Home – Solid Wood Sourcing Policy

8th November 2004 Home – Solid Wood Sourcing Policy

The scope of this policy is to cover all Marks & Spencer products that are predominantly solid wood based. The implementation of the policy for products where wood is a minor component will be at the discretion of the technologists based upon the level of risk.

Objective: Marks & Spencer products will only contain wood when the supplier can verify and report on the legality of the source of wood, the species used, and the wood country of origin. Suppliers should also demonstrate that sourcing the wood has not contributed to environmental or social damage connected to poor forest management.

The following statements detail how Marks & Spencer aims to manage the risk associated with sourcing wood products and to secure long term sustainable supply of species important to our future business.

1. CITES I Species: In order to comply with International law CITES I species will also not be used (See appendix 1 for list).

2. Critically endangered and Endangered Species: i.) Species classified as critically Endangered or Endangered on the IUCN red list ii.) Species listed in CITES appendices II and III iii.) Species listed as vulnerable on the IUCN red list which originate from high risk countries. Marks & Spencer products will only contain the above if the following criteria are met: a.) The source of wood is a well managed forest of known location b.) There is a chain of custody from the forest to the final product c.) Both a. and b. are subject to credible independent verification. (See appendix 2a for list of above species and 2b for currently approved independent verification schemes)

3. Vulnerable species and all other woods from High Risk countries: i.) Species classified as Vulnerable on the IUCN red list ii) Wood sourced from a defined list of High Risk countries (see appendix x) Marks & Spencer products will only contain the above if the supplier has provided satisfactory evidence that: a.) The source of wood is a well managed forest of known location b.) There is a chain of custody from the forest to the final product. c.) Evidence for a. and b. is provided by supplier using documents outlined in country briefing notes. These products will be risk assessed before final approval at the discretion of the technology team and the documentation may be subject to audit by a Marks & Spencer technologist (See appendix 3a for list of vulnerable species, 3b for list of high risk countries and appendix 3c for country specific briefing notes)

8th November 2004 4. Lower risk sources: All wood used in Marks & Spencer products which does not come from an IUCN Red List Species, a CITES species nor a High Risk Country will be sourced from a well managed forest of known origin. (See appendix 4 for suppler information requirements)

5. Labelling: No wooden products will be labelled with an environmental statement without independent verification of the claim. (See Appendix 5 for advice on claims and labelling).

Suppliers will be encouraged to move beyond these minimum requirements to sourcing more sustainable wood wherever possible.

Note:

IUCN is the International Union of Conservation Networks. The red list is an internationally recognised list of species which have been classified as threatened to extinction under 3 main categories: Critically endangered, endangered and vulnerable.

CITES (Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species) is an international treaty which governs the trade in species threatened with extinction. It is illegal to trade in any species listed in Appendix I of the treaty. Trade in those species listed under appendix II and III must comply with the rules of the convention. 8th November 2004 Appendix 1 –CITES I species

The following species will not be used in Marks & Spencer products in order to comply with International Law:

Species – Species – Usual country of origin Trade Name Latin Name CITES I SPECIES (Illegal to trade) Brazillian rosewood Dalbergia nigra Alerce Fitzroya cupressoides

There are also a number of websites which you can refer to for up to date information on the CITES and IUCN redlists.

¾ http://www.cites.org/eng/resources/species.html (this site is also available in Spanish and French) ¾ www.redlist.org ¾ http://www.foe.co.uk/campaigns/biodiversity/resource/good_wood_guide/wo od_timber_types_a_to_g.html

8th November 2004 Appendix 2a – Critically Endangered and Endangered Species

The following species will only be used in Marks & Spencer products if they are independently verified to be from sustainable sources:

Species – Species – Usual country of origin Trade Name Latin Name CRITICALLY ENDANGERED SPECIES Balau (Bangkiai) Shorea spp Far East inc Indonesia, Thailand, Malaysia and Vietnam Cho Chi Shorea spp Vietnam Kapur Dryobalanops Indonesia Keruing/ Yang/ Apitong Dipterocarpus alatus, Far East, including Cambodia, D.baudii, D. costulatus Thailand, Vietnam, Malaysia. D. grandiflorus, D. Kerrii Lauen Shorea spp Phillipines Mersawa Anisoptera spp SE Asia Meranti Shorea spp Far East inc Indonesia, Phillipines, Thailand and Malaysia Dark Red Meranti S. ovata, S. pauciflora, S. singkawang, S. curtisii

