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The Influence of Terrorism on Discriminatory Attitudes and Behaviors
Shades of Intolerance: The Influence of Terrorism on Discriminatory Attitudes and Behaviors in the United Kingdom and Canada. by Chuck Baker A Dissertation submitted to the Graduate School-Newark Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey In partial fulfillment of the requirements For the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Graduate Program in Global Affairs Written under the direction of Dr. Gregg Van Ryzin and approved by ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ Newark, New Jersey May, 2015 Copyright page: © 2015 Chuck Baker All Rights Reserved ABSTRACT The Influence of Terrorism on Discriminatory Attitudes and Behaviors in the United Kingdom and Canada by Chuck Baker Dissertation Director: Dr. Gregg Van Ryzin, Ph.D. Terrorism has been shown to have a destabilizing impact upon the citizens of the nation- state in which it occurs, causing social distress, fear, and the desire for retribution (Cesari, 2010; Chebel d’Appollonia, 2012). Much of the recent work on 21st century terrorism carried out in the global north has placed the focus on terrorism being perpetuated by Middle East Muslims. In addition, recent migration trends show that the global north is becoming much more diverse as the highly populated global south migrates upward. Population growth in the global north is primarily due to increases in the minority presence, and these post-1960 changes have increased the diversity of historically more homogeneous nations like the United Kingdom and Canada. This research examines the influence of terrorism on discriminatory attitudes and behaviors, with a focus on the United Kingdom in the aftermath of the July 7, 2005 terrorist attacks in London. -
The Cost and Benefits of Education in Iraq
THE COST AND BENEFITS OF EDUCATION IN IRAQ: AN ANALYSIS OF THE EDUCATION SECTOR AND STRATEGIES TO MAXIMIZE THE BENEFITS OF EDUCATION EXECUTIVE SUMMARY There has been remarkable progress in education in Iraq. Enrolment in primary education grew tremendously over the past decade, increasing at about 4.1% per year. As of 2015-2016, 9.2 million students are enrolled across all education levels in Iraq. The total enrolment in primary education almost doubled to six million children in 2012 from 3.6 million in 2000. Girls’ enrolment grew at all levels and at faster rates than boys’ enrolment, although they are still enrolled in lower numbers than boys and tend to drop out at a higher rate. The rising number of students and recent financial crisis in Iraq pose new challenges in terms of providing sufficient education resources for the growing number of students. Unless Iraq increases its public education resources, its expanding enrolment will continue to strain existing education resources. In fact, as of 2013, 13.5% of school-aged Iraqi children (1.2 million children) did not have access to basic education.1 For those who are in school, there are large drop out and repetition rates. The quality of education and learning outcomes is decreasing, due in part to multiple-shifting of schools and dropping teacher retention rates. Government spend- ing on education infrastructure also remains low, although there is a marked increase in private schools yielding higher achievement rates. Looking at Iraq Centre and the Kurdistan Region of Iraq (KRI), this report aims to update the education situation, quantify the economic benefits of education, and identify sources of inefficiencies as well as key priority themes in the education sector with clear links to the National Education Strategy 2011-2020. -
Terror and Trickster
ABSTRACT TERROR AND TRICKSTER One of the ways in which rhetors stabilize the meaning of terrorism is through the vilification process. Two sets of artifacts were analyzed to explore the rhetorical mechanisms of and alternatives to radical vilification. The first set of artifacts demonstrates how Orthodox Terrorism Studies (OTS) scholars vilify and exclude Critical Terrorism Studies (CTS) scholars and their ideas. I argue OTS scholars perform rhetorical exclusion (Sanchez, Stuckey, & Morris, 1999) through naming, shifting the burden of proof, and strategic silence (Endres, 2009) to vilify CTS scholars. The second set of artifacts focuses on President Barack Obama and Secretary of State John Kerry’s rhetoric about ISIL from the first time they mentioned ISIL up to the execution of James Foley, a journalist. I analyze the speeches for vilification through rhetorical exclusion (naming and strategic silence), metaphors, and the Manichean dichotomy of Good vs. Evil. Finally, an alternative framework is offered to replace radical vilification. The alternative is the Trickster, an archetypal figure common to Native American and other indigenous discourse. Farrokh Eizadiboroujeni August 2016 i ii TERROR AND TRICKSTER by Farrokh Eizadiboroujeni A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in Communication in the College of Arts and Humanities California State University, Fresno August 2016 APPROVED For the Department of Communication: We, the undersigned, certify that the thesis of the following -
