Authors: Asif Saeed Memon, SDPI Saman Naz, Alif Ailaan

Researchers: Muhammad Hamza Abbas, SDPI Maheen, Alif Ailaan Hira Mirza, SDPI Junaid Zahid, SDPI Rabia Tabassum, SDPI Waqas Imran, SDPI Ikram Ul Ahad, Alif Ailaan Citation

Alif Ailaan and SDPI. 2015. Alif Ailaan Pakistan District Education Rankings 2015. Islamabad: Alif Ailaan. vi-80 pp.

ISBN 978-969-23023-6-4 ii Contents

Acronyms and Abbreviations iv

Foreword and Acknowledgements v

Executive Summary 1

1. Introduction 8

2. Methodology 10

3. Education Score 14

4. An Education Score based on Middle School Data 24

5. School Infrastructure Score 30

6. A School Infrastructure Score based on Middle School Data 37

7. What would the Rankings look like if Different Indicators were Used 42

8. Holding our Elected Representatives Accountable 48

9. Conclusions 50

Annex 1: Provincial Education Scores 52

Annex 2: School Infrastructure Scores 57

Annex 3: Regional Profles 62

iii Acronyms

AEPAM Academy for Educational Planning and Management AJK Azad Jammu and Kashmir ANP Awami National Party ASER Annual Status of Education Report EDI Education for All Development Index EFA Education for All FATA Federally Administered Tribal Areas GB Gilgit-Baltistan GER Gross Enrolment Rate GPS Gender Parity Score ICT Islamabad Capital Territory ITA Idara-e-Taleem-o-Aagahi JI Jamaat-e-Islami JUI-F Jamiat-e-Ulama-e-Islam - Fazl-ur-Rahman KP Khyber Pakhtunkhwa MDGs Millennium Development Goals MQM Muttahida Qaumi Movement NEMIS National Education Management Information System NER Net Enrolment Rate NP National Party PBS Pakistan Bureau of Statistics PEC Punjab Examination Commission PES Pakistan Education Statistics PKMAP Pakhtunkhwa Milli Awami Party PML-F Pakistan Muslim League – Functional PML-N Pakistan Muslim League – Nawaz PML-Q Pakistan Muslim League – Quaid-e-Azam PPP Pakistan Peoples Party PSLMS Pakistan Social and Living Standards Measurement Survey PTI Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf SAT Standardised Assessment Test - Sindh UNESCO United Nations Educational, Scientifc and Cultural Organisation WFP World Food Programme iv Foreword and Acknowledgements

Bismillahirr Rahman irr Raheem

When we began working on the district rankings for education in Pakistan, the intention was to establish a framework for comparative analysis between different parts of the country in terms of how well government schools are serving Pakistani children. The key driver of this desire to stimulate comparisons was to spark the competitive spirit of politicians to own their districts and immerse themselves in the education reform conversation with greater commitment and passion.

The frst two editions of the rankings were widely cited, and have indeed provoked the competitive spirit – but rather than debating the performance of districts, both the mass media and the political class have taken a greater interest in the provincial rankings. This is driven by the diverse distribution of political parties across the four provinces, especially those that occupy the treasury benches and the respective offces of the chief minister. It is also most appropriate, as education is a provincial subject, under the post 18th amendment Constitution.

Local government elections are expected to take place in 2015 in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Punjab and in Sindh. It will take several years of sustained localisation of the political and service delivery discourse for districts to become viable instruments of competition and action – but these rankings, if they continue, may serve a very useful function as local governments grow and evolve.

In the meantime, supporters of the campaign often ask why we have not prepared constituency rankings for the members of the national and provincial assemblies. One major reason is that education data is not disaggregated by constituency. The simple cost of disaggregating the data, and the complexity it demands, makes constituency-based rankings a high-cost affair. But whatever the cost, a fascinating question arises: would those politicians that do not respond to the poor ranking of their district, respond differently to the poor ranking of their constituency? Possibly. We hope the government will consider establishing a framework that allows for a more seamless constituency-based disaggregation. Not every effort to improve the education conversation in the country needs to be funded through international assistance.

v This year’s rankings suffer from many of the limitations the previous years’ have suffered from – particularly the quality of data and the data on quality. Government data is not as reliable as it should be, and it does not offer any insights on learning achievements in our publicly funded classrooms. The data on quality is once again provided by the annual ASER survey, the only component of the data inputs that is not government-sourced.

Despite the limitations, we are grateful to have the support of government offcials, researchers, academics and civil society champions. Many friends of the Alif Ailaan campaign have assisted us as we compiled these rankings. In particular: Dr. Faisal Bari of LUMS & IDEAS, Baela Raza Jamil of ITA & the ASER survey, Dr. Salman Humayun of I-SAPS, Abbas Rashid of SAHE, Dr. Muhammad Memon of Aga Khan University’s IED, Umbreen Arif of the World Bank, Mariam Chughtai of Harvard University, Ghulam Nabi of Sindh Reform Support Unit and Sami Khan Sadozai. Each of these individuals has made a signifcant contribution to the technical and political aspects of these rankings.

Ultimately, the success of these rankings is contingent on their use. Media, civil society, academics and politicians are the real pilots of reform in Pakistan – so it has been for all other issues, so it will be for education. We hope and pray, inshaAllah, that this effort is yet another contribution to that ceaseless project.

Mosharraf Zaidi Campaign Director Alif Ailaan

vi Executive Summary

The Alif Ailaan District Education Rankings 2015 is the third annual attempt at comparing and contrasting the various regions of Pakistan based on their standards of education. Alif Ailaan and SDPI began this exercise in 2013. The attempt is to assess both educational outcomes and school infrastructure by comparing the relative performance of different regions.

Objectives of the rankings

The objectives of the rankings are: n To produce a comprehensive measure of education standards in Pakistan, covering important policy areas such as access, quality, gender parity and infrastructure. n To use this measure as the basis for a comparison of different parts of the country to track their performance, and thereby to encourage healthy competition between districts and between provinces. n To create awareness about the importance of data and evidence in assessing the state of education, and to promote the use of data in the development of education policy. n To encourage more accurate and comprehensive data collection by government and non- government entities.

How the rankings work n Data are collated on enrolment, literacy, learning outcomes, gender ratios and survival rates from the Pakistan Social and Living Standards Measurement Survey, the National Education Management Information System and the Annual Status of Education report. n All 148 districts and agencies are covered from Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Balochistan, the Federally Administered Tribal Areas, Gilgit-Baltistan, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, the Punjab and Sindh. n Two types of indices have been calculated: ¡ The frst, an educational outcomes-based rankings measures district level performance on access, retention, learning and gender parity. ¡ The second, measures performance on availability of basic school level infrastructure. n Each district, province, agency and territory is scored on a scale of 0 to 100.

1 2 Alif Ailaan Pakistan District Education Rankings 2015

Education Score

Table 1: Provincial and National Education Scores (Primary School)

Province/ Education Enrolment Learning Retention Gender Rank Change Territory Score Score Score Score Parity Score

2015 2014 2015

1 1 ↔ ICT 83.96 94.31 58.88 87.55 95.10

2 3 ↑ AJK 76.67 77.70 57.60 76.96 94.40

3 2 ↓ Punjab 76.30 79.67 59.06 72.01 95.38

4 4 ↔ GB 73.78 70.25 57.70 81.23 86.21

5 6 ↑ KP 70.86 74.80 50.03 75.10 83.69

- - Pakistan 70.33 74.80 52.33 67.05 89.29

6 5 ↓ Sindh 61.02 65.85 47.61 52.85 83.02

7 7 ↔ Balochistan 55.99 59.35 40.50 49.49 74.48

8 8 ↔ FATA 55.62 67.63 46.70 43.23 59.93

n Overall Pakistan’s education score remained steady (an increase of 1.67%). This is the second consecutive year of modest improvement. n The biggest decline seen in the scores was in learning score, while improvements were seen in retention (survival till class 5) and gender parity. n Islamabad is the highest ranked territory for the third year running. n In 2nd and 3rd place are Azad Jammu & Kashmir and Punjab, respectively. This represents a reversal from last year when Punjab ranked 2nd. Punjab’s score declined by 3.38%, while AJK’s stayed static. n Gilgit-Baltistan holds steady at 4th position while its education score increased by 1.69%. n Sindh and Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP) exchange positions for the second year in a row, with KP reclaiming 5th spot which it had lost last year. KP shows an improvement of 13.15% in its education score (second largest improvement), while Sindh dropped by 1.02%. n Balochistan and the Federally Administered Tribal Areas (FATA) round up the bottom of the rankings. This, despite a drop in Balochistan’s score (3.67%) and a large increase in FATA’s score (15.12%). Executive Summary 3

Map 1: Education score 4 Alif Ailaan Pakistan District Education Rankings 2015

Balochistan n Quetta is the highest ranked district and the only one in the top 50 districts. n Almost half the districts of Balochistan rank outside the top 100 (12 out of 32). n Balochistan also has only three districts in the top half (Quetta, Kech and Killa Saifullah). Nine of the bottom ten districts are from Balochistan. n Overall, Balochistan shows the largest amount of variation in learning scores between districts. n Killa Abdullah is the worst performing district in Balochistan. n One new district, Lehri, has data for only two indicators and therefore it was not ranked.1 n Only 8 of the 31 ranked districts in Balochistan scored above 60 on education score. Except Quetta, no other district scored more than 70.

Khyber Pakhtunkhwa n Overall the province has rebounded from a dip last year and is now back up to 5th rank. n KP continues to remain a mid-table province when it comes to education. 19 of 25 districts are ranked between 20th and 100th. Haripur, Malakand, Mardan and Nowshera are in the top 25 and none in the bottom 25. n Haripur is the best performing district in the province, while Kohistan is the worst performing district. n Unlike in previous years – when districts from the Hazara portion of the province – were clustered near the top – this year there is a more even distribution of scores across the province. n 24 of 25 districts scored above 50 on the education score.

Punjab n Punjab continues to dominate the top of the rankings table. Eight districts from the province are in the top ten. All of the top three districts are from Punjab Rawalpindi, Chakwal and Lahore. n Only two districts: Dera Ghazi Khan and Rajanpur scored lower than 50. These are the only two districts from Punjab to rank outside the top 100. n Only three districts in Punjab scored higher than 70 in learning score, refecting poor quality of education. n 9 out of 36 districts scored more than 80 on education score. n As has been the case in the previous rankings the division between the northern, central and southern part of the province is stark.

1 Two new districts (Lehri and Sohbatpur) have data for only two indicators and therefore were not able to be ranked. Executive Summary 5

Sindh n Sindh’s performance continues to remain poor. n Only Karachi (43rd rank) from Sindh manages to get in to the top 50 districts. Hyderabad ranks 62nd. n Thatta is the worst performing district in the province, largely due to a very low retention rate. n Overall 19 out of 25 districts scored over 50 on the education score; only one (Karachi) scored over 70. n Only 4 districts from Sindh ranked in the top half of education rankings.

Azad Jammu and Kashmir (AJK) n Throughout the period we have been calculating the Alif Ailaan district education rankings, AJK has continued to perform well on the education score for primary schooling. This is the same in 2015. n All but two of the districts are in the top 40. n None of the districts rank outside the top 50. n All AJK districts have a high education score between 70 and 79.

Federally Administered Tribal Areas (FATA) n None of FATA’s nine ranked districts made it into the top 50. n Almost all the agencies of FATA are ranked in the bottom third of the table. n Apart from FR Tank (66th) and FR Bannu (67th) all FATA agencies are in the bottom half of the table. n However, 7 out of 9 ranked districts in FATA scored above 50 and this may explain the large rise in overall score. n Four of the agencies do not have enough data to be ranked.

Gilgit-Baltistan (GB) n Despite poor performance on the school infrastructure score, GB districts continue to score well on the education rankings. All seven districts score higher than 50. n Only one district (Diamir) appears out of the top half. n GB is the only region in the country where none of the districts score lower than 50 on the learning score. 6 Alif Ailaan Pakistan District Education Rankings 2015

School Infrastructure Score

Table 2: Provincial and National School Infrastructure Scores (Primary School)

Availability School Building Province/ Rank Change Infrastructure Condition Territory Boundary Scores Electricity Water Toilet Satisfactory Wall

2015 2014 2015

1 2 ↑ Punjab 86.89 74.26 94.20 91.68 87.10 87.19

2 1 ↓ ICT 86.60 98.43 92.67 95.29 96.86 49.74

3 3 ↔ KP 70.42 53.90 66.11 77.04 75.63 79.45

- - Pakistan 62.22 56.91 64.29 65.37 67.82 56.72

4 4 ↔ Sindh 47.19 47.60 48.57 54.17 57.00 28.61

5 6 ↑ GB 45.38 36.65 40.64 39.15 62.96 47.47

6 5 ↓ FATA 39.08 42.76 46.81 36.08 51.63 18.14

7 7 ↔ Balochistan 32.63 69.46 17.64 14.93 36.33 24.80

8 8 ↔ AJK 23.39 10.74 23.14 27.18 23.28 32.62

n The national school infrastructure score is 62.22, up from 57.68 last year. n Unlike the education score, the table above shows a much greater proportion of the scores below 40 (3 out of 8). n The state of infrastructure in Pakistani government schools is more varied than the state of educational outputs. In FATA, AJK and Balochistan less than 50% of schools can provide functional toilets or water. n Islamabad, Punjab and KP continue to perform in this regard at a rate better than the national average. n GB has climbed above FATA in to 5th rank. Executive Summary 7

Map 2: School infrastucture score 8 Alif Ailaan Pakistan District Education Rankings 2015

1. Introduction

When 31st December 2015 comes around, Pakistan will have missed each one of its Millennium Development Goal 2 targets to achieve universal primary school access, improving retention in school and increasing adult literacy. On the broader Education for All (EFA) goals, Pakistan continues to perform poorly2. According to the 2015 EFA Development Index (EDI), Pakistan is ranked at 106 out of 113 countries3.

The state of education in Pakistan can be best described as a epic national crisis. Over the last few years, educators, policymakers, parents, teachers and other stakeholders have come together to begin to address the problem. However, improvement has been slow. Only 68% of primary-school going age children were in primary school in 20134, while only a little over 60% of the enrolled students are retained till class 55.

Perhaps most worryingly, whatever improvement has occurred does not have a broad base across all of Pakistan. While Punjab and Khyber Pakhtunkhwa improve, Sindh and Balochistan continue to languish or worse, deteriorate. Within provinces, some districts improve while others founder.

The district education rankings, produced jointly by Alif Ailaan and the Sustainable Development Policy Institute (SDPI), are aimed at helping to understand the state of education within Pakistan at the national, provincial and district levels. The rankings look at both educational outcomes as well as educational inputs. This year’s rankings are the third iteration and offer the added beneft of incorporating an analysis of trends of three data points for each district and province.

The 2015 edition of the District Education Rankings is the third annual iteration. It uses updated statistics to generate a snapshot of the state of education in every district of the country. The purpose of this exercise is:

n To produce a comprehensive measure of education standards in Pakistan, covering important policy areas such as access, retention, quality, gender parity and infrastructure.

n To use this measure as the basis for a comparison of different parts of the country to track their performance, and thereby to encourage healthy competition among districts and among provinces.

n To create awareness about the importance of data and evidence in assessing the state of education and to promote the use of data in the development of education policy.

n To encourage more accurate and comprehensive data collection by government and non- government entities.

Overall, the education score national average has increased from 67.40 in 2013 to 69.70 in 2014 and has now risen above 70 for the frst time. This tells the story of gradual improvement. The data suggest that this may largely be due to improvements in gender parity scores over the last two years.

2 AEPAM (2014) Education for All 2015: National Review. Academy for Education Planning and Management: Islamabad. 3 UNESCO (2015) Education for All- Global Monitoring Report 2015. UNESCO: Paris. 4 PBS (2014) Pakistan Social and Living Standards Measurement Survey 2012-13. 5 AEPAM (2015) Pakistan Education Statistics, 2013-14. Introduction 9

On the other hand, the biggest challenge is that of education quality, represented in our rankings by learning outcomes. Learning outcomes remain weak across the country. While focus rightly continues on access, gender parity and retention, education quality represents the biggest long term weakness in the system. To put the point bluntly, low quality education drags the entire education system down and this represents a growing problem.

In Balochistan, the state of education remains abysmal with poor performance in access, learning, retention and gender parity. This is the legacy of decades of neglect, of fnances and of governance and support from the center. Balochistan’s education score is 15 points below the national average, which highlights a consistent failure on part of the entire political system of Pakistan over decades.

The wide variation in performance of districts within Balochistan represents the failure of successive provincial administrations in Quetta. While Quetta ranks 45th with a score of over 70, the last nine districts in the national rankings are from Balochistan. Balochistan continues to remain the worst performing province when it comes to school infrastructure as well.

In Khyber Pakthunkhwa (KP), educational outcomes have improved across the board from 2014. The province has seen an increase in learning outcomes, student retention and gender parity. This has led to a 13% increase in the education score. The distribution of districts also appears to have become more equitable. While districts from the Hazara belt seemed to dominate within the province in previous years, this is no longer the case in this year’s rankings. Along with the improvement in FATA, the story of KP is the biggest positive story in the ranking.

While Punjab continues its dominance at the top of the district rankings with eight districts in the top 10, the province has dropped below AJK to 3rd place in provincial rankings. This is highlighted by the growing disparity between the high performing districts and the low performing districts in the province.

As has been the case in the previous rankings, the division between the northern, central and southern part of the province is quite stark. It is the weaker districts from the south of the province which have seen a decline in performance (Rajanpur and Dera Ghazi Khan have dropped below 50 on the score for the frst time), that has dragged the overall provincial score down.

Importantly, an average drop in learning outcomes is the biggest reason for the decline in the provincial rankings. However, the provincial government appears to be responding by re-focusing on education quality recently which is a positive sign.

The state of education in Sindh continues to refect a disastrous neglect of the issues. Karachi (43rd rank) is the only district which scores higher than 70. The state of education governance in the province has declined so alarmingly that both the school infrastructure and educational outputs have suffered. With a score of almost 10 points lower than the national average, the situation in Sindh can only be blamed on a failure of governance on part of the provincial government.

Perhaps the best story coming out of the ranking this year is the improvement in FATA. It is important to note that a number of the agencies (and frontier regions) in the territory are not included in the calculations due to data unavailability. However, for the areas which have been covered, the education score improved by an impressive 15%. While this has not led to an improvement in its rankings, FATA has shown an improvement across the board (including learning outcomes better than Balochistan).

Finally, Azad Jammu & Kashmir as well as Gilgit-Baltistan continue their impressive performance 10 Alif Ailaan Pakistan District Education Rankings 2015

in educational outcomes despite poor infrastructure witnessed in the last two rankings. While no district from AJK and GB occupies any of the top 10 positions, almost all the districts from the two territories rank within the top 50. This consistency, despite severe resource limitations, highlights the strength of education within these two regions and hints towards the importance of societal focus on education.

2. Methodology

There are two main indices which we calculate as part of the rankings exercise. The frst, called the education score, is an index of educational outcome indicators covering access, learning, retention and gender parity. The second, called the school infrastructure score, is an index based on the availability of basic facilities at school. Once the indices are calculated for each district/ province, these are then ranked from highest to lowest.

2.1 Scope

In 2013, we began by focusing on primary education keeping in line with the education goal under the Millennium Development Goals (MDG) framework and due to wider data availability at primary school level. Last year, we expanded our focus and also included a separate rankings of all districts using data from middle schools (ages 11 to 13 or class 6 through 86).

For the 2015 edition, we approach the task in two ways. First, employing the same methodology as the 2014 and 2013 editions, we update the ranking tables, using the most recently released statistics. This allows us to track the performance of individual districts and chart progress (or the lack thereof) in education standards over the period of one year.

