DOCSLIB.ORG

Fluvial Sediment Flux to the Arctic Ocean

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Fluvial Sediment Flux to the Arctic Ocean Geomorphology 80 (2006) 94–104 www.elsevier.com/locate/geomorph Fluvial sediment flux to the Arctic Ocean V.V. Gordeev P.P. Shirshov Institute of Oceanology Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia Received 1 November 2004; received in revised form 27 September 2005; accepted 27 September 2005 Available online 1 September 2006 Abstract The paper presents an overview of recent publications on the fluvial suspended sediment flux to the Arctic Ocean. The total suspended matter exported from the Russian territory is 102×106 t/year and from the Canadian Arctic is 125×106 t/year. The total suspended matter (TSM) flux to the Arctic (227×106 t/year) is very low, only about 1% of the global flux. Mean concentrations of suspended matter and specific sediment discharge are approximately one order of magnitude lower than the global concentration. An analysis of the trends in the sediment loads based on records of up to 62 years in length shows decreases (Yenisey), increases (Kolyma) and stability (Ob). Among the reasons for the very low concentrations and fluxes of suspended sediment in the Arctic rivers are thin weathering crusts on the Arctic watersheds, low precipitation, extensive permafrost, low temperatures for most of the year, large areas of swamps and lakes and a low level of human activity. A stochastic sediment transport model by Morehead et al. [Morehead, M.D., Syvitski, J.P., Hutton, E.W., Peckham, S.D., 2003. Modeling the temporal variability in the flux of sediment from ungauged river basins. Glob. Planet. Change 39, 95–110] is applied to the Arctic rivers to estimate the sediment load increase should the surface temperature of the drainage basin increase. For every 2 °C of warming a 30% increase in the sediment flux could result and for each 20% increase in water discharge, a 10% increase in sediment load could follow. Based on this model, an increase of the sediment flux of six largest arctic rivers (Yenisey, Lena, Ob, Pechora, Kolyma and Severnaya Dvina) is predicted to range from 30% to 122% by 2100. © 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. Keywords: Arctic rivers; Suspended sediment; Sediment flux; Temporal variation 1. Introduction important for detecting possible future natural and anthropogenic change (Holmes et al., 2002). Fluxes of water and suspended sediments from arctic Erosion, transport and fluxes of fluvial sediment are rivers to the ocean are àn integrated expression of functions of many factors. Among non-anthropogenic processes occurring in their watersheds. Changes in factors, the most significant are the size of à drainage these fluxes are a reflection of the natural and basin and the largå-scale relief within the basin (Pinet anthropogenic changes in the Arctic. Accurate estimates and Sourian, 1988; Milliman and Syvitski, 1992; of fluvial sediment fluxes in the Arctic are fundamental Harrison, 1994; Syvitski, 2002). Other factors are to an understanding of land–ocean linkages, as well as local relief, climate, precipitation, runoff, basin geology contaminant and nutrient processes. They are also very including the erodibility of the substrate, vegetation, ice cover and lakes, all of these factors have a high correlation with the size of drainage basin or large-scale E-mail address: [email protected]. relief (Fournier, 1960; Douglas, 1967; Ahnert, 1970; 0169-555X/$ - see front matter © 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. doi:10.1016/j.geomorph.2005.09.008 