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Open-Access-Publikation im Sinne der CC-Lizenz BY-NC-ND 4.0 Transatlantische Studien zu Mittelalter Und Früher Neuzeit – Transatlantic Studies on Medieval and Early Modern Literature and Culture Band 3 Herausgegeben von Ann Marie Rasmussen, Arthur Groos, Volker Mertens und Hans-Jochen Schiewer Open-Access-Publikation im Sinne der CC-Lizenz BY-NC-ND 4.0 Arthur Groos, Hans-Jochen Schiewer, Markus Stock (eds.) Topographies of the Early Modern City V&R unipress Open-Access-Publikation im Sinne der CC-Lizenz BY-NC-ND 4.0 Bibliografische Information der Deutschen Nationalbibliothek Die Deutsche Nationalbibliothek verzeichnet diese Publikation in der Deutschen Nationalbibliografie; detaillierte bibliografische Daten sind im Internet über http://dnb.d-nb.de abrufbar. ISBN 978-3-89971-535-4 An electronic version of this book is freely available, thanks to the support of libraries working with Knowledge Unlatched. KU is a collaborative initiative designed to make high quality books Open Access for the public good. The Open Access ISBN of this book is 978-3-86234-535-9. More information about the initiative and links to the Open Access version can be found at www.knowledgeunlatched.org. © 2008, V&R unipress in Göttingen / www.vr-unipress.de Dieses Werk ist als Open-Access-Publikation im Sinne der Creative-Commons-Lizenz BY-NC-ND International 4.0 („Namensnennung – Nicht kommerziell – Keine Bearbei- tungen“) unter dem DOI 10.14220/9783862345359 abzurufen. Um eine Kopie dieser Lizenz zu sehen, besuchen Sie https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/. Jede Verwertung in anderen als den durch diese Lizenz zugelassenen Fällen bedarf der vorherigen schriftlichen Einwilligung des Verlages. Open-Access-Publikation im Sinne der CC-Lizenz BY-NC-ND 4.0 Contents Arthur Groos Introduction 7 Jeffrey Chipps Smith Imaging and Imagining Nuremberg 17 Volker Mertens Das Fastnachtspiel zwischen Subversion und Affirmation 43 Eckehard Simon Staging the Reformation in the Nuremberg Carnival 61 David H. Price Reuchlin and Rome: The Controversy over Jewish Books, 1510–1520 97 Kirsten M. Christensen Mapping Mysticism onto Confessional Cologne 119 Markus Stock Diachronic Topography. The Old High German Inscriptions for the Entry of Prince Philip II of Spain Open-Access-Publikationinto Ghent (1549) im Sinne 139 der CC-Lizenz BY-NC-ND 4.0 Gert Hübner Dieweil solcher abwechslung das Menschlich gemüt sehr bedürfftig. Leonhard Lechners Liebeslieder 9161 Helmut Puff The City as Model. Three-Dimensional Represenations of Urban Space in Early Modern Europe 193 Matthias Meyer Narrating Vienna: Then and Now 219 Stuart M. Blumin The Encompassing City: Vedutismo in Early Modern Art and Culture 239 List of Contributors 257 Open-Access-Publikation im Sinne der CC-Lizenz BY-NC-ND 4.0 Arthur Groos Introduction This volume contains a selection of papers from a German-American conference on medieval and early modern culture held at Cornell University on 24-25 September 2004.1 For this, the third in a series of binational meetings,2 the organizers selected »Topographies of the Early Modern City« as the theme, inviting germanists, historians, and art historians to discuss aspects of city culture ranging from representa- tions of the city to urban spatial and social practices. The current inter- est in space as a changing cultural production is usually traced back to Henri Lefebvre’s seminal La Production de l’espace (1974),3 though it might be more accurate to emphasize the belated translation into English (1991), which in the last decade has helped fuel what some scholars are now calling »the spatial turn«,4 a development that also includes the medieval and early modern periods.5 The essays collect- 1 The conference was supported by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft and the Max Kade Foundation, Cornell’s University Lecture Committee, College of Arts and Sciences, Society for the Humanities, Institute