« Associations internationales » est publié par " International Associations " is published by the l'Union des Associations Internationales, Union of International Associations, organisation internationale non gouvernementale, à but non-profit making international nongovernmental orga- scientifique, fondée en 1910, ayant le Statut consultatif nization, founded 1910, granted Consultative Status by auprès du Conseil Economique et Social de l'O.N.U. the Economic and Social Council of the United Nations (septembre 1951) et auprès de l'Unesco (novembre 1952). (September 1951 ) and by Unesco (November 1952).

Comité de Direction - Executive Council President - President : Etienne DE LA VALLÉE POUSSIN, Sénateur, Délégué belge à Autres Membres - Other Members l'Assemblée Consultative du Conseil de l'Europe (Belgique). Prof. R. Ago (Italie) 11e Vice-Présidents - Vice-Presidents : Sir Ramaswami MUDALIAR. M .M. G. Baers (Belgique) President India Steamship Company (India) ; E. Beddington-Behrens (UK) Lord Beveridge (UK) Pierre VASSEUR, Secrétaire general de la Chambre de Com- Dr M. Blank (Germany) merce Internationale (France). L. Boissier (Suisse) Sir Harry Brittain (UK) Membres - Members : W. W. ATWOOD Jr, Director Office of M. Caetano (Porlugal) International Relations, National Academy of Sciences L. Camu (Belgique) Mgr Caprio (Vatican) (USA) ; Mrs K. Chattopadhyay (India) Th. CAVALCANTI, Doyen de la Faculté Nationale des Scien- G. de Soyza (Ceylon) ces Economiques de l'Université du Brésil (Brésil) ; J. Drapier (Belgique) r J. G. D'Souza (India) D G. ERDMANN, Secrétaire général de la Fédération des R. Fenaux (Belgique) Employeurs Allemands (Allemagne); J. H. Frietema (Pays-Bas) Max HABICHT, Avocat (Suisse) : A. Gjöres (Sweden) J. Goormaghtigh (Belgique) T. MAEDA, former Minister, Chairman Japanese National C H. Gray (UK) Commission for Unesco (Japan) ; K. S. Hasan (Pakistan) J. H. OLDENBROEK, Secretary-General of the International J. Henle (Allemagne) P. Heymans (Belgique) Confederation of Free Trade Unions (Netherlands) : P. Hoffman (USA) Louis VERNIERS. Secretaire general honoraire du Ministère E. Jensen ( Denmark) de l'Instruction Publique (Belgique) ; Miss A. Kane (New Zealand) M11e A. M. Klompe (Pays-Bas) Vittorino VERONESE, Président du Conseil Exécutif de O. B. Kraft (Denmark) l'Unesco (Italie). G Kraft (Argentine) H. Lange (Norway) Secrétaire Général - Secretary-General : Prof. G. Langrod ( France) Georges Patrick SPEECKAERT, Docteur en droit. 0. Leimgruber (Suisse) Ed. Lesoir (Belgique) R. P. Levesque (Canada) Ch. M a l i k (Liban) R. Millot (France) Mme Morard (Suisse) Secrétariats M Moskowitz (USA) Prof. H. Mosler (Germany) Secrétariat Général - General Secrétariat : R. Murphy (USA) Palais d'Egmont, Bruxelles, tél. 11.83.96. F. Muuls (Belgique) Lord Nathan or Churt (UK) Secrétariats régionaux - Regional Secretariats : Rt Hon Ph. Noel-Baker (UK) A. Ording (Norway) Allemagne : Herr Direktor K.-F. Schweig, Lord Boyd Orr (UK) Ehrenhof, 3, Düsseldorf, tél. 46 408. W. Oswald (Suisse) J. Pastore (Italie) France : M. Ranson, 35, boulevard de la Répu- K. Persson (Sweden) blique, Saint-Cloud (S.-et-O.). B. Pickard (UK) P. Pires de Lima (Portugal) Italie : M. F. Alberto Casadio, Palazzetto di A. Proksch (Autriche) Venezia, Via S. Marco, 3, Roma. L Rosenberg (Germany) J. Rueff (France) Netherlands : Mr A. Cronheim, Burgemeester Fr.-A. Schokking (Pays-Bas) de Monchy-plein, 14, Den Haag. M. Simon (France) e G. Tessier (France) Suisse : M Raoul Lenz, 8. rue de la Rôtisse- W. H. Tuck (USA) rie, Genève, tél. (022) 25.52.80/25.52.89. Baron F. van Ackere (Belgique) Jhr M. van der Goes van Naters United Kingdom : Mr E. S. Tew, 91, Lyndhurst (Netherlands) Gardens, Finchley, London N. 3: tel : G. N. Vansittart (UK) FIN 2354. M. van Zeeland (Belgique) P. van Zeeland (Belgique) USA : Mrs Julie d'Estonrnelles, c/o Woodrow W. von Cornides (Germany) Wilson Foundation, 45. East 65th Street, New H. von Brentano (Germany) L. Wallenborn (Belgique) York 21, N.Y. W. Watkins (UK) P. Wigny (Belgique).

ASSOCIATIONS INTERNATIONALES, 1957, N° 5 267 ASSOCIATIONS INTERNATIONALES • INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATIONS Rédaction - Administration : PALAIS D'EGMONT — BRUXELLES

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ASSOCIATIONS INTERNATIONALES, 1957, N° 5 269 INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATIONS INTERNATIONALES

9E ANNÉE 5 9TH YEAR MAI 1957 MAY

SOMMAIRE CONTENTS

Conference interpreting ...... 273 La Société internationale de Défense sociale, par J.-B. Herzog 285

*

• New international organizations — Nouvelles organisations internationales ...... 288 • Changements d'adresses et de titres — Changes of addresses and titles ...... 291 • Bibliography — Bibliographie ...... 293 • Echos de l'U.A.I...... 300 • Calendrier des réunions internationales annoncées (avec adresses) — List of forthcoming international meetings (with addresses) ...... 303

Monthly - Mensuel CONFERENCE INTERPRETING

This article, prepared by the Department of Natural Scien- ces in the Secretariat of Unesco, was originally intended to form part of the report entitled Scientific and technical trans- lating and other aspects of the language problem, mentioned on page 299. By arrangement with Unesco it is, however, printed here instead, as its interest was felt to be on the one hand somewhat marginal to that of the remaining chapters in the report and on the other hand not limited to technical subject fields. The names mentioned in the article are those of persons who either made original contributions to the Unesco report or commented on it in draft, to whom acknowledgment is made for allowing themselves to be thus quoted.

Conference interpreting is generally consi- cialize narrowly. Hence, as a rule, the most dered a more difficult job than written trans- that the organizers of a technical conference lating but there is a sense in which the opposite can hope for are interpreters who have had is true, in that often the debaters themselves previous contact with some related field of are able to " feel " whether or not the inter- science and who possess the faculty — which preter is getting their points across and to help ought to be regarded as a sine qua non of the him out. This happens even though their own profession — of rapidly reading up, in both the knowledge of the foreign language may be very languages involved, a subject which is new to rudimentary. It is another illustration of the them, in preparation for a conference on it. fact that the psychology of human intercom- It is for the organizers, in their own interests, munication defies complete analysis. It would to see that such interpreters are provided well seem that in some subtle way the mere presence beforehand with all useful documentation for in one room of people interested in the same this purpose. subject, aided by the tone and gestures with which they partly express themselves, imparts Even so an interpreter, however skilled as to their utterances a momentum which helps such, who is not a subject specialist, is almost to carry them across language barriers. bound to render technical concepts imperfectly. As an example, one of acknowledged standing Apart from help afforded him in this way, who was interpreting a discussion on the engine- the difficulty of an interpreters task is of ering of dams in a session of the World Power course much increased if the subject matter is Conference referred to "barrages poids " as technical and he is not familiar with it. Inter- "weight barrages" instead of "gravity dams". preting, especially by the simultaneous method, As the French word " barrage " is in fact used necessitates acquired skill and experience which also in English (though in rather a special make it a profession in itself. Numerically sense) it would undoubtedly be understood by it is only a very small profession and, what those present and the mistake was not at all concern us here, there are not enough interna- a serious one; nevertheless it must have caused tional conferences on any one subject to make them a split-second of puzzlement, interrupting it possible for professional interpreters to spe- the easy flow of the argument to which they

ASSOCIATIONS INTERNATIONALES, 1957, N° 5 273 Social Council held at United Nations headquarters in New York. Each delegate has his own microphone, and he listens by means of a minute plastic apparatus cover- ing one ear only. The deputies seated behind the delegates are using the old type of headphone. The row of chairs at the back are for members of the Secretariat,

At a meeting of the International Co-operative Alliance. USSR delegates listen to a speech through simultaneous interprétation

A session of the Older Boy's Conference (World YMCA) Paris 1955.

274 INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATIONS, 1957, No. 5 were listening. In the same way, misunder- various languages and supply instantly the re- standings of real importance can arise. The quired word or phrase; second, that it should remedy is not easy to suggest. retain for a very brief period (seldom more A leader in the profession, Mr. Jean Herbert than an hour) a picture as full, detailed, and has referred in The Interpreter's Handbook ( 1 ) accurate as possible of what has just been said (to which Professor S. Stelling-Michaud, prin- — after which the interpreter will be well cipal of the School of Interpreters attached advised to wash his mind clear of most of to the University of Geneva, has contributed a what he has memorized. In this latter function Preface) to three techniques, namely : (1) Con- the interpreter's memory is therefore the re- secutive interpreting in which the interpreter verse of the actor's. Whereas the actor has takes notes during the speech and afterwards ample time to learn his part, gradually and gives a rendering in another language. This is methodically, and is then expected to remem- the oldest and least difficult method. It allows ber it over a long period and repeat it ou a time for accuracy and if necessary for elucidat- succession of occasions, the interpreter must ing special terminology. For this reason it is wholly commit to his memory fleeting thoughts sometimes preferred for technical conferences; and words as they fly past, and then bring them but as compared with the simultaneous method back to mind only once, a very short while it doubles the length of the proceedings even later. if only two languages are used and tends to In his opinion, it is very rare to find the drag them out to an intolerable length if there qualities of a good interpreter and a good are more than two. It is tedious for the liste- translator combined in the same individual. ners, especially for those who have understood The requirements, he says, are fundamentally the original language. Moreover it destroys different; any possibility of a lively and stimulating " The reason for this is clear : the transla- debate. (2) Simultaneous interpreting, with tor can or should search at leisure for the wired or wireless transmission, in which the accurate term, as well as endeavour to ex-- interpreter speaks into a microphone in one press himself in the best possible grammar language at the same time as listening to the and style; he may rewrite the same para- next phrase in the language of origin, the par- ticipants hearing what he says in earphones graph ten times or more, improving it each connected through a switch which enables each time; he may consult all dictionaries and to listen to whichever language he prefers. reference books, and ask for help and advice. Given sufficient interpreters, there can be any The interpreter, on the other hand, is given number of these. (3) Simultaneous whispered hardly any time to think, can consult neither interpreting, when the interpreter whispers his books nor friends, and must " put across ", interpretation into the ears of one or two occa- immediately and as accurately as possible, sionally three delegates. whatever the speaker wishes to convey. But he may express nuances by varying the According to this authority, the basic quali- tone of his voice, he may repeat, correct or ties required in an interpreter are not excep- add to what he has just said, if he sees that tionally rare but their combination is un- he was not properly understood. These are common. They are : a capacity for being pas- in reality two contrary techniques which are sively receptive, i. e. for drinking in readily and without any personal reaction all that may mutually destructive. " be said by the speaker; the type of quick- Draft critics of the report on scientific and wittedness which makes for prompt and ef- technical translating now published by Unesco fective reparteee (interpretation being compa- were asked to comment on this opinion of rable, as he puts it. to a mental game of tennis) ; Mr. Herbert, and the result is rather interesting. and a good memory, because all the tricks of A majority seem to agree with him, and it is the trade are intended only to make up for pointed out that on the face of it there is no ils deficiencies. Two things are expected of the interpreter's memory : first, that it should (1) Herbert, J, : The Interpreter's Handbook : how to store up an exceptionally large vocabulary in become a conference interpreter. Geneva : Georg & Cie, 1952, 113 p.

ASSOCIATIONS INTERNATIONALES, 1957, N° 5 275 more reason why a good interpreter should bour Organization at Geneva, tend to recruit make a good translator, or vice versa, than that interpreters from among their translating staff, an author should be an orator. The quickness calling upon these to act as interpreters (with required of an interpreter is undoubtedly an additional pay) at times of heavy load. " I do asset for any translator, but perhaps, as one not know how successful this has been. On critic remarks, "Mr. Herbert feels that those the other hand I have often noticed that an who are very good at rapid improvising under interpreter who has long worked as a translator pressure need this very pressure to key them tends to be somewhat laboured in his expres- up to their work, just as a good fencer or boxer sion; even simply the continual striving to find needs the stimulus of an active opponent to absolutely the right equivalent terms, which is brine out his own talent and skill at "rapid im- an essential condition in written translating, provising ". The translator, however, is not reveals itself in hesitations when interpreting. under such constant pressure, and accordingly An interpreter who has not been trained as a is accustomed to engage wider areas of his mind translator will overcome such difficulties more at a more leisurely pace. " easily or will run round them by some para- phrase which will neatly express the speaker's There is a difference, too, in the qualities idea without distorting it. It is nevertheless required for simultaneous and consecutive in- quite possible for a translator to make a good terpreting, the latter having something in com- interpreter, especially in fields with which he mon with scientific abstracting. An interpreter, is familiar. Translator-interpreters are com- observes Miss M.I. Wyatt (U.K.) "needs to be moner in organizations which have a limited fast-thinking, versatile, ready for any emer- field than among free-lances. I have also gency; [he] would more than probably soon be known examples of interpreters working as bored with slower research work, while the good translators, but these are exceptional. When, translator needs to be painstaking and prepared as sometimes happens, an interpreter is called on occasion to search unswervingly until pre- upon to translate texts of resolutions at the end cisely the one and only suitable term is found ". of a conference, it is rare for him to undertake Miss M.E. Weeks (U.S.A.) states that at the the job and every reserve must be made as to Kresge-Hooker Scientific Library " we have its quality, this being as a rule done quickly found it impossible to judge an applicant's com- and without checking it back. When an inter- petence as a translator from the fluency of his preter presents or reads out such a translated spoken English. His English seems to flow more text he is well advised to draw the attention of freely when he is not confronted by written the secretariat or of the meeting to the fact that material in his mother tongue. It is then very it would be well for it to be checked. I have difficult to avoid introducing the foreign idioms further remarked that quite a number of con- and word order into the English translation. ference interpreters who have an astonishing The translator requires patience and puncti- facility of style in the spoken language lose all liousness; the interpreter must be alert and their assurance where it is a question of a writ- have both languages on the tip of his tongue, ten translation. This is a common phenomenon but has an opportunity to clarify any unclear among bilingual and polyglot people. They wording if questioned by the client ". speak the languages very well indeed, without Mr. W. Keiser (France), an interpreter who any trace of accent, but they never feel quite qualified at the Geneva school, comments that sure of themselves where it is a question of the better an interpreter knows his subject the drawing up a written text in any of their lan- better he is able to interpret. Among confe- guages with delicacy of touch ". rence interpreter* there are some who began their careers as translators. If they are called Mr. R.W. Jumpelt (German Federal Repu- upon to work in the subject field they have blic) who is himself experienced in both capa- known as translators, they in general give an cities considers that where highly technical sub- excellent performance, always provided that ject matter is in question, especially in working they also possess the other qualities mentioned parties, there is much to be said in favour of by Mr. Herbert. It is worth noting that certain the interpreter's and translator's functions being organizations, including the International La- combined in the same person.