V.V. Gordeev / Geomorphology 80 (2006) 94–104 95 Wilson, 1973; Jansen and Painter, 1974; Milliman, The Yukon River (Alaska) which drains into the Pacific 1980; Walling, 1987; Milliman and Syvitski, 1992). Ocean just south of the Bering Straits is also included. In the former Soviet Union, sampling programs to The flow of the Yukon influences the freshwater budget measure Arctic river suspended sediments were begun of the Arctic Ocean. There are several geographical between 1935 and 1966 within the framework of the definitions of the Arctic Ocean boundaries (Prowse and Russian Federal Service for Hydrometeorology and Flegg, 2000) not all of which include the Yukon River in Environmental Monitoring (Roshydromet). The first the basin of the Arctic Ocean. The definition of the assessments of sediment fluxes appeared in the 1950s Arctic Ocean and its drainage basin used in this paper is (Shamov, 1949, Lopatin, 1952). Subsequently the adopted from the NATO Research Workshop “Arctic suspended sediment studies were carried out by Ocean Freshwater Budget”: the “Arctic Ocean River specialists at the State Hydrological Institute, Leningrad Basin — AORB” (Lewis, 2000). This defines the Arctic (Bobrovitskaya, 1968; Lisitzyna, 1974; Karaushev, Ocean as being bounded by the Russian mainland, a line 1974), the Arctic and Antarctic Research Institute, across Bering strait, the north coast of Alaska and the Leningrad (Ivanov and Piskun, 1995), the Moscow State northernmost limit of the islands in the Canadian Arctic University (Alabyan et al., 1995; Mikhailov, 1997; Archipelago, then across Kennedy Channel to Peary Magritsky, 2001), the P.P. Shirshov Institute of Ocean- Land, across Svalbard, down to the Nordkapp in ology, Moscow (Lisitzyn, 1972; Gordeev et al., 1996) Norway and back to the Russian coast. The total and others. contributing area for the AORB definition is 15.5× The discharge of water and suspended sediment by l06 km2 with a total mean river discharge of 3299km3/ the largest river of the Canadian Arctic, the Mackenzie year and a range of 3043 to 3546km3/year (Prowse and River, has been monitored by Environment Canada Flegg, 2000). since the early 1970s and nearly all of the published estimates of sediment flux into the delta rely on the 2. River water and sediment fluxes Environment Canada database. Fig. 1 shows the geographical provinces, major river Mean multi-annual river water and suspended matter basins and watershed boundaries in the Arctic Ocean. discharges for the main rivers of the Arctic are shown in Fig. 1. Map of the Arctic Ocean showing river basins and watershed boundaries. Rivers: 1 — Onega, 2 — Severnaya Dvina, 3 — Mezen, 4 — Pechora, 5 — Ob, 6 — Pur, 7 — Taz, 8 — Yenisey, 9 — Pyasina, 10 — Khatanga, 11 — Olenjok, 12 — Lena, 13 — Omoloy, 14 — Yana, 15 — Indigirka, 16 — Alazeya, 17 — Kolyma, 18 — Yukon, 19 — Mackenzie (modified from Carmack, 2000). 96 V.V. Gordeev / Geomorphology 80 (2006) 94–104 Table 1. Data for the Russian Arctic are from the territory is 2932km3, and is 367km3 from the Canadian Roshydromet database for the period 1970–1995. Total Arctic. Mean specific discharge for the Russian Arctic is discharge into the Arctic Ocean from the Russian 7.3l/s·km2 and 5l/s·km2 for the Canadian Arctic, lower Table 1 Total river water and suspended matter discharge into the Arctic Ocean (Gordeev et al., 1996; Holmes et al., 2002; Gordeev and Rachold, 2003) River Area Discharge Total suspended matter 3 2 10 km − − − − − − − km3 m3·s 1 1·s 1·km 2 106 t·y 1 g·m 3 t·km 2·y 1 Barents and White seas Onega 