Pdf 280.83 K
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
Complete Index of Common Names: Supplement to Tropical Timbers of the World (AH 607)
Complete Index of Common Names: Supplement to Tropical Timbers of the World (AH 607) by Nancy Ross Preface Since it was published in 1984, Tropical Timbers of the World has proven to be an extremely valuable reference to the properties and uses of tropical woods. It has been particularly valuable for the selection of species for specific products and as a reference for properties information that is important to effective pro- cessing and utilization of several hundred of the most commercially important tropical wood timbers. If a user of the book has only a common or trade name for a species and wishes to know its properties, the user must use the index of common names beginning on page 451. However, most tropical timbers have numerous common or trade names, depending upon the major region or local area of growth; furthermore, different species may be know by the same common name. Herein lies a minor weakness in Tropical Timbers of the World. The index generally contains only the one or two most frequently used common or trade names. If the common name known to the user is not one of those listed in the index, finding the species in the text is impossible other than by searching the book page by page. This process is too laborious to be practical because some species have 20 or more common names. This supplement provides a complete index of common or trade names. This index will prevent a user from erroneously concluding that the book does not contain a specific species because the common name known to the user does not happen to be in the existing index. -
The Woods of Liberia
THE WOODS OF LIBERIA October 1959 No. 2159 UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE FOREST PRODUCTS LABORATORY FOREST SERVICE MADISON 5, WISCONSIN In Cooperation with the University of Wisconsin THE WOODS OF LIBERIA1 By JEANNETTE M. KRYN, Botanist and E. W. FOBES, Forester Forest Products Laboratory,2 Forest Service U. S. Department of Agriculture - - - - Introduction The forests of Liberia represent a valuable resource to that country-- especially so because they are renewable. Under good management, these forests will continue to supply mankind with products long after mined resources are exhausted. The vast treeless areas elsewhere in Africa give added emphasis to the economic significance of the forests of Liberia and its neighboring countries in West Africa. The mature forests of Liberia are composed entirely of broadleaf or hardwood tree species. These forests probably covered more than 90 percent of the country in the past, but only about one-third is now covered with them. Another one-third is covered with young forests or reproduction referred to as low bush. The mature, or "high," forests are typical of tropical evergreen or rain forests where rainfall exceeds 60 inches per year without pro longed dry periods. Certain species of trees in these forests, such as the cotton tree, are deciduous even when growing in the coastal area of heaviest rainfall, which averages about 190 inches per year. Deciduous species become more prevalent as the rainfall decreases in the interior, where the driest areas average about 70 inches per year. 1The information here reported was prepared in cooperation with the International Cooperation Administration. 2 Maintained at Madison, Wis., in cooperation with the University of Wisconsin. -
Recently Evolved Diversity and Convergent Radiations of Rainforest Mahoganies (Meliaceae) Shed New Light on the Origins of Rainforest Hyperdiversity