Second, we calculate multiple alternative versions of the rankings using alternative indicators. One of the limitations highlighted in the previous reports as well as through feedback from stakeholders is a possibility of using alternative indicators for the ranking. Can we use net enrolment instead of gross enrolment? Are the test scores from ASER as representative as provincial government testing data? Therefore this year we have calculated alternative versions of the school rankings using net enrolment instead of gross enrolment rates and provincial test scores instead of test scores from ASER. This exercise helps us analyse data variations and test possible improvements in the rankings.

2.2 Data sources

Statistics used to develop the rankings come from three national datasets: the National Education Management Information System (NEMIS), Pakistan Social and Living Standards Measurement Survey (PSLMS), and the Annual Status of Education Report (ASER). The National Education Management Information System (NEMIS) and Pakistan Standards of Living Measurement Survey

6 Our age bracket defnitions (6-10 year olds for primary children and 11-13 for middle school children) are based on the headline data from the PSLMS report. ASER also uses these defnitions therefore a comparison between ASER and PSLMS data becomes more plausible. Methodology 11

(PSLMS) datasets are collected annually by AEPAM and PBS, respectively. Both are government departments. ITA, a non-governmental organisation, collects the Annual Status of Education Report dataset.

Where updated information for a particular district is not available, we use the most recent version of the data set. This year we have also used data from the Standardised Assessment Test - Sindh (SAT) for an alternative rankings calculation. Detailed information about these datasets is given in Table 3.

2.3 Geographic coverage

As was the case with the 2013 edition of the District Education Rankings, our endeavor this year is to include data from every province, region and territory across the country. There are currently a total of 148 districts and agencies in Pakistan covering the provinces of Balochistan, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP), Punjab and Sindh, as well as the territories of Azad Jammu and Kashmir (AJK), the Federally Administered Tribal Areas (FATA), Gilgit-Baltistan (GB) and the Islamabad Capital Territory (ICT).

However, complete data are not available for all districts. This year’s headline primary school education score ranking includes data for 142 districts (compared to 141 last year), while the school infrastructure ranking covers 147 districts (145 last year)7. Complete data required for the calculation of district rankings is not available for the following districts/agencies: Lehri, Sohbatpur, Sujawal, North Waziristan Agency, Kurram Agency, South Waziristan Agency, and FR Kohat.

Table 3: List of datasets used in calculating the District Rankings

Number Dataset Organisation Type Year Indicators of districts covered

Not-for-proft, Annual Status of Enrolment rate, Idara-e-Taleem-o- non-governmental 2014 Education Report student learning 143 Aagahi (ITA) survey of 2013 (ASER) outcomes households

National Education Academy of Survival rate, school Government Management Educational Planning 2013- infrastructure, gender collected census of 148 Information and Management 14 parity (enrolment and government schools System (NEMIS) (AEPAM) retention)

Pakistan Social & Government Living Standard Pakistan Bureau of 2012- Enrolment rate, collected survey of 115 Measurement Statistics (PBS) 13 Literacy rate households Survey (PSLMS) Reform Support Unit Standardised (RSU), Department Government Assessment Test - of Education and conducted tests of Test scores 24 Sindh (SAT) Literacy, Government students of Sindh

7 The two new districts of Sohbatpur and Lehri (Balochistan) have been added to our rankings calculations this year, but due to insuffcient data, district Lehri does not get a rank. 12 Alif Ailaan Pakistan District Education Rankings 2015

2.4 Limitations of the rankings

While data availability in Pakistan has improved slightly in the last few years, constructing a ranking based on an index using multiple datasets can be very challenging. The three data sources used to compile the rankings are released relatively regularly but the indicators used and methods employed to collect data have changed subtly from year to year. As such, there are a number of limitations that must be noted:

Availability and quality of data n PSLMS covers districts located in the four provinces, ignoring AJK, FATA and GB. In addition, PSLMS only provides district-wise disaggregated numbers every alternate year. Therefore, this year’s data (for Punjab, Sindh, KP and Balochistan) includes district level data on literacy rates and Gross Enrolment Rate (GER) from 2012-13 instead of the 2013-14 report8. n While PSLMS and ASER are household surveys, the NEMIS census of schools only considers government schools. Recently, AEPAM’s own Pakistan Education Statistics (PES) report has begun incorporating private school data as well. However, these are estimates based on previously collected data. n This means that some of the data are not representative of the entire school systems, which includes private schools and madrassas. n Certain indicators, such as survival rates from NEMIS and Learning Scores from ASER, show signifcant year-on-year variations. This has caused some districts to drastically move up or down the rankings. n Third-party validation of data is not common in Pakistan. This may be a relevant tool to help improve data quality in the future.

Data variations between provinces and the federation

One of the biggest challenges in dealing with datasets like NEMIS is that they are a collation of data from different provinces and regions. As such there is greater scope for error in data aggregations and calculations. We experienced this challenge during the production of the 2014 district rankings as some of the numbers (specifcally Survival Rate calculations) varied between the province and Islamabad.

Since we use NEMIS data for all the provinces and some of the provinces release their own data which contradicts the NEMIS data (also collated from the provinces), we are forced to add yet another layer of selection to the calculation of the education score. This makes establishing the robustness of the fnal rankings even more diffcult.

8 Regardless of the availability, the PSLMS 2013-14 data were not available when this report went to print. Methodology 13

Inability to capture intra district variation

By using aggregate numbers at the district level, intra-district variation is not captured. As a result, signifcant variations in education standards in large, cosmopolitan, highly urbanised districts such as Karachi, Lahore and Peshawar are ignored.

Limitations of available literacy rate

Using the literacy rate as one of our indicators means that our rankings take into account the reading abilities of individuals who have been out of the formal schooling system for many years as well as those who have never been to school. Since this component of the Learning Score covers a segment of the population that may not be in direct contact with the education system, assessing the performance of the current system based on their literacy levels may skew results to some extent.

Use of GER instead of NER

Although Net Enrolment Rate (NER) is most widely used as a measure of access, this fgure is unavailable for all districts in the country. As a result, our rankings use the Gross Enrolment Rate (GER) for the sake of consistency. At the same time it should be noted that the large number of out- of-school children in Pakistan means that the GER is more than usually relevant in Pakistan’s case, as older children in classrooms are quite common. What this means is that since it is a widespread phenomenon in Pakistan for older children to be in classrooms GER comparisons across regions may be more useful than would be assumed otherwise.

It is also important to note that ASER reports higher middle school enrolment rates than primary school enrolment rates in some districts. This is an anomaly which might require further examination.

Limitations of the gender parity score

The gender parity score does not take into account the gender ratio of the underlying population. This means that we assume a ratio of 1:1 is ideal even though the overall population may have a slightly higher number of boys.

Limitations of the school infrastructure score

In the case of the School Infrastructure Score, we use school infrastructure to measure school quality. Ideally, indicators that measure teacher quality, such as teacher qualifcation, would add more validity to the score.

Other data limitations

Statistics used to develop the rankings are based on datasets from multiple years (2012-13 and 2014). This means that certain underlying trends are not fully captured as some data will not be up to date. 14 Alif Ailaan Pakistan District Education Rankings 2015

For some districts, ASER data only records Learning Scores from rural households. Also, ASER enrolment fgures vary drastically from the PSLMS enrolment rate fgures. This makes comparison between the two (which we do to calculate the enrolment component of the education score) diffcult.

Taking into account the availability of electricity to develop the School Infrastructure Score means that the results are inherently biased in favour of urban districts, since rural schools are less likely to have electricity connections.

Since ASER, NEMIS, and PSLMS use different (albeit similar) sampling methodologies, there is a risk in aggregating and combining statistics from three separate datasets.

3. Education Score

As highlighted earlier, the education score has been computed using a methodology which takes the Education for All Development Index (EDI) created by the United Nations Educational, Scientifc and Cultural Organisation (UNESCO) and adjusted for local conditions.9 The Education Score in the District Education Rankings is a version of this index. It is a composite score based on four sets of indicators related to access, retention, learning outcomes and gender parity. The components of Education Score are provided in Table 4.

Table 4: Components of the education score

Variable Indicator Description Source

Access Gross enrolment rate The GER is calculated as the total PSLMS 2012-13, for 6-10 year olds number of students enrolled in ASER 2014 primary school, divided by the total number of children aged 6-10 years.

Retention Survival rate up to This is calculated as the proportion of NEMIS 2013-14, class 5 children enrolled in class 1 who are 2012-13 expected to arrive in class 5.

Learning Literacy rate of over-10- This captures the proportion of the PSLMS 2012-13 year-olds population over the age of 10 that can read a newspaper article.

Learning Scores of Percentage of children surveyed who ASER 2014 class 5 students in are able to read a story in Urdu, read reading and arithmetic a sentence in English and perform a two-digit division

Gender parity Gender parity index Ratio of female and male students NEMIS 2013-14 enrolled and those who have continued on to class 5

9 UNESCO (2012) EFA-GMR report 2012. UNESCO: Paris. Education Score 15

3.1. Access

Access to primary schooling at the district level is captured by the gross enrolment rate (GER) among children aged 6 to 10 (standard primary school age in Pakistan). Since the GER can be greater than 100, the fgures are adjusted by dividing each data point by the largest data point in the series (in this case that district is Sialkot with a GER of 123). This operation gives Sialkot a GER of 100, while every other district’s enrolment score is a ratio of Sialkot’s GER.

The GER is used for analysis instead of the Net Enrolment Rate (NER) for the sake of consistency. The published PSLMS reports only provide NER for four provinces, excluding FATA, GB and AJK. Since the ASER dataset includes the GER for these areas, GER is used throughout10.

3.2. Retention

Retention in education is gauged by statistics that capture the continuation of a child’s schooling. Indicators for retention scores include the completion of primary schooling, continuation to the next level of education, years of schooling completed and survival rates.

For the purpose of our analysis, we have chosen survival rates up to class 5, as reported in NEMIS 2013-2014. This is calculated as the proportion of children enrolled in class 1 who are expected to reach in class 5. As we have observed a high level of fuctuation in district level survival rates from year to year, we decided to use a rolling average of two years’ survival rates. This means that this year’s rankings use an average of SRs from 2013 and 2014 to calculate the retention score.

3.3. Learning

To calculate the learning score, four data points from ASER and PSLMS are combined. The frst is district literacy rates for population aged over 10 years. While this indicator is not ideally suited to our purposes since the category of ‘over 10 years old’ includes all sampled respondentsin the PSLMS over the age of 10, whereas our focus is on primary schooling. Nevertheless the PSLMS literacy rate has been calculated and presented in data for many years and is a relatively reliable data point. It also has the beneft of being an indicator which does not vary as much as test scores from year to year.

The next three components are taken from ASER and include data on learning outcomes in Urdu, English and Mathematics.

The learning score for each district is calculated by taking the arithmetic average of the following variables: district literacy rates for over-10-year-olds, district average of those able to read Urdu or a regional language, English reading ability and mathematics ability.

10 PBS (2014) Pakistan Standards of Living Measurement Survey 2012-13. 16 Alif Ailaan Pakistan District Education Rankings 2015

3.4. Gender parity

The gender parity score is the arithmetic mean of gender ratios at enrolment and for continuation up to class 5. The purpose of calculating gender parity is to ensure that efforts to increase enrolment focus equally on both girls and boys.

Raw data for the number of girls and boys enrolled in primary school are taken from NEMIS. For survival rates, gender parity fgures are also from NEMIS.

Two gender ratios are calculated (for enrolment numbers and survival rates) by dividing the number of girls by the number of boys. There are some instances where the ratio is greater than 100 (more girls than boys). In such cases we use an inverse of the gender ratio in order to keep the gender ratio between 0 and 100. The mean of the two gender ratios is multiplied by 100 to derive the gender parity score (GPS). A GPS of 100 means that an equal number of girls and boys are enrolled in primary school and an equal number of girls and boys continue their education up to class 5.

3.5 Calculating the education score

To calculate the Education Score, the arithmetic average of enrolment, learning, retention (survival) and gender parity scores is used, giving equal weight to each indicator. This methodology is based on the assumption that each constituent variable—access, retention, learning outcomes and gender parity—is equally important when it comes to educating all of Pakistan’s children.

The 2015 provincial rankings are presented in Table 5 below.

Table 5: Provincial and National Education Scores (Primary School)

Province/ Education Enrolment Learning Retention Gender Rank Change Territory Score Score Score Score Parity Score

2015 2014 2015

1 1 ↔ ICT 83.96 94.31 58.88 87.55 95.10

2 3 ↑ AJK 76.67 77.70 57.60 76.96 94.40

3 2 ↓ Punjab 76.30 79.67 59.06 72.01 95.38

4 4 ↔ GB 73.78 70.25 57.70 81.23 86.21

5 6 ↑ KP 70.86 74.80 50.03 75.10 83.69

- - Pakistan 70.33 74.80 52.33 67.05 89.29

6 5 ↓ Sindh 61.02 65.85 47.61 52.85 83.02

7 7 ↔ Balochistan 55.99 59.35 40.50 49.49 74.48

8 8 ↔ FATA 55.62 67.63 46.70 43.23 59.93 Education Score 17

As with last, year Islamabad continues with its highest position among all the territories and provinces for the third year in a row. ICT’s education score increased this year by 0.25%. The federal district performed better than all provinces and territories in two of the four components of the education score: enrolment and retention. Islamabad’s performance on learning score (an amalgamation of literacy rates and student test scores) was only 58.88.

On second and third place are Azad Jammu & Kashmir and Punjab, respectively. This represents a reversal from last year when Punjab ranked second. Punjab’s score declined by 3.38% (Figure 1), while AJK’s score stayed static.

Further examining the components of the education score highlights the drastic decrease in Punjab’s test scores (and therefore Learning Score) from 2014 by almost 10 points.

Figure 1: Percentage change in education score (compared to 2014)

Gilgit-Baltistan holds steady at 4th position while its education score increased by 1.69%. Sindh and Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP) exchange positions for the second year in a row, with KP reclaiming 5th spot which it had lost last year. KP shows an improvement of 13.15% in its education score (second largest improvement), while Sindh dropped a further by 1.04%. The decline in Sindh’s score was largely due to a decline in enrolment (Sindh has the second lowest Gross Enrolment Rate in the country).

KP’s improvement on the other hand is due to considerable improvements in test scores, retention and gender parity. The improvement in gender parity is the most marked.

Balochistan and the Federally Administered Tribal Areas (FATA) round up the bottom of the rankings. This is despite a drop in Balochistan’s score and a large increase in FATA’s score (15.12%). Due to the relatively low base from which FATA is making its way up the ladder even a large increase does not push it up the ranking.

Overall Pakistan’s education score remained steady (an increase of 1.67%). This is the second consecutive year of modest improvement. However, the component data fuctuated considerably. The biggest decline seen in the scores is in the learning score, while improvements are seen in retention (survival till class 5) and gender parity. 18 Alif Ailaan Pakistan District Education Rankings 2015

Table 6 below provides a breakdown of the rankings by district. At the top, Rawalpindi (ranked 2nd in 2014) climbs up one place to the number 1 rank in 2015 district rankings. This was largely due to improvements in learning and retention scores. Meanwhile, Chakwal the number 1 district from 2014 drops one place to second.

Eight of the top ten districts are from Punjab. Six of these are from Northern Punjab with only Toba Tek Singh and Mandi Bahauddin from central Punjab. Khyber Pakhtunkhwa is represented by only Haripur in top ten districts. Islamabad drops a place down to 5th rank.

The highest ranked districts in AJK, Balochistan, FATA, Gilgit-Baltistan and Sindh are Mirpur (13th), Quetta (45th), FR Tank (64th), Skardu (14th) and Karachi (43rd) respectively. Only one district from Sindh is present in the top 50.

Table 6: District Education Scores (Primary School)

Province/ Education Enrolment Learning Retention Gender Rank District/ Agency Territory Score Score Score Score Parity Score

1 Rawalpindi Punjab 86.80 91.56 71.23 90.94 93.47

2 Chakwal Punjab 84.75 96.23 56.31 88.67 97.79

3 Lahore Punjab 84.12 87.96 62.54 93.36 92.61

4 Haripur KP 83.97 97.33 54.90 86.24 97.40

5 Islamabad ICT 83.96 94.31 58.88 87.55 95.10

6 Sheikhupura Punjab 82.51 79.73 56.01 95.02 99.30

7 Attock Punjab 81.80 87.66 55.20 86.36 97.98

8 Sialkot Punjab 81.52 100.00 47.17 86.16 92.76

9 Toba Tek Singh Punjab 81.14 86.29 76.05 73.80 88.42

10 Faisalabad Punjab 80.99 84.11 59.78 83.78 96.30

11 Mandi Bahauddin Punjab 80.72 89.31 60.73 75.36 97.51

12 Narowal Punjab 79.78 90.54 61.01 73.07 94.52

13 Mirpur AJK 78.78 79.27 59.76 80.12 95.97

14 Skardu GB 78.58 72.60 57.46 97.56 86.70

15 Malakand KP 78.39 81.88 41.08 92.38 98.24

16 Bagh AJK 78.28 79.11 58.08 80.95 94.98

17 Haveli AJK 78.25 76.50 71.94 73.90 90.66

18 Kotli AJK 77.99 78.29 59.86 78.68 95.12

19 Gujrat Punjab 77.76 85.91 64.09 68.01 93.03

20 Jhelum Punjab 77.70 96.43 47.07 69.60 97.69

21 Hunza Nagar GB 77.33 74.55 54.29 84.64 95.85

22 Gujranwala Punjab 77.18 85.87 43.27 86.14 93.42 Education Score 19

Province/ Education Enrolment Learning Retention Gender Rank District/ Agency Territory Score Score Score Score Parity Score

23 Bhimber AJK 77.15 78.86 57.64 80.12 91.96

24 Mardan KP 77.05 78.62 58.62 82.21 88.75

25 Nowshera KP 77.05 86.50 52.11 78.63 90.95

26 Sargodha Punjab 76.96 89.81 58.39 68.32 91.32

27 Hafzabad Punjab 76.83 80.93 63.41 68.88 94.09

28 Hattian AJK 76.68 77.89 63.68 76.50 88.64

29 Swabi KP 76.64 85.39 51.52 82.56 87.07

30 Chitral KP 76.61 83.14 31.97 95.51 95.84

31 Abbottabad KP 76.13 92.43 37.57 83.39 91.13

32 Astor GB 75.86 71.22 65.43 75.23 91.54

33 Neelum AJK 75.23 69.84 68.95 77.08 85.04

34 Karak KP 75.23 76.33 37.26 88.61 98.72

35 Gilgit GB 74.88 69.92 54.12 80.22 95.27

36 Mansehra KP 74.54 85.06 63.28 55.77 94.07

37 Layyah Punjab 74.09 97.14 52.13 58.94 88.16

38 Poonch AJK 73.97 79.11 39.93 81.55 95.30

39 Okara Punjab 73.81 89.40 52.47 63.02 90.33

40 Charsadda KP 73.51 77.96 55.47 73.04 87.58

41 Sahiwal Punjab 72.97 80.04 50.80 67.47 93.57

42 Muzaffarabad AJK 72.93 74.88 46.03 76.60 94.22

43 Karachi Sindh 72.48 85.20 66.19 50.54 88.00

44 Jhang Punjab 72.33 72.92 68.39 57.20 90.82

45 Quetta Balochistan 72.13 80.18 64.14 68.88 75.30

46 Kasur Punjab 71.94 81.18 47.68 63.21 95.69

47 Khanewal Punjab 71.81 78.44 67.50 54.41 86.92

48 Bhakkar Punjab 71.68 81.12 75.25 58.85 71.48

49 Sudhnutti AJK 71.10 74.63 43.07 81.62 85.07

50 Vehari Punjab 70.23 73.88 56.23 60.34 90.46

51 Pakpattan Punjab 69.76 79.54 65.26 53.42 80.83

52 Ghizer GB 69.58 76.26 55.73 61.02 85.30

53 Kech Balochistan 69.50 68.83 43.90 80.57 84.70

54 Ghanchi GB 68.79 71.95 50.63 56.05 96.55

55 Peshawar KP 68.53 76.64 50.94 69.63 76.89 20 Alif Ailaan Pakistan District Education Rankings 2015

Province/ Education Enrolment Learning Retention Gender Rank District/ Agency Territory Score Score Score Score Parity Score