57 15.9 500 8.8 0.3 18 5.2 S. Dvina 357 110 3470 9.7 4.1 37 12.0 Mezen 78 27.2 860 11.0 0.6 33 7.7 Pechora 324 131 4130 12.7 4.4 72 38.0 Other area 570 179 5690 10.0 3.5 19 6.2 Total 1386 463 14,600 10.7 17.9 39 12.9 Kara sea Ob 2545 404 12,760 5.0 15.5 37 6.4 Nadym 64 18 570 8.9 0.4 22 6.2 Pyr 112 34.3 1080 9.8 0.7 18 6.2 Taz 150 44.3 1400 9.5 0.7 21 4.7 Yenisei 2594 620 19,600 7.6 4.7 8 1.9 Pyasina 182 86 2730 15 3.4 39 18.8 Other area 867 275 8690 10.0 5.5 20 6.3 Total 6589 1480 46,830 7.1 30.9 21 4.7 Laptevs sea Khatanga 364 85.3 2700 7.4 1.7 20 4.6 Anabar 100 17.3 550 5.5 0.4 24 4.1 Olenjok 219 32.8 1040 4.7 1.1 38 5.1 Lena 2448 523 16,530 6.7 20.7 39 8.5 Omoloy 39 7 220 5.7 0.04 18 1.0 Yana 225 31.9 1010 4.5 4.0 130 17.8 Other area 197 40.3 1280 6.5 0.65 16 3.3 Total 3592 738 23,330 6.5 28.6 39 8.0 East Siberian sea Indigirka 360 54.2 1710 4.7 11.1 207 30.8 Alazeya 68 1.5 50 4.1 0.1 67 3.4 Kolyma 647 122 3860 6.0 10.1 83 19.0 Other area 252 48.2 1530 6 3.85 80 15.3 Total 1327 233 7380 5.6 25.15 108 19 Chukchi sea without Alaska Amguema 29.6 9.2 290 9.7 0.05 6 1.8 Other area 64.6 11.2 2050 5.5 0.65 58 10 Total 94.2 20.4 2340 6.8 0.7 34 7.4 Eurasian Arctic basin Total 12,987 2932 94,480 7.3 102.2 36 7.9 Chukchi sea (Alaska) and Beaufort sea Kobuk 24.7 –––––– Kuparuk 8.1 –––––– Mackenzie 1787 330 10,430 5.8 124 168 74 Other area 726 37 1170 1.6 1.1 –– Canadian Arctic basin Total 2513 367 11,600 5.0 125.1 – 50 Total Arctic 15,500 3299 106,080 6.8 227.3 68 14.7 V.V. Gordeev / Geomorphology 80 (2006) 94–104 97 than the global mean of 11l/s·km2 (Milliman, 1991).
Load more

Recommended publications
  • XI. International Conference on Permafrost, Book of Abstracts
    XI. INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON PERMAFROST | 20.-24. JUNE 2016 Landscapes and thermokarst lake area changes in Yedoma regions under modern climate conditions, Kolyma lowland tundra Aleksandra Veremeeva1, Nagezhda Glushkova2, Frank Günther3, Ingmar Nitze3, & Guido Grosse3 1Institute of Physical, Chemical and Biological Problems in Soil Science, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Russia 2Institute of Geology and Mineralogy SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia 3Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Potsdam, Germany Recent landscape changes in the Yedoma region period. This map shows the magnitude and direction are particularly pronounced in varying thermokarst of changes for each multi-spectral index, which are lake areas reflecting the reaction of the land surface used as proxies for different land-surface properties. on modern climate changes. However, although ther- For single locations, the entire time-series can be fur- mokarst lake change detection is essential for the ther analyzed in more detail. For the period from quantification of water body expansion and drainage 1999 till 2005 air temperatures and precipitation have within a region, remote sensing-derived surface reflec- been analysed for several weather stations that existed tion trends additionally provide valuable information in the region. The Landsat time series analysis for about the general landscape development. The aim of the last 15 years shows that the northern part of the this research is to reveal the regularities of landscape region became wetter over the last 5 – 6 years. The and thermokarst lakes area changes in the Kolyma alases are particularly affected by the wetting trend. lowland tundra in comparison with meteorological The analysis of the meteo-data shows a trend of in- data and geological and geomorphological features.