for Ger- man Cultural Studies, Departments of Architecture and German Studies, and the program in Renaissance Studies. Production of this volume has been facilitated by Hans-Jochen Schiewer at Freiburg, who generously in- volved his staff in the setting and production of proofs. We are especially grateful to Leonard Keidel for assuming the major part of this task in mid- stream and helping us see the project through to the end. 2 The first was held at Cornell in 2000, the second at Göttingen in 2002 – see Kulturen des Manuskriptzeitalters, ed. ARTHUR GROOS/HANS-JOCHEN SCHIEWER, Göttingen 2004. 3 The Production of Space, trans. DONALD NICHOLSON-SMITH, Oxford 1991. On Lefebvre, see most recently Space, Difference, Everyday Life: Read- ing Henri Lefebvre, ed. KANISHKA GOONEWARDENA et al., New York 2008; CHRISTIAN SCHMID, Stadt, Raum und Gesellschaft: Henri Lefebvre und die Theorie der Produktion des Raumes, Vienna 2005. 4 Spatial Turn: Das Raumparadigma in den Kultur- und Sozialwissenschaf- ten, ed. JÖRG DÖRING/TRISTAN THIELMANN, Bielefeld 2008; The Spatial Turn: Interdisciplinary Perspectives, ed. BARNEY WARF, New York, in press. 5 See esp. Medieval Practices of Space, ed. BARBARA A. HANAWALT/MICHAL KOBIALKA, Minneapolis 2000. Also, for example, Raum und Raumvorstel- lungen im Mittelalter, ed. JAN A. AERTSEN/ANDREAS SPEER, Berlin /New York 1998; Topographies of Power in the Early Middle Ages, ed. MAYKE DE JONG/FRANCIS THEUWS, Leiden 2001; DAWN MARIE HAYE S, Body and Open-Access-Publikation im Sinne der CC-Lizenz BY-NC-ND 4.0 8 Arthur Groos ed here, mostly though not exclusively devoted to cities in Germanic countries (Nuremberg, Cologne, Vienna, Ghent, Munich, Amsterdam, Florence, Rome), broach a wide variety of topics: the dissemination and control of city images, carnival practices and the performance of social/religious dissent, narrative constraints in fifteenth-century urban historiography, Christian humanism and the controversy over Jewish books, the Carthusian influence on the spiritual topography of a city, the humanist agenda in the triumphal arches for an imperial entry, the evolution of three-dimensional city models, transposing Renaissance Italian song models into a transalpine social context, and the emer- gence of the city views known as vedute. The prominence of the visual in these essays is not surprising, and constitutes an obvious reflex of the growing interest in imagining and imaging cities in fifteenth- and sixteenth-century culture. Inasmuch as we sometimes take this development for granted, it may be helpful to pause for a moment on two examples of city encomia (Städtelob),6 which reflect a changing experience of the city from the social to the spatial across a span of eighty years. The first poem in praise of a German city, Hans Rosenplüt’s ›Spruch von Nürnberg‹ (1447),7 though aware of its status as a new genre (news geticht, 3), generates its praise not so much by attempting to visualize the city’s particular topographical space as by asserting its uniqueness through a series of lists.8 Nuremberg, more than almost any other city, is distinguished by five charitable institu- tions, managed by the council: the Zw�lfbrüderhaus, two orphanages, the care of lepers at Easter, the endowment of poor girls with dowries, the weekly distribution of provisions to the homeless. It is adorned Sacred Space in Medieval Europe, 1100-1389, New York 2003; JOHN REN- NIE SHORT, Making Space: Revisioning the World, 1475-1600, Syracuse, N.Y., 2004; Defining the Holy: Sacred Space in Medieval and Early Mod- ern Europe, ed. ANDREW SPICER/SARAH HAMILTON, Aldershot/Burlington 2005; Women’s Space: Patronage, Place,Open-Access-Publikation and Gender in the imMedieval Sinne der CC-Lizenz BY-NC-ND 4.0 Church, ed. VIRGINIA CHIEFFO RagUIN/SARAH STANBURY, Albany 2005; People and Space in the Middle Ages, 300-1300, ed. WENDY DavIES et al., Turnhout 2006. ��������See esp. HARTMUT KUGLER, Die Vorstellung der Stadt in der Literatur des