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Baseline Assessment Study on Wastewater Management Belize
Caribbean Regional Fund for Wastewater Management Baseline Assessment Study on Wastewater Management Belize December 2013 Revised January 2015 Baseline Assessment Study for the GEF CReW Project: Belize December 2013 Prepared by Dr. Homero Silva Revised January 2015 CONTENTS List of Acronyms....................................................................................................................................................iii 1. Introduction ........................................................................................................................................................ 1 2. The National Context ....................................................................................................................................... 3 Description of the Country .................................................................................................................. 4 Geographic Characteristics ................................................................................................................. 6 Economy by Sectors ............................................................................................................................ 9 The Environment .............................................................................................................................. 13 Land Use, Land Use Changes and Forestry (LULUCF) ....................................................................... 20 Disasters .......................................................................................................................................... -
ATOLL RESEARCH BULLETIN No. 256 CAYS of the BELIZE
ATOLL RESEARCH BULLETIN No. 256 CAYS OF THE BELIZE BARRIER REEF AND LAGOON by D . R. Stoddart, F. R. Fosberg and D. L. Spellman Issued by THE SMlTHSONlAN INSTITUTION Washington, D. C., U.S.A. April 1982 CONTENTS List of Figures List of Plates i i Abstract 1 1. Introduction 2 2. Structure and environment 5 3. Sand cays of the northern barrier reef 9 St George's East Cay Paunch Cay Sergeant' s Cay Curlew Cay Go£ f ' s Cay Seal Cay English Cay Sandbore south of English Cay Samphire Spot Rendezvous Cay Jack's Cays Skiff Sand Cay Glory Tobacco Cay South Water Cay Carrie Bow Cay Curlew Cay 5. Sand cays of the southern barrier reef 23 Silk or Queen Cays North Silk Cay Middle Silk Cay Sauth Silk Cay Samphire Cay Round Cay Pompion Cay Ranguana Cay North Spot Tom Owen's Cay Tom Owen's East Cay Tom Owen's West Cay Cays between Tom Owen's Cays and Northeast Sapodilla Cay The Sapodilla Cays Northeast Sapodilla Cay Frank 's Cays Nicolas Cay Hunting Cay Lime Cay Ragged Cay Seal Cays 5. Cays of the barrier reef lagoon A. The northern lagoon Ambergris Cay Cay Caulker Cay Chapel St George ' s Cay Cays between Cay Chapel and Belize ~ohocay Stake Bank Spanish Lookout Cay Water Cay B. The Southern Triangles Robinson Point Cay Robinson Island Spanish Cay C. Cays of the central lagoon Tobacco Range Coco Plum Cay Man-o '-War Cay Water Range Weewee Cay Cat Cay Lagoon cays between Stewart Cay and Baker's Rendezvous Jack's Cay Buttonwood Cay Trapp 's Cay Cary Cay Bugle Cay Owen Cay Scipio Cay Colson Cay Hatchet Cay Little Water Cay Laughing Bird Cay Placentia Cay Harvest Cay iii D. -
MASARYK UNIVERSITY BRNO Diploma Thesis
MASARYK UNIVERSITY BRNO FACULTY OF EDUCATION Diploma thesis Brno 2018 Supervisor: Author: doc. Mgr. Martin Adam, Ph.D. Bc. Lukáš Opavský MASARYK UNIVERSITY BRNO FACULTY OF EDUCATION DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH LANGUAGE AND LITERATURE Presentation Sentences in Wikipedia: FSP Analysis Diploma thesis Brno 2018 Supervisor: Author: doc. Mgr. Martin Adam, Ph.D. Bc. Lukáš Opavský Declaration I declare that I have worked on this thesis independently, using only the primary and secondary sources listed in the bibliography. I agree with the placing of this thesis in the library of the Faculty of Education at the Masaryk University and with the access for academic purposes. Brno, 30th March 2018 …………………………………………. Bc. Lukáš Opavský Acknowledgements I would like to thank my supervisor, doc. Mgr. Martin Adam, Ph.D. for his kind help and constant guidance throughout my