    [Show full text]
  • Tectonic Evolution of the Mesozoic South Anyui Suture Zone, GEOSPHERE; V
    Research Paper GEOSPHERE Tectonic evolution of the Mesozoic South Anyui suture zone, GEOSPHERE; v. 11, no. 5 eastern Russia: A critical component of paleogeographic doi:10.1130/GES01165.1 reconstructions of the Arctic region 18 figures; 5 tables; 2 supplemental files; 1 animation Jeffrey M. Amato1, Jaime Toro2, Vyacheslav V. Akinin3, Brian A. Hampton1, Alexander S. Salnikov4, and Marianna I. Tuchkova5 1Department of Geological Sciences, New Mexico State University, MSC 3AB, P.O. Box 30001, Las Cruces, New Mexico 88003, USA CORRESPONDENCE: [email protected] 2Department of Geology and Geography, West Virginia University, 330 Brooks Hall, P.O. Box 6300, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506, USA 3North-East Interdisciplinary Scientific Research Institute, Far East Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Magadan, Portovaya Street, 16, 685000, Russia CITATION: Amato, J.M., Toro, J., Akinin, V.V., Hamp- 4Siberian Research Institute of Geology, Geophysics, and Mineral Resources, 67 Krasny Prospekt, Novosibirsk, 630091, Russia ton, B.A., Salnikov, A.S., and Tuchkova, M.I., 2015, 5Geological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pyzhevskii per. 7, Moscow, 119017, Russia Tectonic evolution of the Mesozoic South Anyui su- ture zone, eastern Russia: A critical component of paleogeographic reconstructions of the Arctic region: ABSTRACT INTRODUCTION Geosphere, v. 11 no. 5, p. 1530–1564, doi: 10 .1130 /GES01165.1. The South Anyui suture zone consists of late Paleozoic–Jurassic ultra- The South Anyui suture zone (Fig. 1) is a remnant of a Mesozoic ocean Received 19 December 2014 mafic rocks and Jurassic–Cretaceous pre-, syn-, and postcollisional sedimen- basin that separated the Arctic Alaska–Chukotka microplate from Siberia Revision received 2 July 2015 tary rocks.
    [Show full text]
  • Detailed Species Accounts from the Threatened Birds Of
    Threatened Birds of Asia: The BirdLife International Red Data Book Editors N. J. COLLAR (Editor-in-chief), A. V. ANDREEV, S. CHAN, M. J. CROSBY, S. SUBRAMANYA and J. A. TOBIAS Maps by RUDYANTO and M. J. CROSBY Principal compilers and data contributors ■ BANGLADESH P. Thompson ■ BHUTAN R. Pradhan; C. Inskipp, T. Inskipp ■ CAMBODIA Sun Hean; C. M. Poole ■ CHINA ■ MAINLAND CHINA Zheng Guangmei; Ding Changqing, Gao Wei, Gao Yuren, Li Fulai, Liu Naifa, Ma Zhijun, the late Tan Yaokuang, Wang Qishan, Xu Weishu, Yang Lan, Yu Zhiwei, Zhang Zhengwang. ■ HONG KONG Hong Kong Bird Watching Society (BirdLife Affiliate); H. F. Cheung; F. N. Y. Lock, C. K. W. Ma, Y. T. Yu. ■ TAIWAN Wild Bird Federation of Taiwan (BirdLife Partner); L. Liu Severinghaus; Chang Chin-lung, Chiang Ming-liang, Fang Woei-horng, Ho Yi-hsian, Hwang Kwang-yin, Lin Wei-yuan, Lin Wen-horn, Lo Hung-ren, Sha Chian-chung, Yau Cheng-teh. ■ INDIA Bombay Natural History Society (BirdLife Partner Designate) and Sálim Ali Centre for Ornithology and Natural History; L. Vijayan and V. S. Vijayan; S. Balachandran, R. Bhargava, P. C. Bhattacharjee, S. Bhupathy, A. Chaudhury, P. Gole, S. A. Hussain, R. Kaul, U. Lachungpa, R. Naroji, S. Pandey, A. Pittie, V. Prakash, A. Rahmani, P. Saikia, R. Sankaran, P. Singh, R. Sugathan, Zafar-ul Islam ■ INDONESIA BirdLife International Indonesia Country Programme; Ria Saryanthi; D. Agista, S. van Balen, Y. Cahyadin, R. F. A. Grimmett, F. R. Lambert, M. Poulsen, Rudyanto, I. Setiawan, C. Trainor ■ JAPAN Wild Bird Society of Japan (BirdLife Partner); Y. Fujimaki; Y. Kanai, H.
