The Woods of Liberia
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Physical, Mechanical, and Other Properties Of
ARC: 634.9 TA/OST 73-24 C559a PHYSICAL, MECHANICAL, AND OTHER PROPERTIES OF SELECTED SECONDARY SPECIES in Surinam, Peru, Colombia, Nigeria, Gabon, Philippines, and Malaysia FPL-AID-PASA TA(Aj)2-73 (Species Properties) * PHYSICAL, MECHANICAL, AND OTHER PROPERTIES OF SELECTED SECONDARY SPECIES LOCATED IN SURINAM, PERU, COLOMBIA, NIGERIA, GABON, PHILIPPINES, AND MALAYSIA MARTIN CHUDNOFF, Forest Products Technologist Forest Products Laboratory Forest Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture Madison, Wisconsin 53705 November 1973 Prepared for AGENCY FOR INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT U.S. Department of State Washington, DC 20523 ARC No. 634.9 - C 559a INTRODUCTION This report is a partial response to a Participating Agency Service Agreement between the Agency for Inter national Development and the USDA, Forest Service (PASA Control No. TA(AJ)2-73) and concerns a study of the factors influencing the utilization of the tropical forest resource. The purpose of this portion of the PASA obligation is to present previously published information on the tree and wood characteristics of selected secondary species growing m seven tropical countries. The format is concise and follows the outline developed for the second edition of the "Handbook of Hardwoods" published by HMSO, London. Species selected for review are well known in the source countries, but make up a very small component, if any, of their export trade. The reasons why these species play a secondary role in the timber harvest are discussed in the other accompanying PASA reports. ii INDEX Pages SURINAM 1-11 Audira spp. Eperu falcata Eschweilera spp. Micropholis guyanensis Nectandra spp. Ocotea spp. Parinari campestris Parinari excelsa Pouteria engleri Protium spp. -
AZOBE OCHNACEAE MAIN LOCAL NAMES Family: LOG DESCRI
Common name: AZOBE Family: OCHNACEAE Scientific name(s): Lophira alata Lophira procera (synonymous) LOG DESCRIPTION WOOD DESCRIPTION Diameter: from 60 to 100 cm Colour: Dark red Thickness of sapwood: from 2 to 4 cm Sapwood: Clearly demarcated Floats: no Texture: Coarse Durability in forest : Good Grain: Interlocked Interlocked grain: Marked Note: Dark red to purple brown wood. Intermediate zone between sapwood and heartwood. White deposits in the pores. PHYSICAL PROPERTIES MECHANICAL PROPERTIES Physical and mechanical properties are based on mature heartwood specimens. These properties can vary greatly depending on origin and growth conditions. mean standard deviation mean standard Density *: 1.06 g/cm3 0.04 deviation Monnin hardness*: 10.7 2.7 Crushing strength *: 96 MPa 9 Coef of volumetric shrinkage: 0.69 % 0.01 Static bending strength *: 162 MPa 21 Total tangential shrinkage: 10.3 % 0.9 Total radial shrinkage: 7.3 % 1.0 Modulus of elasticity *: 21420 MPa 3539 Fibre saturation point: 28 % Stability: Poorly stable ( * : at 12 % moisture content ; 1 MPa = 1 N/mm2 ) NATURAL DURABILITY AND TREATABILITY Fungi and termite resistance refers to end-uses under temperate climate. Except for special comments on sapwood, natural durability is based on mature heartwood. Sapwood must always be considered as non-durable against wood degrading agents. Fungi: Class 2 - durable * ensured by natural Dry wood borers: Durable; sapwood demarcated (risk limited to sapwood) durability (according Termites: Class D - Durable EN standards). Treatability: 4 - not permeable Use class*: 4 - in ground or fresh water contact Note: This species is listed in the European standard NF EN 350-2. Transitional wood has a variable durability. -
Complete Index of Common Names: Supplement to Tropical Timbers of the World (AH 607)
Complete Index of Common Names: Supplement to Tropical Timbers of the World (AH 607) by Nancy Ross Preface Since it was published in 1984, Tropical Timbers of the World has proven to be an extremely valuable reference to the properties and uses of tropical woods. It has been particularly valuable for the selection of species for specific products and as a reference for properties information that is important to effective pro- cessing and utilization of several hundred of the most commercially important tropical wood timbers. If a user of the book has only a common or trade name for a species and wishes to know its properties, the user must use the index of common names beginning on page 451. However, most tropical timbers have numerous common or trade names, depending upon the major region or local area of growth; furthermore, different species may be know by the same common name. Herein lies a minor weakness in Tropical Timbers of the World. The index generally contains only the one or two most frequently used common or trade names. If the common name known to the user is not one of those listed in the index, finding the species in the text is impossible other than by searching the book page by page. This process is too laborious to be practical because some species have 20 or more common names. This supplement provides a complete index of common or trade names. This index will prevent a user from erroneously concluding that the book does not contain a specific species because the common name known to the user does not happen to be in the existing index. -
