRD EsTATE. 96 V. THE HUNDRED YEARS', WAD 141 " VI. LoUIS XL CHARLES VIII. LoUIS XII. " (1461-1515) • 201 .. VII• THE RENAISSANCliI AND THE REFORMATION. FRANcIs I. AND HENRY II. (1515-1559) 241 VIII. THE wARs- OF RELIGION. FRANols II. " (1559). HENRY III. (1589) 28Q IX. REIGN OF HE¥RY IV. (1589-1593). LoUIS XIII., RICHELIEU AND THE COURT 316 X: RICHELIEU AND MAzARIN 346 XI. LoUIS XIV., HIS FOREIGN POLlCY, SUCCESSES " AND REVERSES • • 375 XII. LoUIS XIV. HOME ADMINISTRATION. LITE- " RATURE, THE COURT AND SOCIETY 399 XIII. LoUIS XV., THE REGENOY, CARDINAL DUBOIS " AND CARDINAL DE FLEURY (1715-1748) 447 XlV. LoUIS XL' THE COLONIES. THE SEVEN " YEARS' WAR (1748-1774). LITERATURE AND PHILOSOPHY • 479 " XV. LoUIS XVI. (1778 ...... 1789) • 532 ApPENDIX A. SOURCES OF THE HISTORY OF FRANCE 566 B. PRINOIPAL FEATURES OF THE FEUDAL SYSTEM 574 " C, D. T.~BLE OF THE FEUDAL DIBMEMBERMENT OF " THE KINGDOM OF FRANCE 575 E. TABLE SHowiNG THE OONSTITUTION OF THE " P ARLIAHENT OF PARIS . 576 GENEALOGICAL TABLES 577-584 INDEX • • • 585 LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS.

PAGE M. GUIZOT. (FRONTISPIECE) GERBRRT 81 SIRE DE J OINVILLE • 113 CHARLES V. • 145 BERTRANDDu GUESCLIN 161 JOHN THE FEARLESS 177 JACQUES CIEUR 196 LOUIS XII. 228 FRANCIS I. • 241 HENRY II.. 305 HENRY IV. 321 SULLY 337 LoUIS XIV. ." 385 "PETER CORNEILLE 403 PASCAL. 415 BOSSUET 421 LoUIS XIV. IN HIS OLD AGB • 433 THE REGENT ORLEANS 451 LOUIS XV. 467 CARDINAL DUBOIS 483 lIADAME DE POMPADOUR 497 BUFFON 513 NECKER AT SAINT OUEN 529 MARIE ANTOINETTE 561 CHRONOLOGICAL TABLE.

11, d,fl, stand respectively for 1IOt'n, died, andftov,risherl. B.C. A.D. 687 The Gauls in Germany and Italy. 463 Childtlrio reoalled by the Franks. 840 The Gauls in Greeoe. 477 Marseilles, ArIes, and Aix cooupied 283 A Roman army destroyed by the by the Visigotha. Gauls at Aretium. 279 The Gauls near Delphi. MS'fO'Vingiam. iJ,y'Tl.a$ty. 241 The Gauls attacked by Eumenes and 481 Death of Childtlrio; his son Clovis Attalus. suooeeds to the throne. 154 Marseilles calls in the assistance of 486 Battle of Soissons gained by Clovis the Romans. against Siagrius, the Roman 122 Senius founds Aqum Serum in Pro­ gllneral in Gaul. venoe. 493 Marriagll of Clovis with Clotilda.. 118 Foundation of Nat'bo Martins. 496 I=))ovis, king of Franoe, is baptized 102 Marius defeats the Teutons in two after the Qattle of Tolbiao• . battles. . 501 Dondebaud, king oftha Borgundians, 100 Birth of Julina CmBar. publishes his code, entitled .. La 68 Cmsar obtains the government of I.oi .Gombette." Cisalpine Gaul for ~e years. 507 Battle of Vouille, near Poiotiers; Attacks the Helvetii. Alario is defeated and slain by 61 Gaul made a Roman province. Clovis. A.D. 509 Clovis receives the titles of Patrioian 70 Civilis aurrendel'll. . and Consul. 79 Death of Sahinus and of \his wife 510 Clovis makes Paria the capital of the Eponina. Frenoh dominions. 273 The Emperor Aurelian in Gaul. 511 Clovis dying, his dominions are " Battle ofChAlons.sur-Marne. divided among bis ohildren. 277 Probus goes on an expedition to 524 Battle of Voiron; Chlodomir, king Gaul, in which country the Franks of Orleans, is killed by Gondemar, settle about this time. . king of Burgnndy. 305 The Franks defeated by Constantina' . 531 Thierry, king of Metz, seizes Thurin­ in Gaul. . gia from Hermanfroi. 855 The Franks take Cologne, and de­ 5S2 The kingdom of Burgundy ends, stroy it; Julian named prefect of being conquered by Childebert Transalpine Gaul. an(l. Clotaire, kings of Paris and 857 Julian defeats six German kings at Sojp.sons. Strasburg. 656 Civil wars in France; the dominions 413 The kingdom of the Bnrgundians of Theodebald, king of Metz, are begins under Gondicarius. di~ded between Clotaire, king of 420 Pharamond supposed to begin tho Soissons, and Childebert, king of kingdom of the Franks. Paris. 426 Aetius defeats the Franks on lIhe 558 Childebert dies, and is aucoeeded by borders of the Rhine. bis son Clotaire, who beoomes 438 The Franks obtain a permanent sovereign of all Franoe. footing in Gaul. 560 Cbramn, natural son of Clataire, 451 Battle of ChAJ.ons. defeated and burnt alive. 458 Childerio, king of the Fra.nka, de- 567 Death of Charibert, king of Paris; . posed by bis subjects. . his territories are divided among 462 The Ripuarian Franks take Cologne his brothers; but the oity of Paria from the Romans. is held by th~ in common. x History of France.

A.D. A.D. 657 Rivalry of the two queens, Brone­ magne remaina sovereign of all Mut and Fredegonde. France. 612 Theodebert II., king of Austrasia, 772 Charlemagne begins the Saxon war, defeated and confined in a monas· which oontinues thirty years. tery by his brother, Thierry II., 773 Charlemagne defeats the troops of . king of Orleans' and Burgundy. Didier, king of the Lombards, and 613 Clota.ire king of all France; death lays siege to Pavia. of Brnnehant, widow of Sigebert, 774 Surrender of Pavia, and capture of king of Austrasia. Didiel'. 628 Clotaire II., king of France, dies, 776 The abbey church of St. Denis and is suooeeded by his son Dago­ near Paris founded. bert. 778 Battle of Roucevaux. 631 Childeric, son and successor of 784 Charlemagne defeats Witikind and Charibert, poisoned by Dagobert, . the Saxons. who remains sole monarch of 791 Charlemagne defeats the Avari, in France. Pannonia. 638 Dagobert, king of France, is suc­ 793 The Saracens ra... age GaIlia Nar· ceeded by his two Bons, Sigebert bounensillj where they are at II. in Austrasia, and Clovis II. length defeated by Charlemagne. in Neustria and Burgundy. The 800 Charlemagne crowned king of Italy MtWr8B diu. PaZau begin to usurp and emperor of the West. the royal authority. 806 P84'tition of the empire. 678 Death of Dagobert II., king of 8lB Charlemagne MSOCiates his Bon Neustris; Martin andPe'pin Louis, surnamed the Debonnair, Heristal, Mayors of the palace. or the Pious, to the Western Em­ Thierry III. is suffered to enjoy pire. the title of king of Austrasia. &14 Charlemagne dies; Bnooeeded as em. 691 Clovis III. king. peror and king by his son Lonis. 715 Charles Martel, son of Pepin Karis­ 817 Lonis divides his empire among his tal, governs as Mayor of the clPldren. palace. 840 Lonis the Debonnair dies; his eldest 717 Charles Martel defeats king Chil­ BOll, Lotha.ire; has Italy, with the peric II. and tbe N eustrians. title of Emperor; Charles the 732 Charles Martel defeats the Saracens.. Bald the kingdom of France; and 735 Charles Martel become. master of Lonis; that of Bavaria or Ger· Aquitaine. many. 737 On the death of of Thierry III., Ml Battle of Fontanet. Charles Martel governs France, 843 New partition of the Frenoh do­ with the title of Duke', for six minions in an assembly at Thion. years. ville. 74J. Charles Martel diel, and is suooeeded 844 Charles the Bald defeated in A9-ni. by his BonS, Carloman in ADS­ taine by Pepin II. trasia and Thuringia, and Pepin 877 Charles the Bald poisoned. His son, in Neuatria, Burgundy and Pro­ Lonis II., surnamed the Stam­ "'ence. merer, sncceeds him. 742 Pepin plaoea Childeno III. on the 879 Lonis the Stammerer dies, and is throne of Neustris and Burgundy. suooeeded by his sonl Lonis m. -Charlemagne b. and Carloman. BOlon seizes Daupbiny and Provence, and OtwZoMgtan. dynasty. begins the kingdom of ArIes. 880 The Norman. invade France, and 752 Pepin depoaea Childerio, confines destroy several abbeys. him in a monastery, and is oonse­ 881 Lonis III., king of Franoe, defeats crated at Scissons. the Normans at Sanconrt. 754 Pepin'. expedition into Italy. 88Z Loni. III. of France dies, leaving hi, 758 Pepin reduces the Sazona in Ger­ brother Carloman sole sovereign. many. Hincmard. 768 Pe'pin dies at St. Denis, and is suc­ 887 Paris besieged by the Normans. ceeded by his IODB Charle. and 888 On the death of Charles his do. Carloman. minions are divided into five 771 Carlomandyiugin November,Charle. kingdOJD8: Endes become. Icing Chronological Table. xi

A.D. A.D. of Western Franoe and Aqui­ 1148 The ornsaders besiege Damascus t~ne. without suocess. The emperor 893 Charles the Simple crowned king of Conrad and king Louis VIl. arrive Franoe. at Jernsa.lem. 898 Charles the Simple is recognized 1149 Louis VII. returns to France. king of France. 1160 Villehardouin b. Arnauld Daniel, 906 The Normans ta.ke the town of troubtJdour ft. The cour, d'a.motW. Rouen. 1162 Sugar d. 906 The Normans conquer Colentin and 1179 Louis VII., king of France, arrives and Maine, and ravage Brittany,. in England, On Bo pilgrimage to Pioardy, and Champagne. . the shrine of Becket. 912 Charles the Simple oedes to Normans· 1180 l'hilip Augustus king of France. a part of Neusl;ria. whioh thence­ Robert Waoe d. forward is oa.lled Normandy. 1187 Jernsa.lem taken by Sa.ladin (2nd of 922 Robert eleoted and anointed king Ootober). of Franoe at Rheims. 1188 A third crusade undertakeu. for the 923 Rodolph, duke of Burgundy,is elected reoovery of Jernsa.lem. The ts.x and crowned king of France. oa.lled Saladin's tithe imposed in Charles the Simple is confined in most countries of.Christendom. the oastle of peronne. 1190 ltiohard COlur de Lion, king of 929 Charles the Simple dies in prison. England, and Philip Allgustus ga 936 Louis IV. surnamed d'Outremer,. to the holy wars. The wa.lla and son of Charles the Simple, anointed ga.tea of Paris a.re built. king of France. 1191 St. Jean d' Aore taken by the ornsa.· der&. Philip Augustus returns to Oa;petian J:)ynasty. Franoe.-Chrestien de Troyes d. _987 Louis V., king of France, dies. Hngh 1196 Philip Augnsl;us marries .Agnes of Capet is anointed at Rheims. Mera.nia.. 994 Charles, duke of Lorraine, the only 1201.A wa.r begins between John, king survivor of the race of Charle. , of England, and Philip Augustus magne, dies in prison at Orleans. of France. Thibaut de C~. 996 Hngh Capet d. Robert succeeds to pagne b. Agnes of Memuia. d. the orown. 1203 John, king of Engla.nd, a.oonsed of 1031 Henry L king of France. . the murder of his nephew Arthur, 1066 Conquest of England by William, is Qited to appear before an duke of Norma.ndy, in the hattie 80Bsembly of the peers of Franoe ; ofSenlao. his estates in that country a.re 1095 Counoil held at Clermont I preach. .oonfisoated. The French Bond ing of the orusade. • Venetian crusaders ta.ke Constan. 1096 The orusades begin. tinople on the 10th of July. , 1097 Godfrey of Bouillon and the oru· 1210 Crusade against the Albigenses. saders take Nice. Chrouicle of the crnaa.de composed 1098 Battle of Dorylteum. in the Ltmg'I68 d' fJCo 1099 J erusa.lem taken by the ornsaders. 1213 Villehardonin, d. JfPU,fre flIIld Bru­ 1100 Godfrey of Bouillon d.. nissende, Bo Proven9a.1 romanoe, 1108 Philip I. d. oomposed about that time. 1112 Robert Waoe b. 1214 Philip Augustus defeats the emperor 1113 War begins between England and Otho,.near Bouvines. Franoe. 1216 Louis IX., king of France, b: 1115 Peter the Hermit d. 1216 Philip Augustus invades England" 1119 Louis VI., king of France, defeated and is received by the barons; at Brenneville. Baldwin, 11., king, but on the dea.th of John, Henry of Jerusalem, defeats the Turks III. is crowned king. at Antiooh. 1218 Simon de Montfort ct. 1124 Wa.r between France and Germany. 1222 J oinville b. 1137 Louis VII. king of France. 1223 Louis VIII. king of Franoe. 1143 Vitry, besieged and blll"llt by 1226 Louis IX. king of Franoe., Regenoy Louis VII. of Blanche of Castile. 1147 Second orusadepreaohed'by Bernard 1234 Louis IX. marries Marguerite of of Clairva.1lL Giraud Ie RollX, Provence. , troobadour, fl. l242 BBot.tle of Tailleb!'urg. xii His/ory of France.

A.D. 1248 Loui. IX. Bets out for the crusade. Montfort. Patmrch crowned at the 1249 Damietta, iu Egypt, taken by .wuia Capitol. on the 6th of June. 13" Edward III. renews the war with 1260 Battle of Mansourah. Louia de. FrenO&. feated and taken prilOner in 1846 Battle of Creasy. Egypt. MlII'Oabrus, troOOIldoIW,ft. 1347 Calaia lurrendera to Edward III., 1259 Blanohe of Castile d. after a eiage of eleven months and 12M St. Loui. leaves Palestine. a few daya. William of Ock. 1258 Stephen Boileau provost of Paris. hamel. 1264 Heury, king of England, taken 1348 The bl80k plague. The .Tawa per· prisoner by the barons a~ the l8Outed. battle of Lewes. St. Louia arbi. 1349 Cession of Viennese and of Mont. trates between them. pellier to FrenO&. 1270 Louia dias at Tunis, hia son Philip 1360 Philip VI. eI. the Bold 8uooeeds him. 1358 .Tohn II., king of Frall08, taken 1278 Pater de la Brosea h8.llged at prisoner in the battle of Poiotiera, Paris. Septemher 19th, and aent to 12SS The Sicilians, eJ:oited by Peter III., England. king of Arragon, maas8Cll'8 all 1358 Treaty of Calai., between Edward the Frenoh they oau find in their III. of England and the Frenoh. Island. . Stephen Maroel. The .Tacque. 1285 Philip IV. king of Frence. rie. 1296 Bull .. Clmo;a LaToos." , 1360 King .Tohn, se~ at liberty, return. to 1297 Flandere invaded by tbe Frenoh. Franoe. lNaty of Bretigny. 1301 Devolt at Brugea. Bull "Ausoulta Buridan eI. fili." 1364 Battle of Cooherel (6th or May), 1309 Battle of Oourtrai. State.-General and of Auray (29th or Sept.) oonvoked. .Tohn II. dies in England, hil aon 1303 Pope Bonifaoe VIII. _ted. He Charles V. succeeda him. and is dies. crowned at Rheims. A Uruver. 1304. Battle of Mona.en-Puelle. Pope Bity founded at Angera. . Benediot II. d. 1367 Battle of Navarette.-De Guaaolin 130S The States·General aaaembled at made a prisoner. Tours approve the measurea 1376 Edward, prinOl or Wales, lumllmed directed against Ute Templara. the Black Prinoe, d. (June 8th). 1314, Molay, grand master of the order of I3\'7 Edward III.. king of England, d. Templara, and a great number of Brittany inTaded by Oliver de knights oompaniona, bnrned alive Clisson. at Pari., on the 11th of Mamh. 1380 Da Gueaolin eI. Charles V. d. Death of Pope Clement V., and of 13SS Battle of Roacbeoque. Tha Mal- Philip the Handsome. States­ let-.. Nicolai Ol'llllme eI. General (August). 1399 M order of Oliver de Clialon. 1315 Louia X. emanoipates the aert'II on 1400 Chaucer eI. the royal dominiona. Enlrlerrand 140'7 The duke or Orleanl mnrdered. de Marigny d. 1408 Valentine or Milan eI. The king or 1319 .Toinville d. France 8J:oommanioated by the Pope. Branc~ oft'h4 Vel""'. 1410 Beginning or the oivil war in Frant'8. 1328 Philip VL, king of France, gainl the 14.16 Battla of Aginoourt (Ootober 23). battle of Cassel. 14.18 Maaaaore of tha ArmaguBo faction 1336 Edward III. of England aupporta in Paris. t.he oenAB of the Fleminga against 1U9 The Duke of Burgundy mnrdered at Philip VI. of France. Monten.u. 1337 Froiaaart II. 1420 lNaty of Treys. ligned on the lib' 13400 Edward ilL defeats the French in a of May. A Parliament e_tab· naval engagemant near SlnYI: lished at Toulouse (Mamh 20). truce of four years. 1421 Battla of Beaug4 on the 8rd of 13U Beginnin~ of the war for the April, in whioh the duke of IU0088l1OO of Brittany, between Clarence i. killed. Charles of Bloil and .Tohn of 14.29 Henry V., kin, of England, d. et Chronological Table. xiii