276 INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATIONS, 1957, No. 5 Interpretation service for United Nations meetings. On the control panel in the engineer's booth (shown here) are black keys next to identification plates representing on the panel the placement in the. meeting room of representatives of each nation, the President or Chairman oj the meeting, and other officers. As a speaker is recognized, the engineer snaps the key and the speaker's voice comes alive through the small microphone on the desk before him. Meters on the control panel indicate the sound volume in the meeting room and in the headsets carrying the interpretation, permitting volume control by the engineer. (UNATIONS)

Simultaneous interpreters at work in their booth during a meeting of the Trusteeship Council. (UNATIONS) " The interpreter who is called upon to trans- asset to have these submitted to the chairman late papers leading up to a meeting becomes in a concise, written form ; he will then translate familiar with at least some of the arguments them orally one at a time. The senior member and learns beforehand a great deal of the ter- of the opposite team will delegate each ques- minology likely to be used in the meeting; in tion as it is translated, to the member of his fact he may learn a lot more than he can ever team qualified to answer it. The answers will hope for within the normal briefing time. then be translated back to the questioner. With this method, briefing is considerably Much time can be saved in this way, dealing shortened, a fact which no one will underrate rigidly with one point at a time, and control- who has been trying desperately to get hold of ling the amount of semi-relevant and irrelevant a delegate to ' talk things over ' before the con- comment. " ference. By the same token, the interpreter, Mr. W. Keiser, aforementioned, also refers after attending the meeting, will require far to speakers at conferences, even though they less assistance than the non-specialist translator may speak a foreign language perfectly, prefer- to make a competent translation of the minutes ring to use their own language because they of the meeting, working documents, etc., since feel surer in it and know that they can have he is bound to have shared the ideas and con- full confidence in the interpreter who will cepts that would be essential for such a trans- express what they want to say with complete lation. " fidelity and put it better than they could them- He argues that even in a large organization selves. In a negotiation a speaker often has to where the employment of more translators and rely on his own arguments alone, and it is fewer interpreters might be more economical, essential that the whole force and tone of these the combination appears desirable if highly should reach those for whom they are intended. specialized subjects are to be treated : because As a rule it is only a qualified interpreter who the oral and written work are largely comple- is capable of doing this in a foreign language. mentary it makes the results more reliable; No shared artificial language is capable of re- also because this may be the cheapest way to producing the forcefulness and liveliness of the provide in-service training in special fields; fur- natural one which reflects the culture of the thermore " translators who despite excellent people who read it. capabilities normally shrink from interpreting give a good performance when they have treat- An interpreter who served at the Nuremberg ed the subject in question in their written trials, where simultaneous interpreting was work ". used, states that it was not found that simult- aneous interpreters could read out the contents Mr. A.R. Longley (U.K.) suggests that an of documents before them in another language, interpreter who has the necessary technical but these must always be translated before- knowledge often makes a good chairman for hand, especially when they deal with special small technical conferences of up to a dozen subjects. " Good interpreters made bad trans- people. lators. Even so, accuracy is sacrificed to speed " There is a tendency in a small conference in simultaneous interpreting. Accuracy is ab- ... to divide into ' language groups ' each buz- out 60 per cent. Also, people talk more when zing or effervescing independently, unless an simultaneous as against consecutive interpreting efficient chairman is appointed. Hence, if an is used, so that the gain in time is not quite so interpreter is present, he is a natural choice, spectacular as it might appear ". especially if he is not taking part in the discus- Mr. C.H. Gray (U.K.) who, as Secretary to sions, and provided he has the qualifications of the International Executive Council of the a reasonably good chairman. It is wise to take World Power Conference, has had much expe- an early, firm, step to appoint a chairman, for rience in the organization of international con- whilst a certain amount of ' huddling ' is inevi- table, and sometimes necessary, someone should gresses, agrees on the need for interpreters to control it. Where the nature of the discussion receive all necessary documentation as long be- centres around questions to be asked by one fore the conference as possible, but he regards side, and answered by the other, it is a great it as a counsel of perfection that they should invariably be able to have pre-prints of all the

278 INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATIONS, 1957, No. 5 Photograph taken at the Palace of the National Assembly, Lisbon, during the 30th session of the International Institute of Differing Civilizations from 15-18 April 1957. The simultaneous interpretation was effected in three languages, English, French and Portuguese, by means of specially installed radio equipment. It will be noted that for each tier there is a transportable microphone, the Parliamentary ushers being responsible for moving it as required. papers and scripted contributions. He has not ledge of the special terminology. The scientist found that professional interpreters are often versed in the subject with a good knowledge of able to give good advice on congress arrange- the language would seem the best solution, yet ments except as regards the actual interpreta- he might not be able to convey the matter tion. Nor does he consider that a " quiz ses- immediately, as his interest would be in subject sion " is often practicable. He is of opinion matter rather than interpreting, and the more that for highly technical matter a greater de- vital the information the less it might be con- gree of familiarity with the subject matter is veyed in his own tongue, as he would be think- required in the case of consecutive than in that ing in the other. Then also there is the trick of simultaneous interpreting, since in practice of omitting to interpret what is " common what is usually required is a full summary sense ", too well known to need mention, which rather than a word-for-word interpretation of leaves the listener groping for full comprehen- contributions to the discussion. sion. " Mr. R.C. Woods (U.K.), whose experience is In 1954 three articles on interpreting appear- highly technical, refers to "round-the-table" ed in the same number of International Asso- interpreting rather than to what is required at ciations. The first of these ( 1 ) states that with large conferences. He agrees that this differs, the United Nations simultaneous interpreting is as regards qualities demanded from translation : " In special subject interpreting surely one (1) Thorgevsky, G. : « L'interprétation aux Nations needs a general ability supplemented by know- Unies ». International Associations. VI, 7-8 (July-Au- gust 1954), pp. 339-41.

ASSOCIATIONS INTERNATIONALES, 1957, N° 5 279 will prove suitable for a conference without such aids. The tone and volume of voices used in conference discussion cannot be compared with the conditions that obtain at ordinary meetings ". Systems which require that dele- gates shall sit in specified parts of the hall where a block of seats is reserved for inter- preting into a particular langnage are unde- sirable because they segregate the different na- tionals instead of mixing them with the repre- sentatives of other countries. This increases the tendency for " policy arguments " to be for- mulated on a national basis and may offset the whole object of a conference. " Systems in which each delegate is provided with his own wireless receiving equipment have been used with varying results at many conferences, but the mobility which they provide is not always such a desirable facility as might at first appear, and there is the risk of the radiated interpret- ations being heard outside the conference by people for whom they are not intended ". In the third article (2), another interpreter of eminence and experience advises organizers George Sherry, UN interpreter, photographed in of conferences to arrange for interpretation his booth. (UNATIONS) well in advance and to avoid if possible the peak periods, around Easter and at the begin- ning of October. It is obviously cheaper to standard practice except in some small working engage locally resident interpreters if they are groups and for receiving reports of missions in available, but it would be a capital error to unusual languages, for which the consecutive subordinate quality to this consideration. He method is used. The average length of a does not advise applying to commercial agen- speech is ahout thirty minutes: the record cies or to interpreters' schools, the latter being five hours. In the Security Council, however, concerned only with future interpreters; some simultaneous interpretation is followed in the of them, however, have associations of former case of Council members, by consecutive inter- pupils which can suggest available interpreters. pretation also. The interpreters are only rerely Team work is essential and a chief interpreter called upon to do jobs other than interpreting. should be appointed to organize the others, When they have any spare time they use it for deal with any complaints and to pass on any training in supplementary languages. They al- praise. most invariably confine themselves to interpret- Similar opinions were voiced by Or. P.S. ing into a single language; on the other hand Ilvento (Argentina), who regards interpreting it is not found possible to carry subject specia- as the highest form of the art of translating, an lization very far. activity that make the greatest demands of all The second of thse articles (1) was by a di- on range of knowledge, culture, linguistic per- rector of Recorded Sound Ltd. (27-31 Bryanston Street, London, W.1), a firm which specializes ( 1 ) Fletcher, H. Lynton : « Translating, Listening and in installing apparatus for simultaneous inter- Transcribing at Conferences ». International Associfi- pretation. Audibility and acoustics, he re- tions, VI, 7-8 (July-August 1954), pp. 342-4. marks, need to be determined by experiment. O Meyer, J. : « Organisation d'un service d'inter- " The fact that a hall may have been used on prétariat pour les besoms de conférences internationa- les ». International Associations, VI, 7-8 (July-August previous occasions for meetings without Voice 1954), pp. 345-7. Amplifying equipment is no indication that it

280 INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATIONS, 1957, No. 5 spicacity and technical resources, combined There have been considerable improvements with a degree of mental ability which takes also in the ease of assembly and dismantling years to acquire. It follows that good results of wired simultaneous systems. cannot be expected without a proper incentive " The usefulness of recording as a means of in the form of adequate remuneration ; whereas transcribing conferences has been enormously in his experience the organizers of international enhanced in recent years by the performance of conferences are all too apt to improvise their recording and playback machines, particularly corps of interpreters at the last moment, and those using magnetic tape, which can be used to engage persons who are incompetent both by average-speed shorthand typists as easily as linguistically and technically. a dictaphone. The fact that the tape can be Amplifying these remarks as a contribution recorded on repeatedly reduces costs enorm- to the Unesco report, their author mentions ously, and this is a fact which deserves to be that his own firm : much more widely known by conference orga- nizations. " [On this last point, another draft " provides facilities enabling speakers to re- critic of the Unesco report advises that tape hearse and, if desired, to listen to their own records should be made of the speaker's own results via recording. I would emphasize that words, not of the interpretation, and Le trans- even the most obstinate delegate, accustomed to lated afterwards at leisure.] speak fast and indistinctly, will improve on hearing a recording of himself as others ear In an earlier number of International Asso- him. ciations., an experienced interpreter stressed various practical points which organizers of " There is a tendency on the part of the international conferences should bear in mind organizers of some simultaneous systems to dis- to get the best service. (1) First, she insists, pense not only with this selection system, they should make sure of a sufficient number whereby each delegate can listen to any lan- of interpreters, or the quality of the work will guage no matter where he sits in the hall, but decline as fatigue increases. For consecutive also to dispense with the use of sound proof interpreting it is important that the interpreters booths for the interpreters. I regard the latter should be comfortably seated, with pencils and as a distinctly retrograde step for two reasons. paper for their notes, in well chosen positions First, because the interpreter himself cannot where they can both hear properly and can see in these circumstances give the concentrated all the delegates' faces: thought which a good interpretation requires, " Yet we remember one conference where and second and perhaps more serious, the dele- the interpreters, who had been given little stools gates will not in these circumstances hear an outside the circle of delegates, preferred to interpretation entirely free from the other hall stand for hours on end in order to catch the noises picked up by the interpreter's micro- remarks exchanged by delegates within the phone. circle from which they were excluded. It hap- pens only too often that the interpreters are " The discovery and development of the ger- placed at the foot of a long table and have the manium crystal has of course greatly simplified greatest difficulty in hearing what is said at the construction of receiving equipment for the other end, not to mention the fact that those systems of simultaneous interpreting they have to raise their voices considerably in which utilize radio as distinct from wired sys- order to make themselves heard. It is not tems. The disadvantages inherent in these sys- from vanity that interpreters insist on being tems however, i.e. cost of upkeep, damage to placed in the middle of the assembly-room the relatively delicate receiving equipment, and with a table either to themselves or shared the difficulty of securing complete secrecy re- with the stenographers — or else close to the main. On the other hand, the cost of wired chairman or secretary of the meeting, if pos- systems has considerably decreased,, and there sible at the chairman's table. If mistakes in is an interesting development which makes it. possible, in certain circumstances, for head- (1)Hedinger, E. : « The Interpreter's Viewpoint », phones to pick up by induction instead of hav- International Associations, VI, 5-6 (May-June 1954), ing to be connected by a plug and socket. pp. 274-7.

ASSOCIATIONS INTERNATIONALES, 1957, N° 5 281 interpretation and misunderstandings of all than a call-box, equipped with an apparatus kinds are to be avoided it is essential that the that gives off heat, the temperature — as we interpreters should hear and see everything and have lately had the occasion to discover — will that the delegates should be able to hear the soon rise to 85° F or 95° F (30° C or 35° C), interpreter. The co-operation of the secretary in which case the work of these two ' human- to the conference is most valuable to the inter- interpreters ' will be affected, unless indeed it preters; for he can help him to catch the dele- is brought to a halt by one or both of the inter- gates' names and to understand allusions which preters fainting. are obscure to those unfamiliar with the wor- " As a rule it is advisable to consult an expe- king of the organization, as is often the case rienced interpreter before a meeting opens and, with a ' free-lance ' interpreter. He can also if possible, before the apparatus and booths for explain technicalities foreign to the interpreter, simultaneous interpretation are finally installed. who is not always an expert on the subject, not Once this is done the interpreter should have to mention the moral support implied by the an opportunity of testing the apparatus and presence of a competent person to whom the suggesting improvements or changes. It is often interpreter can turn in case of difficulty. difficult to convey the requirements of the In equipping a room for simultaneous inter- work to the technicians or engineers respon- pretation it is important that the engineers sible, however great their good-will, especially give proper attention to control over both when they lack the requisite experience or the quality and the volume of the sound of the equipment is improvised. In such cases the speakers' voices reaching the interpreter the organizers of the conference may provide through his earphones : valuable support. " If the sound is indistinct or feeble the " In view of the faultless work required of interpreter, however good he may be, will in- interpreetrs it cannot be said too often that con- dulge in guesswork with all the risks it involves. ference papers are indispensable to them. The Once the equipment is installed the interpreter interpreter is not an all-round expert, and even should be able not only to ' listen ' through if he were in certain subjects, as is the case the headphones in his booth but also to amplify with some of our colleagues, he could never the volume of sound so that his own voice does know everything. Hence his need to examine not drown the speaker's with which it is simul- before the conference the matters to be discus- taneous. sed, which means that all the papers pertaining " It is also desirable that the interpreter to them, in the several languages of the meeting, should be able to see the assembly-room and must be sent to him from the press; only thus the speakers. Vision assists understanding and can he acquaint himself with the terminology thus improves the interpretation. Ability to fol- of the various languages he will be interpreting. low the expression and gestures of the speaker, This should likewise be done during the con- as well as the reactions of his audience, awar- ference. It were desirable ... that the circula- eness of the effect and utility of one's interpre- tion of print during the assembly should be tation — all these are psychological assets to directed in the first place to the interpreters, the interpreter. It is a mistake, as we know so that they may glance through the new texts from experience, to shut up interpreters within or have them already before their eyes when the four wall of a windowless cell, or to put a delegate refers to them. We are thinking them in a room other than that where the meeting is being held. The furnishing or out- especially of medical conferences, which require ward appearance of the assembly-room should a more thorough preparation by the interpreter. not be allowed any more than questions of pro- We heard recently of a highly specialized medi- tocol or prestige, to interfere with the inter- cal conference where the interpreters were re- preter's normal and necessary conditions of fused all access to documents before and during work. ... Another important point is adequate the conference. It is by no means superfluous ventilation in the interpretation booths : need- to stress the importance of conference papers, less to say, when two human beings are shut up which are to the interpreter as tracks to a rail- even for half an hour, in a space hardly bigger way train. This holds good for consecutive and simultaneous interpretation alike. "

282 INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATIONS, 1957, No. 5 The Council for International Organizations of Medical Sciences, which works in close asso- ciation with Unesco and receives financial assis- tance from the latter, has paid much attention to improving the standards of conference or- ganization from various aspects, including inter- pretation. The second of the two numbers of its Bulletin (published from the same address as Unesco, at present, 19, avenue Kleber, Paris XVIe) which constitute a Handbook on the Organization of International Meetings (1) re- fers to these questions, from which Unesco is kindly permitted to reproduce the following extracts here : " No large international congress should be organized nowadays without simultaneous inter- pretation, but it must be borne in mind that the organization of an interpretation service is costly and difficult and is best left in the hands of a competent person. Second-class interpre- Model simultaneous interprétation sound table which is used by delegates in all meetings at the UN Permanent tation is worse than none from the point of Headquarters. Delegates seated at the table are able to view of communication. Financially, it is tant- listen in any of the five working languages by pressing amount to throwing good money away. The switches. (UNATTONS) smaller meetings which gravitate around the official languages, the number of interpreters congress proper — such as committee meetings required will be n (n-1). or even delegate meetings — may fare better with consecutive interpretation, if only two " There are ways and means of reducing the languages are involved. ... number of interpreters : for instance, in a two- " Clearly, simultaneous interpretation is the language meeting, if one language group is in method of choice for large meetings or when minority, two interpreters will be required to the number of official languages is greater than interpret from the language of the majority two. It suffers from one disadvantage, the into the language of the minority, whereas only translation cannot be checked. ... one will cover the needs in the other direction. " First-class interpreters are not very many. " When there are more than two official In Europe there are approximately 120. Those languages, the use of the trilingual interpreters specialized in scientific and technical matters will obviously cut down numbers. There are are fewer still. Main recruiting centres in other ways, of course, of organizing an inter- Europe are Paris and Geneva where many pretation service. It may be felt wise to in- intergovernmental agencies have their head- crease the number of languages in which the quarters, and, to a lesser degree, London. participants may speak, but allow interpreta- " Usually an interpreter works in two lan- tion into only two languages. For instance, the guages, occasionally three and exceptionally stalling languages may be English, French, Rus- four. Two interpreters per official language sian, and Spanish with interpretation into are required for simultaneous interpretation. French and English only. This is a compro- Four interpreters are thus required when there mise solution as participants whose tongue is are only two official languages, six when there Russian or Spanish will have to listen to what are three, but when the number of languages is going on in English or French. exceeds three, the number of interpreters re- " One method of cutting down costs should quired rises steeply. If n is the number of never be used if it can possibly be avoided and that is the relay system. An example will be (1) ClOMS Bulletin, VII, 34 July-December 1956), given. A speech is given in German. This is 32 p. and VIII, 1-4 (January-December 1957).