Immigration Policy, Race Relations and Multiculturalism in Post-Colonial Great Britain Flora Macivor Épouse Lamoureux
The Setting Sun : Immigration Policy, Race Relations and Multiculturalism in Post-Colonial Great Britain Flora Macivor Épouse Lamoureux To cite this version: Flora Macivor Épouse Lamoureux. The Setting Sun : Immigration Policy, Race Relations and Multi- culturalism in Post-Colonial Great Britain. History. 2010. dumas-00534579 HAL Id: dumas-00534579 https://dumas.ccsd.cnrs.fr/dumas-00534579 Submitted on 10 Nov 2010 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. UNIVERSITE DU SUD TOULON-VAR FACULTE DES LETTRES ET SCIENCES HUMAINES MASTER RECHERCHE : CIVILISATIONS CONTEMPORAINES ET COMPAREES ANNÉE 2009-2010, 1ERE SESSION THE SETTING SUN: IMMIGRATION POLICY, RACE RELATIONS AND MULTICULTURALISM IN POST- COLONIAL GREAT BRITAIN FLORA MACIVOR LAMOUREUX UNDER THE DIRECTION OF PROFESSOR GILLES LEYDIER ii TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................ 1 THE FIRST BRITISH ASIANS: A HISTORY .............................................................. 8 I. The Colonial -
Assessment of the Labour Market & Skills Analysis
Assessment of the Labour Market & Skills Analysis Iraq and Kurdistan Region-Iraq Information and Communication Assessment of the Labour Market & Skills Analysis Iraq and Kurdistan Region-Iraq Information and Communication Published by: United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization 7. place of Fotenoy, 75352 Paris 07 SP, France United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization, Office for Iraq UN Compound, International Zone, Baghdad, Iraq Education Sector E-mail: [email protected] UNESCO 2019 All rights reserved Designed by: Alaa Al Khayat UNESCO and Sustainable Development Goals UNESCO actively helped to frame the Education 2030 agenda which is encapsulated in UNESCO’s work and Sustainable Development Goal 4. The Incheon Declaration, adopted at the World Education Forum in Korea in May 2015, entrusted UNESCO to lead and coordinate the Education 2030 agenda through guidance and technical support to governments and partners on how to turn commitments into action. Acknowledgements This report is the result of the strong and collaborative relationship between the Government of Iraq and Kurdistan Region-Iraq (KR-I), European Union, and UNESCO. The report was drafted by David Chang, Rory Robertshaw and Alison Schmidt under the guidance of Dr. Hamid K. Ahmed, Louise Haxthausen and the Steering Committee Members of the TVET Reform Programme for Iraq and KR-I. The Central Statistical Organization (CSO) and the Kurdistan Regional Statistics Office (KRSO) provided valuable feedback and contributions to which -
Rebuilding Contested States
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by The Australian National University Rebuilding Contested States A comparative study of institutional design during political transition in Egypt, Iraq, Libya, & Tunisia Jessica Genauer November, 2018 A thesis submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy of The Australian National University © Copyright by Jessica Genauer, 2018 All Rights Reserved Declaration I declare that this PhD thesis contains no material that has been submitted previously, in whole or in part, for the award of any other academic degree or diploma. Except where otherwise indicated, this thesis is my own work. This research was supported by an Australian Government Research Training Program (RTP) Scholarship. Jessica Genauer Forward and Acknowledgments In 2011, as the Middle East and North Africa region exploded in political upheaval, I was in Jerusalem completing my Masters in Political Science. Watching long-term regimes that seemed so impermeable, shaken to their core in a matter of months, left a dramatic and lasting impression. Following closely over subsequent years, the missteps, twists and turns, and political trajectories in each state left me with the question: what do we understand about rebuilding contested states, and how is our knowledge still incomplete? Designing my thesis project a few years later, it was clear to me that I wanted to address this question. The goal of my research project was to contribute to our understanding of how the interaction amongst societal groups on the design and implementation of new political institutions shapes the trajectory of a political transition. -
The Representation of Extremists in Western Media