56 Bahawalnagar Punjab 67.94 73.52 56.98 50.72 90.54

57 Mianwali Punjab 67.88 78.84 55.05 60.67 76.96

58 Multan Punjab 67.78 78.20 48.52 58.71 85.71

59 Khushab Punjab 67.50 83.85 45.67 58.16 82.31

60 Nankana Sahib Punjab 67.47 82.51 68.78 26.42 92.16

61 Lodhran Punjab 67.33 70.72 55.65 55.57 87.37

62 Hyderabad Sindh 67.32 76.48 48.61 57.87 86.32

63 Swat KP 67.11 79.30 38.01 63.99 87.12

64 Bannu KP 67.00 70.45 45.58 66.00 85.98

65 Chiniot Punjab 66.28 76.98 62.52 59.35 66.29

66 FR Tank FATA 66.06 70.49 49.62 47.49 96.64

67 FR Bannu FATA 65.90 62.60 53.33 58.56 89.09

68 Kohat KP 65.04 75.24 39.66 74.53 70.72

69 Tor Ghar KP 64.55 55.54 52.21 76.25 74.21

70 Killa Saifullah Balochistan 64.44 84.59 70.07 34.76 68.32

71 Buner KP 63.83 81.43 36.87 65.14 71.90

72 Naushehro Feroze Sindh 63.61 68.38 34.12 70.90 81.03

73 Sukkur Sindh 63.05 64.77 50.60 64.00 72.85

74 Dera Ismail Khan KP 63.03 58.78 41.56 66.32 85.47

75 Mastung Balochistan 62.94 85.04 18.04 65.02 83.64

76 Kharan Balochistan 62.93 74.69 62.00 55.41 59.62

77 Gwadar Balochistan 62.58 86.85 17.91 75.38 70.17

78 Lower Dir KP 62.54 76.38 25.01 76.08 72.69

79 Ziarat Balochistan 62.46 69.44 37.65 64.00 78.76

80 Dadu Sindh 62.41 69.68 40.40 55.71 83.86

81 Rahim Yar Khan Punjab 62.40 53.57 64.96 50.64 80.44

82 Larkana Sindh 62.38 71.61 36.57 74.41 66.94

83 Sibi Balochistan 62.12 75.01 26.33 64.84 82.31

84 Bahawalpur Punjab 61.49 56.22 58.66 47.71 83.38

85 Lakki Marwat KP 61.49 61.55 37.82 74.47 72.11

86 Orakzai Agency FATA 59.68 78.62 64.45 38.79 56.86

87 Nushki Balochistan 59.43 64.60 34.15 57.10 81.88

88 Muzaffargarh Punjab 59.27 66.55 54.70 37.02 78.81 Education Score 21

Province/ Education Enrolment Learning Retention Gender Rank District/ Agency Territory Score Score Score Score Parity Score

89 Ghotki Sindh 58.93 57.05 44.51 64.68 69.46

90 Shaheed Sindh 58.84 61.56 21.78 72.40 79.63 Benazirabad

91 Tando Allah Yar Sindh 58.84 56.90 34.67 66.37 77.43

92 Zhob Balochistan 58.69 48.35 50.09 61.39 74.95

93 Hangu KP 58.46 63.29 30.38 73.41 66.77

94 Sanghar Sindh 58.38 63.63 49.01 49.25 71.64

95 Diamir GB 58.36 38.54 69.65 77.90 47.34

96 Upper Dir KP 58.21 69.32 35.54 59.42 68.55

97 Lasbela Balochistan 58.04 53.74 51.58 53.44 73.40

98 Khairpur Sindh 57.54 60.37 30.30 60.43 79.06

99 Bajaur Agency FATA 57.43 59.59 34.32 63.25 72.56

100 Jhal Magsi Balochistan 57.25 66.22 51.48 49.59 61.71

101 Mohmand Agency FATA 57.17 57.24 72.47 40.12 58.85

102 Shikarpur Sindh 56.76 58.80 26.14 64.00 78.11

103 Tank KP 56.70 50.38 37.27 49.85 89.31

104 Khyber Agency FATA 56.31 69.19 54.22 42.97 58.85

105 Khuzdar Balochistan 55.16 69.14 28.95 31.21 91.35

106 Pishin Balochistan 55.01 66.03 31.54 45.74 76.76

107 Shangla KP 54.97 59.65 34.09 57.26 68.87

108 Matiari Sindh 54.67 60.48 30.51 50.95 76.74

109 Awaran Balochistan 53.89 44.69 20.41 72.86 77.60

110 Jacobabad Sindh 53.56 56.56 25.18 41.50 90.98

111 Batagram KP 53.53 75.00 52.40 29.04 57.66

112 Tharparkar Sindh 52.98 69.00 29.88 28.42 84.63

113 Badin Sindh 52.14 54.31 46.25 37.44 70.55

114 Kambar-Shahdadkot Sindh 51.99 58.40 26.93 52.46 70.16

115 Panjgur Balochistan 51.18 78.91 6.10 54.29 65.40

116 FR Peshawar FATA 51.09 73.50 12.30 50.21 68.34

117 Kashmore-Kandhkot Sindh 50.90 45.21 22.81 63.65 71.92

118 Jaffarabad Balochistan 50.01 44.83 55.35 35.44 64.44

119 Mirpurkhas Sindh 49.86 53.19 31.98 39.30 74.98

120 Kalat Balochistan 49.79 63.02 13.22 33.51 89.39 22 Alif Ailaan Pakistan District Education Rankings 2015

Province/ Education Enrolment Learning Retention Gender Rank District/ Agency Territory Score Score Score Score Parity Score

121 Dera Ghazi Khan Punjab 49.42 75.69 11.25 35.82 74.91

122 Sherani Balochistan 48.84 55.64 36.44 39.22 64.06

123 Tando Muhammad Sindh 47.93 49.23 31.32 40.47 70.67 Khan

124 Rajanpur Punjab 47.81 60.08 45.34 29.52 56.29

125 Umerkot Sindh 47.76 54.22 35.12 28.96 72.73

126 Jamshoro Sindh 47.55 54.99 17.07 50.06 68.07

127 FR DI Khan FATA 47.30 70.65 42.93 28.72 46.89

128 Barkhan Balochistan 45.87 70.35 17.07 45.03 51.05

129 Chaghi Balochistan 45.16 47.15 37.06 46.08 50.35

130 Loralai Balochistan 44.11 59.65 31.90 19.36 65.53

131 Thatta Sindh 43.86 45.72 34.32 14.75 80.63

132 FR Lakki Marwat FATA 42.56 55.12 19.39 26.78 68.94

133 Kohistan KP 41.44 44.88 42.88 25.40 52.61

134 Harnai Balochistan 40.73 39.08 20.10 47.42 56.31

135 Kachhi Balochistan 40.29 52.39 18.18 50.18 40.43

136 Nasirabad Balochistan 35.63 39.20 8.14 41.28 53.91

137 Washuk Balochistan 35.40 53.36 15.22 21.87 51.16

138 Kohlu Balochistan 33.40 50.03 20.72 18.26 44.58

139 Sohbatpur Balochistan 31.17 50.63 45.16 - 28.87

140 Musakhail Balochistan 30.34 40.42 26.59 23.03 31.30

141 Dera Bugti Balochistan 28.99 14.65 11.50 47.88 41.93

142 Killa Abdullah Balochistan 28.04 36.14 11.75 31.10 33.16

- FR Kohat FATA 39.55 - - 71.40 86.79

- Kurram Agency FATA 36.24 - - 71.72 73.23

- South Waziristan FATA 29.21 - - 44.18 72.68 Agency

- North Waziristan FATA 26.45 - - 32.50 73.31 Agency

- Sujawal Sindh 16.97 49.56 18.33 - -

- Lehri Balochistan 14.78 51.42 7.70 - -

Rounding off the bottom of the district education rankings is Killa Abdullah (142nd) dropping two places from 140th rank last year. Dera Bugti, the bottom district in the last two years improved to 141st in the rankings. Education Score 23

3.6 Trends that emerge from the primary education rankings

Overall, similar patterns have continued from the last two years. n The top half of the rankings is dominated by districts from Punjab, AJK and Gilgit-Baltistan. n The bottom half of the rankings has greater representation from Balochistan, FATA and Sindh. n Khyber Pakhtunkhwa is frmly ensconced in the middle of the table, with only Haripur, Malakand, Mardan and Nowshera in the top 25 and none in the bottom 25. n Sindh’s situation continues to remain bad on the education front. Only three districts (Karachi, Hyderabad, Naushehro Feroze and Sukkur) appear in the top half of the rankings table. Karachi is the only one in the top 50. n Balochistan also has only three districts in the top half (Quetta, Kech and Killa Saifullah). Nine of the bottom ten districts are from Balochistan. n Apart from FR Tank (66th) and FR Bannu (67th) all FATA agencies are in the bottom half of the table. n Importantly there are signs of gradual improvement (Figure 2, below). Looking at the three distributions for the 2013, 2014 and 2015 education rankings below, the share of the red (score of under 40) and yellow (40-49) has diminished considerably: from a combined 30% of districts to just over 15% this year. This means that the number of districts scoring under 50 have been almost halved from 42 in 2013 to 24 in 2015. n Even more importantly, the proportion of districts scoring over 70 (the two left most green bars) has gone from 21.43% in 2013 to 35.21% in 2015.

Figure 2: Distribution of districts by education score (%) 24 Alif Ailaan Pakistan District Education Rankings 2015

3.7 Anomalies

Variations from year to year are rare in provincial rankings (no province or territory has moved more than one ranking position since we initiated this exercise in 2013). However, at the district level, districts can jump long distances up and down the ranking table. This can be due to genuine variations from year to year at the district level (e.g. the group of class 5 students this year may be much better or much worse at test taking than the group last year). The large variations in some districts can also be down to the vagaries of data collection in Pakistan.

The largest movers in the district rankings this year are Astor (GB), which jumped 60 positions up the district rankings table in to the top 20, and Gwadar (Balochistan) which dropped 60 ranking places down to 77.

Astor’s rise is a continuation following another signifcant jump from 2013 to 2014 and is largely due to signifcant improvements learning and retention scores for the district.

On the other hand Gwadar’s rankings decrease is largely down to a precipitous decline in Learning Scores. Overall there are only four instances where the ranking increased or decreased by more than 50 places. These are Astor (up 60 places), FR Tank (up by 51), Dera Ghazi Khan (down by 52) and Gwadar (down by 60).

4. An Education Score based on Middle School Data

As we did last year we have calculated a district rankings table based on middle school data as well. For this exercise, we devised an alternate ranking that uses the following indicators: GER; learning scores in English, Urdu, and mathematics; gender parity for enrolment in middle school; and transition rates from middle school to secondary school (data continuation up to class 8, the last class-level in middle school, are not available).

It is important to note three differences in our methodology. First, we use transition rates from middle to secondary school (the percentage of children who complete middle school and go on to secondary school) instead of survival rates. NEMIS, from which both data points are extracted, only provides survival rates up to class 5. To measure retention at higher levels, transition rates are provided.

Second, and as a consequence, when calculating the Gender Parity Score, where previously the gender ratio at enrolment and the gender ratio for survival rates were used, for the middle school rankings we use the gender score of transition instead of survival rates.

Finally, in calculating the learning score in our main rankings we balance learning scores from ASER data with the literacy rate of over-10-year-olds from PSLMS. For middle school learning score, we only include ASER learning outcomes data. An Education Score based on Middle School Data 25

Table 7: District Education Scores (Middle School)

Gender Province/ Education Enrolment Learning Retention Rank District/ Agency Parity Territory Score Score Score Score Score

1 Bhimber AJK 89.11 90.40 93.53 87.72 84.81

2 Kotli AJK 87.35 90.91 86.48 86.26 85.76

3 Bagh AJK 87.07 90.48 81.42 87.69 88.68

4 Haveli AJK 86.87 91.31 91.49 82.31 82.39

5 Panjgur Balochistan 84.88 90.81 92.01 79.57 77.11

6 Mirpur AJK 84.87 94.57 86.67 79.81 78.42

7 Rawalpindi Punjab 84.05 87.62 92.83 74.17 81.60

8 Muzaffarabad AJK 83.67 84.52 72.13 90.96 87.08

9 Ghanchi GB 83.53 88.76 90.68 69.54 85.15

10 Gujrat Punjab 83.42 83.81 91.93 74.96 82.98

11 Quetta Balochistan 82.94 82.86 86.68 78.23 84.01

12 Hattian AJK 82.94 90.69 83.57 74.54 82.97

13 Narowal Punjab 82.56 78.10 91.51 82.21 78.42

14 Hunza Nagar GB 82.46 89.16 85.95 78.54 76.19

15 Sialkot Punjab 81.47 75.24 74.15 100.00 76.49

16 Poonch AJK 81.36 91.01 73.40 79.75 81.30

17 Sudhnutti AJK 81.12 88.50 74.54 78.58 82.87

18 Astor GB 80.41 83.52 91.65 90.85 55.62

19 Neelum AJK 79.81 80.59 97.25 77.83 63.58

20 Chitral KP 78.65 94.29 72.01 71.34 76.94

21 Sargodha Punjab 78.04 59.05 86.67 93.65 72.78

22 Chakwal Punjab 78.00 89.52 80.35 64.65 77.46

23 Lahore Punjab 77.76 72.38 90.75 69.69 78.22

24 Islamabad ICT 77.74 100.00 64.18 67.11 79.67

25 Attock Punjab 77.56 90.48 84.20 64.39 71.17

26 Mandi Bahauddin Punjab 76.69 67.62 93.27 73.77 72.11

27 Faisalabad Punjab 76.00 66.67 82.42 79.13 75.76

28 Ghizer GB 75.45 89.42 88.42 70.43 53.53

29 Toba Tek Singh Punjab 75.38 68.57 81.94 65.97 85.04

30 Gilgit GB 74.84 80.43 85.37 65.20 68.38

31 Swabi KP 74.61 90.48 79.45 65.88 62.65 26 Alif Ailaan Pakistan District Education Rankings 2015

Gender Province/ Education Enrolment Learning Retention Rank District/ Agency Parity Territory Score Score Score Score Score

32 Nowshera KP 74.09 75.24 86.42 67.25 67.46

33 Skardu GB 73.50 84.48 91.50 45.57 72.47

34 Jhelum Punjab 73.39 83.81 63.80 74.69 71.27

35 Khuzdar Balochistan 73.20 40.95 81.85 84.15 85.85

36 Haripur KP 73.20 86.67 81.05 58.89 66.19

37 Khanewal Punjab 72.80 58.10 93.07 71.44 68.58

38 Nankana Sahib Punjab 72.42 68.57 92.16 70.68 58.26

39 Ziarat Balochistan 72.25 67.62 88.89 60.49 72.00

40 Okara Punjab 72.15 58.10 89.76 71.27 69.47

41 Abbottabad KP 72.06 90.48 74.24 59.21 64.33

42 Peshawar KP 72.01 69.52 95.22 62.79 60.49

43 Mardan KP 71.58 70.48 86.97 66.92 61.93

44 Pishin Balochistan 71.57 46.67 93.02 86.51 60.08

45 Karachi Sindh 71.53 74.29 82.36 59.91 69.58

46 Nushki Balochistan 71.29 40.95 86.96 79.32 77.94

47 Kharan Balochistan 71.02 49.52 92.59 79.22 62.75

48 Hyderabad Sindh 69.86 72.38 77.73 64.27 65.05

49 Orakzai Agency FATA 69.81 89.50 76.44 68.38 44.94

50 Charsadda KP 69.02 68.57 80.77 68.38 58.34

51 Karak KP 68.66 71.43 80.77 63.42 59.00

52 Multan Punjab 68.59 52.38 87.39 71.30 63.29

53 Gujranwala Punjab 68.52 74.29 65.61 66.57 67.62

54 Lasbela Balochistan 68.39 38.10 93.33 80.81 61.32

55 Killa Saifullah Balochistan 68.39 46.67 93.33 77.97 55.58

56 Kachhi Balochistan 67.98 39.05 96.36 81.17 55.34

57 Khushab Punjab 67.97 68.57 75.10 71.02 57.19

58 Mianwali Punjab 67.76 65.71 83.49 71.13 50.72

59 Bajaur Agency FATA 67.74 61.71 83.91 70.46 54.88

60 Muzaffargarh Punjab 67.52 44.76 81.02 70.06 74.24

61 Buner KP 67.02 54.29 86.96 77.50 49.32

62 Bhakkar Punjab 66.84 55.24 89.59 67.67 54.87

63 Kasur Punjab 66.61 57.14 76.90 65.45 66.93

64 Bahawalnagar Punjab 66.39 51.43 82.24 67.19 64.71 An Education Score based on Middle School Data 27

Gender Province/ Education Enrolment Learning Retention Rank District/ Agency Parity Territory Score Score Score Score Score

65 Bahawalpur Punjab 66.35 40.00 83.15 64.39 77.86

66 Jhang Punjab 66.26 47.62 87.37 68.39 61.68

67 Sibi Balochistan 66.13 66.67 56.86 58.38 82.63

68 Mansehra KP 66.07 65.71 86.52 64.39 47.66

69 FR Bannu FATA 65.82 74.67 79.49 68.54 40.57

70 Mastung Balochistan 65.75 56.19 66.67 77.06 63.07

71 Dera Ismail Khan KP 65.64 50.48 85.92 63.97 62.17

72 Khyber Agency FATA 65.54 81.40 83.61 63.46 33.68

73 Lodhran Punjab 65.53 46.67 77.93 74.29 63.21

74 Rajanpur Punjab 65.30 34.29 92.94 73.35 60.65

75 Kech Balochistan 65.15 57.14 44.83 85.11 73.51

76 Harnai Balochistan 65.12 56.19 63.98 83.95 56.37

77 FR Lakki Marwat FATA 65.10 61.81 72.53 72.59 53.45

78 Hafzabad Punjab 65.01 60.00 91.73 52.08 56.24

79 Lower Dir KP 64.96 64.76 69.47 64.68 60.91

80 Layyah Punjab 64.93 49.52 73.03 69.90 67.25

81 Sohbatpur Balochistan 64.88 53.36 94.74 53.73 57.71

82 Swat KP 64.71 60.95 71.48 69.54 56.86

83 Malakand KP 64.46 83.81 66.16 23.58 84.29

84 Sahiwal Punjab 64.32 61.90 54.16 72.03 69.17

85 Kohat KP 64.13 65.71 82.76 62.81 45.22

86 FR DI Khan FATA 63.99 81.02 61.44 69.16 44.31

87 Mohmand Agency FATA 63.69 60.73 99.17 43.85 51.02

88 Jaffarabad Balochistan 63.23 30.48 79.17 80.85 62.44

89 Rahim Yar Khan Punjab 62.78 39.05 81.09 67.53 63.45

90 Bannu KP 62.60 61.90 71.71 65.43 51.34

91 Sheikhupura Punjab 62.49 60.95 74.83 40.60 73.58

92 Hangu KP 62.27 63.81 67.57 68.70 49.00

93 Jhal Magsi Balochistan 62.09 37.14 85.89 73.17 52.16

94 Chiniot Punjab 61.42 48.57 82.22 64.07 50.84

95 Vehari Punjab 61.22 52.38 83.71 50.11 58.67

96 Kambar-Shahdadkot Sindh 60.93 40.00 66.40 71.57 65.77

97 Jacobabad Sindh 60.80 42.86 53.93 71.94 74.47 28 Alif Ailaan Pakistan District Education Rankings 2015

Gender Province/ Education Enrolment Learning Retention Rank District/ Agency Parity Territory Score Score Score Score Score

