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Télécharger Le COI Focus COMMISSARIAT GÉNÉRAL AUX RÉFUGIÉS ET AUX APATRIDES COI Focus IRAK Situation sécuritaire dans le sud de l’Irak 28 février 2018 (mise à jour) Cedoca Langue de l’original : néerlandais DISCLAIMER : Ce document COI a été rédigé par le Centre de documentation et de This COI-product has been written by Cedoca, the Documentation and recherches (Cedoca) du CGRA en vue de fournir des informations pour le Research Department of the CGRS, and it provides information for the traitement des demandes d’asile individuelles. Il ne traduit aucune politique processing of individual asylum applications. The document does not contain ni n’exprime aucune opinion et ne prétend pas apporter de réponse définitive policy guidelines or opinions and does not pass judgment on the merits of quant à la valeur d’une demande d’asile. Il a été rédigé conformément aux the asylum application. It follows the Common EU Guidelines for processing lignes directrices de l’Union européenne pour le traitement de l’information country of origin information (April 2008) and is written in accordance with sur le pays d’origine (avril 2008). the statutory legal provisions. Ce document a été élaboré sur la base d’un large éventail d’informations The author has based the text on a wide range of public information selected publiques soigneusement sélectionnées dans un souci permanent de with care and with a permanent concern for crosschecking sources. Even recoupement des sources. L’auteur s’est efforcé de traiter la totalité des though the document tries to cover all the relevant aspects of the subject, the aspects pertinents du sujet mais les analyses proposées ne visent pas text is not necessarily exhaustive. If certain events, people or organisations nécessairement à l’exhaustivité. Si certains événements, personnes ou are not mentioned, this does not mean that they did not exist. organisations ne sont pas mentionnés dans ce document, cela ne signifie All the sources used are briefly mentioned in a footnote and described in pas qu’ils n’ont jamais existé. detail in a bibliography at the end of the document. Sources which have Toutes les sources utilisées sont référencées de manière simplifiée dans les been consulted but which were not used are listed as consulted sources. In notes en bas de page. À la fin du document, une bibliographie reprend les exceptional cases, sources are not mentioned by name. When specific références bibliographiques complètes. Les sources simplement consultées information from this document is used, the user is asked to quote the sont également reprises dans une liste. Dans des cas exceptionnels, la source mentioned in the bibliography. source n’est pas mentionnée nommément. En cas d’utilisation d’une This document can only be published or distributed with the written consent information spécifique contenue dans ce document, il convient de citer la of the Office of the Commissioner General for Refugees and Stateless source telle que mentionnée dans la bibliographie. Persons. La publication ou la diffusion du présent document est interdite sauf accord écrit du Commissariat général aux réfugiés et aux apatrides. WTC II, Bd du Roi Albert II 26 A, 1000 BRUXELLES T 02 205 51 11 F 02 205 51 24 [email protected] www.cgra.be IRAK. Situation sécuritaire dans le sud de l’Irak 28 février 2018 Table des matières Liste des sigles .................................................................................................................... 3 Introduction ........................................................................................................................ 4 1. Bref historique ................................................................................................................ 6 2. Situation actuelle du conflit ............................................................................................. 9 3. Typologie de la violence ................................................................................................ 14 4. Cibles de la violence ...................................................................................................... 15 5. Répartition géographique .............................................................................................. 16 5.1. Babil ......................................................................................................................... 16 5.2. Bassora ..................................................................................................................... 21 5.3. Kerbala ..................................................................................................................... 25 5.4. Najaf ......................................................................................................................... 