ASSOCIATIONS INTERNATIONALES, 1957, N° 5 283 interpreted into English but as there is no person will trip over a wire and break a cir- interpreter capable of giving a direct rendering cuit, it can confidently be expected that he will in French, the French interpreter picks up the do so. With the wireless system, a transmitter English version. The French participants will broadcasts the original and the translations on therefore be listening to an interpretation of an separate wave-lengths. interpretation and this may be rather far from " With regard to cost, there is not much dif- the original. ference between the two systems, the wireless " In conclusion, when a budget is limited, it system being the more expensive of the, two. is better to organize a good interpretation ser- The great advantage of the wireless system is vice in two or three languages than a more am- that if several halls are equipped for simul- bitious service requiring the use of tricks to cut taneous interpretation it is possible to shift down costs. ... earphones from one hall to another according " Consecutive interpretation requires only to the size of each audience. ... paper and pencils. Simultaneous interpretation " Earphones are not required for all register- requires an elaborate equipment. In both cases, ed members of the congress : it is safe to pro- the speaker talks into a microphone which is vide earphones for two-thirds of total member- connected directly by wire to the interpreters. ship. These work in sound-proof (and ventilated) " Whatever the quality of the equipment boxes or booths which should be so placed that used, the quality of the interpretation depends the interpreters can see the speaker, the plat- on the interpreters. As the number of first- form and as much of the hall as possible. Each class people is small and as most international booth corresponds to a language and is clearly congresses have to be fitted into a relatively short numbered. In addition, notices are displayed period of time, congress organizers should make prominently stating which language can be their arrangements for interpretation at least heard at which point of the switch to which the one year ahead. Moroever. interpreters must headphone is connected. It is important, if be acquainted with the specialized terminology possible, to carry the speaker's voice over the used at the meeting. All relevant documenta- public address system of the hall, otherwise the tion should be sent to them as soon as available. speaker will be placed in difficulty, for he will Then it is a good plan to organize a rehearsal be presented with a microphone which, he may the day before the congress and to bring to- not realize, is taking his words to the inter- gether interpreters and speakers of different preters only. He will therefore speak at micro- mother tongues to clear up matters of seman- phone pitch and his voice will be inaudible tics which may give rise to difficulty. Finally, over the main body of a large hall. a technician should always be on the spot to " As far as the discussion from the hall is service the equipment and repair faults which concerned, it wastes time and inhibits discus- may develop. " sion if all the discussants have to mount the rostrum to speak; and a system of roving micro- • phones carried on long leads by stewards who RESUME bring the microphone as near as possible to the Cet article, préparé par le Département des Sciences would-be speaker, can usually be worked out. naturelles du Secrétariat de l'Unesco, devait à l'origine It is only in the smaller meetings or in specially faire partie du rapport intitulé « Scientific and Technical built conference halls that each participant has Translating and other Aspects of the Language Pro- a personal microphone or shares one with his blem». Cette étude, d'une part, n'est pas limitée an domaine technique et, d'autre part, ne relève pas direc- immediate neighbours. tement des questions traitées dans l'ensemble des antres The mode of transmission from interpreters chapitres. Aussi, à la suite d'un accord avec l'Unesco, (and speakers) to audience is the main distin- il a été décidé de publier ici cet article dont «Associa- guishing feature between the telephone system tions Internationales» se réjouit de donner la primeur a ses lecteurs. and the wireless system. The telephone system means wiring the hall with all the difficulties D'une façon générale, l'interprétation de conférences est considérée comme plus difficile que la traduction. inherent to the installation of cables. Further- La profession d'interprète requiert un ensemble de more, if there is the remotest chance that a (suite page 287 )

284 INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATIONS, 1957, No. 5 Methodes et Expériences La Société Internationale de Défense Sociale par Jacques-Bernard HERZOG Filippo GRAMATICA Président de ta Secrétaire général Société Internationale de Défense Sociale traitement que nécessite l'étiologie de sa délin- Il ne suffit pas de défendre la société contre quance. C'est en ce sens qu'il donne la primauté les criminels, il faut aussi protéger ses membres à la prévention individuelle sur la prévention du risque de tomber dans la criminalité : tel collective. est le double but que s'est assigné le mouvement de défense sociale. Le mouvement devient organisation L'école de défense sociale tend ainsi, au delà L'homme derrière le délinquant de la doctrine criminaliste, à s'ériger en un mou- Ce n'est pas une école qui cherche à imposer vement de politique criminelle. Son ambition une dogmatique nouvelle et à remplacer toutes les théories du droit pénal par une doctrine unique. C'est un mouvement d'idées qui prétend associer les sciences criminologiques aux tech- niques juridiques en une politique criminelle réaliste. Sa fin la plus immédiate est de dissiper les fictions qui ont présidé au développement du droit pénal classique, et de démasquer la réalité de l'homme derrière l'apparence de son délit. La défense sociale, qui considère la justice pénale comme une action sociale, envisage le crime comme un fait humain et se propose d'intégrer le délinquant au procès pénal. C'est pourquoi elle se refuse à construire le délit Jacques-Bernard HERZOG comme une notion de droit pur et implique une né à Paris, le 21 décembre 1914, conception du droit pénal qui, sans chercher Substitut du Procureur de la République à punir, en tant que faute, la violation con- près le Tribunal de la Seine, sciente des règles légales, tend à protéger la Anden Substitut du Procureur Général près le Tribunal Militaire International société contre les entreprises criminelles. de Nuremberg, Le mouvement de défense sociale n'exclut pas Secrétaire Général de l'Institut nécessairement tout recours à la peine, mais il de Droit Comparé de l'Université de Paris, Secrétaire Général entend assurer la protection sociale par un en- de la Société Internationale de Défense Sociale, semble de mesures destinées à mettre le délin- Secrétaire Général Adjoint quant hors d'état de nuire en lui appliquant le de l'Association Internationale de Droit Pénal

ASSOCIATIONS INTERNATIONALES, 1957, N° 5 285 avouée est d'amener les Etats modernes à orien- a permis de montrer comment se caractérise et ter leurs réformes pénales en fonction des idées s'élabore un droit criminel de prévention dont qu'elle défend. une politique criminelle réaliste ne saurait se Dès l'origine du mouvement, Filippo Grama- passer. tica, un avocat de Gênes, avait créé en 1945, Le prochain congrès se tiendra dans le cou- dans cette ville, un « Centre international de rant du mois d'août 1958 à Stockholm. Il y sera défense sociale ». En 1947 déjà se tient le pre- discuté d'un thème impliquant un examen con- mier congrès international à San Remo sous les joint des problèmes de dogmatique pénale et de auspices du Centre, suivi d'un second, deux ans technique juridique, à savoir les modalités de après, à Liège. A l'issue de ce congrès et à l'ini- l'intervention contre les actes antisociaux des tiative encore de M. Gramatica, est fondée la Société internationale de défense sociale qui mineurs inadaptés. groupe professeurs, magistrats, médecins et avo- La Société internationale de défense sociale cats s'intéressant aux problèmes posés par la organise ses congrès dans l'esprit qui inspire son prévention du crime et par le traitement des étude du problème criminel. Elle suit une mé- délinquants. En 1956, trente-cinq pays y sont thode qui lui est propre et dont elle attend un représentés. La Société bénéficie du statut con- renouvellement des études du droit pénal. Elle sultatif catégorie B auprès de l'Organisation des tente d'intégrer l'exposé des problèmes juridi- Nations Unies. ques posés par la criminalité dans une recherche Désormais organe du mouvement, tous les systématique des fondements scientifiques et efforts de la Société se portent vers la re- techniques qui les commandent. Sans négliger cherche, dans le cadre de la conception huma- l'apport que les juristes peuvent apporter à ses niste, de solutions scientifiques aux véritables travaux, elle a toujours voulu les coordonner données du problème criminel. Dans cet esprit, avec ceux des psychologues et des sociologues. elle n'hésite pas à proposer l'adoption d'une Son intention est de parvenir, par la collabo- nouvelle politique criminelle. ration des disciplines scientifiques intéressées par le phénomène de la criminalité, à une étude Publications et Congrès synthétique des divers moyens par lesquels la société peut prévenir et combattre le crime. Il Ses moyens sont de deux ordres : ses publica- est de tradition qu'à chacun de ses congrès, rap- tions et ses congrès. porteurs particuliers et rapporteurs généraux Le secrétariat général de la société assure étudient concurremment, chacun selon sa spé- officiellement la responsabilité et la rédaction cialité scientifique, les aspects bio-psychologi- du Bulletin, de la Société internationale de dé- ques, sociologiques et juridiques de la crimina- fense sociale, tandis que la Revue internationale lité et de la réaction anticriminelle. C'est parce de défense sociale est animée par le président qu'elle est imbue de la conviction que le véri- de la Société, M. Gramatica. Mais il ne faut pas table humanisme judiciaire trouve son origine omettre de souligner qu'un livre publié en 1954 dans un réalisme exempt de fictions qu'en défi- par M. Marc Ancel, conseiller à la Cour de cas- nitive la Société internationale de défense so- sation de France, vice-président de la Société, ciale emprunte aux sciences d'observation ses sous le titre « La défense sociale nouvelle, Un méthodes de travail. C'est à partir de l'observa- mouvement de politique criminelle humaniste » tion de l'homme délinquant, pris dans sa per- peut légitimement être considéré comme con- sonnalité d'homme libre et dans son appar- tenant le plus brillant et le plus solide des expo- tenance aux groupes sociaux dans lesquels il sés de la doctrine du mouvement. évolue ou auxquels ils se heurte, qu'elle cherche Depuis sa création, la Société internationale à construire un système de lutte contre la crimi- de défense sociale a tenu deux congrès : à An- nalité, et peut-être en définitive la caractéris- vers en 1954 et à Milan en 1956. Ce dernier tique fondamentale de la Société internationale congrès a été consacré à l'étude des questions de défense sociale, de la doctrine qui l'anime et posées par la prévention des infractions contre de la méthode qui l'inspire, est qu'elle veuille la vie humaine et l'intégrité de la personne. II ce système peut-être plus renouvelé dans son esprit que nouveau dans ses institutions.

286 INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATIONS, 1957, No. 5 SUMMARY rité des experts consultés par l'Uneseo, c'est une formule Society must be defended against criminals; but also très préjudiciable pour la qualité du travail. On ira plus its members must be prevented from becoming crimi- loin en affirmant qu'un excellent interprète ayant la nals. With these two objects in view the International pratique de la méthode dite simultanée peut être très Society of Social Defence tries, in collaboration with médiocre en interprétation consécutive. legal experts, psychologists and sociologists, to arrive at Mais la qualité de l'interprétation ne relève pas seule- a synthesis of the various means by which society can ment de la valeur de l'interprète. Il peut être excellent, combat crime in all its aspects. mais desservi par la mise au point défectueuse de cer- Founded in 1949 at a congress held in Liège, the tains détails techniques, le résultat risque d'être très Society owes its origin to Filippo Gramatica, Italian faible. Le rapport énumère plusieurs de ces facteurs que barrisier-at-law, who had established at Genoa in 1945 l'on considère à tort comme des détails : l'envoi préala- an "International Centre for Social Defense". Through ble des documents préparatoires de la conférence aux its publications and its congresses the Society is develop- interprètes qui devront y travailler, la mise au point de ing scientific solutions, based on humanist conceptions, l'acoustique de la salle, du volume d'amplification, des to the fundamental problems implicit in the fact of microphones, la place donnée à l'interprète, ce que doit crime. By studying the delinquent, both as an indi- être une cabine d'interprétation, le nombre d'interprètes vidual and in relation to the social groups into which nécessaires, la collaboration avec le secrétariat, les diffé- he fits, or misfits, the Society attempts to build up a rents appareils de traduction simultanée et leurs avan- system of active defence against anti-social conduct. tages respectifs, etc. The fullest statement of the Movement's position is Cité dans un journal londo- to he found in a book published in 1954 by M. Marc nien du 20 mars dernier : Ancel, judge at the Supreme Court of Appeal of France, entitled " La défense sociale nouvelle - Un mouvement « Les traductions sont comme de politique criminelle humaniste ". les femmes. Si elles sont belles, elles ne sont pas fidèles, et si (suite de la page 284) elles sont fidèles, elles ne sont pas belles. » qualités dont chacune n'est pas exceptionnelle, mais dont la combinaison est rare. Celle de traducteur demande des qualités très différentes et il est curieux de constater qu'il est difficile de réunir dans un même individu les aptitudes nécessaires aux deux professions. Dans la pra- tique cependant, pour diverses raisons, il est souvent fait appel a des traducteurs pour l'interprétation et à des interprètes pour la traduction. De l'avis de la majo-

A session of the Con- ference convened by the International Com- mission of Jurists in Vienna, 24 - 27 April 1957. (Photo Kobe)

La mention d'une organisation dans la présente rubri- Mention of an organization in these columns does not que n'implique en aucune façon une prise de position imply, in any way, a judgment of it by the U.I.A.; nor de l'U.A.I. à regard de celle-ci, pas plus quelle ne pré- does it necessarily mean that an entry on the organi- juge de l'insertion de cette organisation dans la prochaine zation will appear in the next edition of the Yearbook of édition de l'« Annuaire des Organisations Internationa- International Organizations. les ».

[] QUALITY CONTROL : With establish a World Esperantist Youth [] SPORTS : A Latin group for the object of encouraging the deve- Organization (Tutmonda Esperantista medicine applied to sports and phy- lopment of quality control through Junulara Organizo). Though clo- sical education has been founded in the exchange of information and ex- sely associated with the Universala Paris on October 4th of last year, perience between member organi- Esperanto Associo, it is to enjoy and will collaborate with the Inter- zations a new body was set up in general autonomy, and an indepen- national Federation of Sportive Me- Paris in January 1957. It is called dent executive committee has been dicine. The presidency of this new- the International Association for elected. The President is Günther ly formed group has been given to Quality Control, and in the initial Becker (Saarland) and the secretary- Dr. G. A. Richard while the duties stages it is being helped by the of Secretary have been entrusted to European Productivity Agency. general is Nicola Minnaja, Viale Giulio Cesare 223» Rome. Dr. Philipp Encausse, Chief Super- (Cartel, Jan. 1957). visor of the Medical service of the (Esperanto, Nov. 1956). General management of the Youth [] REGIONS SOUS-DEVELOP- and Sports Organization in Paris: PEES : Les premières activités de [] INFORMATION SCOLAIRE : the latter Movement was the origi- la Commission permanente de la La première conférence plénière de nator of this first meeting. jeunesse européenne en faveur des la Commission provisoire de coopé- The first session of this organization régions sous-développées remontent ration internationale pour l'étude will take place at Naples at the end déjà à l'été 1955, main la constitu- des problèmes d'information scolai- of May 1957, when various topics tion officielle a été scellée en no- re, universitaire et professionnelle will be brought up for discussion. vembre dernier au cours d'une ses- s'est tenue à Paris les 25 et 26 octo- Let us add that the Vice-Présidents sion spéciale tenue à Rome par la bre 1956 sous le patronage de la Con- of this organization are : Dr. Brandt Campagne européenne de la Jeu- fédération internationale des travail- (Switzerland), Dr. Fornoza (Spain), nesse. Au cours des discussions, il leurs intellectuels. La conférence a Dr. Placella (Italy) and Dr. Vassi- est apparu que, malgré l'existence adopté le titre de la nouvelle orga- las (Greece). en Europe de plusieurs régions dites nisation gui sera : Association in- (Bulletin of the IOC, February « sous-développées », notamment en ternationale d'information scolaire . 1957). Espagne, en Grèce, en Turquie, en universitaire et professionnelle. Pa- Yougoslavie et en Italie, mais à ris a été désigné pour siège de l'orga- [] CONGRES DE NAVIGA- cause de diverses raisons, surtout nisation et la mise en place de qua- TION : La Commission internatio- d'ordre politique. seule l'Italie pou- tre organes directeurs a été décidée : nale permanente des Congrès de Na- vait être le terrain d'une action con- Bureau, Comité exécutif, Assemblée, vigation, réunie en séance plénière crète. Toutefois des représentants Secrétariat. le 5 juin 1956, à Bruxelles, a mis des pays mentionnés ci-dessus seront Dix-neuf pays avaient pris part à invités à toutes les réunions et con- au point un projet de règlement d'u- la conférence. D'autre part, l'Associa- ne « section régionale pour les nays férences et l'on s'efforcera de voir tion internationale des universités, comment les représentants de ces bordant l'Océan Pacifique et l'Océan l'Association internationale d'orien- Indien ». La création de cette sec- pays pourront collaborer à cette tation professionnelle, le Comité œuvre. tion est motivée par les difficultés d'entente des fédérations interna- pour ces régions d'envoyer leurs dé- (Nouvelles CEJ, 30 janvier 1957). tionales du personnel enseignant, la légués à la réunion de la Commis- Confédération internationale des sion internationale permanente qui [] YOUNG ESPERANTISTS : travailleurs intellectuels y avaient se tient généralement à Bruxelles et Arising out of decisions taken at the délégué des représentants. 41st Universal Esperanto Congress aux congrès de navigation qui se last year, steps have been taken to (Cahiers du Travailleur intellec- tiennent généralement en Europe. tuel, n° 37). Par l'intermédiaire de son Bureau

