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National Human Development Report Pakistan National Human Development Report Unleashing the Potential of a Young Pakistan The front cover of this report represents a vi- sual exercise depicting Pakistan’s youth as a 100 young people. Our wheel of many colours represents the multiple dimensions of what it means to be young in Pakistan today. Based on national data as well as results of our own sur- veys, the Wheel presents a collage of informa- tion on Pakistan’s young people (details in Chap- ter 2). This tapestry shows the diversity as well as vibrance of our youth, while also highlighting the inequities and hurdles they face as young Pakistanis. We chose the Wheel as this Report’s motif and cover art, because it represents not only the basis of our hopes for the future, but also our concerns. Diagram inspired by Jack Hagley’s ‘The world as100 people’. Pakistan National Human Development Report 2017* Unleashing the Potential of a Young Pakistan *NOTE: The data (including national statistics, survey results and consultations) in this report was mostly completed in 2016. Published for the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) Human Development Reports: In 1990, Dr. Mahbub ul Haq produced the first Human Develop- ment Report, introducing a new concept of human development focusing on expanding people’s opportunities and choices, and measuring a country’s development progress though the richness of human life rather than simply the wealth of its economy. The report featured a Human Devel- opment Index (HDI) created to assess the people’s capabilities. The HDI measures achievements in key dimensions of human development: individuals enabled to live long and healthy lives, to be knowledgeable, and have a decent standard of living. Subsequent Human Development Reports (HDRs) released most years have explored different themes using the human development ap- proach. These Reports, produced by the UNDP’s Human Development Report Office and ensured editorial independence by UNGA, have extensively influenced the development debate worldwide. National Human Development Reports: Since the first national Human Development Reports (NHDRs) were released in 1992, local editorial teams in 135 countries have produced over 700 NHDRs with UNDP support. These reports bring a human development perspective to national policy concerns through local consultations and research. National HDRs have covered key devel- opment issues ranging from climate change to youth employment, to inequalities driven by gender or ethnicity. This is Pakistan’s first National Human Development Report in over a decade. The last one in 2003, the NHDR on Poverty, focusing on growth and governance, was authored by Dr. Akmal Hussain. Copyright © 2017 United Nations Development Programme, Pakistan 4th Floor, Serena Business Complex, Khayaban-e-Suharwardy, Sector G5–1, Islamabad, Pakistan All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted, in any form or by means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without prior permission. Disclaimer: The views expressed in this publication are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of the United Nations, including UNDP or the UN Member States. UNDP has copyrights to all photographs used in the report, taken during the National Youth Consultations. For contributions and feedback, please email us at: [email protected] ISBN: 978-969-8736-19-4 Printed in Pakistan by Khursheed Printers For a list of errors or omissions found after printing, please visit our website at http://www.pk.undp.org/ Pakistan National Human Development Report 2017 team Lead authors Dr. Adil Najam and Dr. Faisal Bari UNDP oversight Shakeel Ahmad (Assistant Country Director, Development Policy Unit) Management and writing team Umer Akhlaq Malik, Sonia Atallah, and Gemma Stevenson (Coordinators), Dr. Rizwan ul Haq (Statistician), Beena Sarwar (Editor), Muntazir Ali, Saira Talha, Saeed Ahmed, Meeran Jamal, Fazilda Nabeel, Saba Shahid, Nadia Ali Syed, Hina Sheikh, and Beenisch Tahir (Communication) Layout and Information Design Nida Salman Operations and administration Naveeda Nazir (Administration) and Azam Khan (Operations) PAKISTAN NATIONAL HUMAN DEVELOPMENT REPORT 2017 | iii Special message The Government of Pakistan is well-aware placing youth at the very centre of the Gov- of the importance of the youth as a crucial ernment’s efforts to develop of Pakistan’s force for our country’s human development human and social capital. It also comes at and economic prosperity. We welcome this a time when provincial policies are being landmark National Human Development agreed upon and road maps are being put in Report 2017, a seminal publication which place. These developments are even more highlights the critical juncture at which important as national and sub-national Pakistan finds itself today with the unique governments are either developing or in opportunity to take advantage of its youth early stages of implementing policy frame- bulge. works to address the issues facing Pakistan’s