    [Show full text]
  • Monthly Discharges for 2400 Rivers and Streams of the Former Soviet Union [FSU]
    Annotations for Monthly Discharges for 2400 Rivers and Streams of the former Soviet Union [FSU] v1.1, September, 2001 Byron A. Bodo [email protected] Toronto, Canada Disclaimer Users assume responsibility for errors in the river and stream discharge data, associated metadata [river names, gauge names, drainage areas, & geographic coordinates], and the annotations contained herein. No doubt errors and discrepancies remain in the metadata and discharge records. Anyone data set users who uncover further errors and other discrepancies are invited to report them to NCAR. Acknowledgement Most discharge records in this compilation originated from the State Hydrological Institute [SHI] in St. Petersburg, Russia. Problems with some discharge records and metadata notwithstanding; this compilation could not have been created were it not for the efforts of SHI. The University of New Hampshire’s Global Hydrology Group is credited for making the SHI Arctic Basin data available. Foreword This document was prepared for on-screen viewing, not printing !!! Printed output can be very messy. To ensure wide accessibility, this document was prepared as an MS Word 6 doc file. The www addresses are not active hyperlinks. They have to be copied and pasted into www browsers. Clicking on a page number in the Table of Contents will jump the cursor to the beginning of that section of text [in the MS Word version, not the pdf file]. Distribution Files Files in the distribution package are listed below: Contents File name short abstract abstract.txt ascii description of
    [Show full text]
  • VI. Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) Overview of the Region Josh
    Saving Russia's Far Eastern Taiga : Deforestation, Protected Areas, and Forests 'Hotspots' VI. Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) Overview of the Region Josh Newell Location The Republic of Yakutia (Sakha), situated in northeastern Siberia, stretches to the Henrietta Islands (77 N) in the far north and is washed by the Arctic Ocean (Laptev and Eastern Siberian Seas). These waters, the coldest and iciest of all seas in the northern hemisphere, are covered by ice for 9 to 10 months of the year. The Stanovoy Ridge (55 D. 30 D. N) borders Yakutia in the south, the upper reaches of the Olenyok River form the western border, and Chukotka forms the eastern border (165 E). Size Almost one-fifth of the territory of the Russian Federation (3,103,200 sq. km.) and greater than the combined areas of France, Austria, Germany, Italy, Sweden, England, Greece, and Finland. Climate Winter is prolonged and severe, with average January temperatures about -40C. Summer is short but warm; the average in July is 13C and temperatures have reached 39C in Yakutsk. In the northeast, the town of Verekhoyansk reaches -70C (-83F) and is considered the coldest inhabited place on Earth. There is little precipitation - from 150-200 mm. in Central Yakutia to 500-700 mm. in the mountains of eastern and southern Yakutia. Geography and Ecology Forty percent of Yakutia lies within the Arctic Circle and all of it is covered by eternally frozen ground- permafrost - which greatly influences the region's ecology and limits forests to the southern region. Yakutia can be divided into three great vegetation belts.
