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2015PA112023.Pdf UNIVERSITE MARIEN NGOUABI UNIVERSITÉ PARIS-SUD ÉCOLE DOCTORALE 470: CHIMIE DE PARIS SUD Laboratoire d’Etude des Techniques et d’Instruments d’Analyse Moléculaire (LETIAM) THÈSE DE DOCTORAT CHIMIE par Arnold Murphy ELOUMA NDINGA INVENTAIRE ET ANALYSE CHIMIQUE DES EXSUDATS DES PLANTES D’UTILISATION COURANTE AU CONGO-BRAZZAVILLE Date de soutenance : 27/02/2015 Directeur de thèse : M. Pierre CHAMINADE, Professeur des Universités (France) Co-directeur de thèse : M. Jean-Maurille OUAMBA, Professeur Titulaire CAMES (Congo) Composition du jury : Président : M. Alain TCHAPLA, Professeur Emérite, Université Paris-Sud Rapporteurs : M. Zéphirin MOULOUNGUI, Directeur de Recherche INRA, INP-Toulouse M. Ange Antoine ABENA, Professeur Titulaire CAMES, Université Marien Ngouabi Examinateurs : M. Yaya MAHMOUT, Professeur Titulaire CAMES, Université de N’Djaména Mme. Myriam BONOSE, Maître de Conférences, Université Paris-Sud A mon père ELOUMA NDINGA, cette thèse est pour toi. A ma mère Gabrielle ESSASSA, c’est le fruit de tes sacrifices. A mes sœur et frères qui m’ont toujours poussé en avant. Voilà l’aboutissement de vos efforts. A mes frères et sœurs de CHARISMA, église chrétienne, pour avoir cru en moi plus que moi-même. A mes étudiants qui m’ont aidé dans cette tâche difficile. Je vous dédie ce travail en guise de ma gratitude et de ma reconnaissance. A mes amis et collègues A tous ceux qui m’ont encouragé et soutenu. Témoignage de ma profonde affection. i Remerciements Ces travaux de recherche, réalisés dans le cadre d’une convention internationale de cotutelle de thèse entre l’Université Marien NGOUABI et l’Université Paris-Sud, sont le fruit d’u de l’Agence Universitaire de la Francophonie « formation et recherche sur la Pharmacopée et la Médecine Traditionnelles Africaines » et de la Formation Doctorale « Ecotechnologie, Valorisation du Végétal et bio-Santé » (PER-AUF-PMTA/UC2V/FD-SEV), et le Laboratoire d’Etude des Techniques et d’Instruments d’Analyse Moléculaire (LETIAM), membre du Groupe de Chimie Analytique de Paris-Sud (GCA). Avec l’accompagnement du Professeur Jean-Maurille OUAMBA, Responsable du PER-AUF- PMTA/UC2V/FD-SEV et Doyen de la Faculté des Sciences et Techniques de Brazzaville, j’ai bénéficié d’une bourse du Gouvernement Français (BGF) à travers le Service de Coopération et d’action culturelle (SCAC) de l’ambassade de France au Congo placée sous la gestion de Campus France. Cette bourse m’a permis d’effectuer des séjours de formation à la recherche, alternativement entre l’UC2V et le LETIAM. Je tiens tout d’abord à remercier respectivement Madame Marine de HEAULME qui m’avait octroyé cette bourse, et Dominique ANOUILH actuellement attachée de coopération et d’action culturelle auprès de l’ambassade de France au Congo, pour la continuité du programme qui a été mis en place. Je tiens à remercier : le Professeur Pierre CHAMINADE, Directeur du groupe de Chimie analytique de l’Université Paris-Sud (France), qui s’est engagé à diriger ce travail de thèse. Veuillez accepter l’expression de mes sentiments respectueux et de ma profonde gratitude. le Professeur Jean-Maurille OUAMBA, Responsable du PER-AUF-PMTA/UC2V/FD- SEV, qui s’est engagé à diriger ces travaux, à négocier et obtenir pendant toute la durée de la thèse l’appui de la coopération française, me donnant l’opportunité de me former à la chimie analytique instrumentale et au développement des techniques d’analyse des exsudats des plantes du Congo ; ii le Professeur Fathi MOUSSA, Directeur du LETIAM, qui a accepté de me recevoir et de mettre à ma disposition l’environnement technique de son laboratoire. Je tiens à exprimer toute ma reconnaissance à Monsieur le Professeur Alain TCHAPLA, Professeur Emérite de l’Université Paris-Sud (France), pour son aide, ses nombreux conseils et encouragements, et qui a aimablement accepté de présider ce jury. Que le Professeur Pierre CHAMINADE, Directeur du groupe de Chimie analytique de l’Université Paris-Sud (France) et directeur de thèse, accepte l’expression de mes sentiments respectueux et de ma profonde gratitude. Je remercie vivement le Docteur Myriam BONOSE, Maître de Conférences de l’Université Paris-Sud, qui s’est investie dans l’encadrement de ces travaux pendant les périodes de séjours au LETIAM, mais a suivi aussi mes activités quotidiennes à Brazzaville. C’est un plaisir de travailler avec elle : toujours disponible et dynamique. Merci pour vos précieux conseils et l’attention particulière que vous avez manifestée pour ce travail. Merci aussi pour toutes les démarches administratives effectuées pour moi. J’exprime ma profonde gratitude : à Monsieur le Docteur Zéphirin MOULOUNGUI, Directeur de recherche INRA, INP de Toulouse (France), qui a fait le déplacement pour participer à ce jury en qualité de rapporteur