98 Diamir GB 60.80 52.42 96.67 63.01 31.09

99 Pakpattan Punjab 60.70 55.24 87.94 58.07 41.56

100 Upper Dir KP 60.54 52.38 88.34 59.23 42.21

101 FR Peshawar FATA 60.27 69.40 45.83 71.05 54.79

102 Sherani Balochistan 60.17 30.48 88.51 72.53 49.19

103 Badin Sindh 60.06 33.33 68.89 64.65 73.37

104 Sujawal Sindh 59.47 48.34 83.33 56.78 49.43

105 Sukkur Sindh 59.44 55.24 67.92 53.25 61.34

106 Jamshoro Sindh 57.88 50.48 50.48 75.94 54.64

107 Mirpurkhas Sindh 57.77 45.71 48.96 57.52 78.90

108 Awaran Balochistan 57.52 29.52 59.05 86.48 55.03

109 Dera Bugti Balochistan 57.45 37.14 69.29 82.92 40.44

110 Tank KP 57.19 49.52 71.93 58.76 48.55

111 Dadu Sindh 57.01 53.33 64.59 67.83 42.29

112 Tando Allah Yar Sindh 56.99 48.57 58.10 56.38 64.94

113 Batagram KP 56.27 43.81 72.62 60.48 48.19

114 Gwadar Balochistan 56.15 10.48 53.33 83.38 77.40

115 FR Tank FATA 55.97 80.69 23.80 62.08 57.32

116 Naushehro Feroze Sindh 55.95 54.29 45.16 53.90 70.44

117 Sanghar Sindh 55.30 47.62 63.33 48.35 61.92

118 Zhob Balochistan 55.10 30.48 71.11 59.66 59.16

119 Kashmore-Kandhkot Sindh 55.00 40.00 68.89 57.72 53.41

120 Larkana Sindh 54.68 51.43 63.05 54.16 50.09

121 Shikarpur Sindh 54.59 45.71 56.90 59.95 55.81

122 Shangla KP 54.47 45.71 58.59 68.62 44.96

123 Khairpur Sindh 54.36 50.48 66.45 40.99 59.53

124 Tor Ghar KP 53.57 25.71 95.85 58.91 33.79

125 Loralai Balochistan 53.22 46.67 36.88 66.25 63.07

126 Ghotki Sindh 53.08 45.71 53.46 61.83 51.33

127 Chaghi Balochistan 52.97 34.29 46.44 78.04 53.14

128 Tando Muhammad Sindh 52.83 29.52 66.67 54.27 60.85 Khan

129 Kohistan KP 51.33 19.05 82.80 68.81 34.66 An Education Score based on Middle School Data 29

Gender Province/ Education Enrolment Learning Retention Rank District/ Agency Parity Territory Score Score Score Score Score

130 Musakhail Balochistan 51.32 20.00 50.00 78.63 56.64

131 Umerkot Sindh 50.67 43.81 55.83 47.08 55.97

132 Matiari Sindh 50.40 46.67 65.52 45.13 44.30

133 Lakki Marwat KP 50.01 61.90 63.50 33.96 40.65

134 Barkhan Balochistan 49.00 35.24 26.67 78.93 55.16

135 Kalat Balochistan 48.97 40.00 0.00 79.53 76.36

136 Washuk Balochistan 48.09 32.38 42.92 68.62 48.43

137 Thatta Sindh 48.01 27.62 33.33 58.80 72.28

138 Tharparkar Sindh 47.64 43.81 24.07 57.08 65.58

139 Dera Ghazi Khan Punjab 47.03 45.71 - 79.10 63.31

140 Shaheed Sindh 45.76 41.90 41.02 36.20 63.90 Benazirabad

141 Killa Abdullah Balochistan 44.78 45.71 8.33 78.85 46.23

142 Kohlu Balochistan 44.30 21.90 0.00 85.58 69.72

143 Nasirabad Balochistan 41.98 23.81 15.73 77.90 50.50

- Kurram Agency FATA - - - 57.25 72.12

- South Waziristan FATA - - - 68.03 50.88 Agency

- North Waziristan FATA - - - 61.28 51.68 Agency

- FR Kohat FATA - - - 57.04 36.96

- Lehri Balochistan - - 38.89 - -

4.1 Trends that emerge from the middle school education rankings:

Last year in the middle school rankings the top ten was entirely dominated by AJK and GB. This year the major change is that GB districts have dropped out of the top ten with only one district (Ghanchi) at 9th rank. n Bhimber (AJK) replaces Skardu, as the top district from last year. Overall, districts from AJK occupy four of the top fve ranks. n Punjab shows improvement over last year with two districts (Rawalpindi and Gujrat) in the top ten. n Panjgur jumps seven places to 5th rank while Islamabad drops 12 places to 24th. n The highest districts from FATA, KP and Sindh are Orakzai Agency (49th), Chitral (20th) and Karachi (45th). 30 Alif Ailaan Pakistan District Education Rankings 2015

5. School Infrastructure Score

The School Infrastructure Score is calculated using fve indicators that refect the condition of infrastructure and the availability of facilities:

Table 8: Components of the School Infrastructure Score

Variable Indicator Description Source

Availability of Electricity Proportion of schools with electricity NEMIS 2013-14

Availability of Water Proportion of schools with water NEMIS 2013-14

Availability of Toilet Proportion of schools with toilets NEMIS 2013-14 School Infrastructure Availability of Boundary Proportion of schools with a NEMIS 2013-14 Wall boundary wall

Building Condition Proportion of schools with a building NEMIS 2013-14 Satisfactory in satisfactory condition

The number of primary schools that meet the requisite conditions in each district is divided by the total number of primary schools in that district. This provides a numerical value for each indicator. The school score is the average of these fve indicators. Once again, each indicator is weighted equally.

School infrastructure score shows a much greater proportion of the scores below 40. Overall the state of infrastructure in Pakistani government schools is more varied than the state of educational outputs. In FATA, AJK and Balochistan less than 50% of schools can provide functional toilets or water. While Islamabad, Punjab and KP continue to perform, in this regard, at a rate better than the national average. However, Punjab climbs one rank replacing ICT at the top of the rankings.

Table 9: Provincial and National School Infrastructure Scores (Primary school)

Availability School Building Province/ Rank Change Infrastructure Condition Territory Boundary Scores Electricity Water Toilet Satisfactory Wall

2015 2014 2015 1 2 ↑ Punjab 86.89 74.26 94.20 91.68 87.10 87.19 2 1 ↓ ICT 86.60 98.43 92.67 95.29 96.86 49.74 3 3 ↔ KP 70.42 53.90 66.11 77.04 75.63 79.45 - - Pakistan 62.22 56.91 64.29 65.37 67.82 56.72 4 4 ↔ Sindh 47.19 47.60 48.57 54.17 57.00 28.61 5 6 ↑ GB 45.38 36.65 40.64 39.15 62.96 47.47 6 5 ↓ FATA 39.08 42.76 46.81 36.08 51.63 18.14 7 7 ↔ Balochistan 32.63 69.46 17.64 14.93 36.33 24.80

8 8 ↔ AJK 23.39 10.74 23.14 27.18 23.28 32.62 School Infrastructure Score 31

One other position change has occurred where GB climbed above FATA to the 5th rank.

The major improvement is in the case of GB where electricity, water and boundary wall availability has improved considerably. Overall GB’s school infrastructure score has improved by a whopping 23.80%.

Figure 3: Percentage change in School Infrastructure Score

Meanwhile ICT and AJK have witnessed a deterioration in school infrastructure scores.

Table 10 below presents the district school infrastructure ranking. Bannu (KP) tops the ranking as it did last year, while all the other nine districts in the top ten are from Punjab.

Table 10: District School Infrastructure Scores (Primary school)11

Availability School Building Province/ Rank District/ Agency Infrastructure Condition Territory Boundary Score Electricity Water Toilet Satisfactory Wall

1 Bannu KP 96.26 98.74 98.74 89.79 96.07 97.96

2 Gujrat Punjab 95.75 93.12 98.69 96.66 98.48 91.81

3 Vehari Punjab 93.37 90.45 96.54 95.97 92.88 91.01

4 Faisalabad Punjab 93.28 92.32 98.36 96.87 89.79 89.05

5 Sahiwal Punjab 93.04 94.15 99.58 94.43 89.14 87.88

6 Toba Tek Singh Punjab 93.02 91.73 98.74 95.37 88.50 90.74

7 Lahore Punjab 92.89 94.22 97.69 92.92 95.66 83.96

8 Chiniot Punjab 92.71 88.29 99.26 98.51 90.71 86.80

11 Two districts, Jhal Magsi and Nasirabad, have missing values for one data point each. 32 Alif Ailaan Pakistan District Education Rankings 2015

Availability School Building Province/ Rank District/ Agency Infrastructure Condition Territory Boundary Score Electricity Water Toilet Satisfactory Wall

9 Chakwal Punjab 92.48 82.68 94.96 95.95 96.07 92.75

10 Mandi Bahauddin Punjab 92.25 89.96 98.59 91.73 94.72 86.27

11 Kasur Punjab 92.12 85.92 98.18 93.55 93.28 89.65

12 Pakpattan Punjab 91.70 87.16 95.37 96.72 93.88 85.37

13 Multan Punjab 90.76 82.00 97.95 90.41 94.32 89.14

14 Khanewal Punjab 90.40 82.10 98.28 93.10 92.84 85.68

15 Swabi KP 90.14 84.50 86.43 94.23 92.40 93.17

16 Jhelum Punjab 90.05 87.03 88.11 93.87 95.14 86.13

17 Mardan KP 89.92 78.37 96.33 90.95 99.93 84.03

18 Lodhran Punjab 89.86 77.12 91.36 94.58 98.47 87.80

19 Okara Punjab 89.75 82.40 97.83 95.13 86.82 86.55

20 Attock Punjab 89.40 81.67 86.84 94.71 93.65 90.13

21 Bahawalpur Punjab 89.25 76.27 96.29 96.29 88.23 89.14

22 Sialkot Punjab 88.56 81.64 95.59 91.92 90.05 83.58

23 Gujranwala Punjab 88.33 76.65 96.74 91.07 92.27 84.89

24 Hafzabad Punjab 87.97 69.29 97.26 90.68 93.97 88.67

25 Jhang Punjab 87.86 74.81 98.94 95.52 81.56 88.47

26 Nankana Sahib Punjab 87.63 76.85 98.25 93.77 91.83 77.43

27 Mianwali Punjab 87.56 74.67 94.76 90.74 89.96 87.69

28 Muzaffargarh Punjab 86.71 76.20 96.76 92.65 81.88 86.05

29 Islamabad ICT 86.60 98.43 92.67 95.29 96.86 49.74

30 Narowal Punjab 86.58 70.91 96.17 91.20 91.20 83.44

31 Layyah Punjab 86.45 66.95 98.82 94.58 83.83 88.07

32 Kohat KP 86.06 72.28 74.12 97.70 99.69 86.52

33 Sheikhupura Punjab 86.05 66.00 95.62 89.88 91.34 87.42

34 Malakand KP 85.36 85.01 76.01 85.71 84.30 95.77

35 Rawalpindi Punjab 85.07 75.06 88.22 91.38 83.06 87.61

36 Bhakkar Punjab 84.55 67.50 97.61 91.49 84.13 82.03

37 Sargodha Punjab 84.35 81.25 91.39 86.88 84.03 78.19

38 Nowshera KP 83.55 73.63 75.46 91.38 94.26 83.03

39 Khushab Punjab 82.81 66.76 85.80 92.90 86.36 82.24

40 Bahawalnagar Punjab 82.53 64.43 88.93 88.65 82.05 88.60 School Infrastructure Score 33

Availability School Building Province/ Rank District/ Agency Infrastructure Condition Territory Boundary Score Electricity Water Toilet Satisfactory Wall

41 Charsadda KP 82.44 67.79 85.43 95.04 97.22 66.70

42 Peshawar KP 82.17 58.25 80.61 91.27 95.59 85.12

43 Rahim Yar Khan Punjab 81.57 63.15 91.38 90.50 84.08 78.76

44 Tank KP 78.00 68.89 58.33 88.33 90.00 84.44

45 Buner KP 77.05 56.89 67.42 83.31 86.71 90.92

46 Lakki Marwat KP 75.95 70.04 60.23 78.27 80.27 90.93

47 Dera Ismail Khan KP 75.16 56.37 72.75 80.20 76.71 89.75

48 Lower Dir KP 72.53 67.71 50.28 81.85 78.58 84.25

49 Karachi Sindh 72.24 97.17 60.82 84.57 85.91 32.74

50 Hangu KP 72.16 52.16 64.81 85.80 86.73 71.30

51 Rajanpur Punjab 70.60 21.23 82.19 86.02 79.38 84.21

52 Larkana Sindh 70.31 72.61 80.15 76.05 87.40 35.31

53 Haripur KP 69.87 55.35 59.12 75.84 71.87 87.16

54 Swat KP 66.97 52.85 59.58 74.78 65.94 81.73

55 Shaheed Sindh 66.64 90.37 71.87 67.99 65.20 37.76 Benazirabad

56 Chitral KP 65.19 33.85 69.41 66.15 61.49 95.03

57 Hyderabad Sindh 65.01 69.96 59.56 77.41 80.87 37.23

58 Hunza Nagar GB 63.56 71.11 66.67 84.44 73.33 22.22

59 Matiari Sindh 63.34 69.66 62.78 76.78 80.16 27.30

60 Karak KP 62.13 36.80 43.30 64.37 73.73 92.46

61 Khairpur Sindh 59.71 60.67 79.52 67.29 56.72 34.33

62 FR Peshawar FATA 59.66 44.07 61.86 44.07 83.05 65.25

63 Dera Ghazi Khan Punjab 59.45 23.73 80.34 68.57 53.16 71.45

64 Badin Sindh 59.18 92.03 61.05 60.40 44.56 37.87

65 Sukkur Sindh 58.63 59.48 72.40 70.61 67.85 22.80

66 Upper Dir KP 57.37 24.28 39.30 78.10 69.34 75.84

67 Gilgit GB 57.33 57.33 56.00 76.00 80.00 17.33

68 Tando Allah Yar Sindh 56.84 63.05 47.79 66.93 80.46 25.97

69 Naushehro Sindh 55.79 52.85 81.04 57.71 59.83 27.55 Feroze

70 FR Tank FATA 55.53 52.63 47.37 52.63 76.32 48.68

71 Ghizer GB 52.90 79.03 83.87 51.61 38.71 11.29 34 Alif Ailaan Pakistan District Education Rankings 2015

Availability School Building Province/ Rank District/ Agency Infrastructure Condition Territory Boundary Score Electricity Water Toilet Satisfactory Wall

72 Abbottabad KP 52.49 31.76 61.27 67.66 58.75 43.00

73 North Waziristan FATA 51.82 55.57 78.42 55.57 68.55 0.99 Agency

74 FR Kohat FATA 50.99 34.23 29.73 34.23 82.88 73.87

75 FR Bannu FATA 48.68 37.15 38.19 37.15 70.14 60.76

76 Shikarpur Sindh 48.56 44.70 56.30 54.38 69.14 18.27

77 Jamshoro Sindh 48.46 54.63 33.42 56.11 75.97 22.15

78 Dadu Sindh 46.58 49.77 38.22 49.82 65.39 29.67

79 FR Lakki Marwat FATA 45.19 28.57 38.96 28.57 72.73 57.14

80 Ghotki Sindh 44.71 27.95 68.48 44.96 57.49 24.69

81 Shangla KP 44.55 11.20 32.94 61.71 48.49 68.39

82 Bajaur Agency FATA 44.47 35.53 34.21 35.53 61.09 56.02

83 Kambar- Sindh 42.59 51.09 34.83 46.68 62.01 18.37 Shahdadkot

84 Tando Sindh 42.46 26.33 46.52 48.67 58.50 32.27 Muhammad Khan

85 Sanghar Sindh 41.85 34.16 41.31 50.09 57.14 26.58

86 Batagram KP 40.00 10.76 35.03 58.34 42.34 53.52

87 Mirpur AJK 39.95 39.42 36.98 33.09 54.01 36.25

88 Mansehra KP 39.79 24.95 40.45 44.69 41.04 47.83

89 Skardu GB 38.88 36.94 42.91 27.99 67.16 19.40

90 Chaghi Balochistan 38.63 85.78 12.25 35.29 34.80 25.00

91 Kurram Agency FATA 38.44 25.94 26.18 25.94 48.82 65.33

92 Kohistan KP 37.23 4.43 50.99 25.54 27.24 77.95

93 Umerkot Sindh 36.99 21.53 22.14 59.35 50.93 30.98

94 Quetta Balochistan 36.59 10.89 20.39 42.18 67.88 41.62

95 FR DI Khan FATA 36.15 28.44 29.36 28.44 57.80 36.70

96 Jacobabad Sindh 35.48 42.69 34.06 42.54 46.71 11.40

97 Mirpurkhas Sindh 35.30 31.93 28.95 43.32 45.19 27.13

98 Ghanchi GB 34.93 46.27 38.81 19.40 47.76 22.39

99 Gwadar Balochistan 33.30 55.34 20.39 35.92 43.69 11.17

100 Panjgur Balochistan 32.26 78.77 0.34 14.04 3.08 65.07

101 Muzaffarabad AJK 31.83 9.52 29.49 43.06 34.79 42.28 School Infrastructure Score 35

Availability School Building Province/ Rank District/ Agency Infrastructure Condition Territory Boundary Score Electricity Water Toilet Satisfactory Wall

102 Orakzai Agency FATA 31.70 16.75 13.83 16.75 51.21 59.95

103 Khuzdar Balochistan 31.31 47.46 14.36 20.84 33.10 40.81

104 South Waziristan FATA 31.23 26.15 16.35 26.15 37.31 50.19 Agency

105 Tor Ghar KP 31.17 1.88 20.66 35.68 41.31 56.34

106 Nushki Balochistan 30.71 27.10 18.71 47.10 41.29 19.35

107 Mohmand FATA 28.96 18.75 20.00 18.75 41.67 45.63 Agency

108 Bagh AJK 28.44 4.34 25.43 45.95 29.48 36.99

109 Lasbela Balochistan 27.72 43.98 15.56 29.46 32.37 17.22

110 Musakhail Balochistan 27.17 66.93 5.91 12.60 26.77 23.62

111 Kashmore- Sindh 26.66 21.68 40.78 24.77 34.31 11.77 Kandhkot

112 Hattian AJK 26.40 2.88 23.38 37.05 31.65 37.05

113 Tharparkar Sindh 25.88 3.89 17.68 36.95 39.38 31.51

114 Astor GB 25.85 23.08 13.85 38.46 27.69 26.15

115 Thatta Sindh 25.51 11.66 17.97 31.30 45.18 21.44

116 Bhimber AJK 25.51 19.08 29.47 20.53 24.88 33.57

117 Kalat Balochistan 25.00 20.97 12.10 26.34 47.58 18.01

118 Jhal Magsi Balochistan 24.94 40.00 0.43 9.36 - 74.89

119 Mastung Balochistan 24.57 6.83 5.12 31.40 66.21 13.31

120 Harnai Balochistan 24.20 7.69 8.39 38.46 45.45 20.98

121 Loralai Balochistan 24.01 27.85 12.87 13.68 27.85 37.79

122 Awaran Balochistan 23.79 88.35 0.97 6.31 19.42 3.88

123 Washuk Balochistan 23.31 68.97 6.90 4.14 17.93 18.62

124 Pishin Balochistan 23.18 20.44 18.88 20.44 37.63 18.49

125 Dera Bugti Balochistan 22.29 68.57 1.07 1.43 9.64 30.71

126 Zhob Balochistan 22.10 41.61 8.39 5.59 23.78 31.12

127 Diamir GB 20.78 24.81 43.41 10.85 13.18 11.63

128 Sujawal Sindh 20.21 11.55 13.98 27.58 27.39 20.56

129 Sibi Balochistan 20.19 32.06 8.13 33.97 15.79 11.00

130 Kharan Balochistan 19.89 50.86 2.86 8.57 23.43 13.71

131 Kech Balochistan 18.93 39.87 5.54 17.70 27.51 4.05 36 Alif Ailaan Pakistan District Education Rankings 2015

Availability School Building Province/ Rank District/ Agency Infrastructure Condition Territory Boundary Score Electricity Water Toilet Satisfactory Wall

132 Sherani Balochistan 18.60 32.48 5.73 21.66 14.01 19.11

133 Killa Abdullah Balochistan 17.84 9.83 15.72 7.37 33.66 22.60

134 Ziarat Balochistan 17.63 19.63 1.83 11.87 32.42 22.37

135 Kohlu Balochistan 15.96 38.15 3.49 1.25 16.21 20.70

136 Neelum AJK 15.71 3.20 26.03 10.50 4.57 34.25

137 Killa Saifullah Balochistan 15.68 34.56 5.98 6.37 12.55 18.92

138 Khyber Agency FATA 15.21 26.78 0.00 26.78 22.50 0.00

139 Sohbatpur Balochistan 15.05 12.70 20.85 4.23 17.59 19.87

140 Poonch AJK 14.98 1.78 11.74 23.67 11.92 25.80

141 Kachhi Balochistan 14.90 24.11 4.66 3.56 27.95 14.25

142 Barkhan Balochistan 14.89 21.16 1.59 0.18 25.04 26.46

143 Kotli AJK 14.73 10.14 15.28 15.28 9.62 23.32

144 Jaffarabad Balochistan 13.40 12.13 13.52 0.99 16.90 23.46

145 Nasirabad Balochistan 11.89 11.32 3.54 - 19.58 25.00

146 Haveli AJK 11.22 1.59 11.64 10.58 5.82 26.46

147 Sudhnutti AJK 10.37 1.97 13.80 10.14 9.01 16.90

- Lehri Balochistan ------

Trends that emerge from the primary school infrastructure rankings n Perhaps the most alarming change is the drop from 2nd to 29th of Islamabad. This is largely due to a drastic reduction in the proportion of schools with buildings which are considered in satisfactory condition (84.04 percent in 2014 to 49.74 percent in 2015). n Punjab dominates the top 40 ranks with only six districts from KP and Islamabad breaking in. D.G Khan (63rd) is the only district in Punjab outside the top 50 ranks. n On the other hand Karachi (50th) is the only district outside of Islamabad, KP and Punjab to crack the top 50. n The highest ranked districts from AJK, Balochistan, FATA and GB are Mirpur (87th), Chaghi (90th), FR Peshawar (62nd) and Hunza-Nagar (58th), respectively. School Infrastructure Score 37

6. A School Infrastructure Score based on Middle School Data

Since NEMIS aggregates school infrastructure data for middle and secondary schools, we were required to use aggregated middle and secondary school data for this exercise last year. However, this year NEMIS made data available for middle school only. The district level calculations are provided in Table 11.