    [Show full text]
  • Wetlands in Russia
    WETLANDS IN RUSSIA Volume 4 Wetlands in Northeastern Russia Compiled by A.V.Andreev Moscow 2004 © Wetlands International, 2004 All rights reserved. Apart from any fair dealing for the purpose of private study, research, criticism, or review (as permitted under the Copyright Designs and Patents Act 1988) no part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, electrical, chemical, mechanical, optical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without prior permission of the copyright holder. The production of this publication has been generously supported by the Ministry of Agriculture, Nature and Food Quality, The Netherlands Citation: Andreev, A.V. 2004. Wetlands in Russia, Volume 4: Wetlands in Northeastern Russia. Wetlands International–Russia Programme.198 pp. ISBN 90-5882-024-6 Editorial Board: V.O.Avdanin, V.G.Vinogradov, V.Yu. Iliashenko, I.E.Kamennova, V.G.Krivenko, V.A.Orlov, V.S.Ostapenko, V.E.Flint Translation: Yu.V.Morozov Editing of English text: D. Engelbrecht Layout: M.A.Kiryushkin Cover photograph: A.V.Andreev Designed and produced by KMK Scientific Press Available from: Wetlands International-Russia Programme Nikoloyamskaya Ulitsa, 19, stroeniye 3 Moscow 109240, Russia Fax: + 7 095 7270938; E-mail: [email protected] The presentation of material in this publication and the geographical designations employed do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of Wetlands International, concerning the legal status of any territory or area,
    [Show full text]
  • Russian Cartography to Ca. 1700 L
    62 • Russian Cartography to ca. 1700 L. A. Goldenberg the Sources of the Cartography of Russia,” Imago Mundi 16 (1962): The perception of a “foreign beginning” to Russian car- 33– 48. 1 tography is deeply rooted. It has been fostered by the 2. In al-Idrı¯sı¯’s large world map, Eastern Europe is placed on eight irretrievable loss of indigenous Russian maps of pre- sheets (nos. 54 –57, 64 –67), which show the Caspian lands, Bashkiria, seventeenth-century date, along with the unfamiliarity Volga Bulgaria, the upper reaches of the Severny (Severskiy) Donets, the with other sources. Thus the traditional cartographic im- Black Sea area, the lower Dniester area, the upper Dnieper area, the Carpathians, the Danube area, and the Baltic area, whereas the north- age of Russia was that provided by the Western European ern Caucasus and the lower Volga area are more distorted. In al-Idrı¯sı¯’s mapmakers. The name “Russia” first appeared in this map, sources for the ancient centers of ninth-century Rus are combined foreign cartographic record in the twelfth century. For ex- with more precise data on the well-traveled trade routes of the twelfth ample, on the Henry of Mainz mappamundi (ca. 1110), century. For al-Idrı¯sı¯ and the map of 1154, see S. Maqbul Ahmad, “Car- it is placed north of the mouth of the Danube; on the map tography of al-Sharı¯f al-Idı¯sı¯,” in HC 2.1:156 –74; Konrad Miller, Map- 2 pae arabicae: Arabische Welt- und Länderkarten des 9.–13. Jahrhun- of the cartographer al-Idrı¯sı¯ (1154), interesting geo- derts, 6 vols.
    [Show full text]
  • Chronology of the Key Historical Events on the Eastern Seas of the Russian Arctic (The Laptev Sea, the East Siberian Sea, the Chukchi Sea)
    Chronology of the Key Historical Events on the Eastern Seas of the Russian Arctic (the Laptev Sea, the East Siberian Sea, the Chukchi Sea) Seventeenth century 1629 At the Yenisei Voivodes’ House “The Inventory of the Lena, the Great River” was compiled and it reads that “the Lena River flows into the sea with its mouth.” 1633 The armed forces of Yenisei Cossacks, headed by Postnik, Ivanov, Gubar, and M. Stadukhin, arrived at the lower reaches of the Lena River. The Tobolsk Cossack, Ivan Rebrov, was the first to reach the mouth of Lena, departing from Yakutsk. He discovered the Olenekskiy Zaliv. 1638 The first Russian march toward the Pacific Ocean from the upper reaches of the Aldan River with the departure from the Butalskiy stockade fort was headed by Ivan Yuriev Moskvitin, a Cossack from Tomsk. Ivan Rebrov discovered the Yana Bay. He Departed from the Yana River, reached the Indigirka River by sea, and built two stockade forts there. 1641 The Cossack foreman, Mikhail Stadukhin, was sent to the Kolyma River. 1642 The Krasnoyarsk Cossack, Ivan Erastov, went down the Indigirka River up to its mouth and by sea reached the mouth of the Alazeya River, being the first one at this river and the first one to deliver the information about the Chukchi. 1643 Cossacks F. Chukichev, T. Alekseev, I. Erastov, and others accomplished the sea crossing from the mouth of the Alazeya River to the Lena. M. Stadukhin and D. Yarila (Zyryan) arrived at the Kolyma River and founded the Nizhnekolymskiy stockade fort on its bank.