deutschen Mittelalters, Munich 1986. ������������������������������������������The poem will be cited from the edition by FRIEDRICH and ERIKA WENTZLAFF-EggEBERT, Deutsche Literatur im späten Mittelalter, Rein- beck 1971, I, 203-211. �����������������������������������������Also marked as part of a series of items: noch eins (15); noch . ein ding (347); and asserted as being in no other city, in keiner stat (337, 349) or like no other, nyndert geleichen (290, 296). Introduction 9 by seven »jewels« (kleinet, 83): the walls and moat, the surrounding forest, a quarry, the Kornhaus, the Sch�ner Brunnen, the river, and the relics of Christ’s crucifixion. If the emperor scoured the earth for the products of all the various artes, he would discover that everything everywhere can be found in this one city, die kunst find er in Nürnberg all (215), thanks to its industrious merchants and artisans. And: the city is one of five heillige stet in the Christian world (Jerusalem, Rome, Trier, Cologne, Nuremberg). Except for naming two buildings and a fountain, the ›Spruch von Nürnberg‹ conveys little sense of the city as a distinct spatial topogra- phy. The list of kleinet, for example, commingles natural features of the landscape with buildings and monuments. To be sure, those natural features are exploited commercially by the city’s inhabitants, which suggests that Rosenplüt’s imagined city is primarily a middle-class so- cial space, rather than a geographical or architectural one. This in turn may explain why the list of almosen alternates specific institutions with specific practices, the common denominator being charitable activity in general. The central social focus, of course, is the city’s merchants and artisans, who make up the longest list, and provide the leading in- dicator of Nuremberg’s unique stature: dor vmb ich nürnberg preis vnd lob / wan sie leit allen steten ob / an kunstreichen hübschen mannen (285-87). Not surprisingly, though, what begins as the fifth of Rosenplüt’s series of lists (noch find ich ein ding, 347) does not contain a list, but a singularity, das allerweislichest werk / das ich in keiner stat nye fant (348f.), the wise city council, whose rule – superior to that of aristocratic courts or guilds – collectively shepherds all its citizens, and guarantees the peace that is the foundation of communal prosperity.
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  • Captivating Castles- Knowledge Organiser

    Captivating Castles- Knowledge Organiser

    Captivating Castles- Knowledge Organiser St Gregory’s Catholic Primary School – Year 1 Dates to Remember 1066 1067 1070-79 1100 1642-51 1930 The Normans invaded Chepstow Castle Windsor Castle and the Castles started to be The English Civil War The construction of England and won the Battle started to be built White Tower at the Tower built using stone took place, and many Castle Drogo, the last of Hastings, making William of London were built castles were used by castle to be built in the Conqueror the next the royals to defend England, king themselves. Key Vocabulary Types of Castle Key Figures Portcullis A strong iron gate that can be raised to Motte and Bailey King Edward—King of England. Died and allow the drawbridge to be lowered. passed the crown onto Harold of Wessex but Drawbridge A bridge that can be lowered or raised to These castles were built first because they had promised it to William. enter and exit a castle were quick and cheap to build. King William Moat A deep ditch that surrounds a castle. It can be filled with or without water. needed castles as soon as possible to defend Harold of Wessex—Important person in Turrets A small tower built on the castle, at the his new crown. They were made out of wood. England. Claimed the crown after King corner or on top of a larger tower. It has been said that nearly 1000 motte and Edward died. Died in the Battle of Hastings. Keep Fortified tower built within castles for bailey castles were built by the Normans.