r&&N9019 l'IBRIll GIJILJ.AUIfB GUIZOT THE HISTORY OF FRANCE FROM THE EARLIEST TIMES TO THE OUTBREAK OF THE REVOLUTION ABRIDGED FROM MR. ROBERT BLACK'S TRANSLA,{!ON OF AI. GUIZOTS LARGER HISTORY. WITH CHRONOLOGICAL INDEX. HISTORICAL AND GENEALOGICAL TABLES. PORTRAITS. 10., BI' GUSTA. VE MASSON, B.A.. UNIT. GALl .. orrlcma D' &CADiHIB, ~88lsr~HT HASTEB AIfD LIBUBUIf, U~IIBO" SCROOL, AIID HEHBEa or TUB II 80CISTi DB L'UISTOIBB DB rUNCS." 1.011'11011 : SAMPSON LOW, MARSTON, SEARLE, & RIVINGTON, CROWN BUILDINGS, lSS. I'LBlIT STaBlIT. 1879. [..til rigId. N'~.] LONDON: GIt.llEtlT A.n BIVINGTO:lf, l'BOfTEBS, ST. JOHN'S SQUARE. THE REV. H. M. BUTLER, D.D., HEAD MASTER, AND TO THE ASSISTANT MASTERS OF· HABROW SCHOOL, THIS EDITION OF .. THE HISTORY OF FRANCE " IS RESPECTFULLY DEDICATED :BY THEIR FAITHFUL SERV~T AND COLLEAGUE; GUSTA~E MASSON. PREFACE. IN preparing the following abridgment of M. Guizot's History of France, I have scrupulously abstained from alteridg the translation, excel!t in a limited number of cases, where con-' densation was absolutely necessary. One of the distinctive features of the original work is the number of characteristic extracts taken from the picturesque pages of contemporary chroniclers and annalists, As it was impossible to retain these consistently with the nature of a mere remme, I have given, instead:, a tolerably complete list of all the sonrces ,of French history, so that the reader may be able to refer without diffi­ culty to the authors quoted or alluded to by lr. Guizot. This seemed a natural opportunity for mentioning a few standard works on French legislation, civil, political, and ecclesiastical, on literature, etc. I could not do more here than name one writer in each speciality; for further details the student' is referred to the ff Catalogue de I'Histoire de France" (Biblio­ theque Nationale), 10 vols., 4to.; M. Ludovic Lalanne's It Dictionnaire Historique de la France" (published bY,Messrs. Hachette of Paris), 1 vol., 8vo.; and M. Alfred Franklin's It Sources de I'Histoire de France" (Paris, Didot, 8vo.), three st9rehouses of the most valuable information on the history of France. I can only trust, in conclusion, that this unpretending volume, with its pictorial illustrations, and its necessary Vl PREFACE. appendix of genealogical~chronological, and historical tables, will be favourably received by the. public; and I gladly ~knowledge that whatever merit it possesses must be ascribed to the illustrious author and English translator of" L'Histoire de France racontee ames petits-enfants." GUSTAVE MASSON. HutRow-ON-THE:-HILL, June 131R, 1879. TABLE OF CONTENTS. 1'.1.&_ PREFACE. Y CHRONOLOGICAL TABLE. ix CHAPTER I. THE GAULS AND THE RoMANS • 1 " 'II. CHRISTIANITY IN GAUL. THE BARBARIANS, THill MEROVINGIAN DYNASTY. CHAB.LE6 HAGNIlI ••• 23 III THE CARLOVINGIANS. FEUDAL FRANCE. 'tHE " ~ CRUSADES 53 IV. THE KiNGSHIP, THE COMMONERS AND THE " THIRD EsTATE. 