    [Show full text]
  • Deposition As Cold-Climate Loess, Duvanny Yar, Northeast Siberia
    This is a repository copy of Palaeoenvironmental Interpretation of Yedoma Silt (Ice Complex) Deposition as Cold-Climate Loess, Duvanny Yar, Northeast Siberia. White Rose Research Online URL for this paper: http://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/99922/ Version: Submitted Version Article: Murton, J.B., Goslar, T., Edwards, M.E. et al. (15 more authors) (2015) Palaeoenvironmental Interpretation of Yedoma Silt (Ice Complex) Deposition as Cold-Climate Loess, Duvanny Yar, Northeast Siberia. Permafrost and Periglacial Processes, 26 (3). pp. 208-288. ISSN 1045-6740 https://doi.org/10.1002/ppp.1843 Reuse Unless indicated otherwise, fulltext items are protected by copyright with all rights reserved. The copyright exception in section 29 of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988 allows the making of a single copy solely for the purpose of non-commercial research or private study within the limits of fair dealing. The publisher or other rights-holder may allow further reproduction and re-use of this version - refer to the White Rose Research Online record for this item. Where records identify the publisher as the copyright holder, users can verify any specific terms of use on the publisher’s website. Takedown If you consider content in White Rose Research Online to be in breach of UK law, please notify us by emailing [email protected] including the URL of the record and the reason for the withdrawal request. [email protected] https://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/ 1 1 Palaeoenvironmental interpretation of yedoma silt (Ice Complex) deposition as cold-climate loess, 2 Duvanny Yar, northeast Siberia 3 Julian B.
    [Show full text]
  • Woolly Mammoths from the East Siberian Sea Coast, Continental
    University of Groningen ‘Semi-dwarf’ woolly mammoths from the East Siberian Sea coast, continental Russia Kirillova, Irina V.; Borisova, Olga K.; Chernova, Olga F.; Van Kolfschoten, Thijs; Van Der Lubbe, Jeroen H. J. L.; Panin, Andrey V.; Pečnerová, Patricia; Van Der Plicht, Johannes; Shidlovskiy, Fedor K.; Titov, Vadim V. Published in: Boreas DOI: 10.1111/bor.12431 IMPORTANT NOTE: You are advised to consult the publisher's version (publisher's PDF) if you wish to cite from it. Please check the document version below. Document Version Publisher's PDF, also known as Version of record Publication date: 2020 Link to publication in University of Groningen/UMCG research database Citation for published version (APA): Kirillova, I. V., Borisova, O. K., Chernova, O. F., Van Kolfschoten, T., Van Der Lubbe, J. H. J. L., Panin, A. V., Pečnerová, P., Van Der Plicht, J., Shidlovskiy, F. K., Titov, V. V., & Zanina, O. G. (2020). ‘Semi-dwarf’ woolly mammoths from the East Siberian Sea coast, continental Russia. Boreas, 49(2), 269-285. https://doi.org/10.1111/bor.12431 Copyright Other than for strictly personal use, it is not permitted to download or to forward/distribute the text or part of it without the consent of the author(s) and/or copyright holder(s), unless the work is under an open content license (like Creative Commons). Take-down policy If you believe that this document breaches copyright please contact us providing details, and we will remove access to the work immediately and investigate your claim. Downloaded from the University of Groningen/UMCG research database (Pure): http://www.rug.nl/research/portal.