work. Bc. Lukáš Opavský OPAVSKÝ, Lukáš. Presentation Sentences in Wikipedia: FSP Analysis; Diploma Thesis. Brno: Masaryk University, Faculty of Education, English Language and Literature Department, 2018. XX p. Supervisor: doc. Mgr. Martin Adam, Ph.D. Annotation The purpose of this thesis is an analysis of a corpus comprising of opening sentences of articles collected from the online encyclopaedia Wikipedia. Four different quality categories from Wikipedia were chosen, from the total amount of eight, to ensure gathering of a representative sample, for each category there are fifty sentences, the total amount of the sentences altogether is, therefore, two hundred. The sentences will be analysed according to the Firabsian theory of functional sentence perspective in order to discriminate differences both between the quality categories and also within the categories. -
Chapter 3 Principles, Materials and Methods Used When Reconstructing
‘Under the shade I flourish’: An environmental history of northern Belize over the last three thousand five hundred years Elizabeth Anne Cecilia Rushton BMus BSc MSc Thesis submitted to the University of Nottingham for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy December 2014 ABSTRACT Environmental histories are multi-dimensional accounts of human interaction with the environment over time. They observe how and when the environment changes (material environmental histories), and the effects of human activities upon the environment (political environmental histories). Environmental histories also consider the thoughts and feelings that humans have had towards the environment (cultural/ intellectual environmental histories). Using the methodological framework of environmental history this research, located in sub-tropical northern Belize, brings together palaeoecological records (pollen and charcoal) with archival documentary sources. This has created an interdisciplinary account which considers how the vegetation of northern Belize has changed over the last 3,500 years and, in particular, how forest resources have been used during the British Colonial period (c. AD 1800 – 1950). The palaeoecological records are derived from lake sediment cores extracted from the New River Lagoon, adjacent to the archaeological site of Lamanai. For over 3,000 years Lamanai was a Maya settlement, and then, more recently, the site of two 16th century Spanish churches and a 19th century British sugar mill. The British archival records emanate from a wide variety of sources including: 19th century import and export records, 19th century missionary letters and 19th and 20th century meteorological records and newspaper articles. The integration of these two types of record has established a temporal range of 1500 BC to the present. -
The Atlantic Hurricane Season of 1968
March 1969 225 UDC 551.515.2(261.1)"1968" THE ATLANTICHURRICANE SEASON OF 1968 ARNOLD L. SUGG and PAUL J. HEBERT' National Hurricane Center, Weather Bureau, ESSA, Miami, Fla. ABSTRACT The 1968 hurricane season in the North Atlantic area, considered in its entirety, and synoptic and statistical aspects of individual storms are discussed. 1. GENERAL SUMMARY TABLE1.-Hurricane days, 1954-1968 The two hurricanes and onetropical storm inJune Year Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May June July Aug. Sept. Dec. Total Nov. Oct. equaled a record established in 1886.2 While there were __-_________ two other years, 1959 and 1936, with a total of three June 1954 ___.__.__.___._..... _____ ..-.-..... 1 ..". 5 8 16 ___._1 31 tropical cyclones, each is not unique as there were two I955 ___.___...4 ..". .____ _____ ..... ._.._..". 22 28 2 .." ~ _____ 56 1956___._..__. ..-....". ___._ ..... ..". ..-.- 1 9 2 ___..3 ____ ._ 15 storms and one hurricane in those years. Two hurricanes 1957__.____.._ _._._..... ..". __.__..". 3 ..... _.___19 _._._ .._.______ 22 occurring inJune are noteworthy when one considers 1958__.___..._ _.___..... ..". _____ .".. _____ .__._14 16 5 ..____.___ 35 1959 __._....._..... __.._ .-..._.___ ..". 1 2 ..___10 11 .._______. 24 there have only been 20 since 1886. This is approximately 1960___......_ ..-.._._._ .".. .____..___4 2 ____.13 ~ ____ .____ ____. 10 one every 4 yr, rather than two for any one June. In spite 1961 ___......_..... ..-.- ..". ___.._____ .... -