96 V. THE HUNDRED YEARS', WAD 141 " VI. LoUIS XL CHARLES VIII. LoUIS XII. " (1461-1515) • 201 .. VII• THE RENAISSANCliI AND THE REFORMATION. FRANcIs I. AND HENRY II. (1515-1559) 241 VIII. THE wARs- OF RELIGION. FRANols II. " (1559). HENRY III. (1589) 28Q IX. REIGN OF HE¥RY IV. (1589-1593). LoUIS XIII., RICHELIEU AND THE COURT 316 X: RICHELIEU AND MAzARIN 346 XI. LoUIS XIV., HIS FOREIGN POLlCY, SUCCESSES " AND REVERSES • • 375 XII. LoUIS XIV. HOME ADMINISTRATION. LITE- " RATURE, THE COURT AND SOCIETY 399 XIII. LoUIS XV., THE REGENOY, CARDINAL DUBOIS " AND CARDINAL DE FLEURY (1715-1748) 447 XlV. LoUIS XL' THE COLONIES. THE SEVEN " YEARS' WAR (1748-1774). LITERATURE AND PHILOSOPHY • 479 " XV. LoUIS XVI. (1778 ....... 1789) • 532 ApPENDIX A. SOURCES OF THE HISTORY OF FRANCE 566 B. PRINOIPAL FEATURES OF THE FEUDAL SYSTEM 574 " C, D. T.~BLE OF THE FEUDAL DIBMEMBERMENT OF " THE KINGDOM OF FRANCE 575 E. TABLE SHowiNG THE OONSTITUTION OF THE " P ARLIAHENT OF PARIS . 576 GENEALOGICAL TABLES 577-584 INDEX • • • 585 LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS. PAGE M. GUIZOT. (FRONTISPIECE) GERBRRT 81 SIRE DE J OINVILLE • 113 CHARLES V. • 145 BERTRANDDu GUESCLIN 161 JOHN THE FEARLESS 177 JACQUES CIEUR 196 LOUIS XII. 228 FRANCIS I. • 241 HENRY II.. 305 HENRY IV. 321 SULLY 337 LoUIS XIV. ." 385 "PETER CORNEILLE 403 PASCAL. 415 BOSSUET 421 LoUIS XIV. IN HIS OLD AGB • 433 THE REGENT ORLEANS 451 LOUIS XV. 467 CARDINAL DUBOIS 483 lIADAME DE POMPADOUR 497 BUFFON 513 NECKER AT SAINT OUEN 529 MARIE ANTOINETTE 561 CHRONOLOGICAL TABLE. 11, d,fl, stand respectively for 1IOt'n, died, andftov,risherl. B.C. A.D. 687 The Gauls in Germany and Italy. 463 Childtlrio reoalled by the Franks. 840 The Gauls in Greeoe. 477 Marseilles, ArIes, and Aix cooupied 283 A Roman army destroyed by the by the Visigotha. Gauls at Aretium. 279 The Gauls near Delphi. MS'fO'Vingiam. iJ,y'Tl.a$ty. 241 The Gauls attacked by Eumenes and 481 Death of Childtlrio; his son Clovis Attalus. suooeeds to the throne. 154 Marseilles calls in the assistance of 486 Battle of Soissons gained by Clovis the Romans. against Siagrius, the Roman 122 Senius founds Aqum Serum in Pro­ gllneral in Gaul. venoe. 493 Marriagll of Clovis with Clotilda.. 118 Foundation of Nat'bo Martins. 496 I=))ovis, king of Franoe, is baptized 102 Marius defeats the Teutons in two after the Qattle of Tolbiao• . battles. 501 Dondebaud, king oftha Borgundians, 100 Birth of Julina CmBar. publishes his code, entitled .. La 68 Cmsar obtains the government of I.oi .Gombette." Cisalpine Gaul for ~e years. 507 Battle of Vouille, near Poiotiers; Attacks the Helvetii. Alario is defeated and slain by 61 Gaul made a Roman province. Clovis. A.D. 509 Clovis receives the titles of Patrioian 70 Civilis aurrendel'll. and Consul. 79 Death of Sahinus and of \his wife 510 Clovis makes Paria the capital of the Eponina. Frenoh dominions. 273 The Emperor Aurelian in Gaul. 511 Clovis dying, his dominions are " Battle ofChAlons.sur-Marne. divided among bis ohildren. 277 Probus goes on an expedition to 524 Battle of Voiron; Chlodomir, king Gaul, in which country the Franks of Orleans, is killed by Gondemar, settle about this time. king of Burgnndy. 305 The Franks defeated by Constantina' . 531 Thierry, king of Metz, seizes Thurin­ in Gaul. gia from Hermanfroi. 855 The Franks take Cologne, and de­ 5S2 The kingdom of Burgundy ends, stroy it; Julian named prefect of being conquered by Childebert Transalpine Gaul. an(l. Clotaire, kings of Paris and 857 Julian defeats six German kings at Sojp.sons. Strasburg. 