    [Show full text]
  • Frozen Zoo: a Collection of Permafrost Samples Containing Viable Protists and Their Viruses
    Biodiversity Data Journal 8: e51586 doi: 10.3897/BDJ.8.e51586 Data Paper Frozen Zoo: a collection of permafrost samples containing viable protists and their viruses Stas Malavin‡, Lyubov Shmakova‡, Jean-Michel Claverie§, Elizaveta Rivkina‡ ‡ Soil Cryology Lab, Institute of Physicochemical and Biological Problems in Soil Science RAS, Pushchino, Russia § Aix-Marseille University, CNRS, IGS (UMR7256), IMM (FR3479), Marseille, France Corresponding author: Stas Malavin ([email protected]) Academic editor: Anna Maria Fiore-Donno Received: 28 Feb 2020 | Accepted: 03 Jul 2020 | Published: 10 Jul 2020 Citation: Malavin S, Shmakova L, Claverie J-M, Rivkina E (2020) Frozen Zoo: a collection of permafrost samples containing viable protists and their viruses. Biodiversity Data Journal 8: e51586. https://doi.org/10.3897/BDJ.8.e51586 Abstract Background Permafrost, frozen ground cemented with ice, occupies about a quarter of the Earth’s hard surface and reaches up to 1000 metres depth. Due to constant subzero temperatures, permafrost represents a unique record of past epochs, whenever it comes to accumulated methane, oxygen isotope ratio or stored mummies of animals. Permafrost is also a unique environment where cryptobiotic stages of different microorganisms are trapped and stored alive for up to hundreds of thousands of years. Several protist strains and two giant protist viruses isolated from permafrost cores have been already described. New information In this paper, we describe a collection of 35 amoeboid protist strains isolated from the samples of Holocene and Pleistocene permanently frozen sediments. These samples are stored at −18°C in the Soil Cryology Lab, Pushchino, Russia and may be used for further studies and isolation attempts.
    [Show full text]
  • New Insights Into the Weichselian Environment and Climate of the East Siberian Arctic, Derived Fromfossil Insects, Plants, and Mammals$
    ARTICLE IN PRESS Quaternary Science Reviews 24 (2005) 533–569 New insights into the Weichselian environment and climate of the East Siberian Arctic, derived fromfossil insects, plants, and mammals$ A.V. Shera,Ã, S.A. Kuzminab, T.V. Kuznetsovac, L.D. Sulerzhitskyd aSevertsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution, Russian Academy of Sciences (RAS), 33 Leninskiy Prospect, 119071 Moscow, Russia bPaleontological Institute, RAS, 123 Profsoyuznaya St., 117868 Moscow, Russia cMoscow State University, Department of Paleontology, Vorobyovy Gory, 119899 Moscow, Russia dGeological Institute, RAS, 7 Pyzhevsky Per., 109017 Moscow, Russia Received 12 March 2004; accepted 24 September 2004 Abstract Multidisciplinary study of a key section on the Laptev Sea Coast (Bykovsky Peninsula, east Lena Delta) in 1998–2001 provides the most complete record of Middle and Late Weichselian environments in the East Siberian Arctic. The 40-m high Mamontovy Khayata cliff is a typical Ice Complex section built of icy silts with a network of large syngenetic polygonal ice wedges, and is richly fossiliferous. In combination with pollen, plant macrofossil and mammal fossils, a sequence of ca 70 insect samples provides a new interpretation of the environment and climate of the area between ca 50 and 12 ka. The large number of radiocarbon dates from the section, together with an extensive 14C database on mammal bones, allows chronological correlation of the various proxies. The Bykovsky record shows how climate change, and the Last Glacial Maximum in particular, affected terrestrial organisms such as insects and large grazing mammals. Both during the presumed ‘‘Karginsky Interstadial’’ (MIS 3) and the Sartanian Glacial (MIS 2), the vegetation remained a mosaic arctic grassland with relatively high diversity of grasses and herbs and dominance of xeric habitats: the tundra-steppe type.
    [Show full text]