288 INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATIONS, 1957, No. 5 exécutif, elle présentera des voeux en décembre 1955, ont senti la né- loi française de. 1901, qui a pour but et recommandations à r intention de cessité d'établir un comité de coor- l'élude de toutes les questions inté- la Commission internationale per- dination et d'aide mutuelle entre les ressaut l'air, l'atmosphère en géné- manente: elle organisera des con- différentes JOC de cette vaste ré- ral et tout ce qui peut en découler. tres régionaux qui traiteront des gion géographique. Ce comité fut Les moyens d'action de l'association questions intéressant les pays com- constitué quelques mois plus tard sont ; ses réunions, ses publications, pris dann la circonscription. Ce pro- avec l'approbation du bureau inter- ses conférences, ses prix et récom- jet est actuellement soum is à tous national de la JOC. Les pays qui le penses, l'organisation de comités les gouvernements membres de l'As- composent sont : Ceylon, Singapour, locaux (pour favoriser l'initiative lo- sociation internationale permanente la Malaisie, le Viet-Nam, l'Austra- cale), ses congrès nationaux et inter- ainsi qu'à ceux qui sont intéressés à lie, le Japon, Finde (Calcutta. Ma- nationaux, des « journées annuel- la question. dras et Bombay) et les Philippines. les », et tous ceux qui permettent (Bull, de l'Association Int. Perma- Le secrétaire de ce Comité est Ro- l'union et la coordination des efforts nente des Congrès de Navigation, berto Hernandez, président de la faits dans ce but sous toutes ses for- nOS 43-44). JOC philippine, et c'est à Manille mes : tracts, affiches, bulletins, films, [] RENT-PAYERS : A contact or- que le siège du Comité a été fixé. conférences, cours, expositions, con- ganization has been established by (Bull, d'inf. JOC, janv.-févr. 1957). cours , etc. the various tenants' associations in La réalisation des congrès interna- Austria Denmark, Finland, German [] JEWS, CHRISTIANS, MUS- tionaux est confiée à un Comité in- Federal Republic, Norway, Sweden LIMS : With the object of promot- ternational permanent, constitué au and Switzerland, Its major purpose ing understanding, co-operation and sein de l'Association Ce Comité est is to exchange information on ques- friendship by all possible means composé de l'ensemble des comités tions concerning dwellings for rent, between Jews, Christians and Mus- nationaux. and to promote co-operative building lims throughout the world, '' The L'association a son siège social 7, schemes and schemes to help private Jewish-Christian-Muslim Friendship rue Gustave Nadaud, Paris 16e. individuals to build their own ho- Society " was set up in England last mes. Municipal building schemes (Revue de Pathologie Générale et year. Any person who expresses de Physiologie Clinique, nov. 1956). are also supported. The secretariat agreement with the object of the has been established in Stockholm, Society, irrespective of religion, is and Mr. Leonard Fredricsson is eligible for membership. The Joint [] LAW AND POLICE : The Chairman of the Association. Secretaries-General are Mohamed foundation has been announced of (Int. Housing Bull., Sept. 1956). M. Ishaq and G. Schindler-Shepherd, two new esperantist organizations : of 6 Queen's Ferry Close, Rugby, Asocio de Juristoj Esperantistaj [] COMITE PACIFICO-ASIA- UK. (Correspondence) (Professor I. Lapenna, 77, Grasmere TIQUE : Les dirigeants jocistes qui Avenue, Wembley, Middlesex, UK) participèrent au congrès asiatique de [] POUR L'AIR PUR : Tel est and the Internacia Polica Ligo (Mr. l'apostolat des laïcs, tenu à Manille l'intitulé d'une nouvelle organisation A. Weide, Eggerstedtstrasse, 41, para-médicale, déclarée suivant la Hamburg-Altona, Germany).

ASSOCIATIONS INTERNATIONALES, 1957, N° 5 289 Premier Supplément à l ' First Supplément to the

Annuaire des Organisations internationales édition 1956-1957

changements d'adresses et de titres Afin de faciliter la mise à jour de notre To enable users of our « Yearbook of Inter- « Annuaire des organisations internationales » national Organizations » to keep it up to date aux usagers de celui-ci, nous donnons ici sous we ware tabulating notifications of changes in forme de fiches qui pourront être découpées et such a way that they can easily be cut out and insérées dans le volume ou classées, les nouvelles inserted in the book itself, or filed in appro- adresses qui remplacent celles indiquées dans la priate order. présente édition de l'Annuaire.

ORGANISATION INTERNATIONALE 115 ASSOCIATION UNIVERSELLE 677 DE METROLOGIE LEGALE D'AVICULTURE SCIENTIFIQUE Nouvelle adresse : Nouvelle adresse : Ministère des Affaires Economiques, Service de la Métrologie, 63. rue Montoyer, Bruxel- Agriculture House, Knightsbridge, Londres les 4. W.C. 1. Tel. BELgravia 5077. (Associations Internationales, mai 1957.) (Associations Internationales, mai 1957.)

Nouveau titre français : FEDERATION INTERNATIONALE 694 MOUVEMENT UNIVERSEL POUR 327 DES PRODUCTEURS AGRICOLES UNE FEDERATION MONDIALE Nouvelle adresse : (Associations Internationales, mai 1957.) 1624 Eye Street, N.W., Washington 6, D.C. (Associations Internationales, mai 1957.) Nouveau titre français : AIR RESEARCH BUREAU 700 ASSOCIATION INTERNATIONALE 384 Nouvelle adresse .' DES ECOLES DE SERVICE SOCIAL 67, rue de la Loi (6e étage), Bruxelles. Tél. (Associations Internationales, mai 1957.) 12.82.79, 12.82.83. (Associations Internationales, mai 1957.) CONFEDERATION INTERNATIONALE 493 FEDERATION ROUTIERE 724 DES FEDERATIONS DE FONCTIONNAIRES INTERNATIONALE ET DU PERSONNEL DES SERVICES PUBLICS Nouvelle adresse : Nouvelle adresse : Abbey House, Victoria Street, London S.W. 1. Transport House, 4th Floor, Smith Square, Tel. ABBey 6177. Londres S.W. 1. (Associations Internationales, mai 1957.) (Associations Internationales, mai 1957.) COMITE INTERNATIONAL 588 DE LA RAYONNE UNION GEOGRAPHIQUE 830 ET DES FIBRES SYNTHETIQUES INTERNATIONALE Nouvelle adresse : Nouvelle adresse .' 29-31, rue de Courcelles, Paris 8e. Tel. BALzac Freiestrasse, 30, Zurich. 87.10. (Associations Internationales, mai 1957.) (Associations Internationales, mai 1957.)

ASSOCIATIONS INTERNATIONALES, 1957, N° 5 291 292 INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATIONS, 1957, No. 5 1. L'Organisation internationale - International Organization

016 : 342.24 178.656.2 PADELFORD, Norman J. A Selected Bibliography INTERNATIONALER EISENBAHN - ALKOHOLGEGNER on Regionalism and Regional Arrangements. VERBAND. 50 Jahre im Dienste der Nüchternheit. « International Organization », (Boston, Mass), 50 ar i Nykterhetsrorelsens Tjänst. 50 Years in World Peace Foundation, November 1956, the Service of Sobriety. 50 ans au service de la vol. x. Number 4, pp. 575-603. sobriété. 1907-1957. Berne, la Fédération, 28 061.3 Friedeckweg, 1957, 21 X 15 cm, 24 p, photos. SCHWEIG. Karl-Franz. Wie organisiere ich einen 271.63 : 341.1 Kongress ? Handbuch über die Organisation internationaler Kongresse und Tagungen. Kon- L'Apostolat missionnaire et l'activité des gran- gress- und tagungstechnische Studien. Düssel- des organisations internationales. « L'Osserva- e dorf, Droste-Verlag, 1957, 25,5 X 20,5 cm, 274 p, tore Romano », (Cité du Vatican), 7 année, photos. 16 novembre 1956. n° 46 (361), p. 3. The former director of the German Congress 330.191.4 (4) Centre in Berlin has compiled a practical and comprehensive handbook for the use of congress KAY. Alexander. European Economic Integra- organizers. If a thousand pitfalls await the un- tion : a Survey. «Cartel», (London), Interna- wary official who has been entrusted with arrang- tional Co-operative Alliance, October 1956, ing an international gathering of any kind, Direc- tor Schweig has listed at least 999 of them, pro- vol. 6, n° 4, pp. 122-126, 144. viding in each case explicit instructions as to how they are to be circumvented. 331-88 In 50 chapters a systematic description is given SPIEKMAN, W.G. The International Federation of all the points that are involved in a successful of Clerical and other Employees. « Free Labour congress, from the initial conception to the final evaluation; and the narrative is liberally supple- World. The Official Journal of the International mented by illustrative material, ranging from Confederation of Free Trade Unions », (Brus- photographs, plans, and sketches to specimens of sels) , ICFTU. November 1956, 7th Year, n° 77, the various documents, forms, questionnaires, let- pp. 16-21. ters, cards, etc., that must be prepared. The sub- ject index ensures ready reference to the different Outlines the growth of the International Federa- items dealt with. tion of Commercial, Clerical and Technical For the sake of potential organizers who are Employees through five decades from the first unable to read German it is earnestly to be hoped international move in Amsterdam on 17 August that an English or French translation of this vade- 1904. mecum will be forthcoming. 338 (4) : 061.2 172.4 (058) LIGUE EUROPÉENNE DE COOPÉRATION- ECONOMI- Peace Year Book. 1957. London WC1, Natio- QUE. La L. E. C. E. Dix années d'activités 1947- nal Peace Council, 29 Great James Street, 1957, 1957. Bruxelles, la Ligue, 11. rue de Namur, 18,5 X 13 cm, 51 p. 1957, 21 X 13,5 cm, 31 p.

ASSOCIATIONS INTERNATIONALES, 1957, N° 5 298 341.18 (4) faim. Dix ans de coopération internationale CONSEIL DE L'EUROPE. Direction de l'Informa- pour libérer le monde du besoin. Par P.V. Car- tion. Le Conseil de l'Europe. Strasbourg, don. Rome, l'Organisation, 1955, 21 X 15 cm, France, le Conseil, Place Lenôtre, 1957, 17,5 X 199 p. (Publié également en anglais et en espa- 12 cm, 86 p, photos. gnol : So Bold an Aim. Ten Years of Interna- Cet ouvrage constitue une nouvelle édition com- tional Co-operation Toward Freedom from plètement remaniée du « Petit Manuel du Con- Want. — Un proposito ambicioso. Diez anos de seil de l'Europe ». coopération internacional en la lucha contra la 302.71 miseria). UNION INTERNATIONALE DE PROTECTION DE L'EN- Le but de l'auteur est d'exposer les idées et les événements qui ont abouti à la création de l'Or- FANCE. Les besoins de l'enfance dans le monde ganisation des Nations Unies pour l'Alimentation et le rôle futur de l'Union internationale de et l'Agriculture. 11 a tenté et réussi à retracer les Protection de l'Enfance. « Revue Internationale larges perspectives historiques dans lesquelles s'in- de l'Enfant », (Genève), l'Union, 1956, vol. XX, sèrent les préoccupations humaines et les néces- n° 3, pp. 173-190. sités scientifiques qui sont à l'origine d'une insti- tution telle que la F.A.O. Le chapitre consacré On consultera avec grand intérêt ce solide rap- à « l'effort d'organisation » rappelle les éléments port d'activité publié tous les deux ans à l'occa- humains et techniques qui ont amené la commu- sion du Conseil général de l'Union. Mentionnons nauté internationale à s'organiser par secteurs. tout spécialement cette fois, l'enquête rigoureuse, Cependant « il ne faut pas en déduire que la menée avec l'aide d'experts, par l'organisation, sur coopération internationale tend inévitablement à ses propres activités et objectifs. Nous aurons se renforcer et à s'étendre à de nouveaux domai- l'occasion de revenir dans une autre chronique nes... Avec le renforcement des unités nationales sur certaines des conclusions adoptées dont la et l'effort d'organisation qui en est résulté, on a portée intéresse toutes les organisations interna- vu se créer des intérêts et des nécessités tels que, tionales. Trop peu d'O.N.G. apportent à évaluer dans bien des cas, il est devenu plus difficile pour leur action le souci dont l'U.I.P.E. donne l'exem- les pays de participer à l'œuvre d'organisation ple. internationale et d'en accepter les obligations ». Car le travail international, bien davantage Nous signalerons encore l'excellent chapitre con- que celui dont les activités se limitent aux fron- sacré à l'historique des activités internationales tières nationales, est fonction d'éléments nombreux entreprises dans le domaine de l'alimentation et et qui évoluent rapidement. Une action dont la l'agriculture avant la création de la F.A.O. L'au- pensée initiale rencontre adéquatement les néces- teur ne se contente pas de citer les principaux sités qu'elle veut satisfaire peut, à un moment faits, mais il recrée le climat intellectuel et éco- donné, s'en trouver gravement séparée par suite nomique dont ceux-ci sont l'origine ou le fruit. de facteurs dont elle n'a pas prévu l'incidence Bien plus qu'un simple historique ou une étroite directe. Aussi ne pourra-t-on assez insister sur la apologie des réalisations acquises, cet ouvrage nécessité pour les organisations internationales s'inscrit dans la très bonne littérature sur l'orga- non gouvernementales de repenser leur action de nisation internationale. On ne peut que lui sou- manière fondamentale et le plus souvent possible. haiter une très large diffusion dans le grand 572 : 061.3 (091.01) public mis trop rarement en contact avec la philo- 22 : 081 sophie profonde d'une œuvre magnifique. UNITED BIBLE SOCIETIES. The first ten years of 662.764 (091) the UBS, by Olivier Béguin. « Bulletin of the UNION INTERNATIONALE DE L'INDUSTRIE DU GAZ. United Bible Societies » (London), UBS, 4th INTERNATIONAL GAS UNION. 25° anniversaire. quarter 1956, n° 28, pp. 138-142. ~ Silver Jubilee. 1931-1956. L'Union, son histoire. 63 : 061.1 (100) The History of the Union. Bruxelles, l'Union. ORGANISATION DES NATIONS UNIES POUR L'ALI- 4, avenue Palmerston, 1956. 29,5 X 21 cm, 25 p, MENTATION ET L'AGRICULTURE. Unis contre la photos.

2. Études et Travaux des ONG Internationales Research and Work by International NGOs

172.4 173 : 061.2 (100) DAY, Hem. Bible de l'objecteur de conscience. MOUVEMENT MONDIAL DES MÈRES. Mère qui es- Enfield (Middlesex, RU), L'Internationale des tu ? Journée d'étude, Paris, mai 1956, Paris 1er, Résistants à la Guerre, Lanshury House, 88, le Mouvement, 37, rue de Valois, 1956. 24 X Park Avenue, 1957, 22 X 14 cm, 108 p. 15,5 cm, 48 p.

ASSOCIATIONS INTERNATIONALES, 1957, N° 5 295 256

COMITÉ PERMANENT DES CONGRÈS INTERNATIO- NAUX POUR L'APOSTOLAT DES LAIQUES. L'apos- tolat des laïques dans l'enseignement de S.S. Pie XII. Rome, le Comité, Palazzo délie Con- gregazioni, Piazza San Callisto, 1956, 16,5 X 12 cm, 63 p,

301.172.3 : 061.2 (100)

ASSEMBLÉE DES NATIONS CAPTIVES D'EUROPE. Deuxième session. Septembre 1955 - mars 1956. New York 19, l'Assemblée, 29 West 57th Street, 1956, 22,5 X 15 cm, 82 p.

330.191.4 (4)

CAMPAGNE EUROPÉENNE DE LA JEUNESSE. Les ré- gions « problèmes » de l'Europe. Wageningen, Pays-Bas, du 19 au 23 mars 1956. Paris 8e, Cam- pagne Européenne de la Jeunesse, 82, avenue Marceau, 1956, 27 X 22 cm, 72 p, duplic.