2015 The Representation of Extremists in Western Media As radicalised Muslim converts gain ever greater attention within the War on Terror (WoT) and the media, an investigation into their portrayal and the associated discourses becomes ever more relevant. This study aims to shed more light on the representation of these extremist individuals in the Western media, specifically white converts to Islam who become radicalised. It explores whether there is indeed a difference between the portrayal of female and male extremists within this context and seeks to reveal any related social or national anxieties. This research paper has a qualitative research design, comprising the comparative case study model and discourse analysis. The main sources for the discourse analysis are English-speaking Western newspapers. Laura Kapelari Supervisor: Jacqueline De Matos Ala A research report submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in International Relations University of the Witwatersrand 2015 Declaration I declare that this research report is my own unaided work except where I have explicitly indicated otherwise. This research report is submitted towards the degree of Master of Arts in International Relations by coursework and research report at the University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg. It has not been submitted before for any other degree or examination at any other university. _____________________________ Laura Kapelari 1 Table of Contents Declaration ................................................................................................................................... -
Stepford Four” Operation: How the 2005 London Bombings Turned E
The 7/7 London Bombings and MI5’s “Stepford Four” Operation: How the 2005 London Bombings Turned every Muslim into a “Terror Suspect” By Karin Brothers Global Research, May 26, 2017 Global Research This article first published on July 12, 2014 provides a historical understanding of the wave of Islamophobia sweeping across the United Kingdom since 7/7. This article is of particular relevance in understanding the May 2017 Manchester bombing and its tragic aftermath. (M. Ch. GR Editor) Nine Years Ago, the 7/7 London Bombing This article is dedicated to former South Yorkshire terror analyst Tony Farrell who lost his job but kept his integrity, and with thanks to the documentation provided by the July 7th Truth Campaign “:One intriguing aspect of the London Bombing report is the fact that the MI5 codename for the event is “Stepford”. The four “bombers” are referred to as the “Stepford four”. Why is this the case? … the MI5 codename is very revealing in that it suggests the operation was a carefully coordinated and controlled one with four compliant and malleable patsies following direct orders. Now if MI5 has no idea who was behind the operation or whether there were any orders coming from a mastermind, why would they give the event the codename “Stepford”? ” (Steve Watson, January 30, 2006 Prison Planet) Background The word was out that there was easy money to be made by Muslims taking part in an emergency- preparedness operation. Mohammad Sidique Khan — better known by his western nickname “Sid” — had been approached by his contact, probably Haroon Rashid Aswat who was in town, about a big emergency preparedness operation that was looking for local Pakistanis who might take the part of pretend “suicide bombers” for the enactment. -
One Year Later, Video Shows Warning by a London Bomber -
One Year Later, Video Shows Warning by a London Bomber - ... http://www.nytimes.com/2006/07/07/world/europe/07britain.htm... July 7, 2006 One Year Later, Video Shows Warning by a London Bomber By ALAN COWELL LONDON, July 6 — On the day before the first anniversary of the London bombings, Al Jazeera television showed a video on Thursday that appeared to be a last testament recorded in advance by one of the four attackers warning that, "What you have witnessed now is only the beginning." The broadcast included separate scenes of Ayman al-Zawahiri, the No. 2 leader of Al Qaeda, suggesting that the group was seeking to take responsibility for or at least to associate itself with the attacks. When that was recorded was unclear. The bomber, Shehzad Tanweer, 22, appeared in a red-and-white checked headdress against a backdrop that seemed strikingly reminiscent of a setting used in a video broadcast last September of a man identified as Mohammad Sidique Khan, who is suspected of being the ringleader of the attacks. On that video, Mr. Khan, 30, declared, "We are at war, and I am a soldier." The four bombers killed themselves and 52 victims in attacks on three subway trains and a bus on July 7, 2005. The attacks stunned Britons in part because they had been planned and carried out largely by British-born Muslims drawn to militant Islam. A report by Parliament in May said that Mr. Khan and Mr. Tanweer had visited Pakistan before the attacks, and, while there, might have contacted Qaeda figures and trained to use explosives. -
Iraq: Politics and Governance