A.D. A.J>. Vincennes in France. Charles VI., possession of Milaness, .and enters king of France,. d. Milan on the 6th of Ootober. ' 1423 Battle of Crevant (June). 1500 Insurrection at Milan. .1428 The' duke of Bedford defeats the 1501 Louis XII. of France and Fer­ , French at Verneuil (August 16). dinand V. of Spain seize on the 1428 The siege of Orleans begins on the kingdom of Naples. 12th of Ootober. 1503 The power of the Frenoh in Naples 1429 Battle of Herrings (12th February). ends with the loss of the battles of Joan of Are obliges the English Cerignola, Seminara, and Go.rl­ to raise the siege of Orleans. 'gHano. Pope Alexander VI. iL. 1431 Trial and death of Joan of Aro. Miohel de l'Hospital b. 1435 Treaty of Arras. . 1504 Truce between France and Spain. 1436 Paris recovered by tihe Frenoh, on 1508 The pope and the emperor join the the 13th of April. king of Franoe in the treaty of 1437 Siege of Monterean. Charles VII. Cambray, against the Venetians. makes his solemn entry in Paris. 1509 Battle of Agnadello, (14th of May). 1440 The" Praguery." ·Cti.l:rin b. :£tienne Dolet 6. Mar­ 1444 Truce between England and ll'rance tial d' Auvergue d •. sigued at Tours. uno Cattlinal d' Amboise d. 1449 War renewed between England and . 1512 Battle of Ravenna. Gaston de Foix cl. Franoe. 1513 The Frenoh defeated by the Swiss 1450 Battle of Formigny gained over the in the battle of N ovarra. J aoques English. Agues Sorel d. Amyot 11. Pope Julius n. cl. ).451 The English eva.ollateRduen and 1614 Anne of Brittany iL. Beveral places in France, Cam. paign in Guyenne. BraA\ch of .AngO'UUm.6~ 1453 Talbot d. i61g Battle of Melegnanobetween the 1456 Jacques Calur iL. . French and Swiss. Louis XIL iL. 1461 Louis XI. king of Franoe. Ramus II. 1464 The league against Louis XI. of 1516 Treaty of Noyons signed on the 16th France, called "La Guerra du of August. . . Bien Publio." 1520 Interview between Henry VIII. of 1465 Treaties of Confiana and, of Saint. England and Francis I. of France Maur. (4th of June). Pien:e Viret 11. 1467 Philip the Good, duke of Burgundy, cl. 1521 League between the emperor Charles 1468 Louis XI. at peroune. Revolt of the V. of Spain and Henry VIII. of Liegese. England, against the king of 1476 Charles, duke of Burgundy, defeated. France,' , at Granson (20th of June). 1523 League against Franois I .. of France, 1477 The duke of Burgundy slain at by Pope Clement VII., the em_ Nancy. peror, and the Venetians. Ba­ 1479 Battle of Guinegate. yard d. ThememoireofCommines 1483 Louis XI. d. Rabelais b. Luther 11. published. Charles VIII. king of France. 1525 Francis I. taken. prisoner in the 1484 The States-General convoked at battle of Pavia (24th of Februa.ry), Tours. and sent to Madrid. ' 1488 Battle of St. Aubin: the duke of 1526 Treaty of Madrid (14th of January). Brittany is defeated and the duke Franois is restored to liberty. The of Orleans taken prisoner (28th of Holy League. June). . . 1527 Henri Estienne b. Brant6me 11. 1492 Brittany united to the Frenoh orown. 1529 Peace of Cambray, between Charles 1494 Charles VIII., king of France, goes on V. and Francis I. Louis de Bar­ , an expedition into Italy. quin put to death. :£tieune Pas. 1495 Battle of Fornovo between Charles quier 11. VIII. and the Venetians (6thJuly). 1586 League between Francis I. of France. C16ment Marot 11. and Solyman II., sultan of the Turks, against the emperor Charles Brcunch of OrZea.ns. V. VauqueJin de la Fresnaye 11. 1498 Death of Charles VIII., king of 1543 Treaty of allianoe between Sultan France (April 7th). Solyman and Fraucis I. of Franoe 14099 Louis XII., king of France, takes against the emperor Charles V. xiv History of France.

A.D. A.i>. 1544 Battle ofCeriBoles. Treaty ofCrespy Navarre succeeds to the vacant • (18th of September). Bonaven· throne. Battle of Arqnes. Ron. ture des Periers d. Clement sard, Hotman do Ma.rot d. Du Bartas b. 1590 Battle of Ivry (4th or Maroh). 1646 Massacre of the Vaudois.' Robert Germain Pilon, Jean Cousin, Du Gamierb. - Bartas, Cojas, Ambrose Pare; 1647 Henry 11. king of Franoe. Palissy do Theophile de Viaod b. 1548 Rebellion in the- South of France. 1591 The Pope esoommunioates' Henry La Hoetie writes his Oooflre 'Ullh IV.: the parliament of Paris First edition of the Salle law. oppose the sentence. 'Guy Co· 1656 Charles V. resigns the- crown of quille's Libe,te8de I:IgU8SdsFra.ncs Spain and all his other dominions' published. La Noue d. and retires to the mona.stllry of 1593 Henry IV. abjores the Protestant St. Jnst. Malherbe b. . religion, on Sonday, the 25th of 1657 Battle of St; Quentin (lOth of , of July, at St. Denis. The Sa.Urs August). MI'1IIipp~e poblished. Amyot d. 1558 The French recover Calais from the 1594 Henry IV. anointed at Chartres: English. Mellin de St. Gelais d. attempt on his life (17th Decem· 1659 Henry II. d. Peace of CAteau. ber). Pierre Pithouft. Balzac, St. Cambresis. ~dict of ~couen. Am· Amand b. yot transIatee Plutarch. Anne 1595 BattIe of Fontaine.Frao9aise. Des· Dubourg put to death. marets de St. Sorlin b. 1660 Conspiracy of Amboise. Francis 1598 Edict of Nantes (April). ' Peace of II. d. Charles IX., king. J 090· Vemns sigued on the 22nd of the chim du Bellay,do same month. Voiture b. 1562 Massacre of V asay. Battle of Dre\ll[ 1602 Marshal Biron's conspiracy detected (19th December). and punished. 1663 The duke of Guise is assassinated by 1610' Henry IV. assasainatedby RBvaillac Poltrot (24th Februa.ry). Peace (4th of May). Louis XIII. king of Amboise. - of Frauce. Scarron, La Calpre~ 1567 The religious wars recommence in nSde b.' France; battle, of Bt Denis, be. 1617' Murder ofConcini. tween the prince of Conde and the , 1621 The oivil war renewed. with the constable Montmorency, in which Hoguenots in France, and oon· the latter is mortally wounded. tinoes nine yeara. The Benedic­ 1569 The Huguenots defeated in the tines of the congregation of St. battles of Jamac, on the 13th Maur receive their statutes. La May, and of Moncontoul', on the Fontaine b. 3rd Ootober. 1628 Rochelle besieged and taken by 1572 Massacre of the HngueDots at,Parls, Loui. XIII. (18th of October). on Sunday, the· 24th August. 1629 Peace restored between France and Ramus d. Jean Goujon d. ' England. Malherbe do Corneille 15740 Charles IX. do Hotman publishes bring. out MIUis, hi. first play. his Ff'lIIMo·GaZUa.. 1630 Treaty of Cherasco. .. Journee des 1576 Edict of pacification in France. Dupes." Hardy, Agrippa d' Au. 15840 The Cardinal de Bourbon proposed bigoe do as eventual king of France. La 1632 Battles of Lut,zen and of Castel· Croix du Maine publishes his naudary. Flechier. Bourdaloue b. BibUotheqtUJ Fr~8e. 1636 Treaty between Louis XIII. of 1587 Battle of ContrBII (10th of October) France, and Christina, queen of the Duke de Joyeuse is defeated Sweden (10th of March). Port , by Henry, king of Navarre. An Royal des Champa founded. L, Arabic lectureship is oreated at Oid brought oot. Boilean b. the college f'oya.Z. 164.2 Conspil'llCY of Cinq.Mars. Riche· 1588 The duke of Gnill8 and his brother lieu d. the cardiDal muro.ered at Blois. 1643 Louis XIII. d (4th of May). The duke d'Enghien, afterwards prince Dynasty oJ the Bou:.boil •• ofCondh, defeat. the Spaniards at Rocroy(9thof May). St.Cymndo 1589 Henry III. of France muro.ered 1648 The prince of Cond4! defeat. the (22nd of July). Henry IV. of archduke at Sans (10th of Augost). Cltronological Table. xv

A.D. A.D. Treaty ofMunster (l4tbofOotober) SpaiB. oonoluded'at Ratisbon(Slst between Franoe, Sweden and the of July) and between France and empire. The civil war or the the empire (5th of August). P. Fronde breaks out in Paris. Mer­ Comeille d. senne, Voitme d. La Sueur 1685 Louis XIV. revokes the edict of finishes his series of paintings Nantes. illustrating the history of at. 1686 Treaty of alliance between Germany, Bruno. Great Britain, and HoIland against 1659 Pea.oe restored hetween Franoe and Franoe. Conde d. . Spain, by the treaty oalled the 1689 The French Heat defeated by the "Peace or the Pyren_.~ Louis English and Dutoh in Bantry Bay XIV.marries the infanta of Spain. (lst of May). Racine and Esthet-. Moli&-e and the Prlfcievses ftdi· 1690 Battle of Fleurns; Luxemburg de­ /lUZes. feats the allies (21st of J unl'). 1661 Cardinal Mazarin d. BosSllet's first ThealliedEugIiaband Dutch Heets sermon betbre Louis XIV. defeated by the French off Beaohy 166'1 War renewed between France and Head (30th of June). Spain. Moliere and Tarl:uffe. 1691 A oongre&S. at the Hague, in Jan. Raoine and A~ Mons taken by the French (30th 1668 A triple alliance between Great· of March). Louvois d. Raoine Britain, Sweden, and the States­ and Athalie. Genent.l, against France (23rd of 1692 Battle of La Hogne: the English January). Peane of Ah-la-Cha­ defeat the French Heat (l9th of pelle, between Franee and Spain May). Namur, in Flanders, be. (22nd of April). Raoine and Lea sieged aud taken by Louis XIV. PZaMe1ws, Moli&-eand L'A_e. Le (25th of May). LlWIIIlburg de­ Sage b. mats the allies at Steinkirk (24th 1672 WardeolRredby Englandand Franoe, of July). against the Dutch. A treaty be­ 1693 The English and Dutch Heats ds­ tween the empire and Holland, mated by the Frenoh oft' Cape St. sgainst France (lSth of July). Vincent (l6thof Juue). Theduke Boileau and Le Lutrm. Moliere of Savoy defeated by Marshal and Les Femmes Ba'IHJtlf6s. Catinat, at Marsag1i& (24th of 1673 The English and French defeat the September). PeIisaon, BnaBy. Dutch (28th or May) at Sohon­ Rabutin, Mdme. de La Fayette, velt; again (4th of June), and Mdlle. de Montpensier d. (lith of August), In the mouth of 1697 Peace of Ryswiok (11th of Septam. the Texel. Louis XIV. declares ber) between Great Britain and waragainst Spain (9th ofOotober). Franoe-France and Holland­ Racine and MitMidat6. France and Spain; and on the 1674. Battle of Seneffe, in Flanders, bs­ 20th of Ootober, between France tween the prince of Orange and and the empire. Santenil d. The the prince of Conde (lstofAnguat). Abb6 Prevost b. Firat settlement of the Frenoh at 1698 The first treaty of partition between Pondicherry. Marshal Tureune Great Britain, France and HoI. defeats the Imperialists. Chaps­ land signed (l9th Ilf A.ugust) for lain d. Racine and IpMgtlnie. the dismemberment of Spain, to Malebranche and the Rechet-cM Charles II., king of that oountry, dAJ Za. V"';U. makes his will in mvour of a prince 1675 Conference for & peaoe held at of the house of Bourbmi. La Nimeguen. Madame de la. Valliere Nain de Tillemont d. takes the .. eil. 1700 Charles II., king of Spain, do (2lat 1678 Peace of 'Nimeguen (Slst of Joly). of Ootober). The duke of Anjou, La Fontaine publishes his second grandson of Louis XIV., anooeeds series of mbles. Duoange's Latin by the name of Philip V. Glossary. . 1702 Battle of Luzzara., in Italy (4th of 1681 The city of Strasburg anbmits to A.ugust); the Imperialists ds­ Louis XIV. Mabillon publishes feated ·by the )j'renoh; the French his De re diplomat\ell. Heat destroyed in the port of Vigo, 1684, Lnxemburg taken by Louis XIV. by the British and Dutch (12th of A truce between France and .Ootober) • ..Jean lJart d. xvi History of Franc,.

A.D. ..D. 17~ Battle of Hochstedt or Blenheim Britain, France, and Ruasia, (2nd of August). B088uet. Bour. ageinat Germany and Spain (8rd daloue do September). 1706 Battle of Ramilies (l2th of Yay) 1783 Stanisiaul proclaimed king of Po­ the French are defeated by the land (5th of Ootober). duke of Yarlborough. 178' The Imperialists defeated by the 1708 Battle of Audenarde (80th of June), French and Piedmonteae at Parma the Frenoh defeated by the duke (18th of June), and in the battla of Yarlborough and Prince Eu­ of Guaatalla, by the king of Sar­ gene. Regnard and Le Lego.taMe dinia, and the Marahale Coigny un«..... 8.1, Le Sage and Twr ...... t. and Broglie (8th of September). 1709 Battle of Malplaquet (8lat of Aug.), lIonteaquien'l Gmndetw •• 1>1- tbe French defeated by the allies. CCldenCi del RomIh.... Yona taken by the allies (2lat of 1785 Treaty of Vienna (3rd of October). Ootober). Port Royal dea Champa Voltaire publishes hisL.ttrea p"'l0- destroyed. 801>"iqu ... 1710 Battle of Villa Vioio.. (29th of No. 1740 The Emperor Charle. VI. do (9th of vember), the Imperialists; under October). Voltaire publishes hi. Count Stabremburg, are defeated ESIIH I1W lea fnOl1WS. by Philip V. 1741 The III'Obduohes. Haria There.. 1712 Negotiationl for a general peace orowned queen of. Hungary, at opened at Utrecht. Jean Jaoque. Preaburg (25th of Jun8). RouI_ub. 1748 Battle of Dettingen (16th of June). 1718 Peace of Utrecbt, ooncluded by Cardinal d. Fleul'f It. Voltaire France and Spaiu, with Eugland, and Merop •• Savoy, Portugal, Pruasia, and 1746 Battle of Fontanoy, the French de­ Helland, signed on the 80th of feat the alliea, commanded by the March, O.S. Fenelon publishes duke of Cumberland. his Tro4M de r •..vt.nc. deDi_ 174.6 (April 16th) Battle of Culloden. 17140 The bull" Unigenitu." received in ,I (Septemher 80tb) Count Sue de­ France. feat. the allies at RaUjlOUlI. Vau. 1715 Louia XIV. do (Slat of Augult), IUO' venargues anei the Int7'O

... .D. ... .D• :ftlinden mpitulatea. The French 1769 Napoleon Bonapart.e, euvier, CbA­ defeated ali Crevelt (JUDe 23). teaubriand, b. Helvetius publishes D. r Espnt. 177' (May 10) Louill XV. of France d.. Quesnay's Tabl6G" ofCOftOm;q..& Su-ted by Lolli. XVI. 1759 (St"ptember30.) TheBritishdefeated 1778 (February 6.) Treaty oC alliance and by the French in the Eaat Indies, defence between France and the near Aroot. Rousseau's Nout.. U. Americans. Pondichery taken by Hc!loise. the British. Rousseau, Voltaire, 1760 (April2Sth.) The English defeated by d.. Buft"OIl'. ~ d# la natu.... the French near Quebeo. Mdme. l1S! (A.pril12th.) Sir Georg9 Rodnl"y de­ de Souzal!. feats the French fleet under Coun~ 1761 (August 15th.) The thmily oompaot de Grasse, oft" Domilli,-" Another C)()]loluded between Louis XV. of engagemeut near Trinoomalee, ou Franca and Charles III. of SJlI'in. the same day I and a third in Sop­ Voltaire's L'IrlgMItA. temt-. 1763 (August 6.) The J8BUits suppressed 1783 (January 20.) Preliminaries of peace in France. Treaty ofpesoe signed between Great Britain, France and at Fontaineble&ll, between France, Spain, by which the independeuce Spam llEd Great Britain. Ro_ of America is L'OIlfumed. seau's Emiz... 1788 (November 6.) The Frenoh notables, 1763 (February 10.) Peace of Paris, be. C)()]lvokeci by Louis XVI., as&emble tween Great Britain, Franca and at Paris. Butron d.. Bernardin Spain, acceded to by Portugal. de St. Pierre's PGul et V'ty'n'e. l'aboo Prevost d.. 1789 (May~) The States General or 1761 (May 15.) Corsica ceded to Franoe, Flanca assemble. The Bastille by the Genoese. Benjamin Con­ at Paris destroyed (July HI. stant, Fiev~ II. Chenier'. ChGrks IX. performed. INDEX.