6.1 Trends from the middle school infrastructure rankings n As with the primary school infrastructure rankings, Bannu tops the middle school infrastructure rankings. n Once again Punjab and KP dominate the top third of the rankings table. The frst district outside the two provinces is Islamabad at the 45th rank. n Hyderabad is the highest ranked district from Sindh (54th), while Hunza-Nagar (60th) from GB, Bajaur Agency (67th) from FATA, Mirpur (68th) from AJK and Chaghi (91st) from Balochistan.

Table 11: District School Infrastructure Scores (Middle school)

Availability School Building Province/ Rank District/ Agency Infrastructure Condition Territory Boundary Score Electricity Water Toilet Satisfactory Wall

1 Bannu KP 99.57 99.28 98.56 100.00 100.00 100.00

2 Hafzabad Punjab 98.27 93.27 100.00 99.04 100.00 99.04

3 Vehari Punjab 97.68 98.25 100.00 99.30 96.84 94.04

4 Faisalabad Punjab 97.54 97.95 99.59 98.36 98.16 93.65

5 Kasur Punjab 97.48 98.43 100.00 98.03 99.21 91.73

6 Charsadda KP 97.22 88.89 97.22 100.00 100.00 100.00

7 Pakpattan Punjab 97.14 98.70 99.35 98.70 99.35 89.61

8 Gujrat Punjab 97.01 98.13 100.00 97.66 98.60 90.65

9 Toba Tek Singh Punjab 96.86 98.61 100.00 98.61 98.95 88.15

10 Bahawalpur Punjab 96.85 94.14 99.27 99.63 98.90 92.31

11 Chakwal Punjab 96.59 94.31 98.10 97.16 97.63 95.73

12 Jhelum Punjab 96.55 97.12 99.28 97.12 96.40 92.81

13 Sahiwal Punjab 96.46 98.92 100.00 95.67 94.58 93.14

14 Lahore Punjab 96.44 96.80 99.09 95.89 98.17 92.24

15 Multan Punjab 96.30 98.15 100.00 93.52 98.61 91.20

16 Okara Punjab 96.28 96.72 99.64 98.18 94.53 92.34 38 Alif Ailaan Pakistan District Education Rankings 2015

Availability School Building Province/ Rank District/ Agency Infrastructure Condition Territory Boundary Score Electricity Water Toilet Satisfactory Wall

17 Sialkot Punjab 95.98 93.94 99.62 98.11 98.11 90.15

18 Mandi Punjab 95.89 98.68 99.34 97.35 98.68 85.43 Bahauddin

19 Khanewal Punjab 95.59 96.65 99.16 95.81 96.09 90.22

20 Chiniot Punjab 95.58 93.02 100.00 97.67 90.70 96.51

21 Gujranwala Punjab 95.53 94.24 100.00 96.95 97.63 88.81

22 Lodhran Punjab 95.49 96.48 98.59 98.59 99.30 84.51

23 Attock Punjab 95.29 94.61 96.57 100.00 97.06 88.24

24 Mardan KP 95.23 88.83 92.39 97.46 99.49 97.97

25 Jhang Punjab 95.16 95.60 100.00 99.45 90.66 90.11

26 Bhakkar Punjab 94.95 94.09 98.92 97.85 94.62 89.25

27 Bahawalnagar Punjab 94.86 93.58 95.25 96.65 94.13 94.69

28 Sargodha Punjab 94.74 95.34 99.18 97.81 97.53 83.84

29 Swabi KP 94.63 91.06 89.43 95.93 96.75 100.00

30 Narowal Punjab 94.59 93.08 98.11 96.23 94.97 90.57

31 Malakand KP 94.29 92.06 88.89 96.83 93.65 100.00

32 Layyah Punjab 94.11 88.38 99.59 98.34 97.93 86.31

33 Mianwali Punjab 94.10 92.95 98.72 95.51 94.87 88.46

34 Khushab Punjab 94.05 94.21 96.69 99.17 98.35 81.82

35 Kohat KP 93.73 85.54 84.34 100.00 100.00 98.80

36 Muzaffargarh Punjab 93.36 91.82 98.64 94.09 92.73 89.55

37 Sheikhupura Punjab 93.30 84.21 99.52 96.17 98.09 88.52

38 Nankana Sahib Punjab 93.09 94.24 99.28 97.12 96.40 78.42

39 Rahim Yar Khan Punjab 92.31 92.84 97.61 98.14 90.45 82.49

40 Rawalpindi Punjab 90.93 89.81 96.60 96.60 84.88 86.73

41 Peshawar KP 87.89 71.71 82.89 86.18 99.34 99.34

42 Nowshera KP 87.39 79.35 73.91 88.04 96.74 98.91

43 Chitral KP 87.27 72.73 85.23 96.59 81.82 100.00

44 Lakki Marwat KP 86.67 75.76 74.75 94.95 88.89 98.99

45 Islamabad ICT 86.33 100.00 91.67 98.33 98.33 43.33

46 Lower Dir KP 86.15 79.72 74.13 94.41 83.92 98.60

47 Tank KP 85.91 81.82 65.91 100.00 81.82 100.00 A School Infrastructure Score based on Middle School Data 39

Availability School Building Province/ Rank District/ Agency Infrastructure Condition Territory Boundary Score Electricity Water Toilet Satisfactory Wall

48 Karak KP 85.13 75.64 65.38 88.46 97.44 98.72

49 Dera Ismail KP 84.60 68.98 77.54 90.91 86.10 99.47 Khan

50 Buner KP 84.36 62.82 74.36 94.87 96.15 93.59

51 Rajanpur Punjab 83.33 53.33 88.89 96.67 91.11 86.67

52 Haripur KP 82.81 74.22 74.22 89.84 79.69 96.09

53 Hangu KP 82.22 61.11 69.44 91.67 91.67 97.22

54 Hyderabad Sindh 81.97 88.73 80.28 91.55 90.14 59.15

55 Dera Ghazi Punjab 81.70 62.23 94.15 93.09 77.13 81.91 Khan

56 Swat KP 80.61 78.79 71.97 82.58 74.24 95.45

57 Karachi Sindh 79.41 98.03 72.41 93.60 91.63 41.38

58 Abbottabad KP 77.50 57.39 76.14 90.34 71.02 92.61

59 Shaheed Sindh 76.95 92.37 81.36 85.59 82.20 43.22 Benazirabad

60 Hunza Nagar GB 74.48 75.86 96.55 96.55 89.66 13.79

61 Sukkur Sindh 72.53 80.72 87.95 90.36 85.54 18.07

62 Ghizer GB 72.50 91.67 95.83 70.83 79.17 25.00

63 Upper Dir KP 72.22 54.44 44.44 93.33 71.11 97.78

64 Larkana Sindh 72.22 77.78 79.17 72.22 90.28 41.67

65 Badin Sindh 71.59 85.05 67.29 86.92 73.83 44.86

66 Khairpur Sindh 69.21 73.30 89.01 83.25 78.01 22.51

67 Bajaur Agency FATA 67.50 58.33 62.50 58.33 79.17 79.17

68 Mirpur AJK 66.74 82.61 76.09 68.48 77.17 29.35

69 FR Peshawar FATA 66.25 50.00 75.00 50.00 93.75 62.50

70 FR Tank FATA 65.60 60.00 60.00 60.00 84.00 64.00

71 Shangla KP 64.41 33.82 50.00 72.06 69.12 97.06

72 Gilgit GB 64.32 75.68 72.97 86.49 78.38 8.11

73 Naushehro Sindh 63.83 66.67 79.63 73.46 77.78 21.60 Feroze

74 North Waziristan FATA 62.59 67.06 85.88 67.06 91.76 1.18 Agency

75 Matiari Sindh 61.90 66.67 52.38 71.43 80.95 38.10

76 Bhimber AJK 61.54 75.96 80.77 56.73 59.62 34.62 40 Alif Ailaan Pakistan District Education Rankings 2015

Availability School Building Province/ Rank District/ Agency Infrastructure Condition Territory Boundary Score Electricity Water Toilet Satisfactory Wall

77 FR DI Khan FATA 61.25 62.50 25.00 62.50 100.00 56.25

78 Mansehra KP 60.21 42.93 40.84 60.21 61.26 95.81

79 South Waziristan FATA 59.47 48.68 47.37 48.68 75.00 77.63 Agency

80 FR Bannu FATA 58.95 36.84 52.63 36.84 89.47 78.95

81 Sanghar Sindh 58.29 66.67 46.67 70.48 83.81 23.81

82 Orakzai Agency FATA 58.18 45.45 36.36 45.45 87.88 75.76

83 Kurram Agency FATA 57.74 45.28 45.28 45.28 77.36 75.47

84 Dadu Sindh 56.95 64.41 61.02 62.71 71.19 25.42

85 Ghotki Sindh 56.87 43.37 79.52 66.27 71.08 24.10

86 Jamshoro Sindh 56.67 83.33 26.67 63.33 80.00 30.00

87 Tando Sindh 55.86 48.28 41.38 75.86 79.31 34.48 Muhammad Khan

88 Mohmand FATA 55.63 46.88 43.75 46.88 73.44 67.19 Agency

89 FR Lakki Marwat FATA 54.67 33.33 40.00 33.33 86.67 80.00

90 Skardu GB 54.53 69.47 58.95 63.16 60.00 21.05

91 Chaghi Balochistan 53.57 78.57 21.43 75.00 64.29 28.57

92 Quetta Balochistan 51.91 3.37 41.57 78.65 92.13 43.82

93 Shikarpur Sindh 51.75 44.44 60.32 55.56 84.13 14.29

94 Tando Allah Yar Sindh 51.15 59.62 36.54 63.46 75.00 21.15

95 Nushki Balochistan 50.00 10.00 52.50 85.00 70.00 32.50

96 FR Kohat FATA 50.00 45.83 45.83 45.83 62.50 50.00

97 Lasbela Balochistan 49.80 28.57 36.73 85.71 69.39 28.57

98 Diamir GB 49.23 65.38 69.23 65.38 34.62 11.54

99 Ghanchi GB 48.95 60.53 52.63 52.63 55.26 23.68

100 Astor GB 48.82 38.24 55.88 82.35 35.29 32.35

101 Gwadar Balochistan 47.14 32.14 39.29 75.00 75.00 14.29

102 Kambar- Sindh 47.14 58.93 35.71 50.00 76.79 14.29 Shahdadkot

103 Jhal Magsi Balochistan 47.10 83.87 0.00 61.29 0.00 90.32

104 Hattian AJK 46.35 23.81 47.62 60.32 50.79 49.21

105 Khuzdar Balochistan 45.71 26.79 26.79 64.29 80.36 30.36 A School Infrastructure Score based on Middle School Data 41

Availability School Building Province/ Rank District/ Agency Infrastructure Condition Territory Boundary Score Electricity Water Toilet Satisfactory Wall

106 Harnai Balochistan 45.45 0.00 27.27 63.64 90.91 45.45

107 Mastung Balochistan 45.33 0.00 22.22 75.56 93.33 35.56

108 Musakhail Balochistan 45.33 66.67 13.33 53.33 60.00 33.33

109 Mirpurkhas Sindh 44.81 48.08 41.35 52.88 63.46 18.27

110 Batagram KP 44.00 4.44 28.89 62.22 46.67 77.78

111 Killa Abdullah Balochistan 43.43 17.14 31.43 48.57 74.29 45.71

112 Kohistan KP 41.62 8.11 41.89 31.08 29.73 97.30

113 Sherani Balochistan 41.54 15.38 7.69 76.92 61.54 46.15

114 Muzaffarabad AJK 41.49 20.15 39.55 59.70 51.49 36.57

115 Pishin Balochistan 41.33 7.62 32.38 60.00 78.10 28.57

116 Bagh AJK 40.88 16.88 37.50 56.25 45.63 48.13

117 Panjgur Balochistan 40.54 91.89 0.00 24.32 2.70 83.78

118 Umerkot Sindh 39.77 25.29 24.14 65.52 60.92 22.99

119 Jacobabad Sindh 39.65 54.39 28.07 36.84 70.18 8.77

120 Kashmore- Sindh 39.62 21.15 48.08 51.92 61.54 15.38 Kandhkot

121 Kharan Balochistan 38.52 22.22 40.74 55.56 55.56 18.52

122 Sibi Balochistan 38.52 11.11 18.52 81.48 81.48 0.00

123 Kohlu Balochistan 38.33 25.00 41.67 4.17 62.50 58.33

124 Poonch AJK 36.87 14.29 22.45 52.38 46.94 48.30

125 Thatta Sindh 36.54 19.23 23.08 44.23 76.92 19.23

126 Kalat Balochistan 36.52 10.87 17.39 65.22 80.43 8.70

127 Zhob Balochistan 36.43 17.86 32.14 28.57 75.00 28.57

128 Kotli AJK 35.56 44.44 45.10 43.14 27.45 17.65

129 Loralai Balochistan 35.09 28.30 15.09 32.08 69.81 30.19

130 Killa Saifullah Balochistan 34.36 20.51 30.77 23.08 61.54 35.90

131 Kech Balochistan 33.88 27.06 24.71 55.29 51.76 10.59

132 Sujawal Sindh 33.79 10.34 13.79 51.72 75.86 17.24

133 Ziarat Balochistan 32.80 4.00 8.00 60.00 64.00 28.00

134 Awaran Balochistan 31.54 80.77 3.85 34.62 34.62 3.85

135 Jaffarabad Balochistan 31.36 9.09 40.91 29.55 59.09 18.18

136 Khyber Agency FATA 30.45 54.55 0.00 54.55 43.18 0.00 42 Alif Ailaan Pakistan District Education Rankings 2015

Availability School Building Province/ Rank District/ Agency Infrastructure Condition Territory Boundary Score Electricity Water Toilet Satisfactory Wall

137 Tor Ghar KP 29.60 4.00 16.00 24.00 20.00 84.00

138 Tharparkar Sindh 29.55 7.69 20.65 46.96 45.75 26.72

139 Washuk Balochistan 29.41 41.18 5.88 29.41 35.29 35.29

140 Kachhi Balochistan 28.28 3.45 17.24 41.38 65.52 13.79

141 Haveli AJK 25.85 9.76 46.34 34.15 24.39 14.63

142 Sudhnutti AJK 23.91 29.89 32.18 29.89 11.49 16.09

143 Sohbatpur Balochistan 23.85 3.85 23.08 26.92 53.85 11.54

144 Barkhan Balochistan 21.67 12.50 4.17 12.50 62.50 16.67

145 Dera Bugti Balochistan 20.56 50.00 8.33 2.78 25.00 16.67

146 Neelum AJK 20.00 3.23 19.35 16.13 9.68 51.61

147 Nasirabad Balochistan 20.00 3.70 3.70 22.22 62.96 7.41

- Lehri Balochistan

7. What would the Rankings look like if Different Indicators were Used

As highlighted in the limitations section earlier creating rankings and indices involve multiple decisions about which datasets and which indicators to use. One method of examining the robustness of the exercise is to calculate the same rankings while using alternative indicators.

Net enrolment rate instead of gross enrolment rate

Perhaps the most common critique of the district rankings over the last couple of years has been the use of the gross enrolment rate instead of the net enrolment rate to calculate the enrolment scores. Net enrolment rates are available from the PSLMS, but only for districts in the four provinces and Islamabad. On the other hand gross enrolment rates are available from ASER for other regions: AJK, FATA and GB.

We have attempted to calculate an alternative rankings using NER to test whether the rankings would change drastically. The results are presented in Table 12.