This report comes at an auspicious mo- youth. Following devolution through Pa- ment. Pakistan is undergoing the most kistan’s 18th Constitutional Amendment, rapid demographic transition in its histo- there is an urgent need for an all-inclusive ry. The resultant youth bulge is leading to framework for youth empowerment. The young adults entering the labour market production of this National Human De- at an unprecedented speed. This transi- velopment Report on youth will guide na- tion offers Pakistan a golden opportunity tional policy discourse towards developing to benefit from a potential “demographic inclusive national and provincial youth pol- dividend”. The rising share of working-age icies and ensuring their implementation. adults among our population could well It was an honour to be the chairperson of catalyse growth and raise living standards. a multi-party, multi-stakeholder Advisory But if we fail to harness the potential of our Council for this Report. On behalf of the youth, this demographic dividend could Government and my fellow members of turn into a liability. Prospects will be bleak the Advisory Council, I offer my sincere if the growing pool of youth entering the appreciation to UNDP for their support of labour market cannot secure jobs that offer Pakistan’s efforts to improve human devel- them better earnings and opportunities. opment outcomes for its people. The youth bulge in Pakistan raises some It is time for Pakistan to stand with its sharp questions for the future. Will Paki- youth and work with them for a brighter stan be, as some have augured, one of the future. I am confident that this Report will countries to grow older before it grows help us along this path. richer? To address this situation, the report starts with the premise that whatever the potential of the much feted “youth divi- dend”, it will be affected by the state of the country’s human development indicators in education, employment, engagement, health, and poverty. NHDR 2017 is particularly welcome as it aligns with the Government’s recogni- Ahsan Iqbal tion of youth as a critical force for human Minister, Ministry of Planning and development. It complements our vision, Development Reform, Pakistan. outlined in the document Vision 2025, of Chair, NHDR 2017 Advisory Council iv | PAKISTAN NATIONAL HUMAN DEVELOPMENT REPORT 2017 Foreword Pakistan is not only one of the youngest The first lever is education for knowledge countries in its region, but also in the world. empowerment of the young. It is the most Sixty four percent of the country’s popula- important tool for improving human de- tion is under the age of 29, with some 30 velopment outcomes as education enhanc- percent between the ages of 15 and 29. For es the capabilities, freedoms and choices at least the next three decades, Pakistan will amongst the young. The NHDR’s resound- continue to be a younger country. ing call is that to enhance human develop- Never have the opportunities for social, ment outcomes both the quantity and qual- economic and political progress been so ity of Pakistan’s education system will have great. Nor have the challenges facing us ever to be improved. been more pressing. As in many countries, The second lever of youth empowerment but more than in most, Pakistan faces an is gainful employment for economic em- important opportunity – indeed, a respon- powerment. From a human development sibility – to place its young at the very cen- perspective, providing decent employment tre of its development priorities. If there is is not just about economic opportunity but one most important lesson of this Report, also about increasing self worth, dignity and it is the need to invest in Pakistan’s youth an expanding capability for social impact. today, to ensure a better future tomorrow. The NHDR views youth unemployment as We have chosen ‘youth’ as the focal top- one of the biggest emerging challenges in ic of Pakistan’s National Human Develop- Pakistan even as it views entrepreneurship ment Report 2017 because we believe in as a great new opportunity. It emphasizes this simple, unequivocal truth: the youth the need to improve the quality of employ- are a powerful force, possibly the most pow- ment, focusing on reducing unpaid and ca- erful force, for transformational change. sual employment. With their demographic size and more The third lever of transformation and importantly their fresh ideas and energy, meaningful engagement for social em- if provided with a conducive environment, powerment as identified by this Report is they can lead the way to sustainable human about voice, identity, inclusion and citi- development. zenship – meaningful social, political and This, the country’s first National Human institutional integration of youth into the Development Report (NHDR) in over a fabric of society and its collective decisions. decade, seeks to understand Pakistan’s hu- The NHDR 2017 reveals the existence of man development challenges and opportu- starkly limited open spaces and inadequate nities from the prism of youth.
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