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Woolly Mammoths from the East Siberian Sea Coast, Continental University of Groningen ‘Semi-dwarf’ woolly mammoths from the East Siberian Sea coast, continental Russia Kirillova, Irina V.; Borisova, Olga K.; Chernova, Olga F.; Van Kolfschoten, Thijs; Van Der Lubbe, Jeroen H. J. L.; Panin, Andrey V.; Pečnerová, Patricia; Van Der Plicht, Johannes; Shidlovskiy, Fedor K.; Titov, Vadim V. Published in: Boreas DOI: 10.1111/bor.12431 IMPORTANT NOTE: You are advised to consult the publisher's version (publisher's PDF) if you wish to cite from it. Please check the document version below. Document Version Publisher's PDF, also known as Version of record Publication date: 2020 Link to publication in University of Groningen/UMCG research database Citation for published version (APA): Kirillova, I. V., Borisova, O. K., Chernova, O. F., Van Kolfschoten, T., Van Der Lubbe, J. H. J. L., Panin, A. V., Pečnerová, P., Van Der Plicht, J., Shidlovskiy, F. K., Titov, V. V., & Zanina, O. G. (2020). ‘Semi-dwarf’ woolly mammoths from the East Siberian Sea coast, continental Russia. Boreas, 49(2), 269-285. https://doi.org/10.1111/bor.12431 Copyright Other than for strictly personal use, it is not permitted to download or to forward/distribute the text or part of it without the consent of the author(s) and/or copyright holder(s), unless the work is under an open content license (like Creative Commons). Take-down policy If you believe that this document breaches copyright please contact us providing details, and we will remove access to the work immediately and investigate your claim. Downloaded from the University of Groningen/UMCG research database (Pure): http://www.rug.nl/research/portal. For technical reasons the number of authors shown on this cover page is limited to 10 maximum. Download date: 24-09-2021 bs_bs_banner ‘Semi-dwarf’ woolly mammoths from the East Siberian Sea coast, continental Russia IRINA V. KIRILLOVA, OLGA K. BORISOVA, OLGA F. CHERNOVA, THIJS VAN KOLFSCHOTEN, JEROEN H. J. L. VAN DER LUBBE, ANDREY V. PANIN, PATRICIA PECNEROV A, JOHANNES VAN DER PLICHT, FEDOR K. SHIDLOVSKIY, VADIM V. TITOV AND OKSANA G. ZANINA Kirillova, I. V., Borisova, O. K., Chernova, O. F., van Kolfschoten, T., van der Lubbe, J. H. J. L., Panin, A. V., Pecnerova, P., van der Plicht, J., Shidlovskiy, F. K., Titov, V. V. & Zanina, O. G. 2020 (April): ‘Semi-dwarf’ woolly mammoths from the East Siberian Sea coast, continental Russia. Boreas, Vol. 49, pp. 269–285. https://doi.org/10. 1111/bor.12431. ISSN 0300-9483. A pioneer comprehensive study of several diminutive last-generation woolly mammoth teeth (M3) found on the coast of the East Siberian Sea between the mouths of the Alazeya and Malaya Kuropatoch’ya rivers was conducted. Two teeth belonged to one individual. These teeth have a similar lamellar frequency and enamel thickness as teeth of Mammuthus primigenius Blumenbach. The molar crowns from the lower Alazeya region are similar in size to those of the small Late Pleistocene–Holocene mammoths from Wrangel Island. However, the number of plates (17–19, excluding talons) is much lower than that in the teeth of typical Late Pleistocene M. primigenius (23–25). The age data of the examined teeth are beyond the limits of the 14C dating method (>45 000 years BP). Nevertheless, palaeobotanical data allow correlation of the enclosing sediments with the warm Kazantsevo Interglacial (Eemian, MIS 5e) and reconstruction of the average annual temperature, which was warmer than present-day temperatures. These conditions are confirmed by the d18O isotopes from the structurally bound carbonate in tooth enamel. The ancient landscape was wetter and more forested than modern landscapes. The diminution of M3 size and loss of posterior plateswere a result of the overall decrease in body size, likely in response to landscape change and narrowing of resource space. Mammoths from the lower Alazeya region demonstrate a stage of significant size reduction, although the dwarfing was not finalized. Their teeth are the oldest amongst the small teeth found in west Beringia. IrinaV.Kirillova([email protected])andFedorK.Shidlovskiy,NationalAllianceof Shidlovskiy‘IceAge’, Mira Prt. 119, Moscow 129223, Russia; Olga K. Borisova and Andrey V. Panin, Institute of Geography, Russian Academy of Sciences, Staromonetny lane, Bldg 29, Moscow 119017, Russia; Olga F. Chernova, A.N. Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution, Russian Academyof Sciences, Leninskiy Prt. 33, Moscow 119071, Russia; Thijs van Kolfschoten, Faculty of Archaeology, Leiden University, Nijenborgh 6, Leiden 2333 CC, The Netherlands and Institute of Cultural Heritage, Shandong University, 72 Binhai Highway, Qingdao 266237, China; Jeroen H. J. L. van der Lubbe, Faculty of Science, Geology and Geochemistry cluster, Vrije Universiteit (VU) Amsterdam, de Boelelaan 1085, Amsterdam 1081 HV, The Netherlands; Andrey V.Panin, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory, Bldg 1, Moscow 119991, Russia; Patricia Pecnerova, Evolutionary Genetics Department of Bioinformatics and Genetics, Swedish Museum of Natural History, Box 50007, Stockholm SE-10405, Sweden and Department of Zoology, Stockholm University, Stockholm SE- 10691, Sweden; Johannes van der Plicht, Faculty of Archaeology, Leiden University, Nijenborgh 6, Leiden 2333 CC, The Netherlands and Center for Isotope Research, Groningen University, Nijenborgh 4, Groningen 9747 AG, The Netherlands; Vadim V.Titov, Southern Scientific Centre, Russian Academy of Sciences, Chekhov Str., Bldg 41, Rostov- on-Don 344006, Russia; Oksana G. Zanina, Institute of Physicochemical and Biological Problems of Soil Science Institutskaya str. 2, Pushchino, Moscow Region 142290, Russia; received 29th June 2019, accepted 8th December 2019. The Eurasian Pleistocene mammalian fauna was char- 1885), were found on the Mediterranean island of acterized by the occurrence of large-sized species, the so- Sardinia (Palombo et al. 2012). On Crete, the remains of called megafauna, which included the woolly mammoth a very small mammoth referred to as M. creticus (Bate Mammuthus primigenius, the straight-tusked elephant 1905), a derivative of M. meridionalis (Herridge & Palaeoloxodon antiquus, the woolly rhinoceros Coelo- Lister 2012), were collected. This species was even donta antiquitatis, the Siberian unicorn Elasmotherium smaller than the Sardinian M. lamarmorai. In all these sibiricum, the bison Bison priscus, etc. However, fossil cases, the animals lived in insular isolation, where records show that not all Pleistocene elephants pos- limited expansion of habitat combined with the absence sessed ‘mega’ stature. Ancient elephant/mammoth of large carnivores facilitated substantial size reduction populations from isolated islands indicate a substantial and resulted in viable populations of dwarfed elephants/ decrease in size, which led to the occurrence of dwarf mammoths. As exemplified by other species such as forms. An example of this was the pygmy Mammuthus Palaeoloxodon and Stegodon dwarfs from the islands of exilis (Stock & Furlong, 1928), a descendant of the Sunda Archipelago (Sulawesi, Flores, Timor, Sumba Colombian mammoth that lived in North America, and Java), the landscape and remote location of the from the Channel Islands near the coast of southern isolated territory were not the only decisive factors in the California (Agenbroad et al. 1999; Agenbroad 2009; reduction of these elephants’ body size. Other factors Bryson et al. 2010). Remains of a dwarfed mammoth such as interspecific competition are also assumed to be referred to as M. lamarmorai (Major 1883), considered important (Crockford 2008; van der Geer et al. 2016). It the descendant of the steppe M. trogontherii (Pohlig was noted that the degree of elephant dwarfism varied DOI 10.1111/bor.12431 © 2020 Collegium Boreas. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd 270 Irina V. Kirillova et al. BOREAS from island to island andwas independent of the islands’ reasons for the size reduction, and its position sizes (Palombo 2009; van der Geer et al. 2016). It was amongst Late Pleistocene woolly mammoths. noted that decrease in body size of elephants from the eastern Mediterranean islands occurred when a popu- Material and methods lation was isolated by at least 6–10 km and there was an absence of genetic contact with the mainland ancestors We examined a collection of 24 complete upper M3 teeth (Sen 2017; Athanassiou et al. 2019). Small (but not of woolly mammoth (hereafter referred to as ‘mam- dwarfed) woolly mammoth teeth found on Wrangel moths from the Alazeya region’) including a pair of Island (East Siberian/Chukchi Seas) and the Pribilof isolated teeth with the collection numbers F-3326 (right) Islands (Alaska) date to the Holocene (Garutt et al. and F-3327 (left) from a single individual (Fig. 2), 1993; Averianov et al. 1995; Tikhonov et al. 2003). hereafter referred to as the ‘Alazeya mammoth’. The Taimyr Peninsula, Yakutia, Great Britain, Ireland and roots of these molars were filled with sediment. In the North Sea also yielded relatively small Late Pleis- addition, the collection includes several mammoth teeth tocene mammoths (Garutt 1964; van Essen 1986; of various sizes, including other small specimens F-3889 Averianov et al. 1995; Boeskorov & Mol 2004; and F-1959. All the remains are well preserved; they Maschenko et al. 2006; den Ouden, et al. 2012; Lister contain traces of vivianite and are often ‘painted with &Grun€ 2015) and these remains have been known for a iron compounds’. The materials are stored in the long time (van Brandt 1832; Adams 1877–1881; Zalen- National Alliance of Shidlovskiy ‘Ice
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