It is important to highlight that due to the use of NER instead of GER we are left with 115 districts instead of the 141 included in the main rankings. What would the Rankings look like if Different Indicators were Used 43

Table 12: District Education Scores (Primary School) with NER

Gender Province/ Education Enrolment Learning Retention Rank District/ Agency Parity Territory Score Score Score Score Score

1 Rawalpindi Punjab 85.66 87.00 71.23 90.94 93.47

2 Chakwal Punjab 83.94 93.00 56.31 88.67 97.79

3 Islamabad ICT 83.13 91.00 58.88 87.55 95.10

4 Lahore Punjab 82.13 80.00 62.54 93.36 92.61

5 Sheikhupura Punjab 80.58 72.00 56.01 95.02 99.30

6 Mandi Bahauddin Punjab 80.40 88.00 60.73 75.36 97.51

7 Haripur KP 80.39 83.00 54.90 86.24 97.40

8 Toba Tek Singh Punjab 79.57 80.00 76.05 73.80 88.42

9 Faisalabad Punjab 79.47 78.00 59.78 83.78 96.30

10 Attock Punjab 79.38 78.00 55.20 86.36 97.98

11 Sialkot Punjab 78.02 86.00 47.17 86.16 92.76

12 Gujrat Punjab 77.78 86.00 64.09 68.01 93.03

13 Narowal Punjab 77.40 81.00 61.01 73.07 94.52

14 Malakand KP 76.92 76.00 41.08 92.38 98.24

15 Mardan KP 76.90 78.00 58.62 82.21 88.75

16 Swabi KP 76.79 86.00 51.52 82.56 87.07

17 Jhelum Punjab 76.09 90.00 47.07 69.60 97.69

18 Hafzabad Punjab 75.85 77.00 63.41 68.88 94.09

19 Nowshera KP 75.42 80.00 52.11 78.63 90.95

20 Gujranwala Punjab 75.21 78.00 43.27 86.14 93.42

21 Karak KP 74.90 75.00 37.26 88.61 98.72

22 Abbottabad KP 74.27 85.00 37.57 83.39 91.13

23 Chitral KP 74.08 73.00 31.97 95.51 95.84

24 Sargodha Punjab 74.01 78.00 58.39 68.32 91.32

25 Charsadda KP 73.52 78.00 55.47 73.04 87.58

26 Mansehra KP 72.03 75.00 63.28 55.77 94.07

27 Okara Punjab 71.46 80.00 52.47 63.02 90.33

28 Quetta Balochistan 71.33 77.00 64.14 68.88 75.30

29 Jhang Punjab 71.10 68.00 68.39 57.20 90.82

30 Layyah Punjab 70.80 84.00 52.13 58.94 88.16

31 Sahiwal Punjab 70.71 71.00 50.80 67.47 93.57 44 Alif Ailaan Pakistan District Education Rankings 2015

Gender Province/ Education Enrolment Learning Retention Rank District/ Agency Parity Territory Score Score Score Score Score

32 Khanewal Punjab 70.21 72.00 67.50 54.41 86.92

33 Karachi Sindh 69.93 75.00 66.19 50.54 88.00

34 Bhakkar Punjab 69.90 74.00 75.25 58.85 71.48

35 Kech Balochistan 69.29 68.00 43.90 80.57 84.70

36 Kasur Punjab 69.15 70.00 47.68 63.21 95.69

37 Peshawar KP 68.37 76.00 50.94 69.63 76.89

38 Vehari Punjab 67.51 63.00 56.23 60.34 90.46

39 Pakpattan Punjab 67.13 69.00 65.26 53.42 80.83

40 Hyderabad Sindh 66.20 72.00 48.61 57.87 86.32

41 Mianwali Punjab 66.17 72.00 55.05 60.67 76.96

42 Bannu KP 66.14 67.00 45.58 66.00 85.98

43 Khushab Punjab 66.03 78.00 45.67 58.16 82.31

44 Multan Punjab 65.48 69.00 48.52 58.71 85.71

45 Nankana Sahib Punjab 65.34 74.00 68.78 26.42 92.16

46 Lodhran Punjab 65.15 62.00 55.65 55.57 87.37

47 Chiniot Punjab 64.54 70.00 62.52 59.35 66.29

48 Bahawalnagar Punjab 64.06 58.00 56.98 50.72 90.54

49 Killa Saifullah Balochistan 63.79 82.00 70.07 34.76 68.32

50 Kohat KP 63.48 69.00 39.66 74.53 70.72

51 Swat KP 63.28 64.00 38.01 63.99 87.12

52 Naushehro Feroze Sindh 63.26 67.00 34.12 70.90 81.03

53 Dadu Sindh 62.99 72.00 40.40 55.71 83.86

54 Sukkur Sindh 62.86 64.00 50.60 64.00 72.85

55 Mastung Balochistan 62.68 84.00 18.04 65.02 83.64

56 Larkana Sindh 62.23 71.00 36.57 74.41 66.94

57 Tor Ghar KP 61.67 44.00 52.21 76.25 74.21

58 Buner KP 61.48 72.00 36.87 65.14 71.90

59 Rahim Yar Khan Punjab 61.26 49.00 64.96 50.64 80.44

60 Lakki Marwat KP 60.85 59.00 37.82 74.47 72.11

61 Dera Ismail Khan KP 60.84 50.00 41.56 66.32 85.47

62 Gwadar Balochistan 60.61 79.00 17.91 75.38 70.17

63 Ziarat Balochistan 60.60 62.00 37.65 64.00 78.76

64 Kharan Balochistan 60.26 64.00 62.00 55.41 59.62 What would the Rankings look like if Different Indicators were Used 45

Gender Province/ Education Enrolment Learning Retention Rank District/ Agency Parity Territory Score Score Score Score Score

65 Bahawalpur Punjab 59.69 49.00 58.66 47.71 83.38

66 Sibi Balochistan 59.37 64.00 26.33 64.84 82.31

67 Ghotki Sindh 59.16 58.00 44.51 64.68 69.46

68 Lower Dir KP 58.95 62.00 25.01 76.08 72.69

69 Khairpur Sindh 58.45 64.00 30.30 60.43 79.06

70 Shaheed Sindh 58.20 59.00 21.78 72.40 79.63 Benazirabad

71 Muzaffargarh Punjab 57.88 61.00 54.70 37.02 78.81

72 Zhob Balochistan 57.86 45.00 50.09 61.39 74.95

73 Hangu KP 57.64 60.00 30.38 73.41 66.77

74 Sanghar Sindh 57.47 60.00 49.01 49.25 71.64

75 Tando Allah Yar Sindh 57.37 51.00 34.67 66.37 77.43

76 Nushki Balochistan 56.53 53.00 34.15 57.10 81.88

77 Jhal Magsi Balochistan 56.44 63.00 51.48 49.59 61.71

78 Shikarpur Sindh 56.31 57.00 26.14 64.00 78.11

79 Tank KP 55.86 47.00 37.27 49.85 89.31

80 Lasbela Balochistan 55.11 42.00 51.58 53.44 73.40

81 Awaran Balochistan 54.47 47.00 20.41 72.86 77.60

82 Upper Dir KP 54.38 54.00 35.54 59.42 68.55

83 Jacobabad Sindh 53.67 57.00 25.18 41.50 90.98

84 Khuzdar Balochistan 53.13 61.00 28.95 31.21 91.35

85 Matiari Sindh 53.05 54.00 30.51 50.95 76.74

86 Shangla KP 52.56 50.00 34.09 57.26 68.87

87 Pishin Balochistan 52.26 55.00 31.54 45.74 76.76

88 Kambar- Sindh 52.14 59.00 26.93 52.46 70.16 Shahdadkot

89 Kashmore- Sindh 51.85 49.00 22.81 63.65 71.92 Kandhkot

90 Tharparkar Sindh 50.73 60.00 29.88 28.42 84.63

91 Badin Sindh 50.56 48.00 46.25 37.44 70.55

92 Jaffarabad Balochistan 50.56 47.00 55.35 35.44 64.44

93 Batagram KP 50.03 61.00 52.40 29.04 57.66

94 Mirpurkhas Sindh 49.32 51.00 31.98 39.30 74.98

95 Kalat Balochistan 48.53 58.00 13.22 33.51 89.39 46 Alif Ailaan Pakistan District Education Rankings 2015

Gender Province/ Education Enrolment Learning Retention Rank District/ Agency Parity Territory Score Score Score Score Score

96 Sherani Balochistan 48.43 54.00 36.44 39.22 64.06

97 Dera Ghazi Khan Punjab 47.99 70.00 11.25 35.82 74.91

98 Umerkot Sindh 46.70 50.00 35.12 28.96 72.73

99 Jamshoro Sindh 46.55 51.00 17.07 50.06 68.07

100 Tando Muhammad Sindh 46.12 42.00 31.32 40.47 70.67 Khan

101 Rajanpur Punjab 45.54 51.00 45.34 29.52 56.29

102 Barkhan Balochistan 45.04 67.00 17.07 45.03 51.05

103 Chaghi Balochistan 43.37 40.00 37.06 46.08 50.35

104 Loralai Balochistan 41.20 48.00 31.90 19.36 65.53

105 Thatta Sindh 40.93 34.00 34.32 14.75 80.63

106 Harnai Balochistan 40.71 39.00 20.10 47.42 56.31

107 Kohistan KP 40.22 40.00 42.88 25.40 52.61

108 Kachhi Balochistan 38.95 47.00 18.18 50.18 40.43

109 Nasirabad Balochistan 35.33 38.00 8.14 41.28 53.91

110 Washuk Balochistan 34.56 50.00 15.22 21.87 51.16

111 Kohlu Balochistan 32.64 47.00 20.72 18.26 44.58

112 Panjgur Balochistan 31.45 6.10 54.29 65.40

113 Musakhail Balochistan 28.73 34.00 26.59 23.03 31.30

114 Dera Bugti Balochistan 28.58 13.00 11.50 47.88 41.93

115 Killa Abdullah Balochistan 27.50 34.00 11.75 31.10 33.16

- Sohbatpur Balochistan 18.51 - 45.16 - 28.87

- Sujawal Sindh 4.58 - 18.33 - -

- Lehri Balochistan 1.93 - 7.70 - -

Trends that emerge from the alternative rankings using NER instead of GER n Seven of the top ten ranked districts remain the same, with Rawalpindi occupying the top spot as well. n At the other end of the table, Killa Abdullah once again fnishes last in the rankings. n Broadly the same patterns appear to run through the rest of the table as well, suggesting that the choice of GER over NER did not result in a loss of robustness in the ranking.12

12 However, it is important to note two things. First, while it may be appropriate to use GER instead of NER currently, the two indicators measure different phenomena. Second, to truly establish that the difference between the two is irrelevant would require to prove that the difference is statistically insignifcant. What would the Rankings look like if Different Indicators were Used 47

n However, a few changes are noteworthy. Districts from Sindh see an improvement in their rankings. Karachi is ranked 33rd and Hyderabad 40th. This is probably due to the exclusion of AJK and GB districts from the rankings, which allows other districts to move up on the table.

Provincial test scores instead of ASER

One more way of changing the components of the rankings calculation is to use test scores other than the ASER test scores. This is not currently possible for all districts in the country. Out of all the administrations of provinces and territories, tests scores are only available for Sindh (Standardised Assessment) and Punjab (Punjab Examination Commission). Not all of these data are available in an aggregated form at the district level. The most recent data for Punjab are from 2010.

Table 13: District Education Scores (Primary School) with NER and SAT scores

Education Enrolment Learning Retention Gender Parity Rank District / Agency Score Score Score Score Score

1 Karachi 52.33 75.00 40.75 50.54 43.02 2 Naushehro Feroze 61.96 67.00 28.89 70.90 81.03 3 Hyderabad 61.86 72.00 31.26 57.87 86.32 4 Dadu 60.68 72.00 31.16 55.71 83.86 5 Shaheed Benazirabad 60.50 59.00 30.97 72.40 79.63 6 Larkana 59.67 71.00 26.34 74.41 66.94 7 Khairpur 57.84 64.00 27.87 60.43 79.06 8 Sukkur 56.94 64.00 26.89 64.00 72.85 9 Tando Allah Yar 55.98 51.00 29.12 66.37 77.43 10 Shikarpur 55.62 57.00 23.37 64.00 78.11 11 Ghotki 54.21 58.00 24.70 64.68 69.46 12 Jacobabad 53.47 57.00 24.40 41.50 90.98 13 Sanghar 53.10 60.00 31.50 49.25 71.64 14 Kashmore-Kandhkot 52.14 49.00 23.99 63.65 71.92 15 Matiari 51.77 54.00 25.41 50.95 76.74 16 Kambar-Shahdadkot 51.48 59.00 24.32 52.46 70.16 17 Tharparkar 50.72 60.00 29.84 28.42 84.63 18 Jamshoro 49.03 51.00 26.98 50.06 68.07 19 Mirpurkhas 49.01 51.00 30.76 39.30 74.98 20 Umerkot 45.65 50.00 30.94 28.96 72.73 21 Badin 45.62 48.00 26.48 37.44 70.55 22 Tando Muhammad Khan 45.60 42.00 29.24 40.47 70.67 23 Thatta 38.19 34.00 23.36 14.75 80.63 - Sujawal - - - - - 48 Alif Ailaan Pakistan District Education Rankings 2015

The SAT – II test data are available for 2013-14 which are aggregated at the district level. Unlike the ASER test scores, which tests literacy in English and in Urdu (or regional language) and numeracy, the SAT scores provide an average of language scores, math scores and science scores. In Table 13, below, we have re-done the primary school rankings by including the NER instead of GER as a measure for enrolment and an average of SAT scores (along with literacy rate) instead of ASER scores. It is important to note that both the SAT and ASER test scores are from 2014 for class 5.

Trends that emerge from the alternative rankings using SAT instead of ASER n Interestingly the same districts occupy top place (Karachi) and bottom place (Thatta). n Overall the SAT test data lead to a reduction in the learning score leading to much lower education scores. n This appears to be across the board and therefore does not affect the rankings greatly. But it does suggest that ASER overestimates the learning outcomes of children in Sindh.

8. Holding our Elected Representatives Accountable

Since one of the objectives of the Alif Ailaan Pakistan District Education Rankings is to stimulate political competitiveness on better education outcomes, this year we sought to report on the education rankings performance of districts from which parliamentary leaders of major political parties are elected. The tables below highlight the performance of districts and the number of times political leaders have been elected from these constituencies, for the national assembly and each of the provincial assemblies.

Table 14: Ranks of districts of national representatives

Number of Rank (out of Elected representative Offce Political party District times elected 148 districts) from district Mian Nawaz Sharif Prime Minister PML-N Lahore 3 7 MNA and Leader of Syed Khursheed Shah PPP Sukkur 73 7 Opposition MNA and Parliamentary Amir Haider Khan ANP Mardan 24 2 Leader Senator and Siraj-ul-Haq JI Lower Dir 78 2 Parliamentary Leader Maulana Fazl-ur- MNA and Parliamentary Dera Ismail JUI-F 74 5 Rahman Leader Khan Dr. Khalid Maqbool MNA and Parliamentary MQM Hyderabad 62 1 Siddiqui Leader MNA and Parliamentary Chaudhry Pervaiz Elahi PML-Q Gujrat 19 7 Leader MNA and Parliamentary Imran Khan PTI Rawalpindi 1 1 Leader Mehmood Khan MNA and Parliamentary PKMAP Quetta 45 4 Achakzai Leader Holding our Elected Representatives Accountable 49

Table 15: Ranks of districts of provincial representatives

Number of Rank (out of Politician Offce Political party District times elected 148 districts) from district

Balochistan

Dr. Abdul Malik Baloch Chief Minister NP Kech 53 3

Leader of Moulana Abdul Wasay JUI-F Killa Saifullah 70 6 opposition

Khyber Pakhtunkhwa

Chief Minister, Pervaiz Khattak PTI Nowshera 25 5 KP

Leader of Dera Ismail Maulana Lutf-ur-Rahman JUI-F 74 2 opposition Khan

Punjab

Mian Shahbaz Sharif Chief Minister PMLN Lahore 3 6

Mian Mahmood ur Leader of PTI Lahore 3 3 Rashid opposition

Sindh

Syed Qaim Ali Shah Chief Minister PPP Khairpur 98 7

Leader of Khawaja Izhar-ul-Hassan MQM Karachi 43 2 opposition

From the top political party leaders of the country in parliament, among the worst performing districts, as highlighted in Table 14, are Lower Dir (Siraj-ul-Haq, JI), Dera Ismail Khan (Fazl-ur- Rahman, JUI-F) and Sukkur (Syed Khursheed Shah, PPP). Meanwhile, the highest ranked districts are Rawalpindi (Imran Khan, PTI) and Lahore (Prime Minister Nawaz Sharif, PML-N).

When looking at provincial representatives (Table 15) the rankings of Killa Saifullah (Moulana Abdul Wasay, JUI-F), Khairpur (Syed Qaim Ali Shah, PPP) and Dera Ismail Khan (Maulana Lutf-ur-Rahman) are the worst.

Some uncomfortable truths emerge from this data. Notably, from the provincial representatives, the current Sindh Chief Minister Qaim Ali Shah, a seven-time winner, has been repeatedly unable to improve the education rankings in his district. This seems to be the case with a number of districts mentioned in Table 15.

Sindh is the only province where the ranking of the leader of opposition’s district is better than the respective chief minister’s.

The performance of the Punjab is commendable; however it may also highlight the Lahore-centric discourse in that province. 50 Alif Ailaan Pakistan District Education Rankings 2015

The religious parties, in particular, the Jamaat e Islami and the Jamiat e Ulema e Islam (F) are both very vocal and active on certain education issues (like curriculum), and both parties express strong support for education for all children – however both parties’ leaders districts fare very poorly. What could be the reason for this discrepancy? Especially since these two parties collectively ruled the KPK province from 2002 to 2008.

Many questions arise from these tables. They need to be answered if education has any chance at being truly central to the Pakistani national discourse. Without such a centrality, the topic of education will continue to struggle to gain the attention of Pakistan’s decision-makers, and thereby continue to be neglected as it always has been.

9. Conclusions

The Alif Ailaan District Education Rankings 2015 are the third annual instalment of the rankings. This year’s rankings covered all 148 districts, agencies and frontier regions of the country, providing an overview of the state of education – both educational outputs and inputs – in the country.

This year’s rankings show the entrenchment of Punjab districts at the top of the rankings. Eight of the top ten districts are from the Punjab. At the other end of the table Balochistan continues to languish at the bottom. A staggering nine of the bottom ten districts are from Balochistan.

This does not mean, however, the whole province of Punjab has improved. A number of districts from the Punjab (led by Dera Ghazi Khan and Rajanpur) have seen a decline in their education performance. Overall, therefore, Punjab has dropped below Azad Jammu and Kashmir in the provincial rankings.

Districts from AJK perform the most consistently in the entire country. All ten districts rank between 13th and 48th. Gilgit-Baltistan, like AJK, also continued to perform well despite strong resource constraints. This is testament to the strong societal culture which places emphasis on education that both territories do so well.

Khyber Pakhtunkhwa shows a mix of good and middling districts. Overall, KP has improved slightly and now occupies 5th place above Sindh. On the other hand Sindh’s continued poor performance is highlighted by the fact that only one of its districts is in the top 50, while half of its districts are ranked in the bottom third.

Overall, the national education score average dipped 0.74% after having grown by 2.30% in year 2014. The slight decline is statistically negligible.

The rankings data highlight two very important fndings which ought to be relevant to policymakers.

First, there continues to be a very weak relationship between education outputs like literacy, enrolment, retention and test scores with school infrastructure. While infrastructure is always going to Conclusions 51

be necessary for the functioning of schools, it will also be an insuffcient condition for improving the quality of education.

Second, quality of education is the main challenge for the education system beyond simply focusing on universal enrolment or gender parity. This is highlighted by the poor learning scores across the board for all districts and provinces.

With the third instalment of the Alif Ailaan district education rankings we now have enough data to generate a trend. We hope that through this endeavor we are able to engender a healthy level of competition between provinces and districts.

Moving beyond the headline rankings we continued to calculate similar rankings tables for middle schools using the same data sources. Additionally, this year we also began checking the robustness of our ranking exercise by testing alternative indicators. By using Net Enrolment Rate (NER) and provincial test scores (in case of Sindh) we examined how different the rankings result would be. As it turns out, not very different. This is a good sign for the data that we use.