Research Recently evolved diversity and convergent radiations of rainforest mahoganies (Meliaceae) shed new light on the origins of rainforest hyperdiversity Erik J. M. Koenen1,2, James J. Clarkson3, Terence D. Pennington4 and Lars W. Chatrou2 1Institute of Systematic Botany, University of Zurich, Zollikerstrasse 107, 8008 Zurich,€ Switzerland; 2Biosystematics Group, Wageningen University, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB Wageningen, the Netherlands; 3Molecular Systematics Section, Jodrell Laboratory, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey, TW9 3DS, UK; 4Herbarium, Library, Art & Archives, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey, TW9 3AB, UK Summary Author for correspondence: Tropical rainforest hyperdiversity is often suggested to have evolved over a long time-span Erik J. M. Koenen (the ‘museum’ model), but there is also evidence for recent rainforest radiations. The mahoga- Tel: +41 (0) 44 634 84 16 nies (Meliaceae) are a prominent plant group in lowland tropical rainforests world-wide but Email: [email protected] also occur in all other tropical ecosystems. We investigated whether rainforest diversity in Received: 8 December 2014 Meliaceae has accumulated over a long time or has more recently evolved. Accepted: 15 April 2015 We inferred the largest time-calibrated phylogeny for the family to date, reconstructed ancestral states for habitat and deciduousness, estimated diversification rates and modeled New Phytologist (2015) potential shifts in macro-evolutionary processes using a recently developed Bayesian method. doi: 10.1111/nph.13490 The ancestral Meliaceae is reconstructed as a deciduous species that inhabited seasonal habitats. Rainforest clades have diversified from the Late Oligocene or Early Miocene Key words: diversification rate, evolutionary onwards. Two contemporaneous Amazonian clades have converged on similar ecologies and radiations, extinction, Meliaceae, molecular high speciation rates. -
Globaltreesearch Database Sources
GlobalTreeSearch database sources Abbott, J. R. (2009). Phylogeny of the Poligalaceae and a Revision of Badiera. Doctoral dissertation, University of Florida, FL. Acevedo-Rodríguez, P. (2011). Allophylastrum: a new genus of Sapindaceae from northern South America. PhytoKeys, 5, 39-43. Acevedo-Rodríguez, P. & Strong, M. T. (2007). Catalogue of the seed plants of the West Indies. Retreived September 01, 2014, from http://botany.si.edu/Antilles/WestIndies/. Acevedo-Rodríguez, P. & Strong, M. T. (2012). Catalogue of Seed Plants of the West Indies. Smithsonian Contributions to Botany, 98, 1-92. Acevedo-Rodríguez, P. & Brewer, S. W. (2016). Spathelia belizensis, a new species and first record for the genus in Central America (tribe Spathelieae, Rutaceae). PhytoKeys, 75, 145- 151. Adema, F. & van der Ham, R. W. J. M. (1993). Cnesmocarpon (Gen. Nov.), Jagera and Trigonachras (Sapindaceae-Cupanieae): Phylogeny and Systematics. Blumea, 38, 73-215. Agostini, G. & Fariñas, M. (1963). Holotype of Maytenus agostinii Steyerm. (Celastraceae). Caracas: Fundación Instituto Botánico de Venezuela. Akopian, S. S. (2007). On the Pyrus L. (Rosaceae) species in Armenia. Flora, Vegetation and Plant Resources of Armenia, 16, 15-26. Alejandro, G. J. D. & Meve, U. (2016). Rubovietnamia coronula sp. nov. (Rubiaceae: Gardenieae) from the Philippines. Nordic Journal of Botany. 34 (2), 385–389. Alemayehu, G., Asfaw, Z. & Kelbessa, E. (2016) Cordia africana (Boraginaceae) in Ethiopia: A review on its taxonomy, distribution, ethnobotany and conservation status. International Journal of Botany Studies. 1 (2), 38-46. Alfarhan, A. H., Al-Turki, T. A. & Basahy, A. Y. (2005). Flora of Jizan Region. Final Report Supported by King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology. -
Evolution Et Adaptation Fonctionnelle Des Arbres Tropicaux : Le Cas Du Genre Guibourtia Benn
EVOLUTION ET ADAPTATION FONCTIONNELLE DES ARBRES TROPICAUX : LE CAS DU GENRE GUIBOURTIA BENN. FELICIEN TOSSO COMMUNAUTE FRANÇAISE DE BELGIQUE UNIVERSITE DE LIEGE – GEMBLOUX AGRO-BIO TECH EVOLUTION ET ADAPTATION FONCTIONNELLE DES ARBRES TROPICAUX : LE CAS DU GENRE GUIBOURTIA BENN. Dji-ndé Félicien TOSSO Dissertation originale présentée en vue de l’obtention du grade de docteur en sciences agronomiques et ingénierie biologique Co-Promoteurs : Prof. Jean-Louis Doucet et Dr. Olivier J. Hardy Année 2018 Copyright Cette œuvre est sous licence Creative Commons. Vous êtes libre de reproduire, de modifier, de distribuer et de communiquer cette création au public selon les conditions suivantes : - paternité (BY) : vous devez citer le nom de l'auteur original de la manière indiquée par l'auteur de l'œuvre ou le titulaire des droits qui vous confère cette autorisation (mais pas d'une manière qui suggérerait qu'ils vous soutiennent ou approuvent votre utilisation de