331.823 (4)

LIGUE EUROPÉENNE DE COOPÉRATION ECONOMI- QUE. L'intégration européenne et la sécurité so- ciale. Bruxelles, la Ligue, 11, rue de Namur, février 1957, 21 X 13,5 cm, 55 p. (Publication n° 23). (Also published in English : European Integration and Social Security). 338 (4) LIGUE EUROPÉENNE DE COOPÉRATION ECONOMI- QUE. Le marché commun facteur de prospérité sociale. Rapport introductif de la IIIe Confé- rence internationale de la L.E.C.E. Bruxelles, les 20, 21, 22 juin 1956. Bruxelles, la Ligue, 11, rue de Namur, 1956, 21 X 13,5 cm, 93 p. (Publication n° 20). (Also published in English under the title : The Common Market to Pro- mote Social Prosperity. Introductory Report for the IIlrd International Conference of E.L.E.C.). Prévoyant la rédaction prochaine d'un traité économique entre les six pays de la C-E.C.A., la Ligue Européenne de Coopération Economique a voulu axer sa troisième conférence sur les avan- tages qu'un marché commun peut, s'il est bien conçu, apporter aux travailleurs et aux consom- mateurs.

341.12 : 061.2 (100)

FÉDÉRATION MONDIALE DES ASSOCIATIONS POUR LES NATIONS UNIES. Onzième assemblée plé- nière. Genève, 2-8 septembre 1956. Genève, la

296 INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATIONS, 1957, No. 5 Federation, 1, avenue de la Paix, 1956, 30 X duplic. (Also published in English under the 21 cm. 13 p, duplic. (Also published in English : title The Adjustment of Handicapped Children Eleventh Plenary- Assembly, Geneva, 2-8 Sep- to Normal Life). tember 1956). 362.865 (058) 341.217 : 061.3 INTERNATIONAL YOUTH HOSTEL FEDERATION. In- Le premier congrès parlementaire de la Com- ternational Youth Hostel Handbook. Guide munauté Atlantique. « Revue des Travaux de international des auberges de la jeunesse. Inter- l'Académie des Sciences morales et politiques et nationales Jugendherbergs - Verzeichnis. 1957. Comptes rendus de ses Séances », (Paris), Sirey, Copenhagen V, the Federation, Vesterbrogade 109e année, 4e série, 1956, 1er semestre, pp. 164- 35, 1957, 19 X 12,5 cm. 128 p, maps. 171. 378 : 061.3 (100) 342-7 INTERNATIONAL UNION OF STUDENTS. Decisions CONSULTATIVE COUNCIL OF JEWISH ORGANIZA- of Fourth World Student Congress. Prague, TIONS. Report on Twelfth Session of Commis- 26th August-2nd September, 1956. Prague 12, sion on Human Rights, New York, 5-29 March the Union, Vocelovà 3, 1956, 21 X 15 cm, 32 p. 1956. New York 6, the Council, 61 Broadway, (New Service, Special Edition n° 17-19). 1956, 28 X 21,5 cm, 32 p, duplic.

378 : 061.3 (100) 342.7 : 341.123

THE INTERNATIONAL LEAGUE FOR THE RIGHTS INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF UNIVERSITIES. OF MAN. Human Rights and The United Na- Second General Conference of the International tions. New York 21, the League, 25 East 64th Association of Universities. Istanbul 19-24 Sep- Street, June 1956, 21,5 X 24 cm, 12 p. tember 1955. Report of Proceedings. Paris 16% International Universities Bureau, Maison de 348.328 : 231 l'Unesco, 19, avenue Kleber, 1956, 24 X 16 cm, 230 p. COLE, Marley. Jehovah's Witnesses : The New World Society. London, Alien & Unwin, 1956, 378 : 282 : 061.2 (100) 232 pp., 32 pp plates. Price : 16/-. MOUVEMENT INTERNATIONAL DES ETUDIANTS CA- 351.72 : 061.3 (100) THOLIQUES. Assemblée interfédérale. Juillet IF congrès international des institutions supé- 1956, Vienne. « Pax Romana », (Fribourg, rieures de contrôle des finances publiques. Suisse) ; le Mouvement, septembre 1956, n° 4, Bruxelles, 24-29 septembre 1956. « Revue Inter- pp. 2-3. nationale des Sciences Administratives », (Bru- xelles) , Institut International des Sciences Ad- 385 : 061.2 (100) ministratives, 22e année, 1956, vol. xxii, n° 3, pp. -273-277. The International Railway Congress Associa- tion. « Bulletin of the International Union of Railways », (Paris), the Union, 27th year, Sep- 351-74 tember-October 1956, n" 9-10. pp. 276-282. VILLETORTE, P. L'action préventive de la police. Préface de M.A. Besson. Paris, Editions Cujas, 396 (569.1 + 62 + 567) 6, rue Victor Cousin, février 1956, 22 X 14 cm. 110 p. THE INTERNATIONAL FEDERATION OF BUSINESS AND PROFESSIONAL WOMEN. Study of the Role 362.35 : 061.3 (100) of Women. Their Activities and Organizations in Lebanon, Egypt, Iraq, Jordan and Syria. FÉDÉRATION INTERNATIONALE DES ASSOCIATIONS October 1954-August 1955. Directed by Ruth F. D'INSTITUTEURS. La réadaptation de l'enfant dé- Woodsmall. With the Assistance of Charlotte ficient à la vie normale. Lausanne, la Fédéra- Johnson. New York 17, the Federation. Hotel tion, 22, avenue Vinet, 1955, 30 X 21 cm, 54 p. Biltmore, Suite 236, 1956, 23.5 X 15,5 cm, 95 p.

ASSOCIATIONS INTERNATIONALES. 1957. N° 5 297 78.067.2 : 061.2 (100) 791.45 : 061.3 (100) INTERNATIONAL FOLK Music COUNCIL. Repart of UNION INTERNATIONALE DU CINÉMA D'AMATEUR«. the Eighth Meeting of the General Assembly XV congrès de. l'UNICA et XVIIIe concours in- held in conjunction with the Ninth Annual ternational du meilleur film d'amateur. 16-22 Conference fit Trossingen and Stuttgart, Ger- septembre 1956. Zurich, Suisse. Rapport du many, July 25th to 31st, 1956. « Bulletin », Secrétaire général 1956. Liège, Belgique, (London), the Council, 12, Clorane Gardens, l'Union, 50, boulevard Frère-Orban, 1956. London NW3, October 1956. n° 10, pp. 2-18. 27,5 X 21,5 cm, 16 p, duplic.

3. Divers - Miscellaneous

0 : (47) 329. 15 Report on the Soviet Union in 1954. A Sympo- sium of the Institute for the Study of the USSR. Communiqué sur la cessation de l'activité du Based on the Proceedings of the Seventh Insti- Bureau d'Information des Partis Communistes tute Conference. Conference at the Carnegie et Ouvriers. Bucarest, le 17 avril 1956. « Zbiór International Center, New York. April, 28-29, Dokumentów », (Warszawa), Polski Instytut r 1956. Munich 37, Institute for the Study of the spraw Miedzynarodowych, 1956. xii, N 4, 128, USSR. Augustenstr. 46. 1956, 24 X 17 cm. v- pp. 482-485. '

218 p. 33 : 061.1 001 : 061.2 (100) INTERNATIONAL BANK FOR RECONSTRUCTION AND CARNEGIE ENDOWMENT FOR INTERNATIONAL PEA- DEVELOPMENT. The Economie Development Ins- CE, Annual Report 1955-1956. New York 17, titute. Washington 25. DC, the Bank, 1818 Carnegie Endowment for International Peace. H Street, April 1956. 22.5 X 15,5 cm, 16 p, United Nations Plaza at 46th Street, 1956, photographs. 23 X 15,5 cm. 92 p, photos. 330.114.2 (8) 008 UNITED NATIONS. DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC INFOR- LAWSON, John. Man and his Needs. A study in MATION. The Economic Growth of Twenty Re- the Hope for Civilization. London, Edinburgh publics. The Work of the Economic Com- House Press, 2, Eaton Gate, S W 1, 1955, mission for Latin America. Third Revised Edi- 19 X 13 cm, 136 p, clothbound. Price : 5/-. tion. New York, United Nations, 1956, 19.5 X In surveying the near-starvation level of existence 13.5 cm. 34 p. Price : 15 Cents. in underdeveloped countries the author shows that every Christian citizen is called upon to 332 become a world citizen. The universal Gospel, the world Church, and the missionary motive provide MATECKI, B. E. Establishment of the Interna- the only full satisfaction for the deepest needs tional Finance Corporation : a Case Study. of the human race. «International Organization», (Boston), World 09 Peace Foundation, Volume X. n° 2, May 1956. ACADEMIEI REPUBLICII POPULARE ROMINE. Studii pp. 261-275. si cercetari de bibliologie. Vol. I. Bucarest, Bi- 332.061.1 (100) blioteca Academiei Republicii Populäre Ro- mîne, 1955, 26 X 20 cm. 419 p. ill. INTERNATIONAL BANK FOR RECONSTRUCTION AND DEVELOPMENT. Eleventh Annual Report 1955- 325.33 (728.6) 1956. Washington 25 DC, the Bank. 1818 UNION PANAMERICANA. Sección de Trabajo, Mi- H Street NW, 1956, 28 X 21.5 cm. 75 p, photo- gracion y Seguridad Social. Division de Trabajo graphs. y Asuntos Sociales. Departamento de Asuntos Económicos y Sociales. Migraciones internas en 338 (8) Costa Rica. Washington DC, Unión Panameri- VAUTHERIN, Robert. Vers le marché commun de cana, 1956, 27,5 X 21 cm, xiv-163 p, duplic. l'Amérique Latine. «Labor». (Bruxelles), Con- (Consejo Interamericano Ecónomico y Social). fédération Internationale des Syndicats Chré- tiens, 30" année, janvier 1957, n° 1. pp. 13-15.

298 INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATIONS, 1957, No. 5 341.14 and lexicography and to the activities, in this field, of Unesco in collaboration with the Inter- HEYWOOD. Michael. Der Colombo-Plan. « Eu- national Organization for Standardization and ropa-Archiv », (Frankfurt a.M.), Institut für with international organizations which are compil- Europäische Politik und Wirtschaft, elftes ing multilingual vocabularies for their special Jahr, 5 Juli 1956, 13, Folge, pp. 8989-9002. subjects.

341.67 : 341.123 91.3/91.9 : 37 (058) CLARK, Grenville & SOHN, Louis B. Peace Internationales Jahrbuch für Geschichtsunter- through Disarmament and Charter Revision. richt. Band HL Braunschweig, Albert Limbach Detailed Proposals for Revision of the United Verlag, Hutfiltern 8, 1954, 24 X 16,5 cm, 348 p. Nations Charter. Supplement, containing Pro- posed Annexes I-II and Outlines of Annexes III- L'« Arbeitgemeinschaft Deutsche Lehrenver- VI. Dublin, New Hampshire, USA, Grenville bände » poursuit par divers ouvrages un remarqua- ble effort pour que renseignement de l'histoire se Clark, February 1956, 25,5 X 17 cm, xviii-121 p. libère du « particularisme national ». Ses tra- In 1953 a " Preliminary Print " under the same vaux se sont d'abord portés sur le traitement de title was distributed to a selected list of public l'histoire franco-allemande dans les manuels sco- and private persons throughout the world. Based laires. Ils se sont ensuite étendus à tout le pro- on the comments received, the present supplement blème de l'enseignement de l'histoire. Cet annuaire embodies texts or extended outlines of proposals s'adresse avant tout aux enseignants. Il réunit un under the headings of disarmament, United Na- ensemble de contributions sur le traitement ac- tions peace force, the courts of the United Nations, cordé à l'histoire d'un pays par un autre et réci- United Nations revenue, privileges and immunities, proquement (notamment Allemagne-Japon). On and bill of rights. trouvera également des études sur l'enseignement de l'histoire dans différents pays. 4 UNITED NATIONS EDUCATIONAL, SCIENTIFIC AN» CULTURAL ORGANIZATION. Scientific and Tech- La peinture hollandaise. Texte de Jean Leyma- nical Translating and other Aspects of the Lan- guage Problem. Paris, Unesco, April 1957. 280 p. rie. Genève-Paris-New York, Skira, 35 X 25 cm, 216 p, 114 pl couleur, relié toile. Price : $ 4 20/-, 1,000 FF. Jusqu'au début du XVIIe siècle les territoires This report, compiled with the help of some qui deviendront la Hollande se rattachent à l'en- hundreds of experts in all parts of the world, semble politique et culturel des « pays-bas » com- deals with the general problem of enabling scien- prenant les Flandres. Dans celte peinture néerlan- tists and technologists to exploit knowledge pu- daise à dominance flamande, il semble néanmoins blished in languages which they cannot read légitime de distinguer dès l'origine un courant plus themselves. An attempt is made to estimate sta- spécifiquement hollandais. tistically how much of the total literature is in- accessible, for this reason, to those who might Ce livre débute sur cette période initiale, moins otherwise be able to benefit from it, and the familière au grand public, et rétablit ainsi la con- proportion so lost is shown to be at least one-half tinuité, que rend sensible, pour la première fois, of the whole. In successive chapters the various l'enchaînement des planches en couleur, de Gérard possible remedies for this situation are discussed. de Saint Jean, encore méconnu, jusqu'à Vermeer, Two of them deal with the technique and economics si longtemps oublié. of translating and with the possibilities for spread- A travers les chapitres intitulés : Les Primitifs, ing the cost and avoiding duplication by setting Le XVIe Siècle, Du maniérisme au réalisme, Frans up pools and indexes of unpublished translations, Hals et le Portrait, Développement du Paysage, like those already existing in certain countries Rembrandt et l'Univers Intérieur, La vie familiè- which are described. In another chapter the pos- re et son cadre, Vermeer et l'Ecole de Delft, sui- sibilities for improving the ability of scientists vis de Bibliographie, d'Index et de Tables, la and technologists to read about their special sub- peinture Hollandaise nous est montrée dans son jects in foreign languages so as to reduce the need ensemble. Un tel ouvrage comble une lacune, car for translations are discussed; a bibliography of si la peinture hollandaise est connue internatio- books suitable for this purpose is appended. At- nalement par ses grands noms, dans son ensem- tention is then given to proposals for encouraging ble, elle est surtout le domaine des érudits et des the practice of publishing, or at least summarizing, connaisseurs. Négligée par les histoires d'art «hu- scientific literature in widely known languages manistes » auxquels elle offre peu de prise théori- rather than in local ones, or for doing so in que et formelle, elle ne cesse par contre d'enchan- some easily learned international auxiliary lan- ter silencieusement les amateurs, sensibles au char- guage. A final chapter is devoted to terminology me discret des petits maîtres, aux nuances les plus fines de la lumière et des états d'âme.