We hope that this exercise continues to fuel animated discussions about the state of education in Pakistan and competition arises between districts and provinces to out-rank each other. We also hope that we will bring greater attention to the data which are available and the limitations and challenges of these data. It is through this kind of engagement with the data gathered that the data regime in education in Pakistan can be improved over time. 52 Alif Ailaan Pakistan District Education Rankings 2015

Annex-1. Provincial Education Scores Azad Jammu and Kashmir

National Provincial Education Enrolment Learning Retention Gender District / Agency Rank Rank Score Score Score Score Parity Score 13 1 Mirpur 78.78 79.27 59.76 80.12 95.97 16 2 Bagh 78.28 79.11 58.08 80.95 94.98 17 3 Haveli 78.25 76.50 71.94 73.90 90.66 18 4 Kotli 77.99 78.29 59.86 78.68 95.12 23 5 Bhimber 77.15 78.86 57.64 80.12 91.96 28 6 Hattian 76.68 77.89 63.68 76.50 88.64 33 7 Neelum 75.23 69.84 68.95 77.08 85.04 38 8 Poonch 73.97 79.11 39.93 81.55 95.30 42 9 Muzaffarabad 72.93 74.88 46.03 76.60 94.22 49 10 Sudhnutti 71.10 74.63 43.07 81.62 85.07 Balochistan

National Provincial Education Enrolment Learning Retention Gender District / Agency Rank Rank Score Score Score Score Parity Score 45 1 Quetta 72.13 80.18 64.14 68.88 75.30 53 2 Kech 69.50 68.83 43.90 80.57 84.70 70 3 Killa Saifullah 64.44 84.59 70.07 34.76 68.32 75 4 Mastung 62.94 85.04 18.04 65.02 83.64 76 5 Kharan 62.93 74.69 62.00 55.41 59.62 77 6 Gwadar 62.58 86.85 17.91 75.38 70.17 79 7 Ziarat 62.46 69.44 37.65 64.00 78.76 83 8 Sibi 62.12 75.01 26.33 64.84 82.31 87 9 Nushki 59.43 64.60 34.15 57.10 81.88 92 10 Zhob 58.69 48.35 50.09 61.39 74.95 97 11 Lasbela 58.04 53.74 51.58 53.44 73.40 100 12 Jhal Magsi 57.25 66.22 51.48 49.59 61.71 105 13 Khuzdar 55.16 69.14 28.95 31.21 91.35 106 14 Pishin 55.01 66.03 31.54 45.74 76.76 109 15 Awaran 53.89 44.69 20.41 72.86 77.60 115 16 Panjgur 51.18 78.91 6.10 54.29 65.40 118 17 Jaffarabad 50.01 44.83 55.35 35.44 64.44 120 18 Kalat 49.79 63.02 13.22 33.51 89.39 122 19 Sherani 48.84 55.64 36.44 39.22 64.06 128 20 Barkhan 45.87 70.35 17.07 45.03 51.05 129 21 Chaghi 45.16 47.15 37.06 46.08 50.35 130 22 Loralai 44.11 59.65 31.90 19.36 65.53 134 23 Harnai 40.73 39.08 20.10 47.42 56.31 135 24 Kachhi 40.29 52.39 18.18 50.18 40.43 136 25 Nasirabad 35.63 39.20 8.14 41.28 53.91 137 26 Washuk 35.40 53.36 15.22 21.87 51.16 138 27 Kohlu 33.40 50.03 20.72 18.26 44.58 139 28 Sohbatpur 31.17 50.63 45.16 - 28.87 140 29 Musakhail 30.34 40.42 26.59 23.03 31.30 141 30 Dera Bugti 28.99 14.65 11.50 47.88 41.93 142 31 Killa Abdullah 28.04 36.14 11.75 31.10 33.16 - - Lehri 14.78 51.42 7.70 - - Annexes 53

Federally Administered Tribal Areas

National Provincial Education Enrolment Learning Retention Gender District / Agency Rank Rank Score Score Score Score Parity Score

66 1 FR Tank 66.06 70.49 49.62 47.49 96.64 67 2 FR Bannu 65.90 62.60 53.33 58.56 89.09 86 3 Orakzai Agency 59.68 78.62 64.45 38.79 56.86 99 4 Bajaur Agency 57.43 59.59 34.32 63.25 72.56 101 5 Mohmand Agency 57.17 57.24 72.47 40.12 58.85 104 6 Khyber Agency 56.31 69.19 54.22 42.97 58.85 116 7 FR Peshawar 51.09 73.50 12.30 50.21 68.34 127 8 FR DI Khan 47.30 70.65 42.93 28.72 46.89 132 9 FR Lakki Marwat 42.56 55.12 19.39 26.78 68.94 - - FR Kohat 39.55 - - 71.40 86.79 - - Kurram Agency 36.24 - - 71.72 73.23 - - South Waziristan Agency 29.21 - - 44.18 72.68 - - North Waziristan Agency 26.45 - - 32.50 73.31

Gilgit-Baltistan

National Provincial Education Enrolment Learning Retention Gender District / Agency Rank Rank Score Score Score Score Parity Score

14 1 Skardu 78.58 72.60 57.46 97.56 86.70 21 2 Hunza Nagar 77.33 74.55 54.29 84.64 95.85 32 3 Astor 75.86 71.22 65.43 75.23 91.54 35 4 Gilgit 74.88 69.92 54.12 80.22 95.27 52 5 Ghizer 69.58 76.26 55.73 61.02 85.30 54 6 Ghanchi 68.79 71.95 50.63 56.05 96.55 95 7 Diamir 58.36 38.54 69.65 77.90 47.34

Islamabad Capital Territory

National Provincial Education Enrolment Learning Retention Gender District / Agency Rank Rank Score Score Score Score Parity Score

5 1 Islamabad 83.96 94.31 58.88 87.55 95.10 54 Alif Ailaan Pakistan District Education Rankings 2015

Khyber Pakhtunkhwa

National Provincial Education Enrolment Learning Retention Gender District / Agency Rank Rank Score Score Score Score Parity Score

4 1 Haripur 83.97 97.33 54.90 86.24 97.40 15 2 Malakand 78.39 81.88 41.08 92.38 98.24 24 3 Mardan 77.05 78.62 58.62 82.21 88.75 25 4 Nowshera 77.05 86.50 52.11 78.63 90.95 29 5 Swabi 76.64 85.39 51.52 82.56 87.07 30 6 Chitral 76.61 83.14 31.97 95.51 95.84 31 7 Abbottabad 76.13 92.43 37.57 83.39 91.13 34 8 Karak 75.23 76.33 37.26 88.61 98.72 36 9 Mansehra 74.54 85.06 63.28 55.77 94.07 40 10 Charsadda 73.51 77.96 55.47 73.04 87.58 55 11 Peshawar 68.53 76.64 50.94 69.63 76.89 63 12 Swat 67.11 79.30 38.01 63.99 87.12 64 13 Bannu 67.00 70.45 45.58 66.00 85.98 68 14 Kohat 65.04 75.24 39.66 74.53 70.72 69 15 Tor Ghar 64.55 55.54 52.21 76.25 74.21 71 16 Buner 63.83 81.43 36.87 65.14 71.90 74 17 Dera Ismail Khan 63.03 58.78 41.56 66.32 85.47 78 18 Lower Dir 62.54 76.38 25.01 76.08 72.69 85 19 Lakki Marwat 61.49 61.55 37.82 74.47 72.11 93 20 Hangu 58.46 63.29 30.38 73.41 66.77 96 21 Upper Dir 58.21 69.32 35.54 59.42 68.55 103 22 Tank 56.70 50.38 37.27 49.85 89.31 107 23 Shangla 54.97 59.65 34.09 57.26 68.87 111 24 Batagram 53.53 75.00 52.40 29.04 57.66 133 25 Kohistan 41.44 44.88 42.88 25.40 52.61 Annexes 55

Punjab

National Provincial Education Enrolment Learning Retention Gender District / Agency Rank Rank Score Score Score Score Parity Score

1 1 Rawalpindi 86.80 91.56 71.23 90.94 93.47 2 2 Chakwal 84.75 96.23 56.31 88.67 97.79 3 3 Lahore 84.12 87.96 62.54 93.36 92.61 6 4 Sheikhupura 82.51 79.73 56.01 95.02 99.30 7 5 Attock 81.80 87.66 55.20 86.36 97.98 8 6 Sialkot 81.52 100.00 47.17 86.16 92.76 9 7 Toba Tek Singh 81.14 86.29 76.05 73.80 88.42 10 8 Faisalabad 80.99 84.11 59.78 83.78 96.30 11 9 Mandi Bahauddin 80.72 89.31 60.73 75.36 97.51 12 10 Narowal 79.78 90.54 61.01 73.07 94.52 19 11 Gujrat 77.76 85.91 64.09 68.01 93.03 20 12 Jhelum 77.70 96.43 47.07 69.60 97.69 22 13 Gujranwala 77.18 85.87 43.27 86.14 93.42 26 14 Sargodha 76.96 89.81 58.39 68.32 91.32 27 15 Hafzabad 76.83 80.93 63.41 68.88 94.09 37 16 Layyah 74.09 97.14 52.13 58.94 88.16 39 17 Okara 73.81 89.40 52.47 63.02 90.33 41 18 Sahiwal 72.97 80.04 50.80 67.47 93.57 44 19 Jhang 72.33 72.92 68.39 57.20 90.82 46 20 Kasur 71.94 81.18 47.68 63.21 95.69 47 21 Khanewal 71.81 78.44 67.50 54.41 86.92 48 22 Bhakkar 71.68 81.12 75.25 58.85 71.48 50 23 Vehari 70.23 73.88 56.23 60.34 90.46 51 24 Pakpattan 69.76 79.54 65.26 53.42 80.83 56 25 Bahawalnagar 67.94 73.52 56.98 50.72 90.54 57 26 Mianwali 67.88 78.84 55.05 60.67 76.96 58 27 Multan 67.78 78.20 48.52 58.71 85.71 59 28 Khushab 67.50 83.85 45.67 58.16 82.31 60 29 Nankana Sahib 67.47 82.51 68.78 26.42 92.16 61 30 Lodhran 67.33 70.72 55.65 55.57 87.37 65 31 Chiniot 66.28 76.98 62.52 59.35 66.29 81 32 Rahim Yar Khan 62.40 53.57 64.96 50.64 80.44 84 33 Bahawalpur 61.49 56.22 58.66 47.71 83.38 88 34 Muzaffargarh 59.27 66.55 54.70 37.02 78.81 121 35 Dera Ghazi Khan 49.42 75.69 11.25 35.82 74.91 124 36 Rajanpur 47.81 60.08 45.34 29.52 56.29 56 Alif Ailaan Pakistan District Education Rankings 2015

Sindh

National Provincial Education Enrolment Learning Retention Gender District / Agency Rank Rank Score Score Score Score Parity Score 43 1 Karachi 72.48 85.20 66.19 50.54 88.00 62 2 Hyderabad 67.32 76.48 48.61 57.87 86.32 Naushehro 72 3 63.61 68.38 34.12 70.90 81.03 Feroze 73 4 Sukkur 63.05 64.77 50.60 64.00 72.85 80 5 Dadu 62.41 69.68 40.40 55.71 83.86 82 7 Larkana 62.38 71.61 36.57 74.41 66.94 89 8 Ghotki 58.93 57.05 44.51 64.68 69.46 Shaheed 90 9 58.84 61.56 21.78 72.40 79.63 Benazirabad 91 10 Tando Allah Yar 58.84 56.90 34.67 66.37 77.43 94 11 Sanghar 58.38 63.63 49.01 49.25 71.64 98 12 Khairpur 57.54 60.37 30.30 60.43 79.06 102 13 Shikarpur 56.76 58.80 26.14 64.00 78.11 108 14 Matiari 54.67 60.48 30.51 50.95 76.74 110 15 Jacobabad 53.56 56.56 25.18 41.50 90.98 112 16 Tharparkar 52.98 69.00 29.88 28.42 84.63 113 17 Badin 52.14 54.31 46.25 37.44 70.55 Kambar- 114 18 51.99 58.40 26.93 52.46 70.16 Shahdadkot Kashmore- 117 19 50.90 45.21 22.81 63.65 71.92 Kandhkot 119 20 Mirpurkhas 49.86 53.19 31.98 39.30 74.98 Tando 123 21 47.93 49.23 31.32 40.47 70.67 Muhammad Khan 125 22 Umerkot 47.76 54.22 35.12 28.96 72.73 126 23 Jamshoro 47.55 54.99 17.07 50.06 68.07 131 24 Thatta 43.86 45.72 34.32 14.75 80.63 - - Sujawal 16.97 49.56 18.33 - - Annexes 57

Annex-2. School Infrastructure Scores

Azad Jammu and Kashmir School Availability Building National Provincial District / Agency Infrastructure Condition Rank Rank Electricity Water Toilet Boundary Wall Scores Satisfactory 87 1 Mirpur 39.95 39.42 36.98 33.09 54.01 36.25 101 2 Muzaffarabad 31.83 9.52 29.49 43.06 34.79 42.28 108 3 Bagh 28.44 4.34 25.43 45.95 29.48 36.99 112 4 Hattian 26.4 2.88 23.38 37.05 31.65 37.05 116 5 Bhimber 25.51 19.08 29.47 20.53 24.88 33.57 136 6 Neelum 15.71 3.2 26.03 10.5 4.57 34.25 140 7 Poonch 14.98 1.78 11.74 23.67 11.92 25.8 143 8 Kotli 14.73 10.14 15.28 15.28 9.62 23.32 146 9 Haveli 11.22 1.59 11.64 10.58 5.82 26.46 147 10 Sudhnutti 10.37 1.97 13.8 10.14 9.01 16.9 Balochistan School Availability Building National Provincial District / Agency Infrastructure Boundary Condition Rank Rank Electricity Water Toilet Scores Wall Satisfactory 90 1 Chaghi 38.63 85.78 12.25 35.29 34.8 25 94 2 Quetta 36.59 10.89 20.39 42.18 67.88 41.62 99 3 Gwadar 33.3 55.34 20.39 35.92 43.69 11.17 100 4 Panjgur 32.26 78.77 0.34 14.04 3.08 65.07 103 5 Khuzdar 31.31 47.46 14.36 20.84 33.1 40.81 106 6 Nushki 30.71 27.1 18.71 47.1 41.29 19.35 109 7 Lasbela 27.72 43.98 15.56 29.46 32.37 17.22 110 8 Musakhail 27.17 66.93 5.91 12.6 26.77 23.62 117 9 Kalat 25 20.97 12.1 26.34 47.58 18.01 118 10 Jhal Magsi 24.94 40 0.43 9.36 74.89 119 11 Mastung 24.57 6.83 5.12 31.4 66.21 13.31 120 12 Harnai 24.2 7.69 8.39 38.46 45.45 20.98 121 13 Loralai 24.01 27.85 12.87 13.68 27.85 37.79 122 14 Awaran 23.79 88.35 0.97 6.31 19.42 3.88 123 15 Washuk 23.31 68.97 6.9 4.14 17.93 18.62 124 16 Pishin 23.18 20.44 18.88 20.44 37.63 18.49 125 17 Dera Bugti 22.29 68.57 1.07 1.43 9.64 30.71 126 18 Zhob 22.1 41.61 8.39 5.59 23.78 31.12 129 19 Sibi 20.19 32.06 8.13 33.97 15.79 11 130 20 Kharan 19.89 50.86 2.86 8.57 23.43 13.71 131 21 Kech 18.93 39.87 5.54 17.7 27.51 4.05 132 22 Sherani 18.6 32.48 5.73 21.66 14.01 19.11 133 23 Killa Abdullah 17.84 9.83 15.72 7.37 33.66 22.6 134 24 Ziarat 17.63 19.63 1.83 11.87 32.42 22.37 135 25 Kohlu 15.96 38.15 3.49 1.25 16.21 20.7 137 26 Killa Saifullah 15.68 34.56 5.98 6.37 12.55 18.92 139 27 Sohbatpur 15.05 12.7 20.85 4.23 17.59 19.87 141 28 Kachhi 14.9 24.11 4.66 3.56 27.95 14.25 142 29 Barkhan 14.89 21.16 1.59 0.18 25.04 26.46 144 30 Jaffarabad 13.4 12.13 13.52 0.99 16.9 23.46 145 31 Nasirabad 11.89 11.32 3.54 19.58 25 - - Lehri ------58 Alif Ailaan Pakistan District Education Rankings 2015

Federally Administered Tribal Areas

School Availability Building National Provincial District / Agency Infrastructure Condition Rank Rank Electricity Water Toilet Boundary Wall Scores Satisfactory 62 1 FR Peshawar 59.66 44.07 61.86 44.07 83.05 65.25 70 2 FR Tank 55.53 52.63 47.37 52.63 76.32 48.68 North Waziristan 73 3 51.82 55.57 78.42 55.57 68.55 0.99 Agency 74 4 FR Kohat 50.99 34.23 29.73 34.23 82.88 73.87 75 5 FR Bannu 48.68 37.15 38.19 37.15 70.14 60.76 79 6 FR Lakki Marwat 45.19 28.57 38.96 28.57 72.73 57.14 82 7 Bajaur Agency 44.47 35.53 34.21 35.53 61.09 56.02 91 8 Kurram Agency 38.44 25.94 26.18 25.94 48.82 65.33 95 9 FR DI Khan 36.15 28.44 29.36 28.44 57.8 36.7 102 10 Orakzai Agency 31.7 16.75 13.83 16.75 51.21 59.95 South Waziristan 104 11 31.23 26.15 16.35 26.15 37.31 50.19 Agency 107 12 Mohmand Agency 28.96 18.75 20 18.75 41.67 45.63 138 13 Khyber Agency 15.21 26.78 0 26.78 22.5 0

Islamabad Capital Territory

School Availability Building National Provincial District / Agency Infrastructure Condition Rank Rank Electricity Water Toilet Boundary Wall Scores Satisfactory 29 1 Islamabad 86.60 98.43 92.67 95.29 96.86 49.74

Gilgit-Baltistan

School Availability Building National Provincial District / Agency Infrastructure Condition Rank Rank Electricity Water Toilet Boundary Wall Scores Satisfactory 58 1 Hunza Nagar 63.56 71.11 66.67 84.44 73.33 22.22 67 2 Gilgit 57.33 57.33 56 76 80 17.33 71 3 Ghizer 52.9 79.03 83.87 51.61 38.71 11.29 89 4 Skardu 38.88 36.94 42.91 27.99 67.16 19.4 98 5 Ghanchi 34.93 46.27 38.81 19.4 47.76 22.39 114 6 Astor 25.85 23.08 13.85 38.46 27.69 26.15 127 7 Diamir 20.78 24.81 43.41 10.85 13.18 11.63 Annexes 59

Khyber Pakhtunkhwa

School Availability Building National Provincial District / Agency Infrastructure Boundary Condition Rank Rank Electricity Water Toilet Scores Wall Satisfactory 1 1 Bannu 96.26 98.74 98.74 89.79 96.07 97.96 15 2 Swabi 90.14 84.5 86.43 94.23 92.4 93.17 17 3 Mardan 89.92 78.37 96.33 90.95 99.93 84.03 32 4 Kohat 86.06 72.28 74.12 97.7 99.69 86.52 34 5 Malakand 85.36 85.01 76.01 85.71 84.3 95.77 38 6 Nowshera 83.55 73.63 75.46 91.38 94.26 83.03 41 7 Charsadda 82.44 67.79 85.43 95.04 97.22 66.7 42 8 Peshawar 82.17 58.25 80.61 91.27 95.59 85.12 44 9 Tank 78 68.89 58.33 88.33 90 84.44 45 10 Buner 77.05 56.89 67.42 83.31 86.71 90.92 46 11 Lakki Marwat 75.95 70.04 60.23 78.27 80.27 90.93 Dera Ismail 47 12 75.16 56.37 72.75 80.2 76.71 89.75 Khan 48 13 Lower Dir 72.53 67.71 50.28 81.85 78.58 84.25 50 14 Hangu 72.16 52.16 64.81 85.8 86.73 71.3 53 15 Haripur 69.87 55.35 59.12 75.84 71.87 87.16 54 16 Swat 66.97 52.85 59.58 74.78 65.94 81.73 56 17 Chitral 65.19 33.85 69.41 66.15 61.49 95.03 60 18 Karak 62.13 36.8 43.3 64.37 73.73 92.46 66 19 Upper Dir 57.37 24.28 39.3 78.1 69.34 75.84 72 20 Abbottabad 52.49 31.76 61.27 67.66 58.75 43 81 21 Shangla 44.55 11.2 32.94 61.71 48.49 68.39 86 22 Batagram 40 10.76 35.03 58.34 42.34 53.52 88 23 Mansehra 39.79 24.95 40.45 44.69 41.04 47.83 92 24 Kohistan 37.23 4.43 50.99 25.54 27.24 77.95 105 25 Tor Ghar 31.17 1.88 20.66 35.68 41.31 56.34 60 Alif Ailaan Pakistan District Education Rankings 2015