l'œuvre) ; - pas d'utilisation commerciale (NC) : vous n'avez pas le droit d'utiliser cette création à des fins commerciales ; - partage des conditions initiales à l'identique (SA) : si vous modifiez, transformez ou adaptez cette création, vous n'avez le droit de distribuer la création qui en résulte que sous un contrat identique à celui-ci. À chaque réutilisation ou distribution de cette création, vous devez faire apparaitre clairement au public les conditions contractuelles de sa mise à disposition. Chacune de ces conditions peut être levée si vous obtenez l'autorisation du titulaire des droits sur cette œuvre. Rien dans ce contrat ne diminue ou ne restreint le droit moral de l’auteur. -
Timber Trees of Liberia
Timber trees of Liberia University of Liberia, Monrovia [SCANNED BY OCR 25 JULY 2005] Timber Trees of Liberia by Ir J W A Jansen Formerly Assistant Professor of Forest Botany UNDP/SF/FAO College of Agriculture and Forestry Project University of Liberia University of Liberia Monrovia, 1974 A student at the University of Liberia’s Forest Project (WFP/FAO Photo by Banoun/Caracciolo) TABLE OF CONTENTS Preface....................................................................................................................................................... 1 Introduction............................................................................................................................................... 2 Abura......................................................................................................................................................... 3 Acajou blanc ............................................................................................................................................. 5 African oak................................................................................................................................................ 7 Aiele.......................................................................................................................................................... 9 Azobé ...................................................................................................................................................... 11 Bossé ...................................................................................................................................................... -
Cameroon, Ivory Coast • Asia: China, India • East Asia: Indonesia, Malaysia JAMES LATHAM DDS
WWF –UK Forest Campaign James Latham has signed up to the WWF –UK Forest Campaign committing to a 2020 target of purchasing only timber that has been independently certified as coming from legally and sustainably managed forests. 03.03.2013 EUTR implementation SUSTAINABLITY LEGALITY • North America: USA, Canada • South America: Brazil, Uruguay, Paraguay • Europe (outside EU): Russia • Africa: Ghana, Congo Brazzavile, Cameroon, Ivory Coast • Asia: China, India • East Asia: Indonesia, Malaysia JAMES LATHAM DDS CAMEROON • Lathams DDS • Country model • Risk assessments and mitigations Cameroon country model • Legality and corruption: CPI 27, Worldwide Governance Indictor, Global transparency index • Conflict timber: Not associated with conflict timber • FLEGT (VPA) licence: NOT available, The VPA is signed and is currently being implemented (no FLEGT licenses yet) • Timber sanctions from UN/ EU: No bans • Harvest ban on species: NONE • Export bans on logs: Acajou (Khaya anthotheca), afrormosia/assamela (Pericopsis elata), aningre (Aningeria altissima), bete (Mansonia altissima), bosse (Guarea cedrata), bubinga (Guibourtia tessmanii), dibetou (Lovoa trichiliodes), douka (Tieghemella heckelii/africana), doussie (Afzelia bipidensis), fromager (Ceiba pentandra), ilomba (Pycnanthus angolensis), iroko (Milicia excelsa), longhi (Gambeya spp.), moabi (Baillonella toxiperma), movingui (Distemonanthus benthamianus), ovengkol (Guibourtia ehie), padouk (Pterocarpus soyauxii), pao rosa (Bobgunnia fistuloides), sapelli (Entandrophragma cylindricum), sipo -
Biogeography and Ecology in a Pantropical Family, the Meliaceae