GEF Prodoc TRI Cameroon 28 02 18
International Union for the Conservation of Nature Country: Cameroon PROJECT DOCUMENT Project Title: Supporting Landscape Restoration and Sustainable Use of local plant species and tree products (Bambusa ssp, Irvingia spp, etc) for Biodiversity Conservation, Sustainable Livelihoods and Emissions Reduction in Cameroon BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE PROJECT The Republic of Cameroon has a diverse ecological landscape, earning her the title “Africa in Miniature”. The southern portions of Cameroon’s forests are part of the Congo Basin forest ecosystem, the second largest remaining contiguous block of rainforest on Earth, after the Amazon. In addition to extensive Mangrove belts, Cameroon also holds significant portions of the Lower Guinea Forest Ecosystems and zones of endemism extending into densely settled portions of the Western Highlands and Montagne forests. The North of the country comprising the Dry Sudano-Sahelian Savannah Zones is rich in wildlife, and home to dense human and livestock populations. Much of the population residing in these areas lives in extreme poverty. This diversity in biomes makes Cameroon one of the most important and unique hotspots for biodiversity in Africa. However, human population growth, migrations, livelihoods strategies, rudimentary technologies and unsustainable land use for agriculture and small-scale forestry, energy and livestock, are contributing to biodiversity loss and landscape degradation in Cameroon. Despite strong institutional frameworks, forest and environmental policies/legislation, and a human resource capital, Cameroon’s network of biomes that include all types of forests, tree-systems, savannahs, agricultural mosaics, drylands, etc., are progresively confronted by various forms of degradation. Degradation, which is progressive loss of ecosystem functions (food sources, water quality and availability, biodversity, soil fertility, etc), now threatens the livelihoods of millions of Cameroonians, especially vulnerable groups like women, children and indigenous populations. -
Museum of Economic Botany, Kew. Specimens Distributed 1901 - 1990
Museum of Economic Botany, Kew. Specimens distributed 1901 - 1990 Page 1 - https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/57407494 15 July 1901 Dr T Johnson FLS, Science and Art Museum, Dublin Two cases containing the following:- Ackd 20.7.01 1. Wood of Chloroxylon swietenia, Godaveri (2 pieces) Paris Exibition 1900 2. Wood of Chloroxylon swietenia, Godaveri (2 pieces) Paris Exibition 1900 3. Wood of Melia indica, Anantapur, Paris Exhibition 1900 4. Wood of Anogeissus acuminata, Ganjam, Paris Exhibition 1900 5. Wood of Xylia dolabriformis, Godaveri, Paris Exhibition 1900 6. Wood of Pterocarpus Marsupium, Kistna, Paris Exhibition 1900 7. Wood of Lagerstremia parviflora, Godaveri, Paris Exhibition 1900 8. Wood of Anogeissus latifolia , Godaveri, Paris Exhibition 1900 9. Wood of Gyrocarpus jacquini, Kistna, Paris Exhibition 1900 10. Wood of Acrocarpus fraxinifolium, Nilgiris, Paris Exhibition 1900 11. Wood of Ulmus integrifolia, Nilgiris, Paris Exhibition 1900 12. Wood of Phyllanthus emblica, Assam, Paris Exhibition 1900 13. Wood of Adina cordifolia, Godaveri, Paris Exhibition 1900 14. Wood of Melia indica, Anantapur, Paris Exhibition 1900 15. Wood of Cedrela toona, Nilgiris, Paris Exhibition 1900 16. Wood of Premna bengalensis, Assam, Paris Exhibition 1900 17. Wood of Artocarpus chaplasha, Assam, Paris Exhibition 1900 18. Wood of Artocarpus integrifolia, Nilgiris, Paris Exhibition 1900 19. Wood of Ulmus wallichiana, N. India, Paris Exhibition 1900 20. Wood of Diospyros kurzii , India, Paris Exhibition 1900 21. Wood of Hardwickia binata, Kistna, Paris Exhibition 1900 22. Flowers of Heterotheca inuloides, Mexico, Paris Exhibition 1900 23. Leaves of Datura Stramonium, Paris Exhibition 1900 24. Plant of Mentha viridis, Paris Exhibition 1900 25. Plant of Monsonia ovata, S. -
Secondary Successions After Shifting Cultivation in a Dense Tropical Forest of Southern Cameroon (Central Africa)