Light Red Meranti S. acuminata, S. lebrosula White Meranti S. bracteolate, S. hypochra (and other sp of the subgenus Anthochorea) Yellow Meranti S. acuminatissima, S. faguetiana, s.gibbosa Parashorea/ white Parashorea aptera Indonesia, Vietnam, China, seraya/ white salaun P. lucida, P. Malaysia, Philippines. macrophylla P. malaanonan, P. stellata P. chinensis, P. densiflora P. globosa Zebrano Microberlinia West Africa brazzavillensis ENDANGERED SPECIES Afromosia Pericopsis elata Cameroon, Congo, Nigeria, Ghana, Ivory Coast, DR Congo Agba Gossweilerodendron West Africa balsamiferum Brazilian mahogany Swientenia macrophylla South and Central America. Cuban mahogany S. mahogoni Florida, S America, Dominican (mahoni) Republic, Cuba and others. S. humilis Central and South America. Ebony Diospyros spp Asia and Africa Izombe Testulea gabonensis Africa Khaya/ African Khaya ivorensis, K. West Africa including Cameroon, mahogany grandifoliola Ivory Coast, Ghana, Congo. K. anthotheca 8th November 2004

K. senegalensis K. madagasceriensis Pau Marfim Balfourodendron ?? nedehanum Peroba rosa Aspidosperma South America polyneuron Virola Virola swinamensis South America Wenge/ Panga panga Millettia laurentii West Africa incl Zaire, Cameroon, M. stuhlmannii Congo. CITES II AND III SPECIES Brazilian mahogany Swientenia macrophylla CITES II

Cuban mahogany S. mahogoni CITES II (Mahoni) S. humilis

Lignum vitae All species of Guaiacum CITES II Afromosia Pericopsis elata CITES II Spanish Cedar Cedrela odorata CITES III Ramin Gonystylus Keithii CITES III G.bancanus G. macrophyllus Almedro Dipteryx panamwnsis CITES III OTHER SPECIES Teak Tectona grandis Not assessed by IUCN but does represent high risk source

There are also a number of websites which you can refer to for up to date information on the CITES and IUCN redlists.

Forest Stewardship Council (FSC) – is the only current certification scheme that has support from all of our stakeholders. Therefore this is the only scheme that will currently be accepted as providing independent verification of legality and sustainability.

Tropical Forest Trust (TFT) – The TFT will work in partnership with suppliers in order to implement responsible buying policies and the appropriate traceability systems. This must be part of a process towards FSC certification but whilst ongoing TFT ‘truth labels’ can be used if appropriate to inform the customer of the work in progress.

The CSR and technology team will review other schemes that become available as to their acceptability in providing the assurances that our customers require on these high risk timber sources. 8th November 2004 Appendix 3a

Marks & Spencer products will only contain the following species if the supplier has provided satisfactory evidence that: a.) The source of wood is a well managed forest of known location b.) There is a chain of custody from the forest to the final product. c.) Evidence for a. and b. is provided by supplier using documents outlined in country briefing notes. NB: that if the source country is high risk (see appendix 4) then the requirement is elevated to that of an endangered species i.e. independent verification is required.

Species – Species – Usual country of origin Trade Name Latin Name Afzelia Afzelia africana West Africa A. Bipindensis A. pachyloba Andoung Monopetalantus Africa durandii M. compatus Azobe/ Ekki/ Bongossi Lophira alata Incl Cameroon, Congo basin, Ghana, Ivory Coast Berlinia, red Berlinia occidentalis Africa Bubinga minor Copaifera salikounda West Africa Danta Nesogordonia Africa papaverifera Durian Durio spp South East Asia Guarea Cedrata arthompsonii Central and West Africa Hyedua Guibourtia ehie West Africa