656 Civil wars in France; the dominions 413 The kingdom of the Bnrgundians of Theodebald, king of Metz, are begins under Gondicarius. di~ded between Clotaire, king of 420 Pharamond supposed to begin tho Soissons, and Childebert, king of kingdom of the Franks. Paris. 426 Aetius defeats the Franks on lIhe 558 Childebert dies, and is aucoeeded by borders of the Rhine. bis son Clotaire, who beoomes 438 The Franks obtain a permanent sovereign of all Franoe. footing in Gaul. 560 Cbramn, natural son of Clataire, 451 Battle of ChAJ.ons. defeated and burnt alive. 458 Childerio, king of the Fra.nka, de- 567 Death of Charibert, king of Paris; . posed by bis subjects. his territories are divided among 462 The Ripuarian Franks take Cologne his brothers; but the oity of Paria from the Romans. is held by th~ in common. x History of France. A.D. A.D. 657 Rivalry of the two queens, Brone­ magne remaina sovereign of all Mut and Fredegonde. France. 612 Theodebert II., king of Austrasia, 772 Charlemagne begins the Saxon war, defeated and confined in a monas· which oontinues thirty years. tery by his brother, Thierry II., 773 Charlemagne defeats the troops of . king of Orleans' and Burgundy. Didier, king of the Lombards, and 613 Clota.ire king of all France; death lays siege to Pavia. of Brnnehant, widow of Sigebert, 774 Surrender of Pavia, and capture of king of Austrasia. Didiel'. 628 Clotaire II., king of France, dies, 776 The abbey church of St. Denis and is suooeeded by his son Dago­ near Paris founded. bert. 778 Battle of Roucevaux. 631 Childeric, son and successor of 784 Charlemagne defeats Witikind and Charibert, poisoned by Dagobert, . the Saxons. who remains sole monarch of 791 Charlemagne defeats the Avari, in France. Pannonia. 638 Dagobert, king of France, is suc­ 793 The Saracens ra... age GaIlia Nar· ceeded by his two Bons, Sigebert bounensillj where they are at II. in Austrasia, and Clovis II. length defeated by Charlemagne. in Neustria and Burgundy. The 800 Charlemagne crowned king of Italy MtWr8B diu. PaZau begin to usurp and emperor of the West. the royal authority. 806 P84'tition of the empire. 678 Death of Dagobert II., king of 8lB Charlemagne MSOCiates his Bon Neustris; Martin andPe'pin Louis, surnamed the Debonnair, Heristal, Mayors of the palace. or the Pious, to the Western Em­ Thierry III. is suffered to enjoy pire. the title of king of Austrasia. &14 Charlemagne dies; Bnooeeded as em. 691 Clovis III. king. peror and king by his son Lonis. 715 Charles Martel, son of Pepin Karis­ 817 Lonis divides his empire among his tal, governs as Mayor of the clPldren. palace. 840 Lonis the Debonnair dies; his eldest 717 Charles Martel defeats king Chil­ BOll, Lotha.ire; has Italy, with the peric II. and tbe N eustrians. title of Emperor; Charles the 732 Charles Martel defeats the Saracens.. Bald the kingdom of France; and 735 Charles Martel become. master of Lonis; that of Bavaria or Ger· Aquitaine. many. 737 On the death of of Thierry III., Ml Battle of Fontanet. Charles Martel governs France, 843 New partition of the Frenoh do­ with the title of Duke', for six minions in an assembly at Thion.