Secondary successions after shifting cultivation in a dense tropical forest of southern Cameroon (Central Africa) Dissertation zur Erlangung des Doktorgrades der Naturwissenschaften vorgelegt beim Fachbereich 15 der Johann Wolfgang Goethe University in Frankfurt am Main von Barthélemy Tchiengué aus Penja (Cameroon) Frankfurt am Main 2012 (D30) vom Fachbereich 15 der Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität als Dissertation angenommen Dekan: Prof. Dr. Anna Starzinski-Powitz Gutachter: Prof. Dr. Katharina Neumann Prof. Dr. Rüdiger Wittig Datum der Disputation: 28. November 2012 Table of contents 1 INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................ 1 2 STUDY AREA ................................................................................................................. 4 2.1. GEOGRAPHIC LOCATION AND ADMINISTRATIVE ORGANIZATION .................................................................................. 4 2.2. GEOLOGY AND RELIEF ........................................................................................................................................ 5 2.3. SOIL ............................................................................................................................................................... 5 2.4. HYDROLOGY .................................................................................................................................................... 6 2.5. CLIMATE ........................................................................................................................................................ -
BODIOA's Datasheet
BODIOA Page 1of 4 Family: RHIZOPHORACEAE (angiosperm) Scientific name(s): Anopyxis klaineana Commercial restriction: no commercial restriction WOOD DESCRIPTION LOG DESCRIPTION Color: light brown Diameter: from 60 to 100 cm Sapwood: not clearly demarcated Thickness of sapwood: Texture: medium Floats: no Grain: straight Log durability: low (must be treated) Interlocked grain: absent Note: Wood light brown with pink or ochre shades. Grain sometimes wavy. PHYSICAL PROPERTIES MECHANICAL AND ACOUSTIC PROPERTIES Physical and mechanical properties are based on mature heartwood specimens. These properties can vary greatly depending on origin and growth conditions. Mean Std dev. Mean Std dev. Specific gravity *: 0,89 0,03 Crushing strength *: 75 MPa 10 MPa Monnin hardness *: 7,0 3,2 Static bending strength *: 132 MPa 16 MPa Coeff. of volumetric shrinkage: 0,65 % 0,05 % Modulus of elasticity *: 20290 MPa 2225 MPa Total tangential shrinkage (TS): 10,3 % 1,1 % Total radial shrinkage (RS): 6,2 % 0,4 % (*: at 12% moisture content, with 1 MPa = 1 N/mm²) TS/RS ratio: 1,7 Fiber saturation point: 30 % Stability: moderately stable NATURAL DURABILITY AND TREATABILITY Fungi and termite resistance refers to end-uses under temperate climate. Except for special comments on sapwood, natural durability is based on mature heartwood. Sapwood must always be considered as non-durable against wood degrading agents. E.N. = Euro Norm Funghi (according to E.N. standards): class 5 - not durable Dry wood borers: susceptible - sapwood not or slightly demarcated (risk in all the wood) Termites (according to E.N. standards): class D - durable Treatability (according to E.N. standards): class 1 - easily permeable Use class ensured by natural durability: class 1 - inside (no dampness) Species covering the use class 5: No Note: Prone to blue stain. -
Of Present Status of Plant Species in E Macro Habitat of Ogbia in Bayelsa
Original Article Assessment of present status of plant species in Otuoke macro habi tat of Ogbia in B ayelsa state, Nigeria:A checklist of plant species in the study area B L Nyananyo 1, M M Etukudo 2* , M I E Roberts 3 Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Federal University Otuoke, P.M.B. 126, Yenagoa, Bayelsa State , NIGERIA . Email: [email protected] Abstract This study was carried out to assess the qualitative parameters of native species in Otuoke terres trial habitat in view of the need for monitoring of plant species and enhance sustainability of the important services provided by plants. Random sampling with line transect was used to collect plant specimen from the study area. Preservation and identification of plant species were carried out using standard taxonomic procedures. Vast number of plant species ranging from herbs, shrubs to trees were identified in the study area. Eighty six (86) plant species that cut across different families were identified and preserved in the herbarium unit of the Department of Biological Sciences, Federal University Otuoke, Bayelsa State, Nigeria. This study provides an excellent overview of the present status of plant species in the study area. This study suggests that Otuoke terrestrial habitat is endowed with great diversity of flora, hence, appropriate conservation strategies should be adopted for sustainable exploitation and management of plant species in the area. Keywords: Assessment, present status, plant species, Otuoke, Bayelsa state, Nigeria. *Address for Correspondence: Dr. M M Etukudo, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Federal University Otuoke, P.M.B. 126, Yenagoa, Bayelsa State, NIGERIA. -
What Happened to the Forests of Sierra Leone?