A1a.uda, the, Julius CIIflSa.r'S "Wakeful" Gallio Legion, 17. Abdel.Rhama.D, 38. Albemarle, the Duke of, 396. Abelard, 103 ; a Freethinker, hill. struggles Alberoni, 455; fall of, 456. with the Church,104. Albigensians, the, 104; crusade against, Academy, the French, fou.nded by Riche­ 105, 106; and Louis VIII., 111. lieu, 363. : Albret, Jeanne d', 297. -'--, the (see also French Aca.demy), Alouin, 45. . and Corneille's CU, 365 l and Racine, Aldred, Arcbbishop of York. anoints 429. ' Harold King of England, 69. . ---of Sciences, the, 434; and Fonte. AlOO90n, the Duke d', killed at Aginconrt, nelle,514. . 179. Acadia, French colony of, and M. de' Alesia., the town of, 15. Monts, 489; and the 'l'reatr of Utrecht, Alexander IV., Pope, and st. Louis, 119. 491. ---- VI., Pope, 222, 223; !!nd Lonis Acadians, Emigration of, to tho Bay of xn., 229. Fundy,492. . Alexis Comnenus, the Emperor, and the Adalhard, Soholar of the School of the· Crusaders, 76, 81. ' " Palace, time of Charlemagne. 50.. Allemanians, the, invade tha settlements Adams, John, 548. of the Franks, A.D. 496, 29. Adhemar, Bishop of PUYi 70. Allobtrogians, the, 8, 9. Adrets, Baron, 294- Almanza, the battle of, 1707, 390. Adrian I., Pope, 44. Alphonso II., King br Naples, and Charles lEduans, the, 3, 8. VIII., 223. lEgidius, Roman Gilneral, 29. Alps, the, crossed by Francis L and his lEtius, Roman Geueral, 28. army,243. • Agatha (Agde), Fou.nding of, 2. Alsace, 368; restored to France, 398. Agenois ceded to Edward 1:. of EngIlmcI Alviano, Barthelemy d', at the bahtle of by Philip III., 122. AgnaAlello, 23L ' Aginconrt, the battle of, Oot. 25. 1415, ' Amadeo, Victor, Duke of Savoy, 385, 390, 178. 391,392; and Law, the Scoteh adven., AgnadeUo, the battle of, between the ture~448, 449. ' French nnder Louis xn. and the Vens­ Amboise, Cardinal d', 229 i death and tians, 1509, 23L character, 232. Agobard, scholar of the School of the -, the Peace and Edict of, 1563, Palace, time of Charlemagne, 50. 295,296. Aguesseau, Chancellor d', 449; exiled, Ambrons, the, and Tf'utons, the, defeated 458. ' by the Romans u.nder Marius at the Aignes - Mortes, meeting, at, between Campi Pntridi, 102 B.C., 9. Francis I. and Charles V., 261. America and French enterprise, 488. Aiguillon, the Duke of, 501, 507. American Independence, the Declaration' Aire, John d', 149. of, Jnly 4,1776, 543 •. Aix.la.-Chapelle, residence of Charle· American Colonies, the, independence of magne, 46; the Peace of, 1668, 378; recogniZed by England, 548. Peace Congress and Treaty of 1748, ---War of Independence, the, 540 477. et 8eq. Ala.is, the Peace of, 354. . Ampsuarians, the, a tribe of the Franks, 27. Alario n .• King of the Visigoths.30. Amsterdam, gallant defenae cr. against AIa.ns, the, 28. Louis XIV. 379. ' 586 History of France. Amyot, lames, 859. Armagnao, Count Jamesd', and Louis XL, Anastasius, Emperor of the EBSt, 811. 202, 212. Anoenis, the Treaty or, 1468, 2M. ArmagnaoB and Burgundians, civil war Anore, MMBhal d' (see also Conci,,') , between the, 179. death of, 887. ----, :Massacre of the, 180. Andelot, Francis d', 297. Armoric Leagne, the, 8. Angilbert, scholar of the School or the Armorica, the Britons of, 8. l!aIace, time of Charlemagne, 60. Army reforms of Louvoia, 404. Anjou" the Duke of, and Charles VL, Arnaulds, the, and M. de St. Cyran, 414, 171. 415. -, the Duke or, Bon of lohn IT, Arouet, Fran90ia Marie, Bee Yoltatre. breaks his word of honour and escapes Arques, battIe of, gained by Henry IV., to Franoe, 161. 818. ---, Henry, Duke or, and the_ Arras, siege or, July 1414, 178; the Peaoe Cll'8 of St. Bartholomew, SOO; and the of (1435), 191; treaty at, in 1482, be. Biege of La Bochelle in 1578, 805; tween Louis XI., and Maximilian of elected King of Poland, 805; recalled Austria, 215. from Poland to the crown of Franoe as Artevelde, James Van, the brewer of Henry lII., 806. ' Ghent, and Edward lIT. of England, ---, the Duke or, becomes Philip V. 142. of Spain by the will of Charles IL, 8&1" ----. Philip Van, leader of the in· Anne of Austria aud Louis XIII., 887 ; surgent Fleminga, 173. and the Brouseel aft'a.ir, 869. Artois. Count Bobert of, commands the Anne de Beaojeu. 217,221; government army of Philip IV. raised to aubdue the of,21S. revolt in Flanders, and is defeated Anne of Brittany, 220; marriage or, with and killed at the battIe of Conrtrei, Charles VIII., 221; wife of Louis XII., 124. 239. Arverniana, the. 8. Anne, Queen of England, and the Duke Aeaaa, Chevalier d', heroic deatb or, of Marlborough, 888. 502. Anselm, St., 265- Aeaembly ofNot&bles, convocation of the, Antioch and the Crusaders, 77, 79. propoeed by M. de CaIonne (1787), Antipolis (Antibea), founding of, 2. 555. Antoinette, Marie, and Louis XVL, 651 ; b .._" of :TBf'U84Wm, Godfrey de Bouillon's and ODnrt intrigoes, 552; growing un· Code of Law., 79. popularity or, 554. ; inCll'8688 of the Atanlph, Kiog of the VisigothB, 28. popular feeling against, 555. Attila, the famous Hun King, 28. Antwerp surrenders to Louis XV., 476. Aubin-du.Cormier, St., battle of; 220. Aq1UB SextiJB (AD:), the first Boman Audenarde, the battle of, 891. settlement in TransalpiJie Gaul. 128 Augsbnrg, the Leagoe or, 1686, 8M. B.C., S. Augustus, sole master of the Boman Aquinas, St. Thomas, 265. world, 17; forms roads in Gaul, 17. Aqnitania, 84; conquered by the V'urigotha, --- IlL of Poland, death of, 465. 80; distriot of, 85. ---, Stanislaus, of Poland, 465. Aquitanian proTinoe, the, of ancient Gaul, Anneau, the battle of, 810. 2,17. Auray, battle of, costs Charles of Bioi. Aquitaniana, the, 2. his life and the countship of Brittany, Arabs, the, 87, ""; incureiona of the, in 14.4.. Southern Gaul, 8S. Anrelian, the Roman Emperor, 20. Arbogaatea, a leader of the Franks, 27. Aurelius, Marcus, 19 I per8BQutea the Arelate (ArIes), the town of, II Christians, 25. Argeuaon, Marquis d', 476; and the Anrillao, Gerbert de, 265. Orleans Regency, 452; quoted, 462, Austraaia, kingdom of, 88, 85. 469; and M. de Lally, 486; and the Austria and France, commencement ot decline of the kingship in Franoa, 494; the rivalry between, 211. dismiseed by Louis XV.. 4.9'1. ---and Henry IV.. 881. Ariana, the, 29. --- aud the Partition of Poland, Arl.mstus, 10, 11; is defeated by Julius 1772,510. C_, 12. ~ Margaret of (_also MMIIIJret), Armagnac, Count Bernard d', 177. 216. ----,. the Constable, torn to pieces ---., Anne of, wife of Louis XIII., h7 the mad mob of B~diana, ISO. 837. Index.

Avaux, M. d'; 868. Beauvais, siege 'or, by Cbarles the Rash, Avenio (Avignon), the town or, 2. 206. Avemians, the, 9, 10, 11. ---, the Bishcp of, and the trial of Avignon, chosen as .the Papal residence Joan of Arc, 190. by Clement V., 180. -,Vinoent of, writings of; 2M. Aydie, Odet d', and Lonis XI. 218. Beauvilliers, the Duke of, 416- Becla, Nile!, denounced by Erasmus, 272. B. Bedford, the Duke of, regent of France, Baldwin m., King ~f .r~a1em, aud 184; and Joan of Arc, 421; baa King Louis VII., 82. . Henry VL crowned at Paris, 1431, Balne, Ca.rdinal de Ia, 211. 191. Balzac, 863. Belgian province, the, of Roman Gaul, 17. Barbarigo, Doge of Venice, and Charles Belgians, the, 1. VIII., 222. Belle-Isle, Count, character of, 469. Barbarities of the early French Kings, ---, Marshal, coldly received at 84. Paris, 478: and the Italian campaign Barbarossa, Frederic. 85. of 1745, 474; death of, 600. Barbezienx,406. Belleville,. Joan of, wife of Oliver de Barbier, Advocate, 492, 506. CliBBOU, revenges her husband's death, Ba.rf\eur taken by Edward m., 146.• 145. , Bam. Godfrey de, Lord of Rena.udie. Bti1annce, Monseigneur de, heroic self. 289. Bacrifice and benevolence of, during the Barricades in Paris in 1648, 869. time of the Plagne in Marseilles, 459. Bart, John, a corsair of Dunkerque, ez· Benedict XI., Pope, and Philip IV. of ploits of. 381. . France, 130. Barthulomew, St., the Massacre of, events Benefices, 39. which led to, 800; commencement of Bantinck, Earl of Portland, 886. the Massacre of, by the murder of Bera.nger, Raymond, Count of Provence, AdmiraJ. Coligny, 301. gives his daughter Margnerite in mar. ,. Basques, the, 2. riage to Louis IX., 113. Bastille, the, begun by Charles V., 171. Berbers, the, or Moore, 44. Baudricourl and Joan of Arc, 186. Berengaria of Navarre, married to Ri. Bavaria, the Duke of, asked to give his ohard Ccsur de Lion at Cyprus, 86. danghter Isabel in marriage to Charles, Bergen.op·Zoom, captured 1747, 479. 173. Bergerac, the Peace of, in 1577, 309. '. ---, Judith of, becomes the ~e of Berlin, oaptured and pillaged by the ; Louis the Debounair, 55. Russians, 502. -, the Elector or, aud the battle Bernard, St., 81; death of, 84; and Ahl!.' , of Blenheim, 389, claims to the Empire, lard, 103; in concert with Cardinal 469; made lieutenant·general of the Alheric. preacheB against the heretica annies of France, 470; proclaimed in the Countship of Toulouse, 105. Emperor as Charles VII., 471. ' ---, Duke, of Saxe. Weimar, 857, Bavarians, the, 43. ' . 858. Baville, Lamoignon de, 412. Bemis, Abbl! de, 496; dismissed by Lonis Bayard, 'Peter du Terrail, the Chevalier XV., 600. de, knights Francis I., 2M; wounded Berquin, Lonis de, burnt as a heretio, near Romagnano; death of that "gentle 272. knight, well.beloved of every one," Bertrand du GueBclin, 164, 169. 252. Berry, the Duke of, and Charles VI, : Bayonne, loss of, by the English after 174. holding it for three centuries, 194. - the Duchess of, death of, 459. , Bazin, Thomas, quoted, 195. Berulle, Cardinal, 850. , Beachy Head, naval engagement olf, in Berwick, Marshal. and Philip V. of Spain, which the English and Dutch are de­ 890; gains the victory of Almanza, feated b,. the French under Tourville" 890; oommencea the campaign of 17340 385. ~Bt Austria, and is killed, 466. Beaujeu, Anne de, govemment of, 218. Bezlers, capture of, 106. Beaumarchais, aids the Americans against Bibracte (Autun), the town of; 8. England, 541. ' Biron, Marshal de, oonBpiraoy against - M

husband, Prince Louis, in his expe>­ Bourbon, the Dnke of, and the legitimized dition against England, 108; cha.ra.oter princes, 453- of, 112; mothsr of St. Louis, Ill. . ---, French colony, 482. Blenheim, the battle of, 1704, 189. Bourdaloue, Flother, death a.nd oharaoter Blois, Charles ol; war with John of Mont­ of,422. fort, 143. Bonrges besieged by the. Burgundians, _._ Treaty of, between Louis XII. and 178. Venice, 235. Bouteville, M. de, executed for duelling, Boileau, 430. 841. , --, Stephen, Provost ofYariB\ 117. Bouvines, battle of, won by the French Bolingbroke, Lord, (see also St. Jo'hm,), under Philip· !I., 101. and Voltaire, 516. Boyne, battle of the, 885. Bologna, meeting of lfrancis I. and Pope Brabant; the. Duke of, kil ed at Agio­ Leo II., 245; siege Clf, raised \>y GastoR court, 179. de Foil', 233. Breda., Peace of, between England and Boniface VII!., Pope, St. Lonis, claims Holland,377. temporal as well as spiritual power Brenn (the Brennus of the Greeks and in the affairs of Christ9J:ldom, 126, 127; Latins), the great Gallic chieftain, 4. and . his Bull, .. HelIII'ke7f,; _st tiellh' Brescia. eaptured by Gaston de Foa, Sm," 128; narrow escape of, .death 233. of,130. Bretigny, the Treaty of; between the Bonifacius, Roman G9I:leral, 27. English and French, 1360, 160. Bonnivet, Admiral, entrusted by Francis Breze, Peter de, seneschal of Louis XI., I. with the,conduct Clfthe war in Italy, 203. 251. --, Sille de, 250. Bordeaux, loss of, by the' English, 1451, .Bri90nnet, William, 271. 194; retaken by Lord Talbot, 195; revolt Brienne and Lonis XIV., 875. o~ against the Salt Tax, 1548, 277. ---, Lom~nie de, 555. Borgia, CIeIlM', 222. Brissa.e; Charles de, 327. Bossuet, and the works of Madame Brittany, the Parliament of, 494. Guyon, 417 ; and F~uelon, '417; head ---, John III. of, 143. of the great French Catholic l'arty. -,Arthur of; 100. 421; and the Revocation of the Edict of -, Francis II. of, and Lenis XI., Nantes, 418; death of,422. 204,208. Bouchain, captured by Villat'll and. the ---.-. Ann& of, wife of Louis XII., French,397. 239. Boucicant, Marshal de, 178. Broglie, Marslial, 472. Bonmers, Marsbal, 386, 388; defenas -.--, the Duke of, defeated at Minden, Lille against Marlborongh and Engene, 502. 391; at Malplaquet, 393. • BrouBseI, arrest of', 869. Bongainville, M, de, world circumnaviga- Broye. castl& of"147. tor, 554. Bructerians, the, 27. Bonillon, the Duke of, arrested for eon­ Brunehaut, Qneen, 85. spiring with Cinq Mars, 843. Brunswick, Grand. Duke Ferdinaud of', Bourbon, Francis of. See OO'lllnt liE. . defeats Count Clermont at Crevelt, ghitm. 500, ilefca.ts the French at Minden, ---, Charles, Duke of, and Francis I., 502. 243. , Brussels, captured by Marshal ,Baxe, ---, Cbarles II., Duke of, revolt Clf, 4'16. 250; interview with Bayard, 252; lays Bnrll§ (or Budleus), 278. siege to Marseilles, 253; is repulsed, Bnffon, 523-525. . and has to fall back on Italy, 254; ----, Count de, death of, iD. the Re· leaves the Imperial army in Italy and volution, 525. raises an army in Germany, 255 • killed ~ Burgundy, kingdom of, 83. at the storming of Rome, 1527, 259. I ___ a.nd Edward III. of England, -,the Constable de. See OIulh'Zes II. 159; taken possession of by John II., oj Bw,rlxm. 161; the Dukes of, and Charles VI., -, Louis de. See Pnnoe L0'Ui6 da 175, 176, 177. COfUU. ----" Philip the Bold, Duke of, and -, Henry de, son of Prince Lonis de Charles VI., 176, 177. Conde. See He'1I/ry da OmM. ---, Duke John the Fearless or, -,Cardinal Charles de, 317. murders the Duke of Orleans, 176; Inde:'(. S89 'returns, and becomes master of Paris, Cape Breton, oaptured by the English, 180 I death of, 181. 1745,492. 3urgundy, Charles the Rash, Duke of Capet, Hugh, 62; aud Feudal France, Burgundy, and Louis XI., 205; and 63; has his IIOD. Robert Drowned with the siege of Bea.nvais, 206; and the him, death of, &.D.996, 63. 'English in France, 207; defeated by Oapibu!a,ri,u, the, of Charlemagne and the the Swiss a.t Morat, 209, defeated and Frankish Kings, 48, 49. killed at the battle of N anoy, 210. Capponi, Peter, a.nd Charle. VIII., 223. ---, the Duke of, takes command of CaptaJ of Booh, capture of, 164, 166. the Frenoh army in Flanders, 884; Ce.rca.ssonne, 105. death of, 894- Carloman, aon of Pepin the Short, 42, 43. -,the Dnohess of, and LoIrls XIV., Carlovingian line, foJ.I of the, ·A.D. 937, 439; death of, 440. 57. Burgundians, the, 16;' and Armagnaos, CarnaU~the,484. oivil war between the, 177; obtain pos­ Cartier, lames, 489. session of Paria, 180. Cassel, 172. Bussy, M. de, 484-486. Castelnaudary, battle 'of, 843. Butchers, the, of Paris, 177. Castillon, death of Lord ToJ.bot and his Bute, Lord, and:Mr. Pitt, 503; demands son at the siege of, 195. , the destruotion of Dunkerque, 504. Castries, Marshal de, 502, 648- Byzantium in danger from the Crusader., Cateall.Cambresis, Treaty of, 1559, 281. 81. Catherine de Medici. See M6Mc\. , C...... ~, Princess, daughter of Charlea VI., offered in maniage to Henry V. of Cabellio (Cavaillon), the town of, 2- England, 182. ' Casn taken by Edward III., 146. - n. of Russia, 504, 505; and ClBsar Borgia, 222. Voltaire,52L -, Julius, and the oonquest of Gaul, Catholics, the, and the Edict of Nantes, 10, defeats the Helvetians, B.C. 58, 12 ; 823-. begins his oonquest of Gaul., 9; defeats Catinat, 886, 886, 887. the Germans who had invaded Gaul Cattians, the, a tribe of the Franks, 27. under Ariovistus, 10 I cha.ra.cter of, 13 ; CauchoD, Peter, Bishop of Beauvais, and defeats the Gauls under Vercingetorix, 'Joan of Arc, 189. 14; enoloses eighty thousand Ga.1lio in. C8!Valier, the Camisa.rd, 418. Burgents under Veroingetorix iD. the Cellama.re's conspiracy 453, 454. town of Alesia., 16. Celts, the, 2. Cala.is, siege of, by Edward In., 147, 148, Ceresole, victory of the French over ~he captured from the English by Duke de Imperial forces at, 1544, 262. Gnise" 1558, 281; and the treaty of Ceriguola, battle of, between the French Cateau·Cambr~sis, 282. and Spaniards, 1503, 228- Calas, 520; the perseoution of the, and Cevennes, mins in the, 413. Voltaire, 463. Chabannea, Philip of, Count de Damp' Caliguia, government of, 18. martin.' See Damlpmmm.. OaJixtus III., Pope, rehabilitates Joan of Chala.is, Count o~ 841. Aro,191. Chalons, the battle of, between the Franks Oalonne, M. de, made oomptroller.general and Hnns, .in which the latter are de. by Louis XVI., 551; extravagant mea­ feated, 28. sures of, 553; proposes to convoke the Chalota.is, M. de la, 506, 507. Assembly of Notables, 555. Chamavians, the, a tribe of the Frauks, 27. Calvin, 274, 275; 01vristiam, Instibutes, Chamillard,388,892,406. 274. Champagne, Philip of, 435. Calvinists, the, and Henry IV., 322, 323. Champeau, William of, 265. Cambra.i, the League of, 230; the Pea.ce . Champlain, Samuel de, 489, 490. of, 1529, 260; captured,381. Chandernugger, Frenoh colony, 4.85; reo Camisards, revolt of the, 412, 413. stored to the Frenoh, 493. Canada., early Frenoh settlements in, Chandos, John, leader of the English at , 488; and the Treaty of Utreoht, 491; the battle of Auray, 104; defeats Goes. abandoned by France, 493. olin, 166; and the Prince of. Wales Canadians, the French, 491; chara.cter of, enter Spain with an army of 27,000 492; devotion and oourage ,of, 491. men, 167. Canals, the, of Languedoo and Orleans, Chara.rio, king of the Terouanne Franp, 402. . . 82. ' History of France.

