Union of International Associations

« Associations internationales » est publié par " International Associations " is published by the l'Union des Associations Internationales, Union of International Associations, organisation internationale non gouvernementale, à but non-profit making international non-governmental orga- scientifique, fondée en 1910, ayant le Statut consultatif nization, founded 1910, granted Consultative Status by auprès du Conseil Economique et Social de l'O.N.U. the Economic and Social Council of the United Nations (septembre 1951) et auprès de l'Unesco (novembre 1952). (September 1951) and by Unesco (November 1952).

Comité de Direction - Executive Council President - President : Etienne DE LA VALLÉE POUSSIN, Sénateur, Délégué belge à Autres Membres - Other Members l'Assemblée Consultative du Conseil de l'Europe (Belgique). Pror. R. Ago (Italie) Vice-Présidents - Vice-Presidents ; Sir Ramaswami MUDALIAR. M11e M. G. Baers (Belgique) President India Steamship Company (India) : E. Beddington-Behrens ( UK) Lord Beveridge (UK) Pierre VASSEUR, Secrétaire général de la Chambre de Com- Dr M. Blank (Germany) merce Internationale (France). L. Boissier ( Suisse) Sir Harry Brittain (UK) Membres - Members : W. W. ATWOOD Jr, Director Office of M. Caetano (Portugal) International Relations, National Academy of Sciences L. Camu (Belgique) (USA): Mgr Caprio (V ati can) Mrs K. Chattopadhyny (India) Th. CAVALCANTI, Doyen de la Faculté Nationale des Scien- G. de Soyza (Ceylon) ces Economiques de l'Université du Brésil (Brésil) : J. Drapier (Belgique) r D G. ERDMANN, Secrétaire général de la Fédération des J. G. D'Souza (India) R. Fenaux (Belgique) Employeurs Allemands (Allemagne); J. H. Frietema (Pays-Bas) Max HABICHT, Avocat (Suisse) : A. Gjöres (Sweden) T. MAEDA, former Minister, Chairman Japanese National J. Goormaghtigh (Belgique) C. H. Gray (UK) Commission for Unesco (Japan): K. S. Hasan ( Pakistan) J. H. OLDENBROEK, Secretary-General of the International J. Henle ( Allemagne) Confederation of Free Trade Unions (Netherlands): P. Heymans ( Belgique) P. Hoffman (USA) Louis VERNIERS. Secrétaire general honoraire du Ministere E. Jensen (Denmark) de l'Instruction Publique (Belgique); Miss A. Kane (New Zealand) 11e Vittorino VERONESE, Président du Conseil Exécutif de M A. M. Klompe (Pays-lias) O. B. K r a f t ( D e n m a r k ) l'Unesco (Italie). G. K r a f t (Argentine) H. Lange (Norway) Secrétaire Général - Secretary-General : Prof. G. Langrod ( France) Georges Patrick SPEECKAERT, Docteur en droit. O. Leimgruber (Suisse) Ed. Lesoir (Belgique) R. P. L eve squ e (Canada) Ch. Malik (Liban) R. M i l l o t (France) Secrétariats Mme Morard (Suisse) M Moskowtiz (USA) Secrétariat Général - General Secrétariat : Prof. M Mosier (Germany) R. Murphy (USA) Palais d'Egmont, Bruxelles, tél. 11.83.93. F. M u u l s (Belgique) Lord Nathan of Churt (UK) Secrétariats régionaux - Regional Secretariats : Rt non Ph. Noël-Baker (UK) Allemagne : Herr Direktor K.-F. Schweig, A. Ording (Norway) Ehrenhof, 3. Düsseldorf, tél. 46 408. Lord Boyd Orr (UK) W. Oswald (Suisse) France : M, Ranson, 35, boulevard de la Répu- J. Pastore (Italie) blique, Saint-Cloud (S.-et-O.). K. Person (Sweden) B. Pickard (UK) Italie : M. F. Alberto Casadio, Palazzetto di P. Pires de Lima (Portugal) A. Proksch (Autriche) Venezia, Via S. Marco, 3, Roma. L Rosenberg ( Germany) Netherlands : Mr A. Cronheim, Burgemeester J. R u e f f ( F r a n c e ) Fr.-A. Schokking ( Pays-Bas ; de Monchy-plein, 14, Den Haag. M. Simon (France) Suisse : Me Raoul Lenz. 8. rue de la Rôtisse- G. Tessier (France) W. H. Tunk (USA) rie, Genève, tél. (022) 25.52.80/25.52.89. Baron F. van Ackere (Belgique) United Kingdom : Mr E. S. Tew, 91, Lyndhurst Jhr M. van der Goes van Naters (Netherlands) Gardens, Finchley. London N. 3: tel : G. N. Vansittart (UK) FIN 2354. M. van Zeeland (Belgique) P. van Zeeland (Belgique) USA : Mrs Julie d'Estournelles, c/o Woodrow W. von Cornides (Germany) Wilson Foundation, 45. East 65th Street, New H. von Brentano (Germany) York 21, N.Y. L. Wallenborn (Belgique) W. Watkins (UK) P. Wigny (Belgique).