ASSOCIATIONS INTERNATIONALES. 1957, N° 5 299

Réunion du Comité nisations internationales puisse être tenu par l'UAI, dans ou à proximité du Palais de l'ONU, Le Comité de direction de l'UAI s'est réuni afin d'affirmer la présence des ONG et de pou- à Paris le 16 mars 1957, dans les locaux de la voir donner des renseignements sur celles-ci. Chambre de Commerce Internationale. Ont pris En vue d'accroître le nombre des organisa- part à cete réunion : le Sénateur Et. de la Vallée tions correspondantes de l'UAI, le Secrétariat Poussin (Belgique), Président, M. Pierre Vas- a été invité à lancer une campagne d'affiliation seur (France), Vice-Président, MM. Max Habicht et dans ce but, comme dans celui de mieux faire (Suisse), Louis Verniers (Belgique), Vittorino connaître d'une façon générale le travail de Veronese (Italie), Etzel Pearcy (Etats-Unis), l'Union des Associations Internationales, il sera remplaçant M. W.W. Atwood, et G.P. Speec- publié une brochure illustrée de 16 pages, qui kaert, secrétaire général. insistera sur la philosophie du travail de l'UAI. Après avoir entendu le rapport d'activité de Le Comité a pris note avec satisfaction du l'exercice écoulé et le rapport sur la situation résultat des réunions d'experts organisées par financière de l'UAI, le Comité examina succes- l'UAI, avec l'aide de l'Unesco, pour l'établisse- sivement le programme des publications pour ment d'un plan d'évaluation du rôle des orga- 1957-58, les activités d'études, de service ou de nisations internationales non gouvernementales promotion des ONG à poursuivre ou à entre- ainsi que de la publication du rapport du Pro- prendre, l'organisation du jury pour l'attribu- fesseur Jean Meynaud. Des démarches seront tion du Prix La Fontaine, la question des rela- faites pour réunir les fonds nécessaires à la tions consultatives de l'UAI, l'élection de nou- réalisation de l'enquête elle-même. veaux membres, la collaboration des secrétariats régionaux de l'UAI, l'organisation de la pro- chaine Assemblée Générale. Nouvelles publications Parmi les décisions prises, nous citerons les Inaugurée en janvier 1956, la collection « Do- suivantes : cuments pour servir à l'étude des relations inter- nationales non gouvernementales » s'est enrichie Le Secrétariat a été invité à poursuivre l'étude de la publication d'un manuel « La Coopération de deux nouveaux numéros au cours des quatre internationale et nous » qui expliquerait pour premiers mois de 1957. un public d'un âge mental d'une quinzaine « Un plan d'évaluation des organisations in- d'années, moitié par des textes, moitié par des ternationales non gouvernementales », qui porte illustrations, les origines, les buts, l'ampleur et le numéro 3. apporte, de la main du Professeur le mécanisme de la coopération, les types d'or- Jean Meynaud, un remarquable condensé des ganisations internationales, la possibilité de col- travaux des experts réunis par l'UAI à Paris et laborer à leurs activités. à Bruxelles en 1956. Il pose les jalons précis d'une enquête entièrement nouvelle et dont la Devant l'impossibilité d'édifier un pavillon portée peut être immense. Etant donné l'impor- de la Coopération Internationale, dans le cadre tance de ce document, une traduction anglaise de l'Exposition Universelle et Internationale de est en préparation et portera le numéro 4. Bruxelles en 1958, il a été décidé de tenter un nouvel effort pour obtenir qu'une mention soit Le numéro 6 est une thèse établie par Peter faite, dans le Palais de l'ONU et des Institutions H. Rohn, pour l'obtention du diplôme de l'Insti- spécialisées, de l'article 71 de la Charte et pour tut d'Etudes Européennes de l'Université de la qu'un bureau de renseignements sur les orga- Sarre et consacrée aux « Relations between the Council of Europe and International Non-Go-

300 INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATIONS, 1957, No. 5 vernmental Organizations ». Si la question des constitue la première édition en langue fran- relations consultatives en général est encore très çaise depuis 1938. De son succès dépendra la peu étudiée, celle des relations du Conseil de réalisation d'une alternance régulière des édi- l'Europe avec les ONG ne l'avait pratiquement tions anglaise et française. La possibilité d'édi- pas encore été. C'est donc un sujet neuf dont tions espagnole et allemande est à l'étude. l'UAI se félicite de pouvoir présenter une étude * solidement documentée. * * Comme il a été annoncé dans notre numéro Trois numéros spéciaux de la Revue sont en d'avril, une autre publication (n° 5) dans la cours de préparation pour les prochains mois. série des « Documents » est en préparation et La découverte de l'énergie nucléaire a eu la sortie de presse de l'édition française en est rapidement des incidences directes sur la vie annoncée pour ces tout prochains jours. institutionnelle internationale. C'est une revue « Les 1.978 organisations internationales fon- des principales d'entre elles dans les différents dées depuis le Congrès de Vienne » est le fruit secteurs de l'activité humaine que « Associa- d'un travail de recherche et de vérification tions Internationales » présentera à ses lecteurs entrepris par l'UAI il y a plus de deux ans. dans son numéro d'août. Pour près de deux mille organisations, un maxi- Le numéro d'octobre sera consacré au rôle mum de précisions a été réuni sur les dates et des femmes dans la coopération internationale. lieux de fondation, les fusions d'organisations, Il a paru intéressant de tenter une large syn- leurs changements de dénomination, leur carac- thèse de ce que les organisations féminines en tère gouvernemental ou non, leur existence ac- tant que telles et de ce que la présence des tuelle ou leur inscription au registre du passé. femmes dans les organisations internationales Une introduction de 28 pages par G.-P. Speec- a apporté et continue d'apporter à la coopéra- kaert recueille de cette chronologie de multiples tion entre les peuples. données statistiques et sociologiques qui font Enfin, en janvier 1958. la question des vivre, en le situant dans son cadre historique, « à-côtés » des congrès réunira un ensemble de un siècle d'organisation internationale. On trou- contributions représentant des points de vue vera une analyse plus détaillée de cet ouvrage, différents. Le tourisme tel qu'il doit s'organiser qui compte 232 pages, dans notre numéro autour d'une réunion internationale est non d'avril, page 208. seulement un facteur immédiat de réussite, mais * * * aussi un ferment précieux de rapprochement entre les peuples. La parution de l'édition 1956-57 de l'Annuaire D'autres thèmes d'ensemble sont à l'étude des Organisations Internationales a déjà été pour l'année 1958 et seront annoncés prochai- annoncée. Sortie de presse début mars, elle nement.

Owing to shortage of space it has been necessary to hold over until next month the English translation of the article « Le Phénomène Congrès » by Geneviève Devillé which appeared on pages 145-151 of the March issue of International Associations.

ASSOCIATIONS INTERNATIONALES, 1957, N° 5 301 NOTE IMPORTANTE. — La nouvelle édition 1956-57 IMPORTANT NOTE. — The new 1956-57 (French) (française) de l'Annuaire des Organisations Inter- edition of the Yearbook of International Organizations nationales a été publiée au début de mars. Les numéros was published at the beginning of March. The refer- de référence indiqués sont ceux des notices de la ence numbers therefore indicate the appropriate entries nouvelle édition et non ceux de l'édition 1954-55. in the new edition, and not the 1954-55 edition as Chaque annonce de congrès est, — dans la mesure du heretofore. Each annoncement includes, as far as possible, — complétée par l'adresse du comité ou secré- possible, the address of the local organizing committee tariat local chargé de son organisation. Les informa- or secretariat. tions nouvelles sont marquées d'un *. Le signe • in- New announcements are marked by a star *. The dique qu'il s'agit d'une modification à un annonce symbol • indicates an alteration in an announcement publiée antérieurement. Les informations non encore already published. The symbol + indicates an announ- annoncées dans ce calendrier mais déjà publiées dans cement not yet printed in International Associations le dernier numéro du « Supplément au calendrier » sont though included in the latest issue of the " Calendar marquées d'un +. Nous rappelons que le « Supplément Supplement ", which is produced each month two au calendrier » paraît mensuellement deux semaines weeks after the magazine closes for press (annual après la remise de la Revue à l'impression. subscription $ 6 or 42/-). JUILLET 1957 JULY 1 Jul — I Canoe Fed. - Arctic Rally. Kilpisjärvi Finnish Canoe Association, Soutustadion, (Finland) Helsinki; Yearbook n° 1052. 1 Jul — Caribbean Commission - confer- Not fixed Yearbook n° 47. ence on demographic problems. 1-2 Jul — Int. Union of Advertisers Asso- Copenhagen Yearbook n° 665. ciations - general assembly. 1-3 Jul — Int. Council of Commerce Em- Copenhagen Foreningen af Arbeidsgivere for Handels ployers - congress. og Kontor medhjaelpere, Gyldenlövesga- de 1, Copenhagen; Yearbook n° 438. 1-3 Jul — Concrete Shell Roof Construction Oslo Norsk Ingenieurforeningen, Kronprinsens- - 2nd int. symposium. gt 17, Oslo. 1-5 Jul — Nobel Prizewinners - 7th con- Lindau/ Nobel Foundation, Sturegatan 14, Stock- gress. Bodensee holm. (Germany)

1-6 Jul — Int. Cargo Handling Co-ordin- Hamburg Yearbook n° 644. ation Association - general assembly (Germany) and technical convention. 1-6 Jul — Permanent Int. Committee on Helsinki The Congress, Työterveyslaitos, Haart- Industrial Medicine - 12th int. congress maninkatu 1 , Helsinki-Töölö, Finland ; on occupational health. Yearbook n° 876. 1-7 Jul — Int. Order of Good Templars - Minneapolis Yearbook n° 202. int. summer school. (Minn, USA) 1-8 Jul — Sacred Music - 3rd int. congress. Paris 23, rue Bachelet, Paris 18e.

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ASSOCIATIONS INTERNATIONALES, 1957, N° 5 303 1957 JUILLET - JULY INFORMATION 1 Jul - Dec 1958 — Int. Geophysical Year. M. Nicolet, Sec. Gén. du C.S.A.G.I., 3, av. Circulaire, Uccle, Brussels. 2-4 Jul — Association des pédiatres de Paris Dr. Jacques Odinet, 3, av. Bugeaud, langue française - 16e congrès. Paris 16e. 2-5 Jul — Socialist Int. - congress. Vienna Yearbook n° 341. • 2-6 Jul — Int. Union of Pure and Applied Paris Conservatoire National des Arts et Mé- Physics - int. colloquium on physical tiers, 292, rue Saint-Martin, Paris 3e. aspects of colour television. Yearbook n° 838. 2-12 Jul — Int. Electrotechnical Commission Moscow Yearbook n° 749. - general meeting. 2 Jul - 3 Aug — UN - Economic and Social Geneva Yearbook n° 1. Council - 24th session. 3-6 Jul — Int. Union of Pure and Applied Cambridge Dr. J.S. Slater, Massachusetts Institute Physics - conference on current pro- (Mass, USA) of Technology, Cambridge, Mass.; Year- blems in crystal physics. book n° 838. 3-13 Jul — Associated Countrywomen of the Colombo Yearbook n° 1102. World - 8th triennial conference. 4-8 Jul — World Union O S E - general Paris Yearbook n° 421. assembly. 4-10 Jul — World Union for Progressive Ju- Amsterdam Yearbook n° 219. daism - congress. Theme : Religious (Netherlands) experience in Judaism. • 4-12 Jul — World Alliance of YMCAs- Kassel Reichsverband des Evgl. Jungmänner- World Council - 2nd meeting. (Germany) bünde Deutschlands, Kassel - Wilhelms- höhe, im Druseltal 8; Yearbook n° 944. 5-13 Jul — Int. Confederation of Free Trade Tunis Yearbook n° 487. Unions - 5th world congress. * 6-8 Jul — Int. Federation of Socialist and Vienna Yearbook n° 341. Democratic Press - conference. 6-9 Jul — Int. Gymnastic Federation - Zagreb Yearbook n° 1054. congress. (Yugoslavia) 7-12 Jul — The Rosicrucian Order - int. San Jose Amorc, San José, Cal. USA. convention. (Cal, USA) 8-10 Jul — Endocrine Aspect of Breast Can- Glasgow (UK) A P M Forrest, Ch. M, Dept of Surgery, cer - int. conference. Western Infirmary, Glasgow W. 1. 8-11 Jul — Int. Committee for Bird Preser- Bulawayo Yearbook n° 798. vation - world conference. (Rhodesia) 8-12 Jul — Int. Poliomyelitis Congress - 4th Geneva Yearbook n° 880. conference. * 8-12 Jul — Inter-American Philosophical Washington DC Dr. R. M. Chisholm, Brown University, Society - 2nd congress. Providence, R I, USA. 8-13 Jul — FAO/European Association for Copenhagen Yearbook nos 3/690. Animal Production - conference of ex- perts on pig testing; methods. 8-13 Jul — Int. Society of Christian Endea- Portland Walter Frutiger, Children's Farm Home, vour - 44th convention. (Ore, USA) Corvallis, Oregon; Yearbook n° 209. * 8-13 Jul — Savings Bankers - 7th int. sum- Zeist Yearbook n° 544. mer school. (Netherlands) 8-17 Jul — UNESCO/Int. Bureau of Educa- Geneva Yearbook n° 4/30. tion - 20th int. conference on public education. 8-18 Jul — World Association of Girl Guides Petropolis Federacao das Bandeirantes do Brazil, and Girl Scouts - 16th world confer- (Brazil) Rua Benjamin Constant 42, Rio de Janei- ence. ro; Yearbook n° 956.

ASSOCIATIONS INTERNATIONALES, 1957, N° 5 305 1957 JUILLET - JULY INFORMATION * 8-19 Jul — Institute of Scientific Studies for Loma Linda Yearbook n° 174. the Prevention of Alcoholism. (Cal, USA) 8-20 Jul — Permanent Int. Association of London G. V. Burns, Institution of Civil En- Navigation Congresses - 19th congress. gineers, Great George St., Westminster, London S.W.1; Yearbook n° 709. • 9-11 Jul — Int. Society of Geographical Paris Dr. J. P. Hardouin, 21, av. Pierre Ier de Pathology - 6th conference. Theme : Serbie, Paris 16e; Yearbook n° 925. Duodenal ulcers. + 9-11 Jul — UNESCO - NGO consultation on Paris Yearbook n° 4. 1959-60 programme. * 9-13 Jul — European Molecular Spectroscopy Freiburg Prof. R. Meeke, Institute of Physical Group - meeting. im Breisgau Chemistry, Universität, Freiburg im Breis- (Germany) gau. 9-13 Jul — Int. Union for the Study of So- Paris Yearbook n° 840. cial Insects - congress on current pro- blems of the biology of social insects. 10-12 Jul — Int. Union of Pure and Applied London Inst. of Mechanical Engineers, 1 Birdcage Chemistry - conference on thermo- Walk, London S.W.1; Yearbook n° 833. dynamics and conductibility of fluids. 10-13 Jul — Pilot Club Int. - 36th int. con- Toronto Persons Building, Macon, Georgia, USA, vention. (Canada) * 10-14 Jul — 2nd Int. Gymnaestrada. Zagreb Organizing Committee, Post Box N. 500, (Yugoslavia) Zagreb. 10-19 Jul — Int. Union of Crystallography - Montreal Dr. W. H. Barnes, National Research 4th general assembly, int. congress, two (Canada) Council, Ottawa 2, Canada ; Yearbook symposia. n° 834. 10-23 Jul — United Bible Societies - council Sao Paulo and Yearbook n° 158. meeting and conference. Rio de Janeiro * 11-14 Jul — Int. Conference for Foreign Graz Internationale Schule Österreichs, Büger- Language Teachers. (Austria) gasse 4, Graz. * 11-17 Jul — Int. Plastics Convention. London British Plastics, Dorset House, Stamford St, London S.E. 1. 11-24 Jul — Int. Society for Business Edu- Vienna, Linz, Dr. Richard Kerschagl, Hochschule für cation - 30th int. course on economic Salzburg, Welthandel, Vienna; Yearbook n° 993. expansion. Innsbruck • 13-18 Jul — Int. Friendship League - con- Bangor R. Carey, 11, Rowallen Rd, Rouken Glen, ference. (Ireland) Glasgow. Yearbook n° 319. 14-21 Jul — Int. Association of Gerontology - Merano, Venice Dr. Scardigli, Viale Morgagni, 85, Floren- 4th congress. (Italy) ce; Yearbook n° 854. 15-19 Jul — War Registers' Int. - conference. London Yearbook n° 317. Theme : Practical aspects of peace- making.

15-20 Jul — Int. Society of Clinical Pathology Brussels Prof. M. Welsch, Service de Bactériologie - 4th congress. et parasitologie, Université de Liège, 32, bd de la Constitution, Liège, Belgium; Yearbook n° 918. • 15-20 Jul — Int. Federation of Free Teachers- Italy Yearbook n° 508. Unions - congress and summer school. 15-20 Jul — Pan-African Ornithological con- Livings tone Dr. S. Dillon Ripley, Peabody Museum of gress. (Rhodesia) Natural History, Yale University, New Haven 11, Conn. 15-22 Jul — Int. Guild of Dispensing Opti- Eastbourne/ 110, East 23rd St., New York, NY. cians - 3rd biennial convention. London 15 Jul - 10 Aug — Hague Academy of Int. The Hague The Hague, Peace Palace. Law - 28th session.

ASSOCIATIONS INTERNATIONALES, 1957, N° 5 307 1957 JUILLET - JULY INFORMATION 16-25 Jul — Int. Union of Pure and Applied Paris Yearbook n° 833. Chemistry - 19th conference and 16th congress. 16-25 Jul — Int. Committee of Electro- Paris G. Valensi, Faculté de Sciences de Poi- Chemical Thermodynamics and Kinetics tiers, 5, rue des Vieilles Boucheries, Poi- - 9th meeting. tiers, France. Yearbook n° 797. 17-20 Jul — World Confederation for Physic- Cambridge Yearbook n° 878. al Therapy - executive committee. (UK) * 19-22 Jul — Int. Union of Liberal Christian Arnhem New addrs. : Secy, 2 Midholm, Golders Women - conference. (Netherlands) Green, London N.W. 11; Yearbook n° 1101. 20-21 Jul — Int. symposium on medical-social Venice (Italy) Secretariat, Viale Morgagni 85, Florence. aspects of senile nervous diseases. Italy. 20-26 Jul — World Alliance of YMCAs - Aarnus Yearbook n° 944. European area conference and Euro- pean area conference for older boys. (Denmark) 20-27 Jul — Int. Fellowship of Reconciliation Lustin Yearbook n° 207. - youth conference. (Belgium) 21-26 Jul — Altrusa Int. Congress. Subject : New Orleans Yearbook n° 1088. Ways to improve community and world (La, USA) service projects.