Charibert of Paris, 33. 279; captures TheronllJllle, 280; abo Charlemagne, 42; sole king of the Gallo" dication of, 280; and the capture of Franoo.Germanio Monarohy, A.D. 771, Saint Quentin, 281. 43; snmmary of the wllrs of, 43; in· Charles VI. and the Duke of Burgundy, vades Lombardy, 44; enters Rome, 171; minority, 171; of France invades A.D. 774, 46; invades Sp9.in, 44; and Flanders, 172; enters Paris, 172; and his government, 46; his misri ~ the Princess Isabel of Bavaria, 178; or chief agents of government, 47; Oa.­ character of, 184; mental derangement pitulaJries,· 48; great men 0.1 the reign of, 174; mad freaks of, 174; and the of, 49; forms a school of the paJaoe, civil war between the Armagnacs and 50; death of, on Jan. 28, 814, 51. Burgundians, 177; and Odette, 174; Charles of Anstria and Francis I., oom­ by the treaty of Troyes, leaves the mencement of the strnggle between; crown of France to Henry V. of England, elected Emperor of Germany as Charles 182; death of, 184- V. at the Diet of Frankfort, 1519, --- VII., 184; youth of, 185; first 248. heara of Joan of Arc, 186; and Joan of ---VI. of Austria, 890. Arc, 187; coronation of, at Rheims, ----of Blois, 143, 144. 188; remorse for the death of JOSon of - the Bad. See NaJlJOII'f'tJ. Arc, 190; convokt's the States. General --_ the BaJd, son of Louis the De- at Tours to ratify the peo.ce with Bur­ bonnair, born, 56. gundy, 198; and the Constable De --~ of Burgundy. See Bwrg'll:,,,ll1. Richemont, 196; re.enters Paris :Nov. _- the Dauphin re·enters Paris, 12th, 1437, 192; .besieges Montereau in 153. person, and is one of the first assailants --- Edward, Prinoe, expelled from to penetrate into the plaoe, 192; expe­ Franoe, 479. . dition against Aquitaine, 194; renews --- the Fat, 53, 58, 62. the war with England, 1449, 194, 195; ---, son of Pepin the Short, 42. renders tardy homage to the memory ---the Rash. See BwrgllllW1iy. and fame of Joan of Arc, 196; and """"""-- the Simple, A.D. 898, 54- Jacques Coour. 196; oharacter of, 197; - I. of England and Henrietta of and the Pragmatio Sanotion, 199; France, 853. troubles with his son, 199; death of, 200. ---- II. of England and Louis XIV., ---Emperor, 897; death of, 469. secret allianoe between, 378- --- VIII., 217; and the States- ---II. of Spain and the claimants General of 1484, 218; and Duke Louis to his kingdom, 887. of Orleans, 219; marriage of, with ~- III. of Spain and Louis XV., Anne of Brittany, 210; prepares to win treaty between, 1761, 503. back the kingdom of Naples, 221; ---IV., called the Handsome, 152. enters Italy, 222; and Pope Alexander --- V. of France, 162;' the Fifth'. VI., 228; enters Rome 1495, and brothera and .istera, 163; government Naples, 223; league of' the Italian of, 163, 169, command. Edward the Princes against, 224; starts to retnrn Black Prince to oome to Paris; the to France; wins the battle of Foruovo Prince's answer, 167; dellth of, 1380, and retnrns to Franoe, 224; govern­ 170; character of, 170, 171. ment of, death of, 225, Commynes' --- V ~ Emperor of Germany, and oharacter of, 226. Francis I., 248; and the oommence­ ---IX. and the religions wars, 1560 ment of the war with France, 249; and -1574, accession of, 291; and the St. Charles II of Bourbon, 250; and his Bartholomew, 301; and the battle of prisoner Francis I., 256; demands the Dreu, 294; and the H nguenots, Duchy of Burgundy of Francis I., 296 j and the marriage of Marguerite 258; and the Holy League, 259; and de Valois and the Prince of Navarre, the treaty of Cambrai, 260; entera 299; and Coligny, 299; the Guises Provence with 50,000 men in 1536. and Coliguy, 800; and the murder of 261; and Francis I., treaty and meet­ Coligny, 801; and Miohel de I'Hospital, ing between, 1538, 26l; and Henry 292; exouses for the massacre of S t. VIIL of England, treaty between, 1543, Bartholomew, 301; and the fourth 262; and Francis I., renewal of war religions war, 804 ; and the peaoe qetween, 154~1544, 262; invades of La Rochelle, 805; death of, 1574, France, and foroos terms on Francis I., 805. 263; and the Protestsnt Princes of Charolais, Count Charles of, 202 laud Germany, 2781 at the siege of Mezt, Louis XI., 208. Index. 591

Chartier's Alan, Quad,riloge itwectif, 309 direotioni, preaching the ornsa.de againali poet,ISS. the Albigensians, 105. Chastel, John, attempts to murder Henry Civilization, progress of, in the time of ~ IV.,328. . Louis XL,215. ,Chi.teauroU%, the Duohess ot; and Lonie Oivita Veoohia provisionally given np to , XV.,47'- Charles VIII., 223. . !Chitelet, Madame du, and. Voltaire, Claude, the Prinoess, oC France, daughter I 517. of Louis· XII., . and Charles of Austria, 'Chatham, Lord, (see also Pitt), 500, 228. 503. . . Claudius, policy of, in Gaul, 18. Chi.tillon, Madame de, 242. Clement, James, stabs King HeDry m .. ·Chaucians, the; a tribe of the Franks, 315. 27. ---V., PoPe, and Philip IV., 130 ; Chauvelin, 467. abolishes the order of the Templars, Chavigny, 366. 130 I death of, 131. Cherbonrg taken by Edward m., 146. ---VII., Pope, 260. Chern.scans, the, a tribe of the Franks, --- VIII., Pope, 322; and Henry 27. IV., 543; absolves Henry IV., 328; Chevert, 471. annnla the marriage of Henry IV. with Chevreuse, the Duke ot; 416. Marguerite of Valois, 333. Childebert of Paris, 33. Clermont, grand Council at, in 1095, -IIL,36. under Pope Urban II., 7t. Childeno, King of the Franks; 33, ---, Count, beaten at Cre?ll1t, 36. , 500. Chilperio of Soissons, 33. Clisaou, Oliver de, attempted &88888i­ Chivemy, Chancellor de, 326. nation of, 173. Choiseul, the Duke o~ Ministry of, 500; Clive II a heaven.bom general," 483; his attempt to invade England deCeated, early SUCC6SB68 against the French and 501; and the Family Pact, 503; dis­ their Indian allies, retlll11S to India missed by Louis XV., 5IY1; his attempts and conquers Bengal, 48t. to obtain colonies Cor France, 501; and Clodomir of Orleans, 33. the Polish insnrrection, 511; and the Closter. Severn, the convention or, 1757. approaching rupture between England 498. and the American colonies, 540. Clotaire I. of Soissons, 33. Christian zeal superior to pagan persecu­ --II. of Soissons murders his nephew, tion, 25. 33. · Christiahity, establishment o~ in Gaul, Clovis, King of the Balian Franks, 29; 25; rise of, 24; peculiar and glorious and Clotilde, marriage ot, 29; at tbe cbaracteristio oC, 25; in1luence oC, on battle of Tolbiao, 30; baptism of, SO ; the crder of knighthood, and, through makes Paris the centre of his dominions, · it, on civilization in general, 66. 82; death of, in A.D. 511, 32. 'Christians, persecution of, by Marous Clovis III., 37. · Aurelius, A.D. 177, 25; the, expected Oads Michlw, 349. the end of the world A.D. 1000, 66; Coettier, James, 21t. and the Holy Land, 74; persecuted, CIBnr de Lion, Richard, in the Holy Land. 77. 85,86,87. Church and State in the time of Louis --, . Jacqnes, a great merchant and XIII. and Riohelil'u, 350. . statesman, 196, 197. Cimbrians, or Kymriaus, the, and the Cognac, Francis I. at, in 1527,257. Teutons driven from their homes on Coigny, Marshal, 467. the shores of tbe Baltic by an earth. Colbert, M., 376; and Louis XIV. 399; quake and inundations, spread south· able administration of, 400, 402; wards over Europe and threaten Gaul literary taste and work of, 43'- and Italy, 113, B.C., 9; invade Gaul by Coligny. Admiral de, and the ReCor. way of Belgica, 110 B.C., 9. • mation, 294, 296 ; inflnence with Cinq.Mars, M. de, favourite of Lonis Charles IX., 299; attempted murder of, XIII., 343; imprisonment of, 344 ; 300, 301, 431; and the early Frenoh condemned to death and threatened Settlements in Amerit», 488. with torture, 344. College Royal, the, 268. · Cisalpine Gaul, 7. Colonna, Sciarra, and Pope Bonif'aoe · Oiteaux, twelve abbots and twentymouks VIII., 129. of Oiteaux disperse themselves in all Colonl1&., Prosper, 249. History of France.

OIlm'lllOO toea.l, war of the, against Louis Courtrai, battle of, in whioh the French XI., 202. are defeated by the Flemings, 124- Communes, the, and the Third Estate, Coustou, 533. 134; rise of the, 135 ; Roman traditions Coysevox, 435. . and Christian sentiments had their Craon, Peter de, 1'13. share in the formation or the, 135, Cr~oy, arrival of the English under Edward 136. III., 146;' commenoement of the battle CommYnes, Philip de, quoted, 202, 205, of, 147. 206, 211. 216; and Louis XI., 213, Crequi; Marshal de, subdues Lorraine, 216; character and works of, 267. 382. . COrrl1'agme des I'1IConcordat, 247, 248; death of, De Luynes, Constable, 389, 340. 260. Denain, captured by Villars and the Duquesne and Admiral Ruyter,. 881 ; Frenoh, 896; effeots of the battle of, bombards Algiers and Genoa, 888. 897; Duras, Marshal, 885. . Denis, Saint, 3:1& Dutoh, the, deolare war against England, D'Epernon, 817. 546. De Richemont, the Constable, his oha­ racter and part in the suocesses of E. France at the olose of the 100 yeaTS' war, 195, 196. Ecluse, defeat of the Frenoh f1est at, by Desoartes, Rene, life, oharaoter, and works Edward III. of England, 142. 0.f,861. Eoouen, the edict of, 287. Desmarets, 401. Ediot Chamber, the, 829. Despreaux, M. See Boilea.u. -- of Nantes, tbe (see also NMlts.o), De Thou, 307. issued by Henry IV., 829; revoked by Dettingen, the battle of, 473. Louis XIV., 1685,884, 409. Diderot, 521, 523. -- of GTa.ce, the, signed at Alais, 85"- Didier, King of Lombardy, 44- --of Union, the, 868. • Diooletian, 25. -- of 1724, \he, against the Protes- Dives,the town of, Duke William or Nor­ tants, 463. mandy's 'l'enMZVOUS for his troops and Edward tbe Black Prince, death and ships, meant for the invasion of Eng­ oharacter of, 168. land,69. -- I. of England receives Agenols of Divitiacus, 10. Philip III. of France, 122; swears Domremy, native place of Joan of Arc; 186. fealty at Paris to Philip IV. of France, Dormans, William de, minister of Oharles 124. V., 163. --III. of England, 142; and Robert D'Orte, Viscount, 303. of Artois, 143; deolares war with Philip Doryleum, the Suracens defeated at, by VI. of' France on Angust 21et. 1887, . the Crusaders, 77. 143; commences' war with France, Douai, captured b:r Villars and the Frenoh, • 142; and the English before the 397. battle of Crl!cy, 146; and tbe Burghers Drllux, results of the battle of, 294. of Calais, 147; and John II. of FranCf', Dl'eux.Brez6, tbe Marquis of, 5640. 151; and his prisoner, King John of Druids, persecution of, by Claudius, 18. Franoe, 153; again invades- France, Druidism, tbe national religion of the 146; declares war with Charles V., 167 ; Gauls, 23, 24. death of. 16B. Dubarry, Madame, and Louis XV., 507; --'- IV. of England's claims on and the fall of tbe Frenob Parliament, France, 207. 508; growing oontempt of her by the Eginhard, quoted, 48-4.6. . people, 509. , ---, biographer of Charlemagne, 46. Dubois, Abb6, oharacter of, 454; and Ebresburg, oastle of, 43. Lord Stanhope, 455; how he became' Elizabeth, Queen of England, and the Arohbishop of Cambra;' 458; elected treaty of Cateau-Cambresis, 281; and Cardinal, 460; beoomes premier Minis­ the Frenoh Protestants,804; death and ter of the Orleans regenoy; death and oharacter of, 8S0. oharacter, 460; and the Protestants, ---, Madame, and Marie Antoinette, 4~3. . 552. Dubourg, A. De, martyrdom of, 286. EmporilB (Ampurias, in Catalonia), found­ Duchitel, Tanneguy, leader of the Arma­ ing of, 2. gnaos, 180. Enoyolopredists, the, 521, 522 •. Duolos, qnoted, 217. Engbien, Fmnois of Bourbon, Count d', Duels, severe ordinanoe against, 341. 26a. Q Q 594 History of Frallce. Enghien, the Dnke of, and the relief of the Seven Years' War, repulses the Rocroi, 367. Dnke of Cnmberland, 497. England, conquest of, by William the :f:tablissemente de St. Lonis, the, Bastard. 1066, 66-72; its inOuence on 116. France, 123. Etrnria, Tuscany, ravaged by the Gauls, ___ and the Normans, 66; invaded 687-681 B.C., 6. by the Normans, 70; and Franoe, ori· Endes, Dnke of Aqnitania, 37. gin of the rivalry between, 123; and ---, Count of Paris, defends Paris Flanders in the 13th oentnry, 123; and against the :North men, 63. Franoe, origin of the Hundred Years' Engene, Prinoe, of Savoy.Carignano, 388; War between, 142; and continental and Marlborongh, 388; and Villero;, affairs, .1509, 230; and France, ont. 389; and the battle of M.. lplaquet, 393; break of war between, in 1512, 234; and the Peaoe of Utrecht, 397; aud the and the massacre of St. Bartholomew, campaign of 1734, 466. . 304; and the revolt of La Rochelle, Europe, trade of, in the 13th centnry, 353; and Holland, allianoe between, at principally carried on by Flanders, 123; the marriage of William of Orange and coalition of, against Franoe under Louis the Princess Mary, 1677, 381; and XIV., 389. Franoe declare war with Spain, 1719, Euthymenes, the explorer, 2. 458; and the treaty of Aix·la.Chapelle, 1748,479; rise of her power in America, and decline of that. of Franoe, 491; and F. Franoe, war between, in 1756, 495; F ....aon, 437. French attempt to invade, in 1759, de­ Fanni7ly Pact, the, between Franoe and feated by Admiral Hawke, 501; de­ Spain, 1761, 503. cl.. res war with Spain, 1762, 504; and FwrC8 of Patelin., the, 267. the partition of Poland, 1772, 603; and Fare!, William, 270. the American War ot Independenoe, Faroese, Alexander. See Parma. 640 et seq.; and France, commenoement Fenelon, Bossuet, and Madame Gnyon, of war between, 1778, 643; threatened 416; his work on the In....,. Life, 417 ; invasion of, by Franoe and Spain, 644; birth of, 1651, and early life of, 423; at war with Franoe, Spain, and Ame· made preoeptor of the Duke of Bur. rica, declares war against Holland, 646. gundy, his TelemaqlJ.6, 423; death and English, the, and Maroel, 157; defeated character of, 424r; Pascal, aud Bossnet, by J nan of Are, raise the siege of 424. Orleans, 188; evacuate Paris, 192; and Ferdinand, the Cathollc, of Spain and France nnder Lonis XI., 206; invade Lonis XIL, 240. . • Franal under Henry VIJI.,. and take ---II. of Naples and Charles VIII., Boologne, 263; and Philip II. of Spain 223; energy of, 225. invade Franoe; expedition against La F~ria, Dnke of, leaves Paris with the Rochelle defeated, 353; and the battle Spanish troops, 327. of Fontenoy, 476. Fendal France and Hugh Capet, 62. :f:pernon, the Dnke of, 317, 336. --- System, the essential elements of :f:piuay, Madame d', and Ro1!.sseau, the, 69; considered by the mass of 628. the popnlation a foe to be fought, and Erasmus, quoted, 272; denounoes Noel fought down at any cost, 59, 60. Beda,272. --- Society and Louis XI., 202. Erigena, John Scot, 265. Feudalism in Franoe, 65. EscurU!J, the, 330. Fiefs, the owners of, and their mntnal EspremesniJ, M. d', 556, 657. relations considered, 60. Estates·General, assembled at Paris, 129. Field oj the Cloth of Gold, 248. See States-Ge1Imal. Flauders, oommercial relations of, with -----,thethree,ofl46~~ England, 123; submits to Philip IV ~ 'Estaing, Connt d', commands the French 125; under Count Louis de Nevers,l42; Heet sent to aid the Americans, 643, and the threatening 100 yeanl war 644. between France and England, 142; and Estelle, Sheriff, and. the Plague in Mar· Charles IX. of France, 299; and Louis seilles, 459. XIII., 358. Estieune, Robert (St.ephanusJ, 268. -,Joan of, her intrepid defenoe of Estreea, Gabrielle d', 33S. Hennebon Castle, 144- -, Marshal d', commander or the ------, Lonis, Count or, and Charles VI., French army at the oommenoement of 171,172. Itla"ex. 595 Fleet, the French, and Colbert, 4.02; under lands to her own profit, 491: leavel! Louis XV., 495. Canada to her fate, 493; position of. at Flei", the Peace of, in 1580, 309. the end of the Seven Years' War, 610; Fleurus, battle of, 1690, 385. and the partition of Poland, 1772, 610 ; Fleury's, Cardinal, ministry, 1723-1748. the effects of Voltaire's writings on, 464; 'oommencement of his fostering 621; and the American War of Inde. administration, 464, 465; concludes the pendenoe, 640; and England and the peace of Vienna, 1735, 467; and Chau· American War of Independence, 641; velin, 467; and the Parliament of Paris, l'eCognizes the Independenoe of the 468; and Count Belle.Isle, 469; death United States, 1778, and declares war and character of, 472. with England, 643; and the peace be. Flenry, M. Joly de, 529. tween England and America, 1783, 649; Florence, the Republic of, and Charles on the eve of the Revolution, 556-560. VIII., 222. Francis de Valois, Count of Angouleme, Floridas, the, confirmed to Spain, 493. afterwards Francis I., 240. Foix, Gaston de, Duke of Nemours, takes Francis I., 241; and eharlea V., 218; the command of tbe French army in Italy, era of modern France commences with 1512, 233; death of, at the victory of his government .and times. 241; made Ravenna, 236. king, 240; prepares to invade Italy, Fontaine, La (see also La. Fonta'ft.8I, 431. 243; and his army cross the Alps, and Fontaine Fran<;aise, enoounter at, 328. the battIe of Melegnano, 244; regains Fontainebleau, Peace of, 1762, 504. possession of Milanesa, 250; Pope Leo Fontenelle, character and works of,514.. X., the P'I'agmatic BcmctiRenaissance, 264; V. at Cambria, 260; and Duprat, 260; in the Middle Ages, 265; and the nas· and Henry VIII., meeting and treaty cent Reformation, 270; and the Treaty ;between, 1532, 260; and Soliman II., of Cateau-Cambresis. 281; state of, at treaty between, 262; and Charles V., the commencement of the reign of war renewed between, from 1542 to Henry III., 307; condition of, after 1544, 262; forced to terms by Charles Henry IV.'s abjuration, 827; and Enl!" V. of Germany, 263; and the RenRis. land, treaty between, in 1697, 386; and sance, 264; and the ColZ