27 5.5. Wasit, Qadisiya, Thi-Qar, Maysan et al-Muthanna ........................................................... 29 6. Déplacements de population ......................................................................................... 31 Résumé ............................................................................................................................. 33 Annexes ............................................................................................................................ 34 Bibliographie ..................................................................................................................... 35 Page 2 de 53 CG – 825 N IRAK. Situation sécuritaire dans le sud de l’Irak 28 février 2018 Liste des sigles AFP Agence France-Presse AIVD Algemene Inlichtingen- en Veiligheidsdienst (Pays-Bas) AP Associated Press BBC British Broadcasting Corporation CRS Congressional Research Service CSIS Center for Strategic and International Studies EI État islamique HRW Human Rights Watch IBC Iraq Body Count IED Improvised Explosive Device IHS Information Handling Services IRIN Integrated Regional Information Network ISW Institute for the Study of War JRTN Jaysh Rijal al-Tariqa al-Naqshbandiya NYT New York Times OHCHR Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights OIM Organisation internationale pour les migrations OSAC Overseas Security Advisory Council (Department of State – Bureau of Diplomatic Security) PMU Popular Mobilization Units RFE/RL Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty SIGIR The Office of the Special Inspector General for Iraq Reconstruction SVBIED Suicide Vehicle-Borne Improvised Explosive Device TRAC Terrorism Research & Analysis Consortium UNAMI United Nations Assistance Mission for Iraq UNHCR United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees VBIED Vehicle-Borne Improvised Explosive Device Page 3 de 53 CG – 825 N IRAK. Situation sécuritaire dans le sud de l’Irak 28 février 2018 Introduction Le présent COI Focus fait le point sur la situation sécuritaire dans le sud de l’Irak, en particulier sur la période allant de juin 2017 à février 2018. La recherche a été achevée en février 2018. Ce document a pour but de présenter un tableau d’ensemble de la violence dans les provinces du sud de l’Irak (Babil, Bassora, Kerbala, Najaf, Wasit, Qadisiya, Thi-Qar, Maysan et al-Muthanna). Il s’agit d’une mise à jour du COI Focus Irak - Situation sécuritaire dans le sud de l’Irak daté du 18 juillet 2017. Après un bref historique du conflit et une description de la situation actuelle, ce rapport examinera la typologie de la violence, ses cibles, sa répartition géographique et les déplacements de population dus au conflit. Cette analyse ne prétend pas donner un tableau exhaustif des incidents liés à la sécurité qui surviennent dans le sud de l’Irak. Les incidents dont il est fait mention ont essentiellement pour but d’illustrer la tendance générale observée dans les provinces du sud. S’agissant de la répartition géographique des violences, les provinces de Babil, Bassora, Kerbala et Najaf sont traitées dans des chapitres spécifiques, tandis que les provinces de Wasit, Qadisiya, Thi-Qar, Maysan et al-Muthanna sont regroupées dans un seul chapitre. Les conditions de sécurité dans ces provinces font l’objet d’un suivi continu par le Cedoca. Les futurs développements et incidents qui s’inscrivent dans la typologie de la violence esquissée ci-après seront intégrés dans la prochaine mise à jour de ce rapport. Si des changements fondamentaux ou des développements modifiant significativement la situation sur place devaient se produire, le présent COI Focus serait mis à jour le plus rapidement possible. Dans ce document, en ce qui concerne les noms de lieux, de personnes, de groupes armés et de partis politiques, le Cedoca fait usage de l’orthographe la plus couramment utilisée dans les sources anglophones consultées dans le cadre de ce COI Focus. Lorsque la translittération habituelle dans la presse francophone s’en écarte, c’est celle-ci qui sera retenue. Pour désigner l’État islamique en Irak, à savoir la branche d’al-Qaïda en Irak (AQ-I) qui a cherché à s’étendre dans une zone plus vaste (le Levant) et qui a adopté1, en avril 2013, le nom d’État islamique en Irak et au Levant, avant de rompre avec al-Qaïda en 2014, c’est le sigle EI2 qui est utilisé, d’après le nom « État islamique » que l’organisation s’est donné le 29 juin 2014 suite à la proclamation du califat. Une autre appellation, essentiellement utilisée par des sources arabes, est « Daesh », l’acronyme pour la dénomination arabe de l’EI : « ad-dowla al-islaamiyya fii-il-i’raaq wa- ash-shaam »3. Pour rédiger ce document, il a été principalement fait usage de sources publiques, à l’exception d’une personne de contact mentionnée dans la bibliographie
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