land Article What Happened to the Forests of Sierra Leone? Richard A. Wadsworth 1,* and Aiah R. Lebbie 2 1 Department of Biological Sciences, Njala University, Njala, Sierra Leone 2 National Herbarium of Sierra Leone, Department of Biological Sciences, Njala University, Njala, Sierra Leone; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +232-(0)-79-675-004 Received: 28 March 2019; Accepted: 1 May 2019; Published: 9 May 2019 Abstract: The last National Forest Inventory of Sierra Leone took place more than four decades ago in 1975. There appears to be no legal definition of “forest” in Sierra Leone and it is sometimes unclear whether reports are referring to the forest as a “land use” or a “land cover”. Estimates of forest loss in the Global Forest Resource Assessment Country Reports are based on the estimated rate during the period 1975 to 1986, and this has not been adjusted for the effects of the civil war, economic booms and busts, and the human population doubling (from about three million in 1975 to over seven million in 2018). Country estimates as part of the FAO (Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations) Global Forest Assessment for 2015 aggregate several classes that are not usually considered as “forest” in normal discourse in Sierra Leone (for example, mangrove swamps, rubber plantations and Raphia palm swamps). This paper makes use of maps from 1950, 1975, and 2000/2 to discuss the fate of forests in Sierra Leone. The widely accepted narrative on forest loss in Sierra Leone and generally in West Africa is that it is rapid, drastic and recent. -
Mandrillus Leucophaeus Poensis)
Ecology and Behavior of the Bioko Island Drill (Mandrillus leucophaeus poensis) A Thesis Submitted to the Faculty of Drexel University by Jacob Robert Owens in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy December 2013 i © Copyright 2013 Jacob Robert Owens. All Rights Reserved ii Dedications To my wife, Jen. iii Acknowledgments The research presented herein was made possible by the financial support provided by Primate Conservation Inc., ExxonMobil Foundation, Mobil Equatorial Guinea, Inc., Margo Marsh Biodiversity Fund, and the Los Angeles Zoo. I would also like to express my gratitude to Dr. Teck-Kah Lim and the Drexel University Office of Graduate Studies for the Dissertation Fellowship and the invaluable time it provided me during the writing process. I thank the Government of Equatorial Guinea, the Ministry of Fisheries and the Environment, Ministry of Information, Press, and Radio, and the Ministry of Culture and Tourism for the opportunity to work and live in one of the most beautiful and unique places in the world. I am grateful to the faculty and staff of the National University of Equatorial Guinea who helped me navigate the geographic and bureaucratic landscape of Bioko Island. I would especially like to thank Jose Manuel Esara Echube, Claudio Posa Bohome, Maximilliano Fero Meñe, Eusebio Ondo Nguema, and Mariano Obama Bibang. The journey to my Ph.D. has been considerably more taxing than I expected, and I would not have been able to complete it without the assistance of an expansive list of people. I would like to thank all of you who have helped me through this process, many of whom I lack the space to do so specifically here. -