BRcre of the V&udiRtls, 273, 274; and Frenoh Guiana, 610. Calvin, 275; death of, 1547, 276; &tid Freundsberg, George of, 259. the salt.tax at Rochelle, 277. Frisons, the, 48. . .. Francis I., Emperor of Germany, 476.. Froissart, quoted, 147, 148, 164, 16,; __ II. and Mary Stuart, marnage oharacter and works of, 267. of 280; ascends the throne, 285; &tid Fronde, the, 869; of the Princes of Fro.noe the Reformers, 286, 287; and the G)1iseR, amI of the people, 871; the army of, 286; and the King of Navarre, 288; fighting between, and the Royal troops, death of, 290; death of, &tid the Guises, 872; defeat of, 873. 291. Frondeurs, the, 860. Franks, the; first mention of in history, 27. Fllmes, battle of, 124. " Freemen," or Franks, 27. Fredegonde. Queen, death of, 85. G. Frederick Barbarossa (Redbeard), joins in a new crusade, 85; drowned in the , Ga.bel, or the ~alt.tax, 277. Selef on his way to the Holy Land, 85. Ga~ta, siege of, 1504, 228. --- II., emperor of Germany, his Galatians, the, 6. struggle with Popes Gregory IX. and GaJigaY, Leonora, 887. Innocent IV., 88. Gallia Comata., 7, 17. ---III. of Naples, 225. --- Togata, or Roman Gaul, 7,17. ---the Great, 469; commenoes the Gallican Confession, the, 288. Silesian campaign, 1740,469; signs a Gallo.Frankish Society, state of, in the new treaty with France, 1744, 470; eighth oentury, 89. and, the battle of Fontenoy, 475; and Garoune, the river, 2. Lonis XV., 476; and the treaty of Ai". Gaston de Foi". See FoilD. ,1a..Chapelle, 479; England, and the Gaul, 1; oonquered by Julius ClI9sar, 12- Franco • Austrian Alliance, 496; vic. 16; nnder Roman dominion, 16; its torious at Prague, and defeated at Kolin, Roman rulers, from 49 D.C.-A.D. 805, 497; reverses of, 498; gains the battle 16.26; divided into three provinoes of Rosbach, 499; defeats the Anstrians by Augustus, 17; nnder Augustus, 17; at Lissa, 499; gains the battle of Zorn­ the sixty nations or peoplets of, reoog­ dorf, and loses that of Hochkiroh, 6UO; nized by Augustus, 17; undor Caligula, revprses of, in 1760, 602; finds an ally Tiberius, Claudius, Nero, 17-19; the in Peter III. of Russia, 604; and the Germans in, 27; the Visigoths and end of the Beven YStlh',' Wtlh', 606; and Burgundians definitely settle in, A.D. the partition of Poland, 610; invites 412,28. Voltaire to Berlin, 618. Gauls, the, 8; Bend representatives to Frejns, the Bishop of, ereatlld Cardinal Rome, 6 I emigration of, 8; invade 1!'lenry. See l!'Zeury. Germany, 4; invade Italy, B.C. 687, 4; French, the, rise out of and above the invade 'I'hrace, Macedonia, Thessaly, feudal system, 69; and English, oom­ Greece, 4; defeated by King Antiochus mencement of hostilities between, in of Syria, 6; pass into Asia Minor, 6; 1292, 122; rejoicing of the, at the peace in Asia Minor become a. people under of Tours, 193. the name of Gailltians, defeated by --- Commuues, the, 184-136. Attalus, keep the Phrygians and Greeks --- oivilization, The Third Estate, the of Asia Minor in subjection, 6; of Asia most active and determining element Minor enoountered and defeated by the in the prooess of French oivilization, RomanI in pursuit of Hnnnibal, D.C. 138_ 189, 7; oommenoe thoir 400 years'. war --- nationality accomplished, 139. with Rome, B.C. 891, 6; defeat the ---- language, the, and the Renais- Romana at Aretium, 288 B.C" 6; nnder sanoe, 266. Hannibal, 7. --Academy, early days of the, 863; Genoa, defence of, by the Duke of Bouftler., its rules of Election, 864; and Montes. 478; oedes Corsica to Franoe, 1768, 610_ quieu, M3; eleots BuJI'on, 625. Genoese cross· bowmen, the, at Creey, 147. --- Reformers, the, and Louis XIV., George I. of England and Dubois, 456. 410. -- II. of England a.nd the Pragm(1tic --- Court, demoralization of, under Sanctum, 470 I and the wo.r with France, Louis XV., 461. . 1744, 472; denth of, 1760, 602. --- enterprise in Amerioa, 488. --III. of England, 602, 643, 646, M8. --- pioneers, the earliest in North GeoftHn, Madame, 626, America, 488-400. Gcpidiana, the, allies oCthe Huns, 28. lndex. 597 Gerbart, seoretary of Archbishop Ada!­ Gregory XIV., Pope, 819. beron, and afterwards Archbishop of Gretry, musiciau, 533. B.heims and Pope, 265. Greuze, paiuter, 532. Germanious, 18. . Griguan, Madame de, and Madame de Germans, the Ancient, ~,10; in Gaul, 10; Sevigue, 424t, 425. first become a nation, 27. Grimaldi, Reguier de, a celebrated.Jtalian Germany, joins in the Crusades, SO. I admiral, employed by Philip IV. in his Gesta, Dei, per Frantcos (the Crusades), 80. war with Flanders, 125•. Ghent, alliance at, in 1340, between the Grisons, the, 156. Flemish Communes and Edward Ill. of Guastall~l the battle of, 467. England, 142; insurrection of the bur­ Guasto, .Marqnis de, 262- ghers of, under Philip Van Artevelde, Guesclin, Bertrand du, 164; is set at 171; captured by Louis XIV., 391, liberty for a ransom, 166; is made Gibraltar, 548. Constable of France by Charles V., Girardon, 435. 169; death of, 169. Gluok, 533. Guinegate, battle of, 236. Gnostics, the, lOJ.. Qnise, 286. Godls Peace, God's Truce, 64- --, the Cardinal of, death of, 818. "God willeth it!" war-cry of the early --, Francis de Lorraine, Duke 0(,279 ; crusaders, 75. . and the siege of Metz, 279; recalled Godeau, Bishop of Grasse, 363. from Italy by Henry II. to repel the Godehen, M., supersedes Dupleix, 484. Spaniards, 281; captures Calais, 282; Godfrey de Bouillon (see Boui!lon). Duke Conde, 283; and the Huguenots of of Lorraine. martial and noble oharacter Vassy, 292; &t the battle of Dreux, of, 77; acoepts the office of King- of . 294; and Charles IX., 298; assaseina.- Jerusalem,78. . tion of, 294. . --- of P8.li.q, quoted, 131. -'-, Duke Henry de, 308; obtains his Godwin, Earl, 67. name of The Scarred, whilst putting Golo, defe'at of the Corsioans at, 231, down the Protestant 1'8volt, 308; be­ Gondebaud, 30. comes master of Paris, 311; murdered Gondegisile, 30. by order of Henry III., 312. Gondi, Paul de, afterwards Arohbishop of Guises, the, 286; cruelties of, 287, 289; Retz, 369. and the death of Francis II., 290; and Gontran of Orleans and Burgundy, 33. the Catholio party declare war against Gonzalvo of Cordova, the great Oaptain of Conde and the Protestants, 292; and Ferdinand of Spain, 228. Coliguy, 300; and the murderofColigny, Goodfellows, the, 156. 801; and Philip II. of Spain, 809. Gordes, the Count de, 303. Gniton, John, burgess of La. Rochelle at Goths, the, 27; nnder Alario II., beaten the time of the siege by Lonis XlII., by Clovis near Poitiers, A.D. 507, 31. 353. Grllloo-Roman Paganism, 240. Gustavus Adolphus and Richelieu, 856. Grailli, John de, oalled the Captal of Guyenne, the conquest of; 194, 195. Buoh, 164, 166. Guyon, Madmne, teachings and works of, Gra,nd, AlUance, the,' against France and 416,417. Louis XIV., 381, 389. Grand Company, the, and Bertrand Gnes­ H. clin,I65. Hadrian, 19. fJ1,antd Monarq'U8, 440. . Hainault, Isabel of, wife of Philip Augus­ Grange, John de la, minister of Charles tus, 99. V., 163. Hanover, the Elector of, and the Seven Gran son, Charles the Rash of Burgundy Years' War, 498. defeated at, by the Swiss, 209. Hapsburg, Rudolph of, Emperor, 121. Grasse, Count de, capture~ Tobago, and Rarlay, Francis de, and Innocent XI., . aids the Americans, 546. 418,423. Great Britain and the American Declara- Haro,. Don Louis de, Ambassador to tion of Independence, 1776, 643. France, of Pbilip IV. of Spain, 373. __ Mogul, the, 483. Harold, son of Earl Godwin, and after­ Greeks, the, 1. , wards king of England, 67; visits Gregory of Tours, historian, 31. William of Normandy, and il detained ___ VII., Pope, and the Crusades, 85. by him until he swears over the. relics ___ IX" Pope, and Frederick II. of to aiq the Duke to maintain the English Germany, 88. crown, 68; anointed King of England, History of France.

by Aldred, archhishop of York, 69; anointed at ChArtres, 326; enters Paris, marches to subdue Tostig, 70; death 1594, 8ll7; attempted murder of, by of, at Hastings' fight, 72. John Cbastel, 828; deelares war with Haronn al-Raschid, 74. Philip II. of Spain, 328; gallant con­ Haswnc of Hastings, chieflain of the duot at the enconnter of Fontaine­ Northmen, ravages France, 52. Frantyaise, 328; makes peace with Spain Hastings, the battle of, 70. at Vervins, issues the Ediot of N &lites, Hantefort, Marie d', and Lonis XIII., 843. 829; and the House of Austria, 830; Havenonght, or, the moneyless, Walter, foreign policy of, 381; his ministers, his crusade, 76. 331-333; e.nd Marguerite of Valois, ·Hawke, Admiral, 501. annnlment of their marriage, 833; and Heinsius, grand pensionary, 388,392. Biron's conspiracy, 834; assassinated, Helvetians, the, burn their honses and 335; work of, oompleted, 874. abandon their territory, 58 B.C., bnt Henry V., Emperor of Germany, declines are thwarted in their project of settling battle with Lonis VI" 98. in Ganl by Julius ClBsar, and defeated --- V. of England, designs on the and driven hack by him, 11, 12_ Crown of Franoe, 177; lands with his Hennebon Castle, gallant defence of, hy army near Hat1l.eur on the 14th August, Joan of Flanders, 144. 1415, 178; and the battle of Agiucourt, Hennnyer, John Ie, 803. 178; resumes his campaign in France, Henrietta of England, 878. 179; death of, at Vincennos, 184. ---of France and Charles of Eng­ --- VI. of England, 185; crowned nt land, 858; 856. Paris, 1431, 191; marries Margaret of Henry I., grandson of Hngh Capet, 64, 65. Anjou, 193. -- II. of England and Philip II. of --- VIII. of England and the League France, 100. of the Holy Union, 1511, 234; sends a --II. of France, 1547-1559, 276; and fleet to aid Ferdinand of Spain, 234; the revolt &ga.inst the Gabel or salt-tax, and the affair of the Spurs, 1513, 236; ( 277; and the u-eaty, prepares for war with makes peace with Louis XII.. 236; andl Charles V. of Germany, 279; and Mary European affairs in 1519, 247; meets of England, war deelared between, 281; Francis I; at The Field of the Cloth of '. and the Spanish invasion of France, Gold, 248; agrees to aid Charles II. of 281; and the treaty of Cateau-Cam­ Bourbon against Francis I., 250; and bresis, 281; and the Reformation, 282 ; the Holy League, 259; and Charles V. and Francis d' Andelot, 283; acciden­ of Germany, treaty between, 1543,262 j tally mortally wounded by the Count invades France, 263; and the Refor­ de Montgomery, death of, 286; and mation, 270. the Lutherans, 287. --- Plantagenet, Duke of Normandy, --- III. of France and the Religious Count of Anjou, marries Eleanor of Wars, 1574.-1589, 80'7; disappointment Aquitaine, and on the death of Stephen, caused by his first acts as king, 80'7; in 1154, he beoomes King of England, 84. and the League, 808; difficnlties of his Hera.clea Cacabaria lSaint-Gilles), found­ government, 809; and Henry of Na­ ing of, 2. varre, 810; an.! Duke Henry de Guise, Heretics first burnt in France, 106. 310; escapes from Paris and the Duke Hermengarde, wife of Louis the Debon· de Gnise, 811; at the Btates-Genl!'1'al of nair, death of, 55. Blois, 312; and the murder of Guise, Hildebrand, the celebrated Monk, after- 812; and Henry of Navarre, 814; stabbed wards Pope Gregory, 85. by a Monk, 814; besieges Paris, 1589, Hochkirch, the battle of, 500. death of, 1589, 315. Rochstett, the battle of, 1704, 389. --IV. of England and the war with Holland, liberty and prosperity of, se- Frallce, 178. cured by Heinsius, at tbe expense of --- IV. of France, 814; policy of, 816; her political position in Europe, 392; Protestant king, 1589-1598, 323; and joins England against Louis XV., 472. the Cardinal de Bourbon, 817; defeats Holy City, the, 73. . the Duke of Mayenne at Arques, 318 ; -- League, 259. foreign opinion of, 318; at tbe battle -- Sepulchre, 74. of Ivry, 819; besieges Paris, 320; and Honorius Ill., Pope, 10'7. the Dllke of Parma, 321; and the siege Hospital, Chancellor de I', 290, 291, 298, of Rouen, 828 ; decides to turn Catholic, 303, 323; besieges Dreux, 324; turns Catbolic, HOtel des Invalides and Loul'oia, 404- 325; Catholic king, 1593-1610, 326; Houdon, sculptor, 533. Index. S99 'Howe, Lord, revictuals Gi'oraltar during Italy, the wars of, and Charles VIII., 222 ; the three years' siege, 548. the wars in, and Lonis XII" 226, 227. -Huguenots, the, 270, 271; Montluo's per­ Ivry, the battle of, 1590, 319. secution of, 294; and the Fall of La Rochelle, 353; ILlld Richelieu, 354; and J. Lonis XIV., 384; loyalty of, 411. H umlLll sacrifices, 23; Jacobite tising, the Scottish, of 1745, 476. Hume, History of EngZam.d, quoted, 115; Jacquery, the, 155. and Rousseau, 325. JacqUes, Bonhommtl, ,origin of the term, Hundred Years' War, the, 141; Charles 155. . V., ILlld the, 162; Charles VII., Joan of -- Coour. See O(1JU'I'. Arc, 1422-1461, and the, 186; Joan of James I. of England and the marriage of Aro's, the glory of bringing to an end his son Prince Charles, 353, 356. the, 196- --- II.. of England abdicates, and is Hunga.ria.ns,the, or Magyars, invade splendidly received by Louis XIV. in France, 27. France, 385; his expedition to take Huns, the, 28; arrival of, in Gaul, nnder IreIlLlld, and the battle of the Boyne, their King Attila, A.D. 451, 28; driven 385. out of Gaul, 29. ' Janseuism, in France, 414; Louis XIV.'s HUB~, John, 270. last blow at, 415; Jam.senism and Mme. Hyder Ali and the struggle against the de Maintenon, 416; in Paris in 1735, English in India., 484, 647. 468. Jansenists, the, set at liberty, 449. Janseuius ILlld his teaching, 414. I. JI1I1'Win des Plante8, LB, and Richelieu,366 ; and Buffon, 523. Ibarra, Don Diego d', 327. Jamac, the battle of, 1569, 298. Iberians, the, I, 2. Jeannin, President, 303. Ibn~al-Arabi, Saracen chief, 44. Jerome of Prague, 270. TIe de France, colony of, 482. Jerusalem, the oradle,ofChristianity, 73; TIlyria, settlement of the Gauls in, B.C. besieged by the Mussulmans, 74; siege 587,4. . ILlld oapture of, by the Crusaders, 77; India Company, the French, 478. nnder Christian rule, 1100-1186, 79; --- Companies, the,' rivalry between the fall of the Christian kingdom of, the French and English, 479-487. causes gre&.t oonsternation throughout ---, the French in, 479. Christendom, 84. --- lost to France, 504. Jesuits, the, 328, 490; the Portuguese, Ingeburga, Princess, of Denmark, wife of under Louis XV., 50S, 506; the Order . ,Philip Augustus, 108. . of, dissolved by Rome, 506; the Society Innocent IL, Pope, ILlld Louis VII., SO. of the, suppressed in France by the ---IlL, Pope, summons France to Edict of 1764, 506; expelled from Spain, extirpate the Albigensians, 105; and 506. Simon de Montfort, 106 ; death of, 107 ; Joan, wife of Louis XIL, 217. and the conjugal irregularity of Philip -_. of Penthievre, the cripple, wife of Angustus. 108. ' Charles of Blois, energy of, 143, 144. ___ XI., Pope, and the Angsburg -- Ho.chette, 206. League against Louis XIV., 384. -- of Arc, 186-191. --- XIII., Pope, makes Dubois a Joans, history of the war of the Three, Cardinal, 460. 143-145. . IrenlllUB, St., second Bishop of Lyons, A.D. John LackllLlld, King of England, and 177 to 202,75. Philip JI. of Fra.nce, .102; murders his Iron Mask, the, 437. nephew Arthur, 100. Iroquois, the, 491. -- 1. of Fra.nce, 133. Isabel, daughter of Philip IV., espoused --II., King of France, called thB Good, by Edward II. of England, 174. 150; and Charles of Navarre, 151; with --- of Bavaria, Qneen, 173, 175. his army, comes np with the Prince of IsIamism, the tide of, rolled back by the Wales and the English near Poiotiers; wars of the Crusades, 38. defeated and taken prisoner at the IsIe-de-France, personal dom$ of the battle of Poictiers, 152; his captivity King of France, 62. in England, 158; his ransom; set Italian League, the, and Charles VIII., at liberty and escorted to Franoe by 223 the Prince of Wales, 159; takes pos- 600 History 0/ France.