externe. Qu’il veuille trouver ici l’expression de ma reconnaissance. à Monsieur le Professeur Ange Antoine ABENA de l’Université Marien NGOUABI (Congo) qui me fait l’honneur de participer au jury et de juger ce travail en qualité de rapporteur interne. Je tiens à lui témoigner ma reconnaissance et ma respectueuse gratitude. à Monsieur le Professeur Yaya MAHMOUT, Recteur de l’Université de Moundou, enseignant-chercheur permanent de l’Université de N’Djaména (Tchad), qui a accepté iii de faire partie du jury. Qu’il veuille trouver ici, l’expression de ma profonde reconnaissance. Mes remerciements vont également : au Docteur Jean BLETON pour sa disponibilité et le savoir-faire qu’il a mis à notre disposition tout au long de cette thèse ; au Docteur Sylvie HERON, Maître de Conférences-HDR de l’Université Paris-Sud, pour son accueil, ses remarques, encouragements et pour les cartes de Paris qui m’ont aidées à ne pas me perdre lors de mon arrivée en France ; au Docteur Jean-Marie MOUTSAMBOTE, Maître de Conférences-CAMES de Botanique tropicale à l’Ecole Nationale Supérieure d’Agronomie et de Foresterie (ENSAF) de l’Université Marien NGOUABI qui a identifié les espèces végétales faisant l’objet de ce travail ; au Docteur NSIKA MIKOKO, Maître Assistant de Botanique systématique à la Faculté des Sciences et Techniques (FST) de l’Université Marien NGOUABI qui a identifié les espèces végétales faisant l’objet de ce travail ; Je remercie aussi toute l’équipe du LETIAM (Marine de PERSON et Nathalie LEVEQUE) et mon très cher Philippe MEJANELLE pour leur disponibilité permanente par rapport à mes multiples sollicitations. Je tiens également à exprimer toute ma reconnaissance à Yvonne PAOLI, Célestine NKOUNKOU, Pierre GUIBAL, GOUOLLALY TSIBA, Adolphe Christian NGAKEGNI LIMBILI, Séverin MBAIHOUGADOBE, Chris MAYANDA, Jean-Noël KOANE, Naïra VASQUEZ, Paul NGAISONA, Dorra HMIDA, Vodi MAWUNYEGA, Nadine SOME, Ardèche SAMBA, Fergie Romance Myriama BIMVOUKOULOU, Vicem Ornella TSATI LEMBE, Joseph Edgard TSIMA et Arnaud TAMBA pour leur aide très précieuse, leur sympathie et pour la bonne ambiance qu’ils ont créée autour de moi. Je garde un très bon souvenir de tous nos moments forts et aussi de déprimes !! iv Communications scientifiques Certains aspects de ces travaux de congrès internationaux sous forme de communications orales ou de posters. Articles scientifiques originaux Elouma Ndinga A.M., Bonose M., Bleton J., Tchapla A., Ouamba J-M., Chaminade P. (Sous presse). Characterization of volatile compounds from the gum-resin of Mangifera indica L. trunk bark using Hs-SPME-GC/MS. Revue CAMES - Série Pharm. Méd. Trad. Afr. Communication orale Elouma Ndinga A.M., Bonose M., Bleton J., Tchapla A., Ouamba J-M., Chaminade P. Mise au point d’une méthodologie d’analyse de quelques exsudats de plantes du Congo. Communication présentée aux Rencontres de la Société Chimique d’Afrique Centrale et des Grands Lacs (SOCACGL), 1er Atelier International de Chimie, 13-17 décembre 2011, Brazzaville, Congo. Elouma Ndinga A.M., Bonose M., Bleton J., Tchapla A., Ouamba J-M., Chaminade P. Mise en place d’une méthodologie d'analyse d’un exsudat de type copal d’origine botanique Congolaise. Communication présentée au Congrès AFSEP Club Jeune, 4 juin 2013, Paris, France. Elouma Ndinga A.M., Bonose M., Bleton J., Nkounkou Loumpangou Tchapla A., Ouamba J-M., Chaminade P.. Mise en place d’une méthodologie d’analyse d’un exsudat de type copal d’origine botanique Congolaise. Communication présentée au JED de Paris sud, 1-2 octobre 2014, Orsay, France. Posters Elouma Ndinga A.M., Bonose M., Bleton J., Nkounkou Loumpangou C., Mahmout Y., Thapla A., Ouamba J-M., Chaminade P. (2012, september). Development of a methodology for analysis of copal type exudate used traditionally in the Republic of Congo. Paper presented at the 29th Paper presented at the 29th International Symposium on Chromatography. Toruń, Poland. Elouma Ndinga A.M., Bonose M., Bleton J., Nkounkou Loumpangou C., Mahmout Y., Thapla A., Ouamba J-M., Chaminade P. (2013, juin). Mise en place d’une méthodologie d'analyse d’un exsudat de type copal d’origine botanique Congolaise. Communication présentée au 13ème Congrès SEP, juin, Paris (France). v Table de matières Remerciements .................................................................................................................................. ii Liste des figures ................................................................................................................................ ix Sigles et abréviations .......................................................................................................................xiv Sigles et abréviations (suite).............................................................................................................
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