Significant Data on Major Disasters Worldwide, 1900-Present
DISASTER HISTORY Signi ficant Data on Major Disasters Worldwide, 1900 - Present Prepared for the Office of U.S. Foreign Disaster Assistance Agency for International Developnent Washington, D.C. 20523 Labat-Anderson Incorporated Arlington, Virginia 22201 Under Contract AID/PDC-0000-C-00-8153 INTRODUCTION The OFDA Disaster History provides information on major disasters uhich have occurred around the world since 1900. Informtion is mare complete on events since 1964 - the year the Office of Fore8jn Disaster Assistance was created - and includes details on all disasters to nhich the Office responded with assistance. No records are kept on disasters uhich occurred within the United States and its territories.* All OFDA 'declared' disasters are included - i.e., all those in uhich the Chief of the U.S. Diplmtic Mission in an affected country determined that a disaster exfsted uhich warranted U.S. govermnt response. OFDA is charged with responsibility for coordinating all USG foreign disaster relief. Significant anon-declared' disasters are also included in the History based on the following criteria: o Earthquake and volcano disasters are included if tbe mmber of people killed is at least six, or the total nmber uilled and injured is 25 or more, or at least 1,000 people art affect&, or damage is $1 million or more. o mather disasters except draught (flood, storm, cyclone, typhoon, landslide, heat wave, cold wave, etc.) are included if the drof people killed and injured totals at least 50, or 1,000 or mre are homeless or affected, or damage Is at least S1 mi 1l ion. o Drought disasters are included if the nunber affected is substantial. -
Saint Lucia: a Case Study
Climate Change Impacts on Coastal Transport Infrastructure in the Caribbean: Enhancing the Adaptive Capacity of Small Island Developing States (SIDS) Saint Lucia: A case study Climate Change Impacts on Coastal Transportation Infrastructure in the Caribbean: Enhancing the Adaptive Capacity of Small Island Developing States (SIDS) SAINT LUCIA: A case study © 2018, United Nations Conference on Trade and Development The findings, interpretations and conclusions expressed herein are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the United Nations or its officials or Member States. The designation employed and the presentation of material on any map in this work do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the United Nations concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. Photocopies and reproductions of excerpts are allowed with proper credits. This publication has not been formally edited. UNCTAD/DTL/TLB/2018/3 ii NOTE Please cite as UNCTAD (2017) Climate change impacts on coastal transport infrastructure in the Caribbean: enhancing the adaptive capacity of Small Island Developing States (SIDS), SAINT LUCIA: A case study. UNDA project 1415O. For further information about the project and relevant documentation, see SIDSport-ClimateAdapt.unctad.org. For further information about UNCTAD's related work, please contact the UNCTAD secretariat's Policy and Legislation Section at [email protected] or consult the website at unctad.org/ttl/legal. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This report was prepared by Isavela Monioudi (University of the Aegean) for UNCTAD, with contribution from Vasantha Chase, in support of UNCTAD’s technical assistance project "Climate change impacts on coastal transport infrastructure in the Caribbean: enhancing the adaptive capacity of Small Island Developing States (SIDS)", funded under the UN Development Account (UNDA project 1415O). -
Diagnosing the Binding Constraints on Economic Growth