lession of the duohy of Burgundy, and La RocheCouoauld. the Duke of, 869, and bestows it on his son Philip, 161 ; volnn. Madame de La Fayette, 426. tarily returns to oaptivity in Engla.nd. La Roohelle, and the English, 168, reo and dies in London, 1364, 162. bellion in 1542, 277; Biege oC, in 1572, J oinville, Sire de, "One of the most 8M, 805; obstinate resistance of tho eprightly and oharming writers of the oitizens of, to Louis XIII., 858 ; capitu. nascent French language," 266, 267; lation of, to Louis XIII., 162S, 868. quoted, 91, 92, 114, 115, 118. La. Salle, one of the earlieat of the Ame· Jornandes, the Gothio historian. 28. . rican Pioneers, 490. Joyeuse, Anne, Duke of,828. Latin Paganism, 24. Judith, the Empress, 65. La. Tr6moille, 220, 224, 226, 22S, 235, J nlins II., Pope, 229; and the Venetians, 251. 230; his joy at the death of Cardinal Lautrea, Marshal de, 249, 251, death or, Amboise, 232 , the soldier pope, energy 260. of, 288; death of, 285. . Lauzun, 111:. de, 437. La. Valette, the Duke of, trial of, 347. K. La Vallibre. Mdlle. de, and Lonia XIV.; 436. Kan'kal, 488; restored to the Frenoh, 649. Lavoisier, 558. Karle, or Callet, William of, 155, 166. Law, John, the Scottish adventDl'er, Kanuitz, Count, 495. birth, oharacter and lohemel of, 460- Keith, Lord, and Voltaire, 619. 462. Keppel, Admiral, 5440. Lawfeldt, the battle or, 479. Kersaint, Admiral de, 546. League of the Holy Union, against Lonia Khevenhuller, General, 471. XII.,284. Kingship, the, in France, deoline of, 446 ; League, the, of the Sixteenth Century, decay of, 493, 505. 808; and Henry Ill., 810; and Henry Kolin, battle of, 497. IV., 817. Kymrians, the, 8. --, the Spanish, 821. Kymro-Belgians, 8, --, the Frenoh, 821, 822, 826. Leaguers, the, and the murder of Guise, 812; defeated by Henry IV. at ArqUBS, L. 81S. La Bourdonnais, 4.82. Leake, Admiral, captures Sardinia, Mi· La Bruyere, his acconnt of Richelien, 866; noroa, and Port Mohon, 3D1. estimate of Richelieu, 218; character Lebrun, Charles, 435. and works of, 427, 42S. Leoiero, John, first French martyr of the Ladies' Peaoe, the, 260. Reformation, 272. La. Fayette, Louia de, and Louis XIlI., Leckzinska, Mary, and Louie XV•• 609. 343. Leoocq, Robert, Bishop of Lacn, 15B. --,' Madame de, and Rochefou. Lefllvl'e, Jacq101es, of I!:tllples, 270. oauld,426. Lens. the victory of, 367, 869. ----lands in Amerioa, 1777,542; Leo III., Pope, 224, 296. at the capture of Yorktown, 394; and - X., Pope, and Louis XII. ot Franoe, Washington, 548. 285; and Franois I., 243; and the I.e. Fontaine, 431- battle of MeJegano, 244; and the Om. La.grange, 553. wrdat with Franoia I .• 245. La. Hire, 186. Le Poussin and Lonia XIV., 435. I:.a.lly·Tolendal, Count; sails with a Le Quesnoy, oaptured by ViUars and the French Beet to avenge tho French re­ Frenoh, 897. • verses in India, 486; BOOnaed of treason Lerida, oaptured 1707, 800. and beheaded, 487. . Leadiguieres, 8

Lille captured, 1707, by Eugene and Marl. "enol Bpid.w, 1461-14S3, 201; an.l borough, 391. the rebel barons, ZOll ; and the Connt of Lincoln, General, 645. Charolais, 203; makes peace with his Lionne, De, and Louis XIV., 375- barona, 203; and Charles the Rash of Lissa, the battle of, 4!l9. . Burgundy, 2040; held in the Cutle Literature, French, Geoffrey de Villehar- of Peronne by Charlel the Rash, 206; douin's history of the oonquest. of the aooompanies Charles the Rash to the Greek Empire by the Latin Christians, siege of Liege, 2OS; retUrDS to Paril one of the earliest and finest monuments, after passing the moat trying three of Frenoh literature, 267; of the R//'1W1M­ weeks oChislire, 206; and Edward IV• ...nee, 269; tempo Richelieu, 361.364; of England, lIUS; Commynes' BOCOunt in the reign of Louis XV., 245• of, 206, 216; and Edward IV., mootin!<, .u",.", Le, del JUt.."., d: Lti_ Boil«w, of, at Amiens, 207; and the do .. th of 117. his brothel' Charles, 208. and the Lombards, the, 42, 44- SwiBB Cautons. 209; and the news of Londou and William the Conqueror, 73. the death of Charles the Rash, InO; Londonderry, the 106 days' siege of, by and Mary of Burgundy, 210; f .. ilun! of the French and the Irish Catholios, the main polioy of, 211; and the Count 885. de Dempmartin. 213; his three great Lougueville, the Duke de, 369, 870•. servioes to France, 213; character of. Longjumean, the Peace of, 297. 21.; death of, 1483, 216; the C.. mily Lorrain, Claude, 434.. of,lII7. Lormine, 68, 882; the IIDJIlIllatiou. of. Locia XII., crowned at Rhsims, reign, his 468. home and foreign policy, 226; and the ---, Cardinal Louis of, 279. Italian. states, 226; &Dd the Duohy or ---, Charles de, Duke or Mayenna. :Milan; his army invades Milaness, Sea Mayenne. entera Milan, 227; and Ferdinand or ---, Prince Charles of, 474; and the Spain, 229; p''8parea tor the oouquest. battIe of Ranooux. 477; defeated at or N ..ples, 2::l6; ..nd the F ....noh reo Lissa by Frederick the Great, 499. verses in Italy, 221; doolares ..ar ---, Francia de, Duke or Guise, 279. against the Venetians, 230; at the 282.29'.3 •• battle of AguadeUo, 238; and the Lorris. the treaty of, 114.. victory of Ravenna, 23.; reopens the Lothairtl, Emperor or the Franks. .a..D. Italian. oampaill.'ll alld ooncludes a 817. £OS, 66. treaty with Venice at Blois, 23.; Louis the Debonnair, or, Louis the Pious. foreign policy and home goV8l'llDleut 1i6; divides his kingdom between his of, 236, 237; character of, private sons Lothaire, Pepin, and Louis, liS; lire of, 238; ..arries Prin08ll8 Mary, death of, ~D. 840, 66. sister or Henry VIll, 239; death of, -- the Germanio, 66. 240. __, PrinDe, son or Philip Augustus, his -- XIll.,youth or, 336; and the murder enterprise against England, 107. lOS. of D' Anore, 237; and Anna of Austria, __ the Stutterer, M. 337; and Richelieu, 338; and Luynea, -- the Ultramarine, 68, 61. 338; :Mary de' Medici, aivil ....r be­ -- III. and the Northmen, 63. tween, 343; and the death of Duke -- V., tbe Sluggard. 61. Luynes, 840; and Talleyrand, CODDt __ VI., the Fat, or, the Wid" .AlDGks, of Chalais, 8oU; severa ordinancea of, also called the Fa.t, energy and alli­ against duels, 341 I and the revolt. of aiency of, 97; his .numerous and suo· Duke Gaston of Orleans and the Duke· .cessful expeditions aga.inat his rebel of Montmoreuoy, haa Duke Henry of subjects, 98. . Montmoreuoy beheaded, 842, 843; and -- Vll., the Young, his unimportant Louise de La fayette aud Marie d' Haute· but 10n~ reign, 911. fort, 843; and his r.. vourite Cinq.Mars. _ VIII. of France, a man of downright 843; and the trial of La Valette, 847 ; medioority, 110. Cardinal Richelieu and the Provinoea, _ IX. or St. Louis. See Bt. Louis. 848 I Cardinal Richelieu, the Catholics, __ X., called the Quarreller, at his and the Protestants, 860. 3S6; his death leaving only .. daughter, the rigoreu. polioy against the Roohelleae, Salio Law is oalled into etleot for the 8S3/ the c.. pitulation DC La Rochella, first time, and the crown puses to Richelieu and Foreign Affairs, 8S5 I Philip the Long, 132, 133. and the Duke or Savoy, 866; declarel __ Xl., youth of. 200; called the Un\- war with Spain, 3D7 ; and the death or 602 History of France.

Cardinal Ricbelien, 358; illness and 438; his' affection for the Duchess of death of, 359; Riohelieu aud literature, Burgundy, 4.39; egotism of, 440; his 360-366_ will, 44.2, 44.3; death-bed of, 44.3; Louis XIV., and the policy of Ricbelieu, death of, September lst, 1715, 444; 367; tbe Fronde and the government and tbe Scottish adventurer Law, 451. of Cardinal' Mazarin, 1643-1661, 366; Louis XV., oharactar of his reign, 447; and the great Cond~, 370; marriage of, the regency and Cardinal Dubois, 1715. with the Infanta of Spain, 373; oom­ 1723, 448; and PetElr the Great, 455; mences to reign with a splendour and and tbe Regent Orleans, 452·461; de· puissance without precedent, 375; the moralization of bis oourt, 461; and council of, 375; his wars and his con­ the minisl.ry of Cardinal Fleury, 1723 quests, 1661-1697, 377; and Fouquet, -1748, 464.; antJ. ybe perseoution of 376; waiting to recommence war, 377 ; the Protestants, 462; his proposed and John Van Witt, 379; and Vauban marriage with the Infanta. broken olf, at LiIle, 377; places Conde in com­ ,465; and Floury as his prime minister, mand of the new army to reduoe the 464; and the Parliament of Paris, 468 ; 'Netherlands, 378; and the Peace of and the death of Fleury, 472; he de· Aix-la-ChapEllle, 1668, 378; determines clares war against England and Maria to make. war with the Netberlands, Theresa, 472; joins the army in person, 378; prepares to subdue tbe Nether­ 473; illness of, and the consternation lands, the successful commencement of of his subjects, 474.; Marshal Saxe, the war with Holland, 379; reduces and the battle of Fontenoy,· 475 ;re­ Frnnohe-Comte, 378; his account in turns in trinmph to Paris, 476; and the his Memoires of his eagerness to hegin treaty of Aix·la-Chapelle, 479 i France the oampaign of 1678, 380; conoludes in the Colonies, 174.5--1763,· 481·494.; the Peace of Nimeguen with Holland, at fifty yelld'S of age, and Madame de 382; is intoxicated with his suocesses, Pompadonr, 4·94; deolares war with 383; declares war against Holland and England, 1755, 495; and the Franoo· the Empire and captures the Palati­ Austrian allianoe, 1756,496 ; attempted nate, 385; effeots of his revooation of assassination of, 1767, 496; IIdld the the Ediot of Nantes, 384.; hi. magni­ outbreak of tbe Seven Years' War, ficent reception of James II., late King 497 ;. and the Fo.mily Pact with Spain, of England, 385; ~he grand alliance 508; the Parliament, and the Jesuits, against, 386; consents to recognize 605·508; Madame Dubarry; dismisses William III. as King of England, 386 ; Choiseul, 507; suspeoted of plivate his Wars and the partition of the King speoulation and of keeping np the price of Spain's dominions, 387; throws over of com, 609; and the annellation 01 the 'freaty of Partition and confirms the Corsica, 510; politioal annihilation of, will of Charles II. of Spalu, which left in Europe completed by the dismissal that kingdom to the Duke of Anjon, of Choisenl, 507; his fluotuations be­ 388; and the defeats of Villeroi by tween remorse and depravity, illness, Marlborongh, 389-391 ; proposes peace, death, and ohal'aoter of, 1774, 511; the 394.; his courage under reverses, 394. ; philosophers of bis time, 512; .and and the battle of Malplaquet, 393; Diderot, 521; and Bnffon, 523. family losses of, 394.; and Villars, 395 ; -- XV!., nnd Marie Antoinette, 532; disastrous effects of his ambition on and the ministry of M. Turgot, 633, France, 397; and Louvois' work, 4.04.; et seq.; reoalls M. de Maurepas, 633; and home administration, 4.00; and recalls the Parliament of Paris, 536; Colbert's administration of the finances, and the bread riots, 636; the coro· 4.01; reckless expenditure of, 4.03 ; tbe nation of, 537; dismisses Tnrgot, 539; three passions of, 402; and the death France abroad, United States War of of Louvois, 4.05; his affeotion for Ch&­ Independence, 1775--1783, 540; and millard, 4.06; mistakes of, 407; and the American War of Independenoe, religion, 4.08; revokes the Edict of 54.0; his aid to the Amerioana, 642; Nantes, 409; and the revolt of the France at Home - Ministry of M. Camisards, 413, and the Jansenist., Necker 1776 - 1781, 550; and M. 414.; and Fenelon, 416; answerable Necker's reforms, 551; M. de Calonns for the religions persecutions of his and the Assembly of Notables, 1781- reign, 418; and literature and art, 419· 1787 553· and the disgrace of Cnrdinal 435; and his Court, 436; Mdlle. de Rob~n, 655; and Captain. Cook's la Valliere, and Madame de Moutes­ voyage, 554; and tbe MQll"llLge d4 pan, 436; and the death of his queen, FiglJll'o, 554.; and the Assembly of the -Index.

'Notables, 555; and the Protestants, Maine's, the Duke of, position Be regent 554, 555; convocation of the States­ nsurped by the Duke of Orleans, 448 ; general, 1787-1789, 555; and the and the Orleans regency, 453. protest of the Frenob Parliaments, --, the Duchess of. her mortification 556; recalls M. Necker, 558; and the and rage at the deoree against her hus· Third Estate, 560; and the States. band, 453; her plot against the re­ general of, 1789, 561. - gency; arrested and removed to Dijon, Lonisbourg, surrendered to France, 479. 456. Louise of Savoie, 242, 260, 272; death of, Maintenon, Madame- de, and Lonis XIV., 1531,276. _ 438; and the persecntion of the Refor­ Louvois, Marquis de, admitted to Louis mers, 384; and Racine, 430; and the XIV.'1i council, 376; and 'furenne, 380; death of Lonis XIV., 443; death of, increasing power of, only resisted by 444. Colbert, and the suCcesses of Louis Maisonneuve, Panl de, 490. XIV., 332; barsh policy of, in the Pala­ Malagrida burnt as a heretio, 506. tiuate, 385; and influence with Louis Malebranche, 422. XIV" 386; by the death of the Colberts Malesherbes, L. de, ,called to the Ministry is left alone in his work, 404; death of, by Targot, 537; and Diderot, 522. 405; aud the conversio~ of the Refor­ Malherbe, 362; his account of the aSSBe­ mers,443. sination of Henry IV., 335. Lowllndabl, Count, 479. Malleteers, the. 172. Luc;on (Richelien, Bishop or). See Riche· Malouet. and. the convocation of the Lieu. States-General, 1789, 562, 564- Ludovic the Moor, Duke of Milan, and Malplaquet, the battle of, 1709, 393. Charles, 222. ., Man with the Iron Mask, the, 437. Lugdunensian Province, the, of Roman ,Mandubians, the, 15. Ganl,17. Mansard, 435. Lusignan; Hugh de, Count de la Marche, Manicheans, the, persecution of, 104. 113. , .Mauny, Walter de, 148. Lutetia, or Mud Town, the ancient name Mantes, the Conference of, 324. of Paris, 109. Maroel. Stephen, Provost of the trades­ Luther; Martin, 270. men of Paris, 154.157. Lutherans, the, and Henry II., 283. Marcha, Count de la, and the Count of Luxembourg, John of, captures Joan of Poitiers; defeated by St. Louis, 113. Are, 189. Marlius Aurelius, account of, 19. ---'--, Louis of. and Louis XI., 212. Margaret of Anjou, wife of Henry VI. of ----, Marshal, 379; placed by Louis England, received by Louis XI., 207. XIV. in commaud of the Freuch armies, Margnerite of Austria betrothed to the 385; defeats William III. of England, Dauphin Charles, son of Louis XI., 385; death and character-of, 386. 216; removed from Frauoe by the Luynes, Albert de. 338; and Riohelieu, Archduke Maximilian, 220; death of, 339; and Louis XIII. 339; the duke 1530,260. of, at the siege of Montauban, death of, ----- of Pr!)vence, wife of St. Louia 340. IX., 112. Lynar, Count, 498. de Valois and Francis I., Lyonness, conquered by the Bnrgnndians, beautifnl character of, 242; the writ· 28. ings of, 269; death of, 276. Lyona the ohief oentre of Il/I,rly Christi­ Maria Theresa, 470. anity'in Ganl, 24- Mwriage de Figa.ro, the, and its effeote, _459. M. Marie Antoinette, 532. See Antoinette. Marigny, Enguerrand de, obief adviser 6f Machanlt, M. de, 494, 497. Philip IV., 131; hanged on the gibbet Madras, captured by tM Frenob, 482; reo of Montfaucon, 132. stored to the English, 484. . Marillac. Francis de, 346. Madrid, Treaty of, between Francis I. Marlborough, the Duke of, and Blenheim, and Charles V., 257. 389; ohecked by Villars, 390; and the Maastricht invested, 1748, 479. battle of Ramiliel!, 389; defeats Ven­ Magna Charta, npheld by St. Louis, 115. dame at Audenarde, 391; and the Mabe,482• battle of Malplaquet, 393; dismissed Mliillart and Marcel, 157. by Queen Anne, 394- Maillebois, Marshal, 470. Marot, Clement, 268. History of France.