ASSOCIATIONS INTERNATIONALES, 1957, N° 6 331 Pour être rapide et précis es structure et To be an authority on international structure coopération internationales ayes sous la main and co-operation you must have at hand the les publications de l' publications of the Union des Associations Internationales Union of International Associations

• Annuaire des Organisations Internationales • Yearbook of International Organizations 6e édition., en langue française, décrivant 1.116 orga- 6th edition, in French with full Englich subtitling, nisations en 1.266 pages. Prix : 500 FB; 3.500 FF; indexing and glossary, describes 1,116 organizations 43 FS ou équivalent. in 1,266 pages .Some copies of the 5th (1954/55) edition, which was in English, are still available. • Associations Internationales Price of each edition : $ 10 or 70/- sterling. revue mensuelle illustrée des organisations et réunions • International Associations internationales. 64 à 72 pages par mois, abonnement : monthly review of international organizations and 250 FB; 1.750 FF; 22 FS ou équivalent. meetings, 64 to 72 pages per issue. Annual subscription: $ 5 or 36/- sterling. • Supplément an Calendrier des Réunions internatio- • Calendar Supplement nales sept à dix pages par mois, miméographiées. Com- plète le calendrier contenu dans la revue, en ne don- nant que des informations non encore mentionnées dans celle-ci. Abonnement : 300 FB; 2.100 FF; 26 FS ou équivalent. Duplicated stop press service supplementing the calendar of forthcoming international meetings which • Les Organismes internationaux et l'Organisation appears in International Associations, 1 to 10 pages internationale. Bibliographie sélective per issue. Annual subscription : $ 6 or 42/- sterling. 116 pages. Prix : 100 FB; 700 FF; 8,75 FS ou équi- • International Institutions and International Organi- valent. zation - a select bibliography containing more than 780 entries; 116 pages. Price : • Documents pour servir à l'étude des relations inter- $ 2 or 14/- sterling. nationales non gouvernementales • Documents for the study of international non- une collection bon marché et de format de poche. governmental relations 7 brochures déjà parties, dont la liste sera envoyée a new series of attractively presented pocket-size sur demande. low-price publications, of which seven have already appeared; detailed list will be sent on application. Payer est facile Payment can be made : — Par l'envoi à notre adresse (Palais d'Egmont, Bru- — All you need do is send your order, with crossed selles) d'un chèque barré établi à l'ordre de l'Union cheque (made payable to Union of International des Associations Internationales Associations) to Union of International Associations — on en utilisant un des comptes suivants de l'Union des Palais d'Egmont, Brussels, Belgium Associations Internationales : — or if you wish to pay in sterling to E. S. Tew, 91, Lyndhurst Gardens, Finchley, London N 3. — Alternatively transfer can be made to one of the Union's accounts, namely.

à Bruxelles : Compte cheque postal n° 346.99.

Compte n° 16.694 à la Banque de la Société Générale de Belgique, 3, Montagne du Parc. in Düsseldorf : Konto-Nr 91097 der Deutsche Bank West, Königsallee 45/47 (Beschränkt konvertierbares DM- Konto) — Nach Runderlass des Deutschen Bundeswirtschaftsministeriums Nr. 23/53 können Abonnementsgebühren für den Bezug einer Zeitschrift im Postzahlungsverkehr unmittelbar in das Ausland überwiesen werden. 250 Frs B = DM 22.—

à Genève : Compte courant à l'Union de Banques Suisses. in New York : Account at the National City Bank, 55, Wall Street. à Paris : Compte n° 58567 à la Banque de l'Union Parisienne, boulevard Haussmann, 6-8 (c.c.p, n° 170-09). in The Hague : Rekening n° 785.330 at R. Mees & Zonen, 13, Knenterdijk.

ASSOCIATIONS INTERNATIONALES, 1957, N° 6 333 INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATIONS INTERNATIONALES

9E ANNÉE 6 9TH YEAR JUIN 1957 JUNE

SOMMAIRE CONTENTS

Influencing Public Opinion - Some modi operandi used by the World Association of World Federalist, by Ralph E Lombardi ...... 537 Congress phenomena, by Geneviève Devillé ..... 345

• Who went where ? ...... 352 • Il y a cinquante ans ...... 354 • Décisions intergouvernementales intéressant les ONG — Intergovernmental decisions of interest to NGOs . . . 355 • Bibliography - Bibliographie ...... 365 • Calendrier des réunions internationales annoncées (août 1957 - juin 1958) — List oj forthcoming international meetings (August 1957 - June 1958)...... 373

Monthly - Mensuel Methods and Experience»