Gardens’ Bulletin Singapore 71(Suppl. 2):335-461. 2019 335 doi: 10.26492/gbs71(suppl. 2).2019-22 Biogeography and ecology in a pantropical family, the Meliaceae M. Heads Buffalo Museum of Science, 1020 Humboldt Parkway, Buffalo, NY 14211-1293, USA. [email protected] ABSTRACT. This paper reviews the biogeography and ecology of the family Meliaceae and maps many of the clades. Recently published molecular phylogenies are used as a framework to interpret distributional and ecological data. The sections on distribution concentrate on allopatry, on areas of overlap among clades, and on centres of diversity. The sections on ecology focus on populations of the family that are not in typical, dry-ground, lowland rain forest, for example, in and around mangrove forest, in peat swamp and other kinds of freshwater swamp forest, on limestone, and in open vegetation such as savanna woodland. Information on the altitudinal range of the genera is presented, and brief notes on architecture are also given. The paper considers the relationship between the distribution and ecology of the taxa, and the interpretation of the fossil record of the family, along with its significance for biogeographic studies. Finally, the paper discusses whether the evolution of Meliaceae can be attributed to ‘radiations’ from restricted centres of origin into new morphological, geographical and ecological space, or whether it is better explained by phases of vicariance in widespread ancestors, alternating with phases of range expansion. Keywords. Altitude, limestone, mangrove, rain forest, savanna, swamp forest, tropics, vicariance Introduction The family Meliaceae is well known for its high-quality timbers, especially mahogany (Swietenia Jacq.). -
Conservation Status of the Vascular Plants in East African Rain Forests
Conservation status of the vascular plants in East African rain forests Dissertation Zur Erlangung des akademischen Grades eines Doktors der Naturwissenschaft des Fachbereich 3: Mathematik/Naturwissenschaften der Universität Koblenz-Landau vorgelegt am 29. April 2011 von Katja Rembold geb. am 07.02.1980 in Neuss Referent: Prof. Dr. Eberhard Fischer Korreferent: Prof. Dr. Wilhelm Barthlott Conservation status of the vascular plants in East African rain forests Dissertation Zur Erlangung des akademischen Grades eines Doktors der Naturwissenschaft des Fachbereich 3: Mathematik/Naturwissenschaften der Universität Koblenz-Landau vorgelegt am 29. April 2011 von Katja Rembold geb. am 07.02.1980 in Neuss Referent: Prof. Dr. Eberhard Fischer Korreferent: Prof. Dr. Wilhelm Barthlott Early morning hours in Kakamega Forest, Kenya. TABLE OF CONTENTS Table of contents V 1 General introduction 1 1.1 Biodiversity and human impact on East African rain forests 2 1.2 African epiphytes and disturbance 3 1.3 Plant conservation 4 Ex-situ conservation 5 1.4 Aims of this study 6 2 Study areas 9 2.1 Kakamega Forest, Kenya 10 Location and abiotic components 10 Importance of Kakamega Forest for Kenyan biodiversity 12 History, population pressure, and management 13 Study sites within Kakamega Forest 16 2.2 Budongo Forest, Uganda 18 Location and abiotic components 18 Importance of Budongo Forest for Ugandan biodiversity 19 History, population pressure, and management 20 Study sites within Budongo Forest 21 3 The vegetation of East African rain forests and impact -
Flora 4.34MB
Baseline Vegetation and Flora Assessment, Yaligimba Concession, Feronia, DRC. Prepared by Leigh-Ann de Wet (M.Sc., Pri. Sci. Nat) For Digby Wells and Associates (International) Limited (Subsidiary of Digby Wells & Associates (Pty) Ltd) November 2015 LD Biodiversity Consulting Biodiversity Assessments, Baseline surveys and Impact Assessments and Integrated Management Solutions. www.ldbiodiversity.co.za [email protected] 083 352 1936 LD Biodiversity Consulting i Yaligimba Concession, Feronia This report should be cited as: L. de Wet (2014). Baseline Vegetation and Flora Assessment, Yaligimba Concession, Feronia, DRC. LD Biodiversity Consulting. Appointment of Specialist Leigh-Ann de Wet (LD Biodiversity Consulting) was commissioned by Digby Wells and Associates (International) Limited (Subsidiary of Digby Wells & Associates (Pty) Ltd) to undertake a vegetation and flora assessment along High Conservation Value Assessment goals (HCVRN 2014). Terms of reference were to review all information available on vegetation and flora of