21-28 Jul — 1st Int. Congress of Neurological Brussels Sec. Gen., Institut Bunge, 59, rue Phi- Sciences - 6th int. congress of neuro- lippe-Willot, Berchem-Anvers, Belgium; logy; 3rd int. congress of neuropatho- Yearbook nos 882, 895, 905. logy; 1st int. congress of neurosurgery; 4th int. congress of electroencephalo- graphy and clinical neurophysiology ; 5th symposium nenroradiologicum ; 5th meeting of Int. League against Epi- lepsy. 21-28 Jul — Imperial Society of Teachers of London Yearbook n° 468. Dancing - congress. • 22 Jul — Int. Federation for Theatre Re- Venice Centro di Ricerche Teatrali, Via del Su- search - world conference on theatre dario, 44, Rome. research. (Italy) 22-26 Jul — Int. Organization for Standardi- Geneva Yearbook n° 769. zation - council meeting. 22-26 Jul — Int. Society for the Welfare of London Miss M. Drury, Central Council for the Cripples - 7th world congress. Theme : Care of Cripples, 34, Eccleston Square, Planning for victory over disablement : London, S.W.1; Yearbook n° 415. the advance, integration and application of knowledge. 22 Jul - 16 Aug — UN - committee on infor- New York Yearbook n° 1. mation from non-self-governing terri- tories. 23-25 Jul — Potassium Industry - 5th int. Vienna Institut Int. de la Potasse, Boîte Postale congress. 1534, Berne Transit, Switzerland. 23-26 Jul — World's YWCA - seminar. The- Geneva Yearbook n° 945. me : The YWCA as a world Christian movement. 23-30 Jul — Int. Alliance of Women - int. Geneva Yearbook n° 1086. committee conference. • 23 Jul - 2 Aug — Int. Order of Good Templars Ghent Yearbook n° 202. - Youth Camp. (Belgium) * 24 Jul — Int. Commission for the Preven- Washington DC Yearbook n° 174. tion of Alcoholism - meeting.

ASSOCIATIONS INTERNATIONALES, 1957, N° 5 309 1957 JUILLET - JULY INFORMATION 24-27 Jul — Int. Federation of Industrial Stuttgart Yearbook n° 497. Organizations and General Workers' (Germany) Unions - congress commemorating 50th anniversary. 34-29 Jul — Int. symposium on the develop- Perugia Prof. Lucio Severi, Division of Cancer Re- ment of mammary cancer. (Italy) search, P.O. Box 167, Perugia. 25 Jul — World Federation of Teachers' Warsaw Yearbook n° 524. Unions - conference. 25-26 Jul — Int. Union of Pure and Applied Paris Prof. P. Dubois, 292, rue Saint-Martin, Chemistry - division of plastics and Paris 3e; Yearbook n° 833. high polymers symposium. 25-28 Jul — Pax Romana, Secrétariat int. des Bergamo U.C.I. Tecnici, Via Conciliazione 1, Rome; ingénieurs, agronomes, et cadres écono- (Italy) Yearbook n° 206. miques catholiques - 3rd congress. The- me : Integration of technicians in industrial undertakings. 25-29 Jul — Int. Union of Pure and Applied Paris Prof. J. Roche, Collège de France, place Chemistry - symposium on protein Marcellin Berthelot, Paris 5e; Yearbook structure. n° 833. * 25 Jul - 9 Sept — 6th European Youth Camp. Marienberg Europahaus, Marienberg/Westerwald, Theme : Political responsibility of (Germany) Germany. youth. 26-31 Jul — International Humanist and London British Ethical Union, Stanton Coit Hou- Ethical Union - 2nd congress. se, 13, Prince of Wales Terrace, London W.8; Yearbook n° 215. 26 Jul - 1 Aug — Int. Union of Nutritional Paris Prof. L. Genevois, Facutlé des Sciences, Sciences - 4th congress. 20, Cours Pasteur, Bordeaux; Yearbook n° 936. 27 Jul - 2 Aug — Universal Esperanto Asso- Villeneuve- Yearbook n° 232. ciation - 13th int. youth congress. lès-Avignon (France) 27 Jul - 5 Aug, — Pax Romana - IMCS - San Salvador Yearbook n° 988, inter-federal assembly. Theme : Civic responsibility of the student. 38 Jul - 1 Aug — Psychoanalysis - 20th int. Paris Dr. Nacht, 187, rue St-Jacques, Paris 5e. congress. 28 Jul - 3 Aug — Int. Union of Scientific Brussels Dr. Louis Delys, 296, av. des Sept-Bon- Psychology - 15th int. congress. niers, Forest-Bruxelles; Yearbook n° 274. 28 Jul - 11 Aug — World Federation of De- Moscow Yearbook n° 979. mocratic Youth - 6th festival of peace and friendship. * 29 Jul - 2 Aug — Int. Federation of Pres- San Francisco Department of Conference, University of tressing - int. conference on prestressed (Cal, USA) California, Berkeley 4, Cal. concrete. 30 Jul - 2 Aug — Blind Esperantists - 27th Lyons Yearbook 11° 232. int. congress. (France) 30 Jul - 10 Aug — FAO - Latin American Guatemala Yearbook n° 3. Forestry Commission - 6th session. 31 Jul - 1 Aug — Int. Co-operative Women's Stockholm Yearbook n° 641. Guild - congress. 31 Jul - 5 Aug — Int. Association for Hy- Lisbon M. C. Mendes da Rocha, Laboratorio de draulic Research - general assembly. Engenharia Civil, Ministerio de las Obras Publicas, Av. Rovisco Pais, Lisbon; Year- bon; Yearbook n° 743.

ASSOCIATIONS INTERNATIONALES, 1957, N° 5 311 1957 JUILLET - JULY INFORMATION 31 Jul - 6 Aug — Int. Committee of Dermato- Stockholm Dr. C. H. Floden, Dermatologiska Kliniken logy - 11th int. congress of dermatology. Karolinska Sjukhuset, Stockholm 60; Yearbook n° 872. * 31 Jul - 9 Aug — Int. Federation for Weeks Belgium Yearbook n° 1020. of Art - 16th int. week of Belgian art. Jul — FAO/Middle East Society of Soil Beirut Yearbook n° 3. Science - meeting on soil survey and classification. Jul — Inter-American Congress on Secon- Cordoba Yearbook n° 106. dary Education. (Argentina) Jul — UN - Technical Assistance Com- Geneva Yearbook n° 1. mittee. Jul — Technical Assistance Board - 39th Geneva Yearbook n° 14. session. + Jul — Int. Fellowship of Reconciliation - Germany Yearbook n° 207. conference of the Historic Peace Chur- ches. Jul — European Association for Animal Luxembourg Yearbook n° 690. Production - meeting of the six Study Commissions . Jul — Confederation of Latin-American Montevideo Yearbook n° 430. Workers - 4th congress. Jul — Int. Garment Workers' Federation - Not fixed Yearbook n° 502. congress. Jul or Aug — Scandinavian Peace Congress. Stavanger c/o Svenska Freds- och Skiljedomsföre- (Norway) ningen, Jungfrugatan 30, 3 tr, Stock- holm 5. AOUT 1957 AUGUST

1-4 Aug — Pax Christi - 5th int. congress. Mariazell Yearbook n° 205. Theme : My brother, the foreigner. (Austria)

* 1-10 Aug — Int. Society for the Welfare of Copenhagen Dr. J. Saugmann-Jensen, 34 Esplanaden, Cripples - course in prosthetics. Copenhagen K; Yearbook n° 415. 1-10 Aug — World Council for the Welfare Oslo Yearbook n° 410. of the Blind - meeting of consultative committee on education. 1-10 Aug — Organization of American States Panama City Yearbook n° 107. - 7th pan american highway congress.

1-12 Aug — Int. Conference of the Boy Button Coldfield Yearbook n° 961. Scout Movement - jubilee world jam- (UK) boree and 16th int. scout conference. 1-14 Aug — Int. Colloquium on Private Int. Mariansky- Yearbook n° 353. Law. Lazny (Czecho- slovakia) 2 Aug — Int. Federation of Secondary Frankfurt/Main Yearbook n° 978. Teachers - congress. (Germany) 2 Aug — Int. Federation of Teachers' Frankfurt/Main Yearbook n° 974. Associations - congress. (Germany) 2-9 Aug — World Confederation of Organi- Frankfurt/Main Arbeitsgemeinschaft Deutscher Lehrer- zations of the Teaching Profession - (Germany) verbände, Begierungsdirektor Bernhard assembly of delegates. Theme : The Plewe, Hindenburgstrasse 40, Darmstadt: shortage of teachers, causes and reme- Yearbook n° 964. dies.

ASSOCIATIONS INTERNATIONALES, 1957. N° 5 313 1957 AOUT - AUGUST INFORMATION 2-11 Aug — Int. Federation of Camping and Stuttgart Dr. Max Eckert, Postfach 52, Munich; Caravanning - 18th int. rally and con- (Germany) Yearbook n° 721. gress. 3-10 Aug — Universala Esperanto Asocio - Marseilles 32, Cours Estienne d'Orves, Marseilles; 42nd congress. (France) Yearbook n° 232. • 3-10 Aug — Sennacieca Asocio Tutmondo - Rotterdam A. C. Obbes, Boezemlaan 24, Rotterdam N. 30th congress. (Netherlands) * 3-10 Aug — Int. Religious Fellowship - Stoos Hermann Boecker, Rheinländerstr. 17, annual conference. (Switzerland) Basle. 4-7 Aug — Int. Co-operative Alliance - 20th Stockholm Kooperativa Förbundet, Stockholm, 15 ; congress. Yearbook n° 550. * 4-16 Aug — European Institute of Scientific Geneva Yearbook n° 174. Studies for the Prevention of Alcohol- ism. 5-9 Aug — Cnf of NGOs interested in Mi- Geneva Yearbook n° 388. gration - 6th conference. 5-9 Aug — Permanent Int. Committee of Oslo Miss Eva Sivertsen, Kirkeveien 98, A III, Linguists - 8th congress. Oslo; Yearbook n° 240. 5-11 Aug — Pediatrics - 5th Pan American Lima Dr. Carlos F. Krumdieck, Chairman, congress. Washington 914, Lima. 5-12 Aug — Socialist Int., Latin American Santiago Yearbook n° 341. Secretariat - conferences on economics de Chile and imperialism. + 5-15 Aug — Int. Federation of University Belfast/Dublin Yearbook n° 1095. Women - 39th council meeting. 5-17 Aug — Curare and Curarising Sub- Rio de Janeiro Prof. C. Chagas, Instituto de Profisica, stances - int. symposium. 458 Av. Pasteur, Rio de Janeiro. 6-16 Aug — Pax Romana, Int. Movement of Gemen Yearbook n° 988. Catholic Students - meeting on autho- (Germany) rity and freedom. 6-17 Aug — Int. Association of Geodesy - Toronto Yearbook n° 779. general assembly. (Canada) 7-9 Aug — Society for Research on Ageing London Dr. G. H. Bourne, London Hospital Me- - int. conference on the biology of the dical College, London E. 1. hair follicle and the growth of hair. 7-9 Aug — Int. Union against the Venereal Stockholm Dr. A. Cavaillon, 2, quai Saint-Pierre, Diseases and the Treponematoses - Cannes; Yearbook n° 935. general assembly and open conference on prostitution and venereal diseases. * 7-10 Aug — Architectural Students - 4th Copenhagen Scandinavian Architectural S t u d e n t s int. conference. Councils, 19 Sankt Peters Straede, Copen- hagen K. 8-15 Aug — Int. Union for the Scientific Stockholm Yearbook n° 277. Study of Population - congress. 8-15 Aug — Int. Statistical Institute - 30th Stockholm Mrs. K. Kock, Central Bureau of Statis- session. tics, Stockholm 5; Yearbook n° 261. + 9-11 Aug — Int. Naturist Federation - int. Hyeres Yearbook n° 900. rally. (France) 9-11 Aug — Democratic and Socialist Par- Santiago- Humberto Maiztegui, Soriano 1218, Mon- ties of Latin America - 1st conference. de-Chile tevideo; Yearbook n° 341. + 11 Aug — European League for Mental Copenhagen Dr. P. Sivadon, 212, rue de Rivoli, Paris. Hygiene - 7th annual meeting. Yearbook n° 903. 11-16 Aug — Christian Esperanto Int. Asso- Munchenweiler Druivenstraat, 32, La Haye. ciation - congress. (Switzerland)

ASSOCIATIONS INTERNATIONALES, 1957, N° 5 315 1957 AOUT - AUGUST INFORMATION 11-17 Aug — World Federation for Mental Copenhagen Yearbook n° 899. Health - 10th annual meeting. Theme : Growing up in a changing world. 12-14 Aug — European Hops Culture Com- Munich Yearbook n° 681. mittee - 7th congress. (Germany) 12-15 Aug — Int. Cremation Federation - Zurich 47, Nottingham Place, London W.1. congress. (Switzerland) 12-17 Aug — European Confederation of Helsinki Yearbook n° 685. Agriculture - 9th general assembly. 12-18 Aug — Int. Mathematical Union - col- Helsinki Yearbook 11e 842. loquium on the theory of functions. 12-24 Aug — Int. Society of Soil Mechanics London H. O. Cox, Secretary Visits Sub-Commit- and Foundation Engineering - 4th con- tee - 4th Conference ISSMPE, Inst. of gress. Theme : Theory and applications Civil Engineers, Great George St, S.W.1; of soil mechanics and foundation en- Yearbook n° 772. gineering. 14 Aug — Universal Postal Union - 14th Ottawa Yearbook n° 8. congress. Subject : revision of the acts of the union. 15 Aug — Organization of American States Buenos Aires Yearbook n° 107. - economic conference. 15-25 Aug — Lutheran World Federation - Minneapolis Yearbook n° 194. general assembly. Theme : Christ frees (Minn, USA) and unites. 16-18 Aug — Int. Council of Scientific Unions New York Yearbook n° 808. - joint commission on the ionosphere. 16-22 Aug — World Federation of Democratic Not fixed Yearbook n° 979. Youth - 4th congress. + 17 Aug - 5 Sept — Austrian College Society - Alpbach Austrian College, Alpbach, Tyrol, Austria. 13th int. summer seminar. Theme : (Austria) Myth, Utopia, Ideology. 19 Aug — Int. Atomic Energy Agency - Vienna Yearbook n° 21. 1st general conference. 19-23 Aug — Open Door Int. - 10th confer- Paris Yearbook n° 1098. ence. 19-23 Aug — Int. Federation for Clinical Stockholm Dr. Kjell Agner, Box 12024, Stockholm 12. Chemistry - 2nd European congress. 19-24 Aug — Int. Union of Biochemistry - Moscow Yearbook n° 832. int. symposium on the origin of life. 19-24 Aug — Int. Congress on Smelting. Stockholm Lars Villner, Sveriges Mekanforbund, Stockholm. 19-24 Aug — Int. Youth Hostel Federation - Zeist Nederlandse Jeugd-Herberg-Centrale, 4-6, 18th conference. (Netherlands) Prof. Tulpstraat, Amsterdam C; Year- book n° 975. 19-30 Aug — Int. Union of Socialist Youth - Berlin Yearbook n° 343. summer school. • 21-23 Aug — Int. Federation of Unions of Norway Yearbook n° 493. Employees in Public and Civil Services - general council session. 19-30 Aug — Organization of American States Panama City Yearbook n° 107. - 7th pan american highway congress. 22-27 Aug — Association Mondialiste Inter- Geneva M. Alfred Nahon, 25 ave Denantou, Lau- planétaire - world assembly against sanne, Switzerland. atomic weapons.