Marseilles, the fOunding and rise of, 2 ; Mediterran...... pirates 01 the, in 1532, horrors of the plap:ue of, and heroio de­ 2~. vution of the religions orders, 4.59. Melanothon, and Francia I., 2i3. llwsin, Marshal, at the hattie of BIen· Melegnano, the battle of, 244. heiDl,389. Mello, Don Fraociooo de, inTBdes France, Martel, Charles, 37-39. 367. Martin V .• Pope, and affairs in Fraoce, Mellohaudes, a leader 01 the Franks, 27. 179. Menageot, painter. 533. Martyrs, the, of Lyons, 25. Merania, Prinl"eSll Agnes of, and Philip Mary of Anjon, wife of Ch ....les VIT., 192. AugostoB, los.. --, Qooon, of England, an.d Philip XL of Meroveua, 29. Spain, 280. Meroviogian kings, the greedy. liceotious, - of Burgoody weds the' A:rohdol..-e and ernel. M. • lIarimilian, 220. )leamer, 653. -- Stnart. See Stuari. Messin .. gives herself np to France. 381. Masselin, John, charncter of, 218, 219. Meta. the sie,", of, in lW, 279 ; restored M.... sili.. (Marseilles). founding of, 3. . to France, 281. Massillon, 42i. Mioheli, John. his aooount of Catherine de M ..uprou, M. de, Chant'e\lor, aud the fuJl Medioi, 292, of the Parliament of Paris, 507. 608 ; Migoard. ~6. dismissal and death of. liM. Milan, the doohyof, aod Ch ....les nll.. M.. urepas. 1I. de, recalled by Louis XVI•• ,222; siege of, raised by Gaston de 632; and M. NE>Cker. 650. Foix,233. Maximilian, Archduke, weds Mary orBor­ ~filaness and Lonis Xll., 22(,.. gundy at Ghent,'220; of Aostria, 221; Mindeo, the hattie of. 1759, 601, 602. and Anne of Brittany, 221. :Mioorca CAptured by Admiral Leake. 391 ; ---I., Emperor, and Louis XII., 230; oaptored from the English, 1782, 647. joins the Holy ~o, 234.; and Henry Mirnbeau. birth and obaracter of, 660; VIII of Eogland in France, 236 ; death and the ReYOlution, 661; and M. of,2-18. Necker, 664.; and the title or the Mayenno, the Doke of, 808, 810; defeated States-general. 665. by Henry IV. at Arqoes. 318; at Paris, MWi dotMnw;, Ch.... lemngoe·s ohiefagenta 32ll, 823; joins Henry IV., 828. in hia government, 47. Maynier, John de. baron of OppCde, 273. Misaionariee, the first Christian, in Ganl, Mayo1'll, the, of the pal-. 86. . 23, 2-L .Muarin, J nli08, oonclodea a treaty of M iaaiaaippi, the scheme or Law. 4S1- peace and oommerce with Cromwell, Mol ..y, J:unes de, Grand Master of the Tf'm. 873. plara, arrested, areuaed. and burnt, 181. ---, Cardinal, 31>6; reroin..... tided to Mol&, President, 369. Louis XlIL by Riebelieo, 866; de­ Moliere. 4.31; eMly dram.. tio worn or, Dounced by the P ....liament of Paris. 432; his MiMnthrope, &0-. 432; BofU'o 869; def.... ted and ohliged to leave gllO" G_til1l<>m..... &0., 4.33. Fran08, 871 ; his state-stroke, 8711; be­ 1II0noontour. battle of, 1569, 298- oomes all-powerful, 8ill; ooncludes Mon~ M., 653. the Peace of the Pyreo_ with Spain, l\:on(J!()oa (Monaro). rounding or. S. 3i8; death of, !Ii" Mona captured by Louis XIV., 8"5. Medici, Peter de'. and Charles vm., Monseignenr, Grand Daophin, 8!1·'­ ~ Moo ....""'. Peaoe, 1576. 309. --, Queen Catherine de', 288; oha. 1I0naigny, mnsician. 533. l'8Oter of, 29ll; and the st. Bartholo­ Montaigno, M iob ....1 de, character and mew, 802, 803; and the death of 8S341/' of, 859, 860. Charles IX_, S06; .... d the ~o, 308 ; Montauban, si~ of, 1621. 340. and the duke de Guise, 811 i death of, Montoalm, the Manjuie of, death or, and 813. the 1088 of Quebec, 49ll.. -. Ferdinand de'. 833. Montecuculli, General, &Dd the death or -,Qoeen lIary de', marries Henry Turenne, 881. IV.. 333, au; Rel!Uney of, 1610-1617. Monterean. ai"f!'! of, by Ch.... les VII.' in 336; aod Riobelieu, her flight from person, 192- BIoi., 338; and Lonia XIll., civil W&l' MonteapaD, Madame de, and Lonia XIV., between, 839; fli¢>t of, 839. 4.36- -, the family 01 the, ...d Francia L, Montesqoien, his ktt-N. Pm,,.,,4&, 612; us. the worb of, 6U1, 613. Index. 60S

Montfort, John of, his war with Charles of Valois, 299; and Irenry III., 8l4o; he­ Blois, 143, 144.. oomes heir to the Frenoh throne, 815; . ---, Simon de•• See Si_ and the murder of Henry III., 316. Montgolfier, MM. de, and the first balloon, Navarre, Jeanne d'Albret, Queen of, 297. 654- Navy, the, and Riohelien, 341l ; the French, Montgomery, Count de, by accident mor­ under Louis XV., 492, 4Il5, 510. tally wounds King Henry II., 284. NeOker, M., Director-General of Finance Montlherj, engagement at, between Louis under Lonis XVI., 658; financial ad­ XI. and the rebel barons, 303. ministration. of, 551; resi!fIls, 551; re­ Montluc, Blaise de, cruelties of, 294- called by Louis XVI., 658; in the Montmorency, Marshal de, death of, 342, States-General of 1789, 563. 343. Nerac, the Peace of, in 1579, 309. ---, the Constable Anne de, 277,278, Nero, hatred of, by the Gauls, 18. 279; wounded and captured at St. Neustria, kingdom of,33, 35. Quentin, 2M; taken prisoner at the Nevers, Duke de, 357. battle of Dreux, 294- Newfoundland, ceded to England by ---, Henry, Duke of, wounded at France at the Peace of Utrecht, 1712, Castelnaudary, executed, 342, 343. 491. Montpensier, the Duchess of,327. New France, and Cardinal Richelien, 489. -, Mdlle. de, called the Great Newton, 51G. Mad.emo1sel1.e, and the Fronde, 371, 372. Nicma (Nice), founding of, 2. Montreal, capitulation of, 1760, 493. Nicholas V., Pope, and Jacques Calor, 97. Monts, M. de, appointed viceroy of Acadia, Nicole, M., quoted, 197. 489. Nicopolis, hattie of, between the Chris­ Montsabert, M. de, arrest of, 557. tians and the Turks, in which the former . Moors, tbe, 38, 39. are destroyed, 176. . Momt, defeat of Charles the Rash at, by Nimeguen, the Peace of, between Louis the Swiss, 209. XIV. and Holland, 382. Mornay, Du-Plessis, and the Protestants, Noa.illes, Cardinal de, and the Orleans 332. Regency,449. • Motte, Admiral de la, 646. ---, :lIIarshal, aud the campaign of Mounier, M. 558; and the Third Estate, 1'134,406; at Dettingen, 4'13. 565. ---, the Duke of, made head of the Mount of Olives, the, 74- Council of Finance during the Orleans Miilhausen, fight of, 380. Regency, 449; and J,aw's schemes, 450. Muretus, 268. Nogaret, William de, 129. Mussulman Arabs, the, pass over into Norman, the, ConqnestofEngland, 69,70. Europe, establish themselves in Spain, Normandy, the Estatlls of, offer to nnder- and invade FranCe, 37, 38. take, at their own expense, to re-con­ quer England, whioh had just declared N: war with Phillip VI. of France, 142; completely won back to Franoe by Najara, the hattie of, gained by the Eng­ Charles VII., 1450, 193; the revolt of, lish in Spain over Henry of Transta.· against the taxation of Louis XIII., mare and Guesclin, 166. 347; emigration of persecuted reformers Nancy, defeat and death of Charles the from, in the reign of Louis XIV., 412. Rash of Burgundy at, 210. ---, William of. See William.. Nalites, the Edict of, 329; revoked by Normans, the, and the discovery of Ame- Lonis XIV., 384; in 1685, 409, 410•. rica,488. . Naples and Louis XI!.,234. North, Lord, 544- Narbonness, conquered by the Visigoths, Northmen, tbe, their incursions into 28. • France, 52, 53. Nassau, the Count de, 220. Notables, assembly of the, 655. National Assembly, adopted as the style of Notre-Dame de Paris, cathedral of, com­ the States· General, 565. pleted in the reign of Philip Augustus, Navarre, Anthony de Bourbon, King of, 110. 293, 294; death of, 294. Noue, La. See La. N01Ul. ---, Charles the Bad of, 151; his Novara, battle of, 1513, in which the treason, 151; accepts the leadership of French are defeated, 236. Marcel's party, 156; submits to the Noyon, treaty of, between Francis I. and Dauphin, 158. the Arohduke Charles of Austria, 245. --, Henry of, and Marguerite do Nu-pieds, revolt.of the, 347. 606 History of France.

O. Paganism, fall of, 24., Olier, M., 490. Painters of the reign of Louis XIV., 434- Oliver de Clisson, 173. 436. -- and Roland, 45. Palace, the Schcol of the, 50. Omar captures Jerusalem, 740. Palatinate, the, devast.ated by the French Oppede, Baron d', 273. in 1689, 385. Orange, William, the Prince of,and Louis PaliHse, Chabannes, Lord of La, 254, 255. XIV., the campaign against the Nether­ Paoli, Pascal, the hero of Corsica, 510. lands, 379; and the murder of the Pare, Ambrose, 305. Witts, 380; opposition of, to the peace Paris, ancient name of, see Lutetia; party, ·383; and the battle of Mons, chosen as the seat of Government of 382; and the deputies of the estates, the Franks by Clovis, 82; death of and Mary, mamage of, and its con­ Clovis at, 32; pillaged by' the North­ sequences to France, 381. men. ,53; improvements of Philip Orders, the three, composing the States­ Augustus in, 109; threatened by Ed­ General, 129. ward IIr., 146; besieged by the Eng­ Orleans, siege of, by Attila and the Huns, lish, 1360, 160; the nniversity of, and 28; the Maid of (see JOIJ!n of.A"c); be­ Charles V., 170; given up to Riche­ sieged by the English under the Duke mont and the National Party in France, of Bedford, 1428. 187; the siege of, and evacuated by the ElIglish, 190; the raised through the Maid of Orleans, Parliament of, and Duprat's sale of 188; tribute of, to the memory of Jean public appointments, 246; the Parlia­ of Arc, 191; the siege of. in 1563, 29.J.. ment of, and the Ooncordat between ---, Louis, Duke of, 175; death of, Francis I. and Leo X., 2·1·7, revolt of 176. the populace of, 1588, under Duke Henry ---, the Duke Charles of, and Henry V. de Guise, 311; siege of, by Henry III., . at the battle of Agincourt, 179. 1589, 314; the Parliament of, and the -- Duke Gaston of, and Ricbelieu, Bourbon Pretender, 317; besieged by 342, 343; and Mazarin, 366; submis­ Henry IV., 320; the Parliament of, sion, retirement, and death of, 372. and the Edict of Nantes, 329; and --, the regency of the Duke of, is Louis XIII., 842; and Mazarin, 369; confirmed by the Parliament, ~8; re­ and the Fronde, 368, 369; the Parlia­ gency, the, and the reduction of taxa.­ ment.of, and its struggles with Flenry. tion, 450; and the policy of Alberoni, 408; and Louis XV., 497, 507; the 457; declares war with SpBin, 1719, Peace of, 1762, 505; the Parliament of, 458; and the Dubois treaties with Eng­ and the Jesuits, 606. laud and Holland, 1717, 457; and the Pil.ris-Duverney, ~2. - plague, 459. Parker, Admiral Hyde, 546. ---, the Regent, and the' Scotch ad. Parliament, the, of Paris (see also Pans). venturer Law, 450; outstrips Law in banished by Louis XV., 607; recalled his wild financial schemes, 452 ; and the by Lonis XVI., 534; arrest of members exclusion of the legitimatized princes' of the, 1788, 656, 557. right of succession to the throne, 458; Parliaments, the, of France and Cardinal and the Duclless of Maine's plot, 453; Richelieu, 329; protests of the, 666. and Dubois, 454; and Duhois as Arch­ Parma annexed by Francis I., 245. bishop cf Cambria, 458; and Belzunce, ---, Duke Alexander of, invade. 459; death and oharacter. of, 461. France, 8:lO. 821. ---, the Duke of, and Louis XVI., --, the battle at, 467. 536; and the States-General 0' 1789, Pascal, Blaise, 419. 420. 563. Pasquier, Stephen, 266- Ornano, Alpbonso Corso d', 34L Patay, the battle of, in whioh the French, Orrilliers, Count d', 544. with Joan of Aro defeat the English, Ossat. Arnauld d', 333. 188. . Otho IV., Emperor of Germany, Ilnd John Patel1n, tho Fa.-ce oJ. 267. Lackland plan a grand attack npon Paul, St. Vincent de, 350. Philip II. of Franoe, 100; bis proposed Paria, besieged by Charlemagne, 44 I tbe dismemberment of France, 101, 102. battle of, between Francia I. of France and the Imperial troop. under Bourbon P. and Peacara, 255. Peoquigny, the Peace of, between Loui. Paderbom, Saxons baptized at, by Charle­ Xl. and Edward IV., 207. magne, 43. People's Battle, the, of Bonvines, 101. Index. Pepin of Landen, called Tile Anc;ent, 87. I Amiens, 148; death of, 1850, 149; and --- of Herista!, glorious acts of, his . Jamas Van Artevelde, 142. death,87. Philip II., of Spain, 240; captures St. ---. the Short, 40; proclaimed King of Quentin, 281; and the peace ofCatean­ the Franks at Soissous, A.D. 752, 41; Cambresis, 281; and the Dnke of his ezpedi tions, 41, 42. Parma, 320; and Henry III., 809; and PereUe, Abbe, 460. Henry IV., war between, formally de­ Peronne, Treaty of, 205. clared, 828; character of, death of, Perrault, 435. . September, 1598, 830. Pescara., the Marquis of, 252,253, 256. -- IV., of Spain, and the Peace of Peschiera, capture of. by Lonis XII., 231. the Pyrenees, 874- 'Peter de 180 Brosse and Phillip 111.,121. --- V. of Spain, l'enounces all claim -- the Great and Madame de' Main- to the throne of France, 888; refuoea tenon, 444; visits France, 455, 456. to abdicate, 892; and his claims to the -, tbe Hermit, 74, 75, 76. Frence throne, 458; death of, 478. -- the Venerable, Abbot ofCluni,10i. Philippa, Qneen, intercedes for the six --Ill., Czar, and Frederick the Great, Bnrghere of Calais with Edward III., 504. 146. Petigliano, Count, at the battle of Agna­ Philosophers, the, of the reign of Lonis delio, 231. XV., 512-531. Philip 1., 64, 65. Philosophy in France in the Middle ages, --- II., or Philip Augustns of France, 103, 264, 265- 99; joins in a new t.'rusade, 85; and Phooean oolony established in Ganl, 40. Richard Coour de Lion at Messina., 86; Phoonioiana, the, 2 .. leaves the Holy Land, 87; his relations Piacenza annexed by Francis I., 245. with Henry II. of England, Richard Piccini, 583. Coour de Lion, and John Lackland, 100 r Piedmont,. and Charles VIII. of France, in order to avert a joint attack from 222. John Lackland, King of England, and Pillar-honse, the, of Marcel, 155. Otho IV. of Germany, threatens to in­ Pisa., the Counoil of, 1511, 230. vade England, 100; at the battle of Pitt, William, returns to office, 500; Bouvines, 101; and Agnes of Merania, haughty prejudice of, against France, 108; administrative acts of, 109; re­ 508. oeives a preseut of fawns, hinds, does, Pius Antoninus, 19. and buoks from the King of England to Plague of Florence, the, or the Black stock his wood of Vincennes, 109; Plegne, 149; ravages of the, in 1363, death of, 110. 162. ---III. of France, surnamed the Bold, ---, the, in Franes in 1719, 459. his disastrous termination of his father's Plelo, Count, killed at Dantzio, 465, 466. crusade, 120; government, character, Plessis·les-Tours, residence of Lonis XI., acts, and death of, 121. 215. --- IV., called the Handsome, cha.­ Plessis Mornay, Philip du, 89. See.D.. racter of, 122; defeats Guy de Dam­ P1.essis-MO'I"7IaII}. pierre, Count of Flanders, 123, 124; Poets, the, of Franoe in the Middle Ages, Flanders submits to, 124; defeated by 267,268. the Flemings at Conrtrai, prepares to Poictiers, the battle of, September 19th, renew the war, 124; defeats the . 152; see also Poitill'l"s. FleuiliJgs at Mons-en-PueUe, and lays Poisson, Mdlle. See Pompa,dowr. siege to Lille, 125, 126; and Pope Boni­ Poitiers (see also PoicUll'I"s), battle near, face VIII., 126, 127, 128,129; death and between the Goths under Alaric II. character of, 131; the three sona of, and the Franks nuder Clovis, A.D. 507, 132. 81; great battle at, between the united --- V., ca.Ued the Long, 132, 133. Franks nuder Charles Martel and the ---VI., or Philip of Valois, 140; and Arabs under Abdel-Rhaman, in which . Robert of Arteis, 141; his preparations the latter are defeated, A.D. 732, 88. for war with Ellgland, 142; aids Count Poiton, 100. . Louis de Nevers against the Flemings, Poland, the orown or, offered to the Dnke 142; and Edward III., renewal of the of Anjou, 806; events preceding the war between, 143, 144; and the French Partition of, 465; the Partition of, by before the battIe of Crecy, 146; flight the Treaty of Wa.rsa.w, 1772, 510, 511. from Crecy fight, 147; fears to raise Policists, the, 298. the Biege of Ca.la.iB, and returns to Polignac, Madame de, 552. 608 History. of France.

Pol trot, John, 294, 295. Rabutin-Chantal, Marie de, Marchioness Polycarp, St., 25. . of sevigne. See Sdt-igntl_ Pompadour, Madame de, 494; death and Racine, 429, 430. eha1'8Cter of, 507. Ragnacaire, King of the Franks of Cam­ Pompignan, Lefrane de, 558. brai,32. Pondicherry and Governor Dopleix, 483, Rambouillet, Hatel, meetings of the Lite­ 484; captnred by the English, 1778, . rati of the reign of Henry IV. at, 547; restored to the French, 547. 362. Ponts de COO, engagement of, 339. Ramilies, the battle of, 1706, 389. Poquelin, John Baptist. See Moli~,.e. Ramos, Peter la Ramee, 268. Poree, Gilbert de Is, 265. Ratisbonne, the Diet of, 1687, 384. Port-Royal dee Champs, 351, 352, 414.- Raocoux, battle of, 477. 416. Ravaillac assassinates Henry IV., 235. PothinU9, St., first Bishop of Lyons, 25. R.... venna. the battle of, 1512, 234- Pragmatic S(1ll/,ctilm, the, 116; of Charles Raymond VI., of Touloose 105-107. VII.; 199; and Francis I. and Leo X., ---- VII., of Toulouse, 107. 246; its three principal objects, 247. Reformation. the. and Francis r., 270; ---, relating to Maria Theresa, gna.- state of the. in France in 1561, 291 ; in ranteed by France, 469, 470; recognized the latter half of the 16th century, by France, 479. • 304. Prague, the siege of, given up by Chevert, Reformers, the French, and Mary de' 471. Medici, 337; rising of the, against P"aguery, the, 200. Louis XUI., 353. Preston-Pans, the battIe of, 476. Religion in France in the 1Iliddle A~s, Prie, the Mal'chioness of, 462-464. 102, 103; in the rei((11 of Louis XV., Probus, Roman emptlror, 20. 461. Prose writers, the, of France in the Middle ReligioU9 Wars in France, outbreak of the, Ages, 266. 275. Protestants, the, after the massacre of St. --- War, outbrealr of the Fourth, Bartholomew, 304; and Henry IV., 1572, 306; ootbreak of the Fifth in 323; and tbe issne of the Edict of France, 310. Nantes, 329; persecutions of, under RensiBBance, the age of the, 264- Louis XlV., 4OS--413; under the Or­ Rena.ri;, the Romances of, 267. leaDS Regency, 449; and the terrible Renaudie, Lord de la, death of, 289. edict of 1724, 463; and Louis XVI., Rene, II., King or Lorraine, and LouiB 527. XI~ 210. Protestantism in Louis XlV.'s reigo, 408- Retz, Cardinal de, 369, 370. 413. Reveillon riot, the, 561. Provence, ravaged by the Black Plague, Revolution, the, the eve of, 562. 149; the Parliament of, 560. Ribaot, John, heroic death of, 488. Prnssia and Fran('e, and the Partition of Richard COlur de Lion, in the Holy Land, Poland, 1772, 510, 511. 79,85,86. Pnget,435. . Ri.. helieu, Armand John do P1eBsi. de, Pyrenees, Peace of the, 1659, puts an end Bishop of Lu~on (afterwarda Cardinal), to the twenty-three years' war between birth and early life of, 338; effects a France and Spain. 374. treaty between Mary de' Medici and Pytheas, the explorer, 2. Louis XIII., 839; and Loynes, 339; his cha1'8Cter of LnynoB, 340; and the Q. great lords, 841; and the ordinance Quebec, Champlain made first govemor agaiust doela, 841: design. of Mary de' of, 489; gallant defence of, by the Medici againat, 342; and the revolt of French Canadians against Wolfe; capi­ MontmOl"l'lncy, 343; and Cinq-Mars, tulation of, 1759, 493. 343; i1lneBs of, and conspiracy of Cinq­ Quesnel, Father, 416. Mara againat, 344, 345; and the Par· Quiet ....., 416; and Madame de Mainte­ liament, 846; and the French navy, non, 417. 3{9; and St. ·Cyran, 351; and tho Qoincampoix, the street of the specula,. Chnrch and State, 852; and the revolt tors, during John Law's reign, 452. of La Rochelle, 353; and the expedition against Bockingham in the island of RM, 351; and the capitulation ofLsRochelle, B. 11128, 353; and the Duke of Rohan, Rabelais, Fran~ois, 269_ 853; and the capitnlation of 1\lontau· Index.