Towards a Sustainable and Efficient State The Development Agenda of Belize Dougal Martin | Osmel Manzano Editors Inter-American Development Bank © Inter-American Development Bank, 2010 www.iadb.org The views and opinions presented in this publication are entirely those of the author(s), and do not necessarily reflect those of the Inter-American Development Bank, its Board of Executive Directors, or the countries they represent. This publication may be freely reproduced provided credit is given to the Inter-American Development Bank. Towards a Sustainable and Efficient State: The Development Agenda of Belize Publication Code: IDB-MG-100 Inter-American Development Bank 1300 New York Avenue, N.W. Washington, DC.20577 United States of America Editors Dougal Martin, Osmel Manzano Design Miki Fernandez Printed Washington, D.C., September 2010 Contents Acknowledgments. v Foreword . vii Part I. BINDING CONSTRAINTS ON GROWTH. 1 1. Diagnosing the Binding Constraints on Economic Growth . 3 2. Anchoring Fiscal Policy for Growth . 27 3. Challenges in the Financial Sector. 47 Part II. CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES IN THE PRODUCTIVE SECTORS. 59 4. Trade Sector: Exporting for Growth . 61 5. Infrastructure: Current Situation and Challenges. 79 6. Tourism: Achieving Balance for Sustainable Growth . 95 7. Agricultural Sector: Assessment and Priorities for Public Investment and Policy . 107 8. The Challenges of Managing the Oil Sector. 133 Part III. ENVIRONMENTAL SUSTAINABILITY. 149 9. Integrated Disaster Risk Management—Challenges and Opportunities. 151 10. Towards Environmentally Sustainable Development. 169 iii Part IV. SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT. 189 TS N 11. Protecting the Poor and Vulnerable in a Tight Fiscal Environment . 191 12. A Health Sector in Transition . -
1973 Variations of Hurricane Heat Potential in the Philippine Sea and the Gulf of Mexico
1973 VARIATIONS OF HURRICANE HEAT POTENTIAL IN THE PHILIPPINE SEA AND THE GULF OF MEXICO Paul Dennis Shuman NPS-58LR74031 NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL Monterey, California THESIS 1973 VARIATIONS OF HURRICANE HEAT POTENTIAL IN THE PHILIPPINE SEA AND THE GULP 1 OF MEXICO by Paul Dennis Shuman March 1974 Thesis Advisor: D. F. LeiDDer Prepared for: Office of Naval Research NASA-Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center Code 400P and Code 481 Zack H. Byrns, Code TF6 Arlington, VA 22217 Houston, TX 77058 AppAovzd fan. public neJLiLCUbz.; dUtAAJbution wnLbnittd. T160853 DUDLEY KiMUX LIBRARY NAVAL l-OSTGRADUATE SCHOOL iviONTEREY. CALIFORNIA 93940 1973 Variations of Hurricane Heat Potential in the Philippine Sea and the Gulf of Mexico by Paul Dennis Shuman Lieutenant Commander, United States Navy B.S., United States Naval Academy, 1965 Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of MASTER OF SCIENCE IN OCEANOGRAPHY from the NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL March 197^ 7%esis a. i DUDLEY KNOX LIBRARY NAVAL POSTGRADUATE Si MONTEREY, CALIFORNIA NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL Monterey, California Rear Admiral Mason Freeman Jack R. Borsting Superintendent Provost This thesis is prepared in conjunction with research supported in part by Office of Naval Research under Project Order No. PO-0121 and NASA-Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center under Project Order No. T-4650B. Reproduction of all or part of this report is authorized. Released as a Technical Report by: ABSTRACT The 1973 summer growth of hurricane heat potential (HHP) and its relation to tropical cyclones was studied in the Philippine Sea and the Gulf of Mexico on a monthly basis. -
National Scale Landslide Hazard Assessment Along the Road Corridors of Dominica and Saint Lucia
NATIONAL SCALE LANDSLIDE HAZARD ASSESSMENT ALONG THE ROAD CORRIDORS OF DOMINICA AND SAINT LUCIA JOVANI YIFRU March, 2015 SUPERVISORS: Dr. C.J. van Westen Dr. H.R.G.K. Hack NATIONAL SCALE LANDSLIDE HAZARD ASSESSMENT ALONG THE ROAD CORRIDORS OF DOMINICA AND SAINT LUCIA JOVANI YIFRU Enschede, The Netherlands, March, 2015 Thesis submitted to the Faculty of Geo-Information Science and Earth Observation of the University of Twente in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Geo-information Science and Earth Observation. Specialization: Applied Earth Sciences (Natural Hazards and Disaster Risk Management) SUPERVISORS: Dr. C.J. van Westen Dr. H.R.G.K. Hack THESIS ASSESSMENT BOARD: Prof.Dr. V.G Jetten (Chair) Dr. L.P.H. (Rens) van Beek (External Examiner, Universiteit Utrecht) DISCLAIMER This document describes work undertaken as part of a programme of study at the Faculty of Geo-Information Science and Earth Observation of the University of Twente. All views and opinions expressed therein remain the sole responsibility of the author, and do not