ASSOCIATIONS INTERNATIONALES, 1957, N° 5 317 1857 AOUT - AUGUST INFORMATION 22 Aug - 5 Sept — Int. Scientific Radio Union Boulder Yearbook n° 843. - 12th general assembly. (Colorado, USA) 24-25 Aug — Int. Chiropractors Association - Davenport Yearbook n° 853. convention. (Iowa, USA) 24-27 Aug — Int. Folk Music Council - ge- Copenhagen Yearbook n° 1017. neral assembly. 24 Aug — 4 Sept — Young Christian Workers Rome Gioventù Italiana Operaia, Cristiana, 1, int. congress. via Conciliazione, Rome; Yearbook n° 981. 25 Aug — World Committee for Culture Singapore 89, via Frattina, Rome. and Theatre - conference. 25-30 Aug — Int. Committee for Silent Sports Rome Centro di Educazione Fisica e Sport, c/o 8th int. games. Mr. C. Magarotto, 36, via Clitunno, Rome; Yearbook n° 1037. 26-28 Aug — Society for Biological Rhythm - Semmering Yearbook n° 823. 6th conference. (Austria) 26-29 Aug — Int. Union of Pure and Applied Freiburg, Yearbook n° 837. Mechanics - int. symposium on bound- Breisgau ary layer research. (Germany) • 26-31 Aug — Int. Union for Logic, Methodo- Amsterdam Yearbook n° 836. logy and Philosophy of Sciences - con- (Netherlands) ference on mathematical logic. 26-31 Aug — European. Society of Haemato- Copenhagen Dr. A. Videbaek, Rigshospitalet, Blej- logy - congress. damsvej 9, Copenhagen; Yearbook n° 908. 26-31 Aug — Int. Union of Pure and Applied Madison Dr. J. R. Dillinger, Univ. of Wisconsin, Physics - 5th int. conference on low ( Wis., USA) Madison, Wis; Yearbook n° 838. temperature physics and chemistry. 26-31 Aug — World Association of World Scheveningen Yearbook n° 327. Federalists - 10th anniversary congress. (Netherlands) 26-31 Aug — Int. Federation of Building and Zurich Soc. Suisse des Entrepreneurs, 38, Beetho- Public Works - general assembly. (Switzerland) venstr., Zurich; Yearbook n° 636. 26 Aug - 10 Oct — British Commonwealth Australia 26 Aug - 24 Sept Forestry Conference - 7th session. New Zealand 25 Sept - 10 Oct 27-31 Aug — The Liberal Int. - 10th congress. Oxford (UK) Yearbook n° 340. • 28 Aug — Grotius Foundation for the Munich C. John Colombos, QC, 2 King's Bench Extension of International Law - 7th (Germany) Walk, London EC4. int. conference. 28-31 Aug — American Dental Society of Lausanne Dr. J.P. Molony, 110, Harley St, London Europe - annual int. meeting. (Switzerland) W.1. 28-31 Aug — Int. Institute of Iberoamerican San Juan Yearbook n° 1024. Literature - 8th congress. (Puerto Rico) 28-31 Aug — World Union of Catholic Tea- Vienna Yearbook n° 997. chers - 3rd congress. Theme : The role of education in international life. 28 Aug - 3 Sept — Int. Society for Cell Bio- St. Andrews Prof. H. G. Callan, University of St logy - 9th congress. (Scotland) Andrews, Fife; Yearbook n° 819. 28 Aug - 4 Sept — Int. Union of Orientalists Munich Yearbook n° 275. - 24th congress. (Germany) 29-31 Aug — Group Psychotherapy - 2nd int. Zurich S. Lebovici, 3, ave du Président Wilson. e congress. (Switzerland) Paris 16 . 29 Aug - 2 Sept — European Orthodontolo- Geneva Prof. E. Fernex, 1, place du Port, Geneva: gical Society - annual int. session. Yearbook n° 909.

ASSOCIATIONS INTERNATIONALES, 1957, N° 5 319 1957 AOUT - AUGUST INFORMATION • 29 Aug - 2 Sept — World Federation of Scien- Helsinki Yearbook n° 463. tific Workers - 5th general assembly. 29 Aug - 3 Sept — Int. Geographical Union Tokyo and Nara Science Council of Japan, Ueno Park, - regional conference. Tokyo; Yearbook n° 830. 29 Aug - 6 Sept — Int. Union of Public Hamburg/ Yearbook n° 736. Transport - 32nd congress. Berlin 30 Aug - 13 Sept — Pan American Railway Buenos Aires José A. Fontanella, Florida 783, Buenos Congress Association - 9th congress. Aires; Yearbook n° 703.

Aug — Int. Astronautical Federation - con- Barcelona Yearbook n° 809. gress. (Spain) Aug — Organization of American States - Buenos Aires Yearbook n° 107. 2nd meeting of ministers of finance and economy. Aug — Int. Association of Physical Oceano- Canada H. B. Hachey, Chief Oceanographer, Joint graphy - general assembly. Committee on Oceanography, St. An- drews, New Brunswick, Canada; Yearbook n° 778. + Aug — UNESCO/Organization of American Colombia Yearbook n° 4/107. States - Inter-American seminar on educational planning. Aug — Conference of world organizations Geneva Yearbook n° 387. interested in the Handicapped - meet- ing. * Aug — Brucellosis - 4th Inter-American Lima Dr. Alice C. Evans, 1661 Crescent Place Congress. NW, Washington 9 DC. + Aug — Quadrennial Int. Games for the Milan/Rome c/o Inst. for the Adult Deaf and Dumb, Deaf. Park Way, Princes Avenue, Liverpool 8, UK. + Aug — Int. Economic Association - round Rio de Janeiro Yearbook n° 538. table on economic development in Latin America. Aug — Int. Association of Seismology and Toronto Yearbook n° 784. Physics of the Earth's Interior - meet- (Canada) ing. Aug or Sept — UNESCO - int. congress of Havana Yearbook n° 4. national libraries. Summer — Int. Railway Transport Com- (Denmark) Yearbook n° 714. mittee - meeting. — Int. Commission of Ethnology and Rome Pr. G. Cocchiara, Univ. di Palermo, Dir. Folklore - general assembly. del Museo Pite, Palermo, Sicily; Yearbook n° 243. — Int. Society for Orthopedagogics - con- Rome Yearbook n° 991. gress. — Int. Railway Temperance Union - 50th Stockholm Yearbook n° 190. anniversary congress. — Int. Mathematical Union - int. collo- Tubingen Prof. H. Wielandt, Eberhard-Karls-Uni- quium on finite groups. (Germany) versität, Tubingen; Yearbook n° 842. — Int. Society for Education through Art Not fixed Yearbook n° 992. - 2nd general assembly. — World Jewish Congress - 4th plenary Not fixed Yearbook n° 177. assembly. — European Liberal Youth - meeting. Not fixed 39, rue de Naples, Bruxelles; Yearbook n° 982. — World's Poultry Science Association - Not fixed Major Ian Macdougall, C.B.E., 45, Bedford 11th congress. Square, London W. C. 1.; Yearbook n° 677.

ASSOCIATIONS INTERNATIONALES. 1957, N° 5 321 SEPTEMBRE 1957 SEPTEMBER 1-7 Sept — Psychiatry, 2nd World Congress. Zurich Prof. Jacob Wyrsch, «Dottikon», Stans Theme : Schizophrenia. (Switzerland) près Lucerne, Nedwald, Suisse. 2-6 Sept — Operational Research - int. Oxford (U.K.) B H P Rivett, Operational Research So- conference. ciety, 2 Grosvenor Place, London S.W. 1. • 2-7 Sept — Women's Int. League for Peace Geneva Yearbook n° 321. and Freedom - executive committee. 2-8 Sept — Int. Catholic Child Bureau - Quebec, 1337, Blvd du Carmel, Trois-Rivières 6th congress. Theme : The child and Trois -Rivières, (P.Q.) the church in the world today. Montreal 2-9 Sept — World Council of Churches - Italy Yearbook n° 184. Latin countries youth conference. • 2-9 Sept — Int. Wine Office - 37th plenary Ljubljana Yearbook n° 104. session. (Yugoslavia) 3 Sept — French Speaking Psychiatrists Lyons Dr. P. Cossa, 29, bd Victor Hugo, Nice, and Neurologists - congress. (France) France. • 4 Sept — Int. Association for Market Cologne Zentralverband des Deutschen Gemüse- Gardening - general assembly. (Germany) baues, Koblenzerstr. 33, Bonn. 4-14 Sept — Int. Union of Geodesy and Toronto Yearbook n° 829. Geophysics - 11th general assembly. (Canada) 6 Sept — Int. Container Bureau - general Utrecht Yearbook n° 712. assembly. (Netherlands) 7-14 Sept — Int. Dental Federation - 12th Rome Dr. P. Lalli, via Boezio, 16, Rome; Year- int. congress of odonto-stomatology. book n° 889. + 7-15 Sept — University of Pennsylvania/ Bruges College of Europe. Naaldenstraat 22 A, College of Europe - conference on (Belgium) Bruges. North Atlantic Community. 7-17 Sept — UNICEF - Executive Board. New York Yearbook n° 16. 7-21 Sept — Banking: - 10th int. summer Wiesbaden Bundesverband des Privaten Bankgewer- school. (Germany) bes e.V., Stolkgasse 1, Köln. 8 Sept — WHO - regional commission for Hong Kong Yearbook n° 9. Western Pacific - 8th session. 8-12 Sept — Int. College of Surgeons - 22nd Chicago Yearbook n° 871. annual congress. (Ill, USA) 8-15 Sept — Int. Commission of Phytophar- Hamburg Dr. Richter, Präsident der Biologischen- macy - 4th int. congress. (Germany) Bundesanstalt für Land- und Forstwirt- schaft, Messeweg 11-12, Braunschweig. 8-22 Sept — Int. Confederation of Free Banff Yearbook n° 487. Trade Unions - int. seminar. (Canada) • 8 Sept - 9 Oct — 6th Commonwealth Mining Canada 507, Metropolitan Blg, 837 West Hastings and Metallurgical Congress. St., Vancouver, B.C. • 9-12 Sept — Int. Centre of Fertilizers - 6th Heidelberg Rheinstrasse 91, Darmstadt, Germany. world congress. (Germany) Yearbook n° 679. 9-12 Sept — Societies of French Speaking Marseilles Dr. Serment, Hôpital de la Conception, Gynecologists and Obstetricians - 17th (France) Marseilles; Yearbook *890. congress. 9-13 Sept — 7th Int. Congress of Account- Amsterdam A.L. de Bruyne, Herengracht 491, Amster- ants. (Netherlands) dam. 9-13 Sept — Int. Air Transport Association Madrid Yearbook n° 704. - 13th annual general assembly. 9-14 Sept — Int. Secretariat for Teaching Florence Yearbook n° 990. Educational Sciences in Universities - (Italy) 2nd congress.

ASSOCIATIONS INTERNATIONALES, 1957, N° 5 323 1957 - SEPTEMBRE - SEPTEMBER INFORMATION 9-14 Sept — Clinical Chemistry - int. con- New York Dr. J. G. Reinhold, 711 Maloney Bldg, gress. Univ. of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia 4. 9-15 Sept — Int. Union of Pure and Applied Prague Dr. J.C. Bevington, Chemistry Dept, The Chemistry - symposium on macromole- University, Birmingham 15. cular chemistry. + 9-20 Sept — UNESCO - int. scientific con- Paris Yearbook n° 4. ference on radio-isotopes for research purposes. 11-15 Sept — Int. Union of Pure and Applied Varenna Prof. G. Polvani, Istituto di Fisica dell' Physics - int. colloquium on conden- (Italy) Universita. Via Saldini 50, Milan, Italy; sation. Yearbook n° 838. 12 Sept — Inter-Parliamentary Union - London Yearbook n° 335- 46th conference. * 12-14 Sept — 2nd Int. Congress of Labour Geneva Département du Commerce et de l'Indus- Law. trie, 14, rue de l'Hôtel de Ville, Geneva. 13-15 Sept — Int. Union of Medical Press - London Dr. H. Clegg, British Medical Association, 3rd congress. Tavistock Square, London W. C. 1. 14-15 Sept — St Joan's Int. Social and Poli- Paris Yearbook n° 1087. tical Alliance - 14th council meeting. 15-19 Sept — Int. Union of Catholic Emp- Montreal, Yearbook n° 476. loyers' Associations - 14th congress. Quebec 15-19 Sept — Int. Union of Leather Chemists Rome Dr. I.A. Bravo, Via Salbertrand 19, Tu- Societies - 5th biennial conference. rin, Italy; Yearbook n° 670. * 15-20 Sept — Int. Committee for Farm Work Bad Kreuznach Instituut voor Landbouwtechniek en Ra- Organization - congress. (Germany) tionalisatie, Lage Steeg 12, Wageningen, Netherlands. 15-22 Sept — Postal, Telegraph and Tele- Florence Yearbook n° 507. phone Int. - 16th congress. (Italy) 15-23 Sept — Int. Union of the Amateur Rome Yearbook n° 1034. Cinema - 16th congress. 16 Sept — Int. Federation of Building: and Munich Yearbook n° 505. Woodworkers - congress. (Germany) 16-19 Sept — Int. Metalworkers' Federation - Lugano Yearbook n° 500. congress. (Switzerland) + 16-19 Sept — Aviation Medicine - 2nd Europ- Stockholm Dr. Olle Höök, Flygvapnet, Stockholm 80. ean congress. • 16-19 Sept — Int. League against Unfair Vienna Yearbook n° 647. Competition - congress and general assembly. Theme : Taxes and competi- tion. 16-19 Sept — Int. Fiscal Association - 11th Vienna Dr. Ernst Fritsch, Anastasius- Grün -Gasse congress. 48, Vienna XVIII/110; Yearbook n° 535. * 16-20 Sept — Int. Symposium on Ecology and Barcelona Dr. S.V. Peris, c/o Piner No. 21, Madrid. Biogeography of Spain. (Spain) 16-21 Sept — Int. Society of Orthopaedic Barcelona Dr. Jose Vilardell, Avda. de Jose Antonio Surgery and Traumatology - 7th con- (Spain) 692, Barcelona; Yearbook 921. gress. 16-21 Sept — WHO - Regional Committee for Brazzaville Yearbook n° 9. Africa. 16-21 Sept — Int. Dairy Federation - annual Interlaken Yearbook n° 692. meeting. (Switzerland) • 16-21 Sept — Int. Federation for Documen- Paris Yearbook n° 142. tation - 23rd conference.

ASSOCIATIONS INTERNATIONALES, 1957, N° 5 325 1957 - SEPTEMBRE - SEPTEMBER INFORMATION 16-22 Sept — Int. Union of Family Organi- Rome Yearbook n° 419. zations - general assembly and council. 17-19 Sept — Int. Council for Philosophy and Paris Yearbook n° 250. Humanistic Studies - general assembly. • 17-20 Sept — Int. Union of Pure and Applied Rome Pr. Eligio Perucca, Istituto di fisica speri- Physics - general assembly. mentale del Politecnico di Torino, Turin, Italy; Yearbook n° 838. 17-20 Sept — Christian Democrats - 2nd Sao Paulo Jorge Kibedi, Casilia 1392, Santiago-Chile. American congress. (Brazil) + 17-24 Sept — Société de chimie industrielle - Athens Yearbook n° 771. 30th int. congress on industrial chemis- try. 17 Sept - 13 Dec — UN - General Assembly - New York Yearbook n° 1. 12th session. 18-21 Sept — Int. Ore Dressing Congress. Stockholm Svenska Gruvföreningen, Näckströmsg. l, Stockholm. 20-27 Sept — PAO - 4th conference on nutri- Guatemala Yearbook n° 3. tion problems in Latin America. * 21-27 Sept — Int. Scientific Film Association Amsterdam Scientific Film Assoc, 164 Shaftesbury - 11th congress. (Netherlands) Ave, London W. C. 2. 22-27 Sept — Int. Union of Pure and Applied Padua/Venice Prof. A. Rostagni, Istituto di Fisica dell' Physics - int. colloquium on mesons. Universita di Padova, Padua, Italy. 22-27 Sept — Int. Union of Building- Societies Stuttgart Dr. Schurrle, Gemeinschaft der Freunde and Savings and Loan Associations - Wüstenrot, Hohenzollernstr. 46, Ludwigs- 7th congress. burg/Württ. 22-27 Sept — Int. Union of Pure and Applied Venice Yearbook n° 838. Physics - Colloquium on cosmic rays - (Italy) colloquium on theoretical physics. 22-28 Sept — Int. Catholic Migration Com- Assisi Yearbook n° 385. mission - 3rd int. migration congress. (Italy) 22-28 Sept — Int. Federation of Cotton and Venice Yearbook n° 632. Allied Textile Industries - congress. (Italy) 23 Sept — Int. Bank for Reconstruction Washington DC Yearbook n° 6. and Development - 12th annual assem- bly. 23 Sept — Int. Monetary Fund - meeting. Washington DC Yearbook n° 7. + 23-26 Sept — Int. Federation of Library Paris Yearbook n° 145. Associations - meeting. • 23-27 Sept — Federation of Continental Lucerne Association suisse des chimistes et tech- European Associations of Technicians (Switzerland) niciens de l'industrie des vernis et cou- in the paint, varnish, enamels and leurs, Schlösslistrasse 2, Zurich 44; Year- printing ink Industries - 4th congress. book n° 612. * 23-27 Sept — Int. Society for Bioclimatology Vienna Österreichisches Verkehrsbureau, Frie- 1st congress. drichstrasse 7, Vienna I. 23-28 Sept — Int. Association of Plastic Arts Dubrovnik Yearbook n° 1004. - 2nd congress. (Yugoslavia) • 23-29 Sept — Sociology - 17th int. congress. Beirut Organizing Committee, Min of Foreign Affairs (Cultural and Social Section), Beirut, Lebanon. • 24-27 Sept — European Productivity Agency - Stockholm Yearbook n° 19. trade unionists' seminar on changes in office technique. 24 Sept - 15 Oct — World Meteorological Geneva Yearbook n° 11. Organization - Executive Committee - 9th session.

ASSOCIATIONS INTERNATIONALES, 1957, N° 5 327