the region, as well as applying knowledge gained from a further brief site visit. Determinations of possible impacts associated with the existing plantation as well comments on High Conservation Value were also required. Details of Specialist Leigh-Ann de Wet LD Biodiversity Consulting Telephone: 083 352 1936 e-mail: [email protected] Expertise of the specialist M.Sc. in Botany from Rhodes University. Registered Professional Natural Scientist with the South African Council for Natural Scientific Professionals (Ecological Science). Registered with RSPO as a certified High Conservation Value Assessor (Plants), since 2011. Founded LD Biodiversity Consulting in 2014. Ecological Consultant since 2009. Conducted, or have been involved in over 100 Ecological Impact Assessments, Baseline surveys, Biodiversity Action Plans and Offset Plans throughout Africa. -
Côte D'ivoire
USAID COUNTRY PROFILE PROPERTY RIGHTS AND RESOURCE GOVERNANCE CÔTE D’IVOIRE OVERVIEW The West African country of Côte d’Ivoire is divided between two large agro-ecological zones: the northern savannah zone, where food crops, cotton and livestock predominate; and the fertile forest zone of the south, where most of the country’s cash crops, including cocoa and coffee, are produced. Nearly 64% of land in Côte d’Ivoire is used for agricultural purposes, and 68% of the labor force works in agriculture. Almost all farmland is held and transferred according to the rules and norms of customary law. Land is viewed as belonging to the lineage of the original inhabitants of an area. A village chief or other notable can allocate use of the land to extended family members or, as often happens in the south, to outsiders. Because customary procedures for the transfer of land are not well defined or consistently applied, their use has led to conflict, especially in the last few decades as population growth, immigration and commercialization of agriculture have increased competition for land. In 1998, with assistance from the World Bank, Côte d’Ivoire adopted the Rural Land Law, which aims to transform customary land rights into private property rights regulated by the state. Because of an extended period of political turmoil from 1999 to 2011, and lack of resources devoted to the effort, very little has been done to make the Rural Land Law a reality for most Ivoirians. Unsustainable farming techniques and a growing demand for fuelwood and commercial timber have decimated Côte d’Ivoire’s natural forests, which have declined from approximately 13 million hectares when the country became independent in 1960 to 2.5 million hectares in the 1990s. -
GHANA FORESTRY REPORT – Draft TOWARDS ECOWAS FOREST CONVERGENCE PLAN
GHANA FORESTRY REPORT – draft TOWARDS ECOWAS FOREST CONVERGENCE PLAN PREPARED BY PROF. K.TUFUOR 3/22/2012 F OR : Mr. Fernando Salinas Senior Forestry Officer FAO Accra, Ghana Mr. Abu‐Juam Technical Director (Forestry) Ministry of Lands and Natural resources Project Focal Point, Accra Table of Contents Chapter 1.0 IINTRODUCTION .............................................................................................. 5 Chapter 2.0,,,,,,,,,,,BIOPHYSICAL .................................................................................................................. 6 2.1. FOREST TYPES ............................................................................................................... 6 2.2. PERMANENT FOREST ESTATES (PFES) .......................................................................... 7 2.3. PROTECTED AREA MANAGEMENT (PAs) 8 2.4. PLANTED FORESTS 12 CHAPTER 3: SOCIO‐ECONOMIC SITUATION 14 3.1 IMPORTANCE OF FORESTRY 14 3.2 FOREST PRODUCTS AND FOREST‐BASED INDUSTRIES 15 3.3 INFORMAL SECTOR 20 3. 3.1 NON‐TIMBER FOREST PRODUCTS 22 3.3.2 LIVELIHOOD VALUES 23 3.4 RURAL AND URBAN ENERGY 23 3.5 ECOTOURISM 24 3.6 FORESTRY AND MDGS 25 3.7 FORESTRY PROJECTS & PROGRAMMES 26 CHAPTER 4.0 MAJOR ISSUES 29 4.1 MINING IN FOREST RESERVES 29 4.2 FOREST GOVERNANCE ISSUES 29 4.2.1 FOREST TENURE 30 4.3 STRENGTHENING PARTICIPATORY PROCESSES AND AND PUBLIC AWARENESS RAISING 30 4.4 GENDER BALANCE 30 4.5 REVENUE SHARING 31 4.6 POLICY AND LEGISLATION 31 4.7. FOREST MANAGEMENT 31 2 4.8 DEFORESTATION AND FOREST DEGRADATION 32 4.9 WILDFIRE MANAGEMENT