Punjab

School Availability Building National Provincial District / Agency Infrastructure Boundary Condition Rank Rank Electricity Water Toilet Scores Wall Satisfactory 2 1 Gujrat 95.75 93.12 98.69 96.66 98.48 91.81 3 2 Vehari 93.37 90.45 96.54 95.97 92.88 91.01 4 3 Faisalabad 93.28 92.32 98.36 96.87 89.79 89.05 5 4 Sahiwal 93.04 94.15 99.58 94.43 89.14 87.88 6 5 Toba Tek Singh 93.02 91.73 98.74 95.37 88.5 90.74 7 6 Lahore 92.89 94.22 97.69 92.92 95.66 83.96 8 7 Chiniot 92.71 88.29 99.26 98.51 90.71 86.8 9 8 Chakwal 92.48 82.68 94.96 95.95 96.07 92.75 10 9 Mandi Bahuddin 92.25 89.96 98.59 91.73 94.72 86.27 11 10 Kasur 92.12 85.92 98.18 93.55 93.28 89.65 12 11 Pakpattan 91.7 87.16 95.37 96.72 93.88 85.37 13 12 Multan 90.76 82 97.95 90.41 94.32 89.14 14 13 Khanewal 90.4 82.1 98.28 93.1 92.84 85.68 16 14 Jhelum 90.05 87.03 88.11 93.87 95.14 86.13 18 15 Lodhran 89.86 77.12 91.36 94.58 98.47 87.8 19 16 Okara 89.75 82.4 97.83 95.13 86.82 86.55 20 17 Attock 89.4 81.67 86.84 94.71 93.65 90.13 21 18 Bahawalpur 89.25 76.27 96.29 96.29 88.23 89.14 22 19 Sialkot 88.56 81.64 95.59 91.92 90.05 83.58 23 20 Gujranwala 88.33 76.65 96.74 91.07 92.27 84.89 24 21 Hafzabad 87.97 69.29 97.26 90.68 93.97 88.67 25 22 Jhang 87.86 74.81 98.94 95.52 81.56 88.47 26 23 Nankana Sahib 87.63 76.85 98.25 93.77 91.83 77.43 27 24 Mianwali 87.56 74.67 94.76 90.74 89.96 87.69 28 25 Muzaffargarh 86.71 76.2 96.76 92.65 81.88 86.05 30 26 Narowal 86.58 70.91 96.17 91.2 91.2 83.44 31 27 Layyah 86.45 66.95 98.82 94.58 83.83 88.07 33 28 Sheikhupura 86.05 66 95.62 89.88 91.34 87.42 35 29 Rawalpindi 85.07 75.06 88.22 91.38 83.06 87.61 36 30 Bhakkar 84.55 67.5 97.61 91.49 84.13 82.03 37 31 Sargodha 84.35 81.25 91.39 86.88 84.03 78.19 39 32 Khushab 82.81 66.76 85.8 92.9 86.36 82.24 40 33 Bahawalnagar 82.53 64.43 88.93 88.65 82.05 88.6 43 34 Rahim Yar Khan 81.57 63.15 91.38 90.5 84.08 78.76 51 35 Rajanpur 70.6 21.23 82.19 86.02 79.38 84.21 Dera Ghazi 63 36 59.45 23.73 80.34 68.57 53.16 71.45 Khan Annexes 61

Sindh

School Availability Building National Provincial District / Agency Infrastructure Boundary Condition Rank Rank Electricity Water Toilet Scores Wall Satisfactory 49 1 Karachi 72.24 97.17 60.82 84.57 85.91 32.74 52 2 Larkana 70.31 72.61 80.15 76.05 87.4 35.31 Shaheed Bena- 55 3 66.64 90.37 71.87 67.99 65.2 37.76 zirabad 57 4 Hyderabad 65.01 69.96 59.56 77.41 80.87 37.23 59 5 Matiari 63.34 69.66 62.78 76.78 80.16 27.3 61 6 Khairpur 59.71 60.67 79.52 67.29 56.72 34.33 64 7 Badin 59.18 92.03 61.05 60.4 44.56 37.87 65 8 Sukkur 58.63 59.48 72.4 70.61 67.85 22.8 68 9 Tando Allah Yar 56.84 63.05 47.79 66.93 80.46 25.97 Naushehro 69 10 55.79 52.85 81.04 57.71 59.83 27.55 Feroze 76 11 Shikarpur 48.56 44.7 56.3 54.38 69.14 18.27 77 12 Jamshoro 48.46 54.63 33.42 56.11 75.97 22.15 78 13 Dadu 46.58 49.77 38.22 49.82 65.39 29.67 80 14 Ghotki 44.71 27.95 68.48 44.96 57.49 24.69 Kambar-Shah- 83 15 42.59 51.09 34.83 46.68 62.01 18.37 dadkot Tando Muham- 84 16 42.46 26.33 46.52 48.67 58.5 32.27 mad Khan 85 17 Sanghar 41.85 34.16 41.31 50.09 57.14 26.58 93 18 Umerkot 36.99 21.53 22.14 59.35 50.93 30.98 96 19 Jacobabad 35.48 42.69 34.06 42.54 46.71 11.4 97 20 Mirpurkhas 35.3 31.93 28.95 43.32 45.19 27.13 Kashmore- 111 21 26.66 21.68 40.78 24.77 34.31 11.77 Kandhkot 113 22 Tharparkar 25.88 3.89 17.68 36.95 39.38 31.51 115 23 Thatta 25.51 11.66 17.97 31.3 45.18 21.44 128 24 Sujawal 20.21 11.55 13.98 27.58 27.39 20.56

REGIONAL PROFILES Azad Jammu & Kashmir Education score ProvincialProvincial ranking Ranking 76.67 2/8

NumberNumber ofof Teachersschools GenderGender distributiondistribution1

4,174 1,012 716 54 2,586 3,316 200 100 150 50Higher Primary Middle Secondary Secondary Girls Boys Schools schools schools schools schools schools schools

Number of Teachersteachers Gender distribution

8,420 6,740 11,172 926 12,435 14,823 100 150 50Higher Primary Middle Secondary Secondary Female Male Teachers schools schools schools schools teachers teachers

57%39% 54%42% 34%47%

Learning WhoCannot cannot read read a a WhoCannot cannot read read a a WhoCannot cannot do do 3 3 Outcomes2 story in Urdu*Urdu sentencesentence inin English*English two digit division

Gross enrolment rate by level of schooling & gender

96% 93% 95% 95% 93% 94% 88% 87% 88%

Primary school Middle school High school

Dropout rate at 11% 19% 15% primary level BoysGirls Girls Total

1. This is sum of primary, middle and secondary schools only 2. For class 5 students 3. Text meant for class 2 students Azad Jammu School infrastructure & Kashmir score Provincial ranking 23.39 8/8

Schools where infrastructure facilities are not available4:

Electricity Water Toilet Boundary wall 89% 77% 73% 77% Girls schools where infrastructure facilities are not available4:

Toilet Boundary wall 69% 73%

Proportion of schools where building condition is not satisfactory 67%

Primary schools with single classroom Classroom school ratio in primary schools 20% 1:1

Pupil teacher ratio in Teacher school ratio Primary schools with primary schools in primary schools single teacher 25:1 2:1 7%

4. This data is for primary schools only. Balochistan Education score ProvincialProvincial ranking Ranking 55.99 7/8

NumberNumber ofof Teachersschools GenderGender distributiondistribution1

10,585 1,165 783 43 3,506 9,027 200 100 150 50Higher Schools Primary Middle Secondary Secondary Girls Boys schools schools schools schools schools schools

Number of Teachersteachers Gender distribution

17,136 10,012 15,139 1,334 14,081 29,540 200 100 150 50Higher Teachers Primary Middle Secondary Secondary Female Male schools schools schools schools teachers teachers

57%58% 54%57% 34%67%

WhoCannot cannot read read a a WhoCannot cannot read read a a WhoCannot cannot do do Learning story in Urdu*Urdu3 sentence in English*English3 two digit division Outcomes2

Net enrolment rate by level of schooling & gender

65% 42% 55% 36% 17% 28% 19% 7% 14%

Primary school Middle school High school

Dropout rate at 46% 55% 50% primary level BoysGirls Girls Total

1. This is sum of primary, middle and secondary schools only 2. For class 5 students 3. Text meant for class 2 students School infrastructure Balochistan score Provincial ranking 32.63 7/8

Schools where infrastructure facilities are not available4:

Electricity Water Toilet Boundary wall 31% 82% 85% 64% Girls schools where infrastructure facilities are not available4:

Toilet Boundary wall 74% 30%

Proportion of schools where building condition is not satisfactory 75%

Primary schools with single classroom Classroom school ratio in primary schools 34% 2:1

Pupil teacher ratio in Teacher school ratio Primary schools with primary schools in primary schools single teacher 32:1 2:1 57%

4. This data is for primary schools only. FATA Education score ProvincialProvincial ranking Ranking 55.62 8/8

NumberNumber ofof Teachersschools GenderGender distributiondistribution1

4,563 537 332 16 2,283 3,149 200 100 150 50Higher Primary Middle Secondary Secondary Girls Boys Schools schools schools schools schools schools schools

Number of Teachersteachers Gender distribution

10,375 3,745 4,605 443 6,154 13,014 100 150 50Higher Primary Middle Secondary Secondary Female Male Teachers schools schools schools schools teachers teachers

57%55% 54% 34%52%

Learning WhoCannot cannot read read a a WhoCannot cannot read read a a WhoCannot cannot do do 3 3 Outcomes2 story in Urdu*Urdu sentence in English*English two digit division

Gross enrolment rate by level of schooling & gender

89% 66% 81% 89% 49% 77% 76% 35% 65%

Primary school Middle school High school

Dropout rate at 53% 72% 60% primary level BoysGirls Girls Total

1. This is sum of primary, middle and secondary schools only 2. For class 5 students 3. Text meant for class 2 students School infrastructure FATA score Provincial ranking 39.08 6/8

Schools where infrastructure facilities are not available4:

Electricity Water Toilet Boundary wall 63% 59% 61% 37% Girls schools where infrastructure facilities are not available4:

Toilet Boundary wall 38% 12%

Proportion of schools where building condition is not satisfactory 53%

Primary schools with single classroom Classroom school ratio in primary schools 1% 2:1

Pupil teacher ratio in Teacher school ratio Primary schools with primary schools in primary schools single teacher 39:1 2:1 10%

4. This data is for primary schools only. Gilgit-Baltistan Education score ProvincialProvincial ranking Ranking 73.78 4/8

NumberNumber ofof Teachersschools GenderGender distributiondistribution1

711 283 177 11 334 837 200 100 150 50Higher Primary Middle Secondary Secondary Girls Boys Schools schools schools schools schools schools schools

Number of Teachersteachers Gender distribution

1,791 1,943 2,487 145 2,035 4,331 100 150 50Higher Primary Middle Secondary Secondary Female Male Teachers schools schools schools schools teachers teachers

57%45% 54%38% 34%44%

Learning WhoCannot cannot read read a a WhoCannot cannot read read a a WhoCannot cannot do do 3 3 Outcomes2 story in Urdu*Urdu sentence in English*English two digit division

Gross enrolment rate by level of schooling & gender

88% 74% 82% 91% 78% 85% 85% 72% 80%

Primary school Middle school High school

Dropout rate at 15% 12% 13% primary level BoysGirls Girls Total

1. This is sum of primary, middle and secondary schools only 2. For class 5 students 3. Text meant for class 2 students School infrastructure Gilgit-Baltistan score Provincial ranking 45.38 5/8

Schools where infrastructure facilities are not available4:

Electricity Water Toilet Boundary wall 57% 53% 64% 48% Girls schools where infrastructure facilities are not available4:

Toilet Boundary wall 48% 37%

Proportion of schools where building condition is not satisfactory 82%

Primary schools with single classroom Classroom school ratio in primary schools 2% 4:1

Pupil teacher ratio in Teacher school ratio Primary schools with primary schools in primary schools single teacher 22:1 3:1 35%

4. This data is for primary schools only. Islamabad Education score ProvincialProvincial ranking Ranking 83.96 1/8

NumberNumber ofof Teachersschools GenderGender distributiondistribution1

191 60 97 43 165 183 200 100 150 50Higher Primary Middle Secondary Secondary Girls Boys Schools schools schools schools schools schools schools

Number of Teachersteachers Gender distribution

2,455 746 2,072 1,190 4,232 2,231 100 150 50Higher Primary Middle Secondary Secondary Female Male Teachers schools schools schools schools teachers teachers

57%51% 54%46% 34%53%

Learning WhoCannot cannot read read a a WhoCannot cannot read read a a WhoCannot cannot do do 3 3 Outcomes2 story in Urdu*Urdu sentence in English*English two digit division

Net enrolment rate by level of schooling & gender

88% 94% 91% 68% 68% 68% 43% 58% 50%

Primary school Middle school High school

Dropout rate at 6% 0% 1% primary level BoysGirls Girls Total

1. This is sum of primary, middle and secondary schools only 2. For class 5 students 3. Text meant for class 2 students School infrastructure Islamabad score Provincial ranking 86.60 2/8

Schools where infrastructure facilities are not available4:

Electricity Water Toilet Boundary wall 2% 7% 5% 3% Girls schools where infrastructure facilities are not available4:

Toilet Boundary wall 5% 1%

Proportion of schools where building condition is not satisfactory 50%

Primary schools with single classroom Classroom school ratio in primary schools 1% 9:1

Pupil teacher ratio in Teacher school ratio Primary schools with primary schools in primary schools single teacher 18:1 13:1 0%

4. This data is for primary schools only. Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Education score ProvincialProvincial ranking Ranking 70.86 5/8

NumberNumber ofof Teachersschools GenderGender distributiondistribution1

23,291 2639 2,029 361 10,233 17,726 200 100 150 50Higher Primary Middle Secondary Secondary Girls Boys Schools schools schools schools schools schools schools

Number of Teachersteachers Gender distribution

71,378 14,083 24,529 8,766 41,041 77,715 100 150 50Higher Primary Middle Secondary Secondary Female Male Teachers schools schools schools schools teachers teachers

57%51% 54%50% 34%51%

Learning WhoCannot cannot read read a a WhoCannot cannot read read a a WhoCannot cannot do do 3 3 Outcomes2 story in Urdu*Urdu sentence in English*English two digit division

Net enrolment rate by level of schooling & gender

76% 60% 68% 44% 31% 38% 31% 18% 25%

Primary school Middle school High school

Dropout rate at 25% 35% 29% primary level BoysGirls Girls Total

1. This is sum of primary, middle and secondary schools only 2. For class 5 students 3. Text meant for class 2 students Khyber School infrastructure Pakhtunkhwa score Provincial ranking 70.42 3/8

Schools where infrastructure facilities are not available4:

Electricity Water Toilet Boundary wall 46% 34% 23% 24% Girls schools where infrastructure facilities are not available4:

Toilet Boundary wall 8% 4%

Proportion of schools where building condition is not satisfactory 21%

Primary schools with single classroom Classroom school ratio in primary schools 7% 3:1

Pupil teacher ratio in Teacher school ratio Primary schools with primary schools in primary schools single teacher 46:1 3:1 20%

4. This data is for primary schools only. Punjab Education score ProvincialProvincial ranking Ranking 76.30 3/8

NumberNumber ofof Teachersschools GenderGender distributiondistribution1

38,427 8,210 6,048 659 26,621 26,064 200 100 150 50Higher Primary Middle Secondary Secondary Girls Boys Schools schools schools schools schools schools schools

Number of Teachersteachers Gender distribution

106,885 77,094 117,916 21,309 158,758 164,446 100 150 50Higher Primary Middle Secondary Secondary Female Male Teachers schools schools schools schools teachers teachers

57%37% 54%41% 34%48%

Learning WhoCannot cannot read read a a WhoCannot cannot read read a a WhoCannot cannot do do 3 3 Outcomes2 story in Urdu*Urdu sentence in English*English two digit division

Net enrolment rate by level of schooling & gender

74% 70% 72% 39% 40% 39% 28% 27% 28%

Primary school Middle school High school

Dropout rate at 26% 26% 26% primary level BoysGirls Girls Total

1. This is sum of primary, middle and secondary schools only 2. For class 5 students 3. Text meant for class 2 students School infrastructure Punjab score Provincial ranking 86.89 1/8

Schools where infrastructure facilities are not available4:

Electricity Water Toilet Boundary wall 26% 6% 8% 13% Girls schools where infrastructure facilities are not available4:

Toilet Boundary wall 7% 5%

Proportion of schools where building condition is not satisfactory 13%

Primary schools with single classroom Classroom school ratio in primary schools 6% 3:1

Pupil teacher ratio in Teacher school ratio Primary schools with primary schools in primary schools single teacher 40:1 3:1 17%

4. This data is for primary schools only. Sindh Education score Provincial ranking 61.02 6/8

NumberNumber ofof Teachersschools GenderGender distributiondistribution1

42,342 2,336 1,752 294 8,094 38,336 200 100 150 50Higher Primary Middle Secondary Secondary Girls Boys Schools schools schools schools schools schools schools

Number of teachers Gender distribution

92,521 11,980 32,194 8,743 45,116 100,322 Higher Teachers Primary Middle Secondary Secondary Female Male schools schools schools schools teachers teachers

49% 63% 58%

Learning Cannot read a Cannot read a Cannot do 3 3 Outcomes2 story in Urdu sentence in English two digit division

Sindh Achievement Test Language Math Science Overall score score score score Grade 5 30 17 18 21 Grade 8 37 14 17 23

Net enrolment rate by level of schooling & gender

67% 56% 62% 39% 32% 36% 28% 21% 25%

Primary school Middle school High school

Dropout rate at 45% 46% 45% primary level Boys Girls Total

1. This is sum of primary, middle and secondary schools only 2. For class 5 students 3. Text meant for class 2 students School infrastructure Sindh score Provincial ranking 47.19 4/8

Schools where infrastructure facilities are not available4:

Electricity Water Toilet Boundary wall 52% 51% 46% 43%

Girls schools where infrastructure facilities are not available4:

Toilet Boundary wall 44% 30%

Proportion of schools where building condition is not satisfactory 71%

Primary schools with single classroom Classroom school ratio in primary schools 33% 2:1

Pupil teacher ratio in Teacher school ratio Primary schools with primary schools in primary schools single teacher 30:1 2:1 46%

4. This data is for primary schools only Pakistan Education score 70.33

NumberNumber ofof Teachersschools GenderGender distributiondistribution1

124,284 16,242 11,934 1,481 53,822 98,638 200 100 150 50Higher Schools Primary Middle Secondary Secondary Girls Boys schools schools schools schools schools schools

Number of Teachersteachers Gender distribution

310,961 126,343 210,114 42,856 283,852 406,422 200 100 150 50Higher Teachers Primary Middle Secondary Secondary Female Male schools schools schools schools teachers teachers

57%47% 54%51% 34%53%

WhoCannot cannot read read a a WhoCannot cannot read read a a WhoCannot cannot do do Learning story in Urdu*Urdu3 sentence in English*English3 two digit division Outcomes2

Net enrolment rate by level of schooling & gender

72% 64% 68% 40% 35% 38% 28% 23% 26%

Primary school Middle school High school

Dropout rate at 32% 34% 33% primary level BoysGirls Girls Total

1. This is sum of primary, middle and secondary schools only 2. For class 5 students 3. Text meant for class 2 students School infrastructure Pakistan score 62.22

Schools where infrastructure facilities are not available4:

Electricity Water Toilet Boundary wall 43% 36% 35% 32% Girls schools where infrastructure facilities are not available4:

Toilet Boundary wall 22% 13%

Proportion of schools where building condition is not satisfactory 43%

Primary schools with single classroom Classroom school ratio in primary schools 18% 2:1

Pupil teacher ratio in Teacher school ratio Primary schools with primary schools in primary schools single teacher 37:1 3:1 30%

4. This data is for primary schools only.