necessarily represent those of the Faculty. ABSTRACT The Caribbean Islands of Dominica and Saint Lucia are characterized by their intense heavy rainfall and steep slopes which give rise to frequent landslide occurrences. This has affected their limited road network greatly in the past causing road damage and impeding vehicular traffic. In this research, the landslide susceptibility of different sections of the major roads of Dominica and Saint Lucia are analysed by characterizing them by their topography, geology and soil type. Unlike Dominica, some efforts have been made in Saint Lucia to manage the landslides triggered by rainfall focusing on road related landslides and, here, the methods utilized in Saint Lucia are assessed for their applicability in Dominica. -
G O O D I^E a R Astronaut Swims for His Life After A-O.K. Space Voyage
PAGE TWENTY iHattrI)eBter lEtmting Heralb The Weather Foreeut of C. S. Weather Bereee MoeAly fair. qnMe worm, honald About Town tonlghr'and Satardoy, ehoiiea e< thnnderahnwers late both days. The Zlpser Club on Brainard Goodyear The World's I.«w tonight in dOe. High Saturday PI., will hold a setback party Sat In 80e. urday fo;; members and friends at Manche$ter—^A City of Village Charm 8 p.m. Largest G-E Dealers Brings (FOURTEEN PAGES) Twelve members of the Soropt- MANCHESTER, CONN., FRIDAY, JULY 21, 1961 (Claaelfled Advertialng on Page 12) PRICE FIVE CENTS mist Club attending an outing yes terday at the summer cottage In Coventry of Mrs. Elizabeth Cook You This Fantastic of Manchester Green a member of the club. The women took part in swimming and boating before serv ing a potluek supper. The Salvation Army will conduct an open air service tonight at 7:30 at the corner of Main and Birch Sts. David Addy will be in charge. Sinks In the event of rain, the service will be held next Thursday evening. Price for Drain Remains Astronaut Swims for His Life After A-O.K. Space Voyage Con.slruction of storm drains on Buy This Deluxe 12 Paund Multi streets in the Rockledge develop ment is expected to start within the next two weeks, it was report Bizerte Fighting Ends A WORD ABOUT PINEHURST CHOICE MEATS ed today by Chester Langtry, State News riep\ity-director of public work.s. Cycle - Multi Speed Autamotic Washer Escape Hatch Blows, and in particular about the choice U.S.D.A. -
Analytical and Numerical Modeling of Long Term Changes to Tides, Storm Surge, and Total Water Level Due to Bathymetric Changes and Surge Characteristics
Portland State University PDXScholar Dissertations and Theses Dissertations and Theses Spring 6-5-2019 Analytical and Numerical Modeling of Long Term Changes to Tides, Storm Surge, and Total Water Level Due to Bathymetric Changes and Surge Characteristics Ramin Familkhalili Portland State University Let us know how access to this document benefits ouy . Follow this and additional works at: https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds Part of the Civil and Environmental Engineering Commons Recommended Citation Familkhalili, Ramin, "Analytical and Numerical Modeling of Long Term Changes to Tides, Storm Surge, and Total Water Level Due to Bathymetric Changes and Surge Characteristics" (2019). Dissertations and Theses. Paper 5014. 10.15760/etd.6890 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access. It has been accepted for inclusion in Dissertations and Theses by an authorized administrator of PDXScholar. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Analytical and Numerical Modeling of Long Term Changes to Tides, Storm Surge, and Total Water Level Due to Bathymetric Changes and Surge Characteristics by Ramin Familkhalili A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Civil and Environmental Engineering Dissertation Committee: Stefan A. Talke, Chair David A. Jay Edward D. Zaron Paul C. Loikith Portland State University 2019 © 2019 Ramin Familkhalili Abstract Natural and local anthropogenic changes in estuaries (e.g., sea-level rise, navigation channel construction and loss of wetlands) interact with each other and produce non- linear effects. There is also a growing recognition that tides in estuaries are not stationary. These factors together are changing the estuarine water level regime, however the implications for extreme water levels remain largely unknown.