ban, 855; foreign policy of, 855; and Ronsard, 861. Gustavus Adolphus, 857; seveuty.four Rosbach, the battle of, 499. treaties oonoluded by, 855; and the mBr' Roscelin, 265. riage of the Prince of Wales with Hen. Rosebecque, battle ot; 172. rietta of France, 856; and the Frenoh Rosoy, Marquis of. See Bully. settlements in Canada, 489; death of, Rouault, Marshal Joachim, 205. 858; and Louis XlII. and literature, Ronen, captured by the English, renap­ 359-366; La Bruyere's estimate or, 866 ; tared from the English by Dunois, his monument, and Peter the Great, 456 •. 1449, 128; siege of, by Henry IV., 828. Richelieu, the Duke of, 477. Rousseau, birth, character, and works of, ---, Marshal, defeats Admiral Byng 527·529. and captures Minoroa, 495. Rouvre, Philip de, Duke of Burgundy, 161. Richemont, the Constable de, 193. Rovera, Julian della. See Pope Julius II. Ricimer, a Suevian leader, 27. Roze, Chevalier, and the plegue in Mar- Rigaud, 435. seilles, 459. Rignomer, King of the Franks of La Rnssia and the Partition of Poland, U'l2, Mans, 32. 510. Ripuarian Franks, the, 82. Ruyter, Admiral, 881. Robais, Van, 401. Ryswiok. the Peaoe of, 1697, 886, 887. Robert of Artois and Philip VI., 141, 142. ---, Count of Paris, and the Emperor Alexis, B. ---, the Strong, 61. ---, son of Hugh Capet, 68. Saint Andre, Marshal de, killed at the Robertet, Florimond, Finance Minister of battle of Dremr. 294. Louis XII.; and Franois I., 243. Saint Bartholomew, The, and the Re­ Roohambeau, Count de, and the capture ot formers, inoidents of the Massacre of, Yorktown, 646. 800-303. Rochefoucauld, see LI10 &chefoucauld. Saint Bernard. Sea B8I'RGI'd. Rodney,Admiral,~ Saint Cyran, M. de, oharacter and work Rohan, Duke Henry of, 853; death or, of, 851, 852. 354.. Saint Germain-en-Laye, the Peace of, 298. -.the Duohess or, and the siege of La Saint Germain, the Duke of, called to the Rochelle, 353. Mioistry by Louis XVL, his oharaoter, --, Cardinal, arrested and disgraced, 538. 556. Saint lretllIIus, 25, 26. Rol4nd, th.6 BIYfIg oJ, 45, 267. Saint Johu, afterwards Lord Bolingbroke, ___, death of 44- 516. ---, the Camisard, 413. Saiut Louis, or Louis Ix., powerful king, Rolf (or Rollo), the Northman, invades valiant warrior, splendid knight, and France, 54. true Christian 88; his Christian eu_ Roman Armies, the, and the Barbarians, thusiasm due to his mother; aids the last grand struggle between, 28. Crusaders; his illness, 89; leaves for the ---, Empire, the decay of, 20 ; division Holy Land, 89; winters with his crusade of, 'i.l; final dissolution of, 21. in Cyprus, 90; lands in Egypt, repulsed ---oustoms and manners forced on by the Saracens, his popularity with the Gauls, 17. his army, captured by the Saracens, 90, ---Municipal regimen, the, 18. 91; arrives with the remnaut of his --- States, the, settled on the Popes army at St. Jean d' Acre, 22; hears the by Pepin the Short, 42. news of his mother's death, leaves St. --- Victories over the Gauls, B.C. 200 Jean d'Aore and enters Paris again to 170, 9 et seq. Sept. 7, 1254, 98; starts on his second .Rom

EII914nd, 111i; MB interest in the pri· S.t_ Y tJM's' W M. outbroak of tbo, 4.97; vate alfuira of his anbjoots, 116; acts or end of the, 605. legislation and administration oC hi. Sevigntl, Madnme de, letters and opinions reign, 116; and litE'l'&ture, 119; lOis· of, 424, 425. taken lea.! of, and religions liberty. 119, Sequanians. the, 11, 12. 120. Sfo ...a, Llldovio, duke of Milan, 229. Saint Omer kept by France, 889. ---, Muimilian, 243. Saint-Quentin. captured by Philip II. oC Sioambrians, the, a tribe of the Frr.nks, Spain, 281. 27. Saint Pierre, Eustooe de, 148. Sieili4ft Vesptrs, the massaore known by ---. Abbe, 61~ the name of the, 121. ---'s, Bernardin de, PCI"l ClM V.... Sill yes, Abbl!, &nd the ThiN EstGu, 660, g." .... 66~ 665. Saint Pol. de.th or, ill. Sigobert, king of ths Ripllarian Franks. Saint Pothinus, 26. 8:3. Swadin, Swtan, puts 0 end to the Chris­ ---I. or Meta, 33. tian rwe in Jorusalem, 117. Simon, Count of Montfort I' Amaory, or Sales, St. Franois de, and the I.Crodvetio" Simon de Montfort, &nd the Albi. to CI D.n1"ut Life, S60. gonsian War, lOG. Balian Franks, tho, 28, 29. S..,tee ... the Committee of. Us, 821. Swio L.w, the, IS3. Siavona, the, 43. Saraoens, tho. and Charlemagne. thoir Sloggard Kinl{!!. the. 86. invasion of Southern G.ul, "' Sloys. See Ed...... Sardinie,oaptured by Admiml Leake, 891. Soliman II., Sultan, 269. Saunders. English governor oC lLadru, and S~1I9 oJ RSorbonne, the, and the Reformation,271; ---. Lonise or. See Louise oJ SClUOY. and Henry III., sal and Bullbn, 629. ---, the Duke of, and Louis XIII., 867. Sorol. ~n"lI, .. Queen of Boouty," and Sare, Marshal, oharaoter of. '76; at the Charles VII., llll!. battle of Fontenoy, 475. Sonbise, the Duke of, OI\ptoroa tile Frenob Suons, the, defeated by Oh.rlem~ne, 43. fleet, 853. Suony, AUgustllB II. or, i. sooured the ---, Prinoe of. defOOted by Frederick Drown or Poland by Ruw. and Allsm.., tile Grant at Rosbaoh' '19. 466. SouHlot, 633. -, oonqullr8d by Frederick the Spain and Frr.nco, treaty between, or Great, 499. 1761, 603. 8caliger, 1. C., 268. Spinola. oelt'brated Spanisb General, 367. 8carron, Mad.me. See N .. cfa_.Ie M.. i,,,, SptW<, trw a,/o.ir oJ. 1513, l!86. Cel\Oft. Stahl'8nberg. Count von. 893. Schomberg, Count Gaspal'd de, 320. Stainville, COllnt. See CAn.., ..,I. ---, Marsha.!, and the siege or Lon­ SWarde, battle of, 16\lO, 81'5- donderry, S85. S tan hope, Lord, and the fall' or AI beronl, School of the Pa.!ace, funned by Chvl.,. ~7. magne, 60. Stnnialana, King. 4115, and t,he nationr.J Scottish CameronianB, the, oompared to party in Poland defeated. 4(l8. the Camiaards, 41S. Stntea.GenomJ (aee &leo E't4tN-O...... I), Scudery &nd the COd, 365. the first ill French bisrory, 129; oon· Soignelay, M. de, charaotR or, 406. wked by lohn I I., 160; assembled. SembhUl9ny, Baron de, 260. 1S68, 169; oonvokad nt Tours, Jan. SonelTe, the battle or, 167-\ 880. 6, 14S4., 218; ounvoked .t Tour. by Sonpgnl aeU.lemente, the, oeded to France, Loois XII., 1506. 230, nlooting or the, 619. at Paris, 1627, 258; of 15tlO, :tOO; oon· Senlao, the English positioll at the 0010' voked in 1576, 809; mooting of the, at menoomellt70. or the battle of Hast:n- Blois, 11>""8, Sl1; of the LeAgUe, 819. _D. S:!ll; &nd Louis XIII., 838; or 17119, Sepoya, the 488. 61'19. Septirnania, 8 .. Soophanu ... Robert Bstienne, 26..'\ Serfa, ent'ranohiaement or the, by Lonie Stephen II., Pope, visits Franoo to obtain the QnlUTOller, 183. the aid of Pepin the Short apialt the ServandOlli, 63:i. Lombard.. 41. Index. 611

Strasburg captured by Louis XIV., 383, Third Estate, the, and the Communes, dif· 387. ferences between, 131; and Frenoh Stnart, Mary, and Francia IL, maniaga civilization, 136, 137; and Louis XVI., of, 280. 560. ---, Charles Edward, lands in ths Thirty Years' War, end of the, 368. Highlands of Scotland, "1745," short Thou, Nioholas de, arrested, condemned acoount of his career, 476, 477. to death, and executed, 344, 345. Suevians, 10. Tiberias, terrible battle at, bet_en Sala- Sufften, Peter Andrew de, and French din and the Crusaders, 840 successes in the East Indies, 647, 549. Tiberins, the policy of, in Gaol, 18. Soger, Abbot of St. Denis, the Solomon Tippoo Sahib, 647. of his age, 83, 84. Tobago, ceded to France, 649. Solly, chardOter of, 331; and Mary de' Tolbiac, hattle of, between Clovis and the Medici, 336. Allemauians, 29. Surnt, 482. T08tig, rebellion of, 70. Swiss Cantons, army of the, defeats Tours, truoe conolnded at, between the Charles the Rash at Granson, 209. English and Frenoh, lUi., 193. Swiss, the, defeat Charles the Rash at Tourville, defeats the English and Dutch Morat, 209; invade France and lay fleets off Beachy Head, 385. siege to Dijon, 1513, 235; defeated at . Trajan, 19. Melegnano by the Frenoh under Fran. Transalpine Gaol, the first Roman settle­ cis I., 2440. ment in, B.C. 123, 8. Syagrins, Roman general, 27. Transtamare, Prince Henry or, and Gnes· olin, 165. T. Tremoille, Louis de Ia, and Anne de Beau­ jeu, 220; in Italy with Charles VIII., Tabola Peutingeri, or Chart of the Roman 224; sent to oommand tbe troops of Empire,27. Lonis XII. in Italy, 228; at the battle Taillebourg, battle of, 113. of Agnadello. 231; and the revolt of Talbot, Lord, retakes Bordeaux, 1452, Charles II. of Bourbon, 251. 194; death of, at the siege of Castillon, -, George de Ia, fuvourite of 195. Charles VII., 187. Tallard, Count de, 388 ; defeated at BIen· Trianon, the Manor-House of, residence of heim, 389. Marie Antoinette, 551. Talleynmd, Henry de, 3U. Triple Alliance, the, signed at the Hague, Tavannes, Marshal de, and the Massacre 377. of St. Bartholomew, 303. Trivnlzio, .Tohn .Tames, at the battle of Taxation in France, temp. Lonis XIV., Fornovo, 224; and Louis XII., 227; at 400; reforms of the Orleans Regency, the battle of Agnadellc, 231. 450. Troyes, treaty of, between the English and Teotosagians, the, 6. the Burgnndians, 182. Teligny, 303. 'lTUCfl oj Goel, tlw, 64. Tellier, Le, and Lonis XIV., 410. Tuileries, the, and Louis XIV., 403. Templars, perseontions of the, by Philip Turokheim, fight of, 380. IV. and the Pope, 130, 131. Turenne, Viscount de, 369, 380, 381. Tends, Count de, 303. ---, M. de, and Louvois, 404. Terouanne, the Franks of, 32. Turgot, M., the Ministry of, and Lonis Terrail, Peter dn, the Chevalier Bayard. XV!., 532; acts of his Ministry, 535. See Bayard,. 536; dismissed by Louis XVI., 539 ; so­ Terray, Abbe, extravagant expedients or, lioitations of the American colonies fur to fill the Royal treasnry, 508; dis· aid against England, 541. missed by Louis XVI., 533. Turin, the siege of, 1706, 390. Theohald IV., Count of Champagne and Turnebius, 268. Blanche of Castille, 113. Turpin, Archbishop, 45. TModebert, King of Anstrasia. 34- Tnsoany, the Grand Duke of, proclaimed Theodoric, King of the Visigoths, killed, 28. Emperor as Franois I., 470. • ___ or Thierry 1. of Metz, 33. Theodolph, scholar, 50. Theresa, Maria (see also MMia), 469, 470, U. 475,495. IDtramontanes, the, and Cardina]' Riche­ Thierry 111., 37. lieu, 352. --IV., 40. Unigenitns, the bull, 416. • History 0/ France.

Union, tM, of the sixteenth century, Villehardouin, GeofFmy de, one of the 308. earliest and best of Frenoh writers, 267. United Provinces, the, and Riohelieu, 855. Villeneuve 10. Hardie, Edward III. of Eng. United States of America., and the war of land's temporary town round Calais, Independence, 640--543. 148. University of Paris and Philip Augustus, Vien, painter, 532. 110; and Charlemagne, 49; and the Vienna, the Peace of, 1735, and its ooJidi­ Oo1tcordat, 247. , ditions, 467. U'TIterwalden, tM cow of, 209. Vienne, John de, governor of Calais dur­ Urban II., Pope, and Peter the Hermit ing its siege by Edward IlL, 148. 74, 75. Villars, Andrew de Brancas, Lord of, 325, --- IV., Pope, receives the county of 326. Venaissin of Phillip III. of France, 122. --, Marshal, 888, 890 ; and the battle Uri, the bulZ'o!, 209. , of Malplaquet, 893; and the battle of U rains, tbe Princess des, 441. Denain, 395, 396; and the revolt of the U rsulines, 351. Camisards, 418. Utrecht, the Treaty of, between England, Villeroi, Nicholas de Nellfville, Lord of, the Allies, and France, 1712, 396,897. chara.cter of, 832. , ---, Marshal, 388, 389; defeated by V. Marlborough, 389. Villon, Francis, 269. Valenciennes, capture of, 881. Visconti, John GaIeas, Duke of Milan, 161. Valentine, Visconti, wife of the Duke of Visigoths, the, 18. Orleans, 176. Viterbo, the Treaty of, between Francis I. Valois, Joan of, 212. and Pope Leo X., 245. ---, Prince Henry of, Bon of Franois I., Vitry, 80. marries Catherine de' Medioi,1533, 260. --, Baron de, 887. ---, Marguerite de, 271. Vivonne, the Duke of, 381. Valteline, the war in the, and Riohelieu, Voltaire, 515 ; and the execution of La.Uy, 356,357. 487; his, campaign against the Chris· Van Artevelde, 142. tian faith, 620; and Frederick the Vassy, the massacre of, 292, Great, 518; imprisoned in the Ba..tille, Vatable (Watebled), 268. 515; in England, 616; and Mada.me du Vauban, the celebrated engineer, his work ChAtelet, 517 ; in Switzerland, 619; acts and Lonis XIV., 404, 405. of humanity of, 620; returns to Patis, Vandians, persecution and massacre of and is enthusia.stically welcomed, 621 ; the, 273. and the Enoyclopmdists, 622. Vaux, Marshal, 557. , Vouet, Simon, 434- Vendbme, the Duke of, 388, 390; defeated VouiIlIi, ba.ttle of, between Clovis and by Marlborongb at Oudenarde, 391; Alario,31. sent to the aid of Philip V. of Spain, 393. Voysin, Chancellor, 406,407. Venetians, the, and Lonis XII., 228; de. fee.t of, by Lollis XII. at Agnadello, 231. Venice, the Republic of, and Charles w. VIII., 222; and the Venetians in 1509, ,W aldensia.ns. See Vauliians. 251. Wa.les, the Prince of, son of Edward III., Ventadour, Madame de, 448. also ca.lIed Edward the Black Prince, Vercingetorix heads the Gauls iu their at Crecy, 146; and Johu Chandos, 151 ; rising against the Romaus, 13, 14- defeats and ca.ptures John II. of France Verdun, the Treaty of, 57. at Poictiers, 162; with John Cha.ndos, Vergennes, M. de, 540, 541, 542. enters Spain with au anny of 27,000 Vergne, Madelaiue de la, Marchioness of men, 165; creates discontent in Aqui­ La Fayette. See La Fayette. taine by his imposts, 167 I declares Versailles, the Palace of, built by Louis war with Charles V., 167. XIV., 403. Walpole, Rohert, and Fleury, 465. Vervins, Peace of, between France and Wa.rsaw, the Treaty of, providing for the Spain, 329. partition of Poland, 611. Vesontio (Besan/fon), the town of, 8. Washington, his mistmst of French aid Vezelay, 81. to America, 642; and La Fayette, 543; Vic, Henry de, oonstmcts for Charles V. forces Lord Cornwallis to ca.pitnlate a.t the first publio clock ever seen in Yorktown, 645. France, 171. Watebled, Fraucis. See Vatable. Index.

Westphalia, the Peace of, and its conse­ Woollen Trade, the, of Flanders, with quenoos, 368; the Peace of, recognized England, 123.• by Spain, 374- World. end of the, expected by the Chris­ William of Normandy, the Conqueror, see tians, A.D. 1000, 64- &Iso Not"I1lOIIlI1Iy; 66-73. Worms, general assembly convoked at, by William the Silent, Prinoo of Orange. and Louis the Debonnair, A.D. 839, 56. the Treaty ofCateau-Cambresis, 281. --III. of England, lands in Ireland x. and gains the battle of the Boyne. over Xaintrailles, 187. James II. and the French. 385; and the naval defeat oft' Beachy Head, 385; and Y. the Treaty of Ryswick, 387; death of, Yorktown, capitulation of Lord Cornwal. 38S. lis at, 1781, 546. Witt, John and CorneliusvaD, assassinated, Ypres, taken by Louis XIV., 382. 379. Wittikind, Saxon Chieftain, 43. .z. Wolfe, General, and the siege of Quebeo, . Zachary, Pope, 41. 493. Zwingle, 271.

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