Idigbo Terminalia ivorensis West Africa Imbuja Phoebe/Ocotea South America porosa Iroko Milicia excelsa Widely across Africa (Milicia or Chlorophora M. regia excelsa) Latandza Albizia ferniginea Africa Limbali Gilbertiodendon sp Africa Kosipo/omu Entandrophragma Africa candollei Koto Pterygota macrocarpa Africa P. berquaertii Medang Litsea laytensis South East Asia Merbau/ Iintsia bijuga, From Australia to Tanzania incl the Kwila I. palembania Far East. Niango Heritiera utilis West Africa Nyatoh/ Balm Palaquium Far East including Indonesia Sapotaceae Ogea Daniellia spp Africa Okoume Aucoumea klaineana Gabon Okwen Brachystegia spp Africa Opepe/ kussia Nauclea diderrichii West Africa Padauk Pterocarpus indicus India, Myanmar, West Africa Parana pine Araucaria angustifolia Brazil 8th November 2004

Sapele Entandrophragma West Africa incl Cameroon, cylindricum Ghana, Ivory Coast. Sepetir Sindora spp South East Asia Simpoh Dillenia spp South East Asia Tiama/ Edinam/ Cedu Entandrophragma Africa nohor angolense Utile/ Sipo/ kilouka Entandrophragma West Africa incl Cameroon, DR utile Congo, Ghana Walnut, Africa Loroa trichilioides West and Central Africa Walnut Juglans America

There are also a number of websites which you can refer to for up to date information on the CITES and IUCN redlists.

The following countries are classified as high risk. Marks & Spencer products will only contain the wood from the following countries if the supplier has provided satisfactory evidence that: a.) The source of wood is a well managed forest of known location b.) There is a chain of custody from the forest to the final product. c.) Evidence for a. and b. is provided by supplier using documents outlined in country briefing notes. NB: If the species of wood is also classified as vulnerable (see appendix 3) then the requirement is elevated to that of endangered species i.e. Independent verification is required.

¾ Indonesia ¾ Vietnam ¾ Malaysia ¾ China ¾ Burma ¾ Russia ¾ Baltic states – Latvia, Estonia and Lithuania ¾ Central and West Africa (DRC, Gabon, Congo, Ivory Coast, Cameroon) ¾ Cambodia ¾ Canada (west coast) ¾ Philippines ¾ Thailand ¾ Brazil ¾ Papua New Guinea ¾ Peru

8th November 2004 Appendix 3c

Country Briefing Notes

These will be available for all high risk countries as these countries become relevant within our supply chain. Notes will include the required legal documentation relevant in that country as well as notes on particular issues for concern within that country. These are currently being prepared but suppliers should be asked to ready themselves for proving:

a) Forest location and the appropriate management of the forest(s) from which they buy b) Chain of custody from the ‘good’ forest to our product.

This information will be collated and stored by the technology team.

(NB: The advice for Indonesia will be that currently the only way to ensure legality is to have independent verification) 8th November 2004 Appendix 4 - Lower risk sources

All wood used in Marks & Spencer products which does not fall in categories mentioned above will be sourced from a well managed forest of known origin.

Suppliers will be asked to fill in on the quote sheet; i) the country of origin of the wood, ii) the species used on the quote sheet ii) the approximate volume of wood use per product. The supplier should verify that our requirement for well managed forest sources is being met. This may be subject to audit by a member of the technology team.

This information will be collated and used at the end of the season to report on wood usage and progress made with this policy to interested customers, investors and other stakeholders in our annual Corporate Social Responsibility report. We will not discuss individual supplier information with any other party without their prior consent.

8th November 2004 Appendix 5 – Claims and labelling

In order to comply with the DEFRA Green Claims Code no claim will be made without being able to be substantiated. Claims must also be specific. Vague claims of ‘sustainability’ or ‘eco-friendly’ are not permitted.

In practice this means that products should only be labelled with the appropriate message regarding the wood if it is coming from an independently verified ‘well managed forest with chain of custody.

FSC certification

The only body that currently offers robust, independent verification of forest and supply chain management is the FSC. This scheme is getting increasing recognition from customers and is currently the only certification scheme recommended to be used on our products to offer assurance to our customers of responsible sourcing.