Iraq: Politics and Governance Kenneth Katzman Specialist in Middle Eastern Affairs Carla E. Humud Analyst in Middle Eastern and African Affairs March 9, 2016 Congressional Research Service 7-5700 www.crs.gov RS21968 Iraq: Politics and Governance Summary Iraq’s sectarian and ethnic divisions—muted toward the end of the 2003-2011 U.S. military intervention in Iraq—are fueling a major challenge to Iraq’s stability and to U.S. policy in Iraq and the broader Middle East region. The resentment of Iraq’s Sunni Arabs toward the Shiite- dominated central government facilitated the capture in 2014 of nearly one-third of Iraqi territory by the Sunni Islamist extremist group called the Islamic State (IS, also known as ISIL, ISIS, or the Arabic acronym Da'esh). Iraq’s Kurds are separately embroiled in political, territorial, and economic disputes with Baghdad, but those differences have been at least temporarily subordinated to the common struggle against the Islamic State. U.S. officials assert that the Iraqi government must work to gain the loyalty of more of Iraq’s Sunnis—and to resolve differences with the Kurdistan Regional Government (KRG)—if an eventual defeat of the Islamic State is to result in long-term stability. Prospects for greater inter- communal unity appeared to increase in 2014 with the replacement of former Prime Minister Nuri al-Maliki with the current Prime Minister, Haydar al-Abbadi. Although both men are from the Shiite Islamist Da’wa Party, Abbadi has taken some steps to try to compromise with Sunnis and with the KRG. However, a significant point of contention with the KRG remains the KRG’s marketing of crude oil exports separately from Baghdad. -
A Comparative Study Between Internally and Externally Displaced Populations in the Duhok Governorate of Iraq
University at Albany, State University of New York Scholars Archive Public Administration & Policy Honors College 5-2018 Healthcare Services for the Displaced: A Comparative Study between Internally and Externally Displaced Populations in the Duhok Governorate of Iraq Shannon Moquin University at Albany, State University of New York Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarsarchive.library.albany.edu/honorscollege_pad Part of the Public Affairs, Public Policy and Public Administration Commons Recommended Citation Moquin, Shannon, "Healthcare Services for the Displaced: A Comparative Study between Internally and Externally Displaced Populations in the Duhok Governorate of Iraq" (2018). Public Administration & Policy. 8. https://scholarsarchive.library.albany.edu/honorscollege_pad/8 This Honors Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Honors College at Scholars Archive. It has been accepted for inclusion in Public Administration & Policy by an authorized administrator of Scholars Archive. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Moquin 1 Healthcare Services for the Displaced: A Comparative Study between Internally and Externally Displaced Populations in the Duhok Governorate of Iraq An honor’s thesis presented to the Department of Public Policy and Administration University at Albany, State University of New York in partial fulfillment of the requirements for graduation with Honors in Public Policy and Management and graduation from The Honors College Shannon Moquin Research Advisors: Kamiar Alaei, MD, DrPH, MPH, MS, LLM John Schiccitano, MBA May 2018 Moquin 2 Abstract: Although forced displacement is not a new problem, the topic has gained increasing attention due to the Syrian refugee crisis. This paper serves to explore the legal, contextual and practical differences between internally and externally displaced populations. -
SMA CENTCOM Reach-Back Reports
SMA CENTCOM Reach-back Reports This is Part 4 of a 9 part series of SMA Reach back responses to questions posed by USCENTCOM. Each report contains responses to multiple questions grouped by theme. 7 February 2017 1 At the request of United States Central Command (USCENTCOM), the Joint Staff, Deputy Director for Global Operations (DDGO), jointly with other elements in the JS, Services, and U.S. Government (USG) Agencies, has established a SMA virtual reach-back cell. This initiative, based on the SMA global network of scholars and area experts, is providing USCENTCOM with population based and regional expertise in support of ongoing operations in the Iraq/Syria region. The Strategic Multi-Layer Assessment (SMA) provides planning support to Commands with complex operational imperatives requiring multi-agency, multi-disciplinary solutions that are NOT within core Service/Agency competency. Solutions and participants are sought across USG and beyond. SMA is accepted and synchronized by Joint Staff (JS/J-3/DDGO) and executed by ASD(R&E)/EC&P/RRTO. 2 Table of Contents What are the strategic objectives and motivations of indigenous state and non-state partners in the counter-ISIL fight? ......................................................................................................................................... 4 In light of their divergent goals and interests, what are the necessary factors that would permit the U.S.- led Coalition, regional stakeholders (including Israel, Russia, and Iran), or jihadist groups to achieve their aims in Iraq? Where do disparate groups’ interests align and where do they diverge? What can the U.S. coalition do to deny adversaries the ability to achieve their goals? ....................................................... 107 What are near and long term Turkish interests and intentions in Syria and Iraq? What are Turkish interests and intentions with respect to al-Bab? ....................................................................................................