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Trends Phytochem. Res. 5(2) 2021 105-109 Trends in Phytochemical Research (TPR) Journal Homepage: http://tpr.iau-shahrood.ac.ir Original Research Article Chemical composition of Leplaea mayombensis (Pellegrin) Staner CHARLIE KENMOE DJEUKEU1, HERMINE LAURE DJOMKAM MAZA1 * , ARIANE KOUAM KENMOGNE2, NORBERT SEWALD2, JEAN DUPLEX WANSI1 AND JULIETTE CATHERINE VARDAMIDES1 * 1Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Douala, P.O. Box 24157, Douala, Cameroon 2Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Bielefeld University, 33501 Bielefeld, Germany ABSTRACT ARTICLE HISTORY One new coumarinolignan, cleomiscosin F (1) along with ten known compounds namely Received: 05 February 2021 3,4-secotirucalla-4(28),7,24-trien-21-hydroxy-21,23-epoxy-3-oic acid (2), 3,4-secotirucalla- Revised: 10 May 2021 4(28),7,24-trien-3,21-dioic acid (3), ceramid A (4), ceramid B (5), mayombensin (6), aridanin Accepted: 20 May 2021 (7), stigmasterol and β-sitosterol and their glucosides were isolated from the seeds and roots ePublished: 16 June 2021 of Leplaea mayombensis (Meliaceae). The structures of the compounds were elucidated based on the interpretation of their spectroscopic data. Some of the isolated compounds (3, 4 and 5) were tested in vitro against bacteria strains Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis, Pseudomonas KEYWORDS agarici, and Micrococcus luteus. Compound 3 displayed good activity against Bacillus subtilis, Micrococcus luteus, and Pseudomonas agarici with MIC values of 1.7, 2.3 and 9.8 µM, Antibacterial activity Micrococcus luteus respectively; while compound 4 showed significant activity against with MIC Coumarinolignan value of 11.9 µM. Leplaea mayombensis Minimum inhibitory concentration © 2021 Islamic Azad University, Shahrood Branch Press, All rights reserved. -
Population À Guarea Thompsonii Sprague Et Hutch. (Meliaeae) Dans La Forêt À Scorodophloeus Zenkeri Harms (Fabaceae) Dans La Réserve Forestière De La Yoko En R.D.Congo
Journal of Animal &Plant Sciences, 2014. Vol.23, Issue 1: 3569-3585 Publication date 30/9/2014, http://www.m.elewa.org/JAPS ; ISSN 2071-7024 Structure, dispersion spatiale et abondance de la population à Guarea thompsonii Sprague et Hutch. (Meliaeae) dans la forêt à Scorodophloeus zenkeri Harms (Fabaceae) dans la Réserve Forestière de la Yoko en R.D.Congo. SHALUFA ASSANI Nicole 1, ROBBRECHT Elmar 2, KATUSI LOMALISA Roger 3, NSHIMBA SEYA WA MALALE Hippolyte 3, NTAHOBAVUKA HABIMANA Honorine 4 et MANGAMBU MOKOSO Jean de Dieu 5,* 1. Université de Kisangani, Centre de surveillance de la biodiversité, Laboratoire d’Écologie Terrestre, B.P. 2012 Kisangani, R.D.Congo. 2. Université d’Anvers, Jardin Botanique National de Belgique, Département des Plantes Vasculaires Domaine de Bouchout, Nieuwelaan 38, Meise, B-1860, Belgique 3. Université de Kisangani, Faculté des Sciences, Département d’Écologie et Gestion des Ressources Végétales, B.P. 2012 Kisangani, R.D. Congo. 4. Université de Kisangani, Faculté des Sciences, Département d’Écologie et Gestion des Ressources Végétales, Laboratoire de Palynologie, Anatomie du bois et la biodiversité forestière, B.P. 2012 Kisangani, R.D. Congo. 5. Université Officielle de Bukavu, Faculté des Sciences, Département de Biologie, Laboratoire de Systématique végétale de Biodiversité, B.P. 570 Bukavu, R.D. Congo. *Auteur correspondants : [email protected] , [email protected] et [email protected] Mots-clés : Structure, Dispersion Spatiale, Abondance, Guarea thompsonii, Yoko Key words: Structure, Spatial dispersal, Abundance, Guarea thompsonii , Yoko 1 RESUME La présente étude s’est basée sur l’étude floristique de deux peuplements à Guarea thompsonii Sprague et Hutch.