The World Association of World Federalists nience only, for many persons and organs of differs from most international non-govern- public opinion belong to more than one sector mental organizations in that it has an ideological of opinion, and these sectors are woven into aim connected with the realization of world each other in a tangled web that is difficult to political reform. In order to achieve this aim. tear apart for inspection. the arousal of public interest in the idea of Now, what are these sectors of public opin- world federal government and in how it can he ion ? In a highly developed nation-state they achieved is probably the most important part can be considered as : 1) highly informed, of our work. But it is also the most difficult 2) informed, 3) slightly informed, and 4) unin- and complicated part. This article will attempt formed. Since most activities of World Federa- to describe the methods and techniques we use lists take place in highly developed states we to arouse public opinion many countries of the can, for convenience, limit our consideration to world. these states. (It can be mentioned here, howe- Public opinion is confusing and complicated, ver, that in less developed regions opinion beco- especially when one is dealing with countries mes easier to analyze ; in the most " primitive " of widely varying social structures. Modern situations opinion may be divided simply into society is so complex that it is almost impossible informed and uninformed). to speak of " public opinion ". To the political scientist it appears to be a vague amorphous Approaches to specific sectors mass of constantly shifting and changing pat- The topmost sector of opinion — the highly terns and crosspatterns. It is safer and easier informed group — is usually limited to a few therefore to speak of " sectors of public opin- persons " in the know " : presidents, prime ion ". That is, to divide public opinion into ministers, foreign ministers, and their confi- categories which are convenient for study and dants. World Federalists have found only two analysis but which do not always correspond effective ways of reaching this select group : to the existing reality. But it must be remem- individual personal contact and visits by delega- bered that these categories are used for conve- tions. Individual contact is seldom carefully

ASSOCIATIONS INTERNATIONALES, 1957, N° 6 337 Office if the Foreign Minister is the person being visited. Nevertheless it is difficult to evaluate the results of such a corporate visit although the delegation may include rather distinguished parliamentary leaders. Of course there are other ways of attempting to influence the thinking of government leaders. A letter to the Prime Minister or Foreign Minister, signed by well-known persons, and either private or published in the press, is frequently used. This usually evokes a kind but noncommittal answer. In general, we feel that this approach to statesmen is seldom adequate ; we prefer indirect techniques, such as developing a large membership organization (which may be recognized Mr. Ralph E. Lombardi. by politicians as representing power) or at- Secretary General, WAWF. tempting to secure approval of Federalist ideas Mr. Lombardi was born in Newark, New Jersey, U.S.A. by one of the major political parties. But nei- in 1924. He has received the degrees of B. S. (Seton ther of these ways has yet been completely real- Hall University, New Jersey) and M. A. (Fletcher ized by our movement. School of Law and Diplomacy, Tufts College-Harvard Informed opinion is easier to reach than University) and is a candidate for the degree of D. Phil, in international relations at Oxford University. highly informed opinion, but there are more He has been Instructor in Political Science at Seton persons to reach ! Informed opinion includes Hall University, Asst. Professor of History at Colorado other government officials, members of parlia- State College, and has also taught at the Ecole Normale ment, trade union leaders, business executives, d'Instituteurs at Bordeaux, France, and Oxford Uni- versity (extramural studies). He has also been Edu- editors of prominent journals, other influential cation Adviser for the U. S. Army in Germany and journalists (especially columnists), educators, Director of Information and Education for the U. S. prominent clergymen, leaders of other interest Air Force in Great Britain. He is the author of nu- groups, etc. One of the easiest ways we reach merous articles for American and British newspapers them is through the journals they read, for and magazines on international affairs and has had his own radio programs, as a commentator of the interna- they almost always read the same journals. To tional scene, on the B.B.C. North American Service do this, Federalists attempt to press their ideas and the Wereldomroep (Netherlands). He has been and proposals on the editors and chief writers Secretary General of the WAWF since February 1956. of these influential journals (by inviting them Mr. Lombardi has lived in Western Europe for the to meetings or press conferences, writing letters past 7 1/2 years, mostly in France, Germany, England, and Holland. to them, talking informally with them, etc.) and on their readers (by publication of letters planned it is usually the result of circumstances. to the press and articles). In those countries Among our forty - three national organizations where World Federalist organizations are fairly there are a few members who have easy access well established, such as Great Britain, the to the ears of their government leaders ; in one United States, Scandinavia, and Japan, active or two cases (such as Ghana) they are govern- Federalists can often say which newspapers and ment leaders, which simplifies the problem magazines are " federalist-inclined " and which considerably. Formal interviews with men who are not. direct national and foreign policy are rare and Another way of influencing informed opinion seldom have effective results. Visits by dele- is by direct contact. Brochures, leaflets, press gations of members of parliament are more releases, announcements, letters are sent by common, especially in Great Britain, and they Federalists to leaders of opinion. Memoranda have the additional advantage that a special of interviews with prominent persons are often memorandum summing up the purposes of the circulated within (and sometimes among) visit is usually circulated through the Foreign WAWF organizations. Perhaps the most suc-

338 INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATIONS, 1957, No 6 Conference of the World Association of World Federalists, Viet- nam Branch, July 1955, The audience. cessful method of bringing an informed person statesmen, professors of international law and into Federalist circles is to interest him in some organization, disarmament experts, international organizational activity which concerns his spe- lawyers, journalists, representatives of other cial field. There are two excellent ways we Ingos, etc. This Declaration was released to the have done this : one is to form a study of action international press and copies were sent to the group on the special field, and the other is to heads of all member governments of the United make up a public statement for release to the Nations and to the Secretary General of the press on the special subject. Both have been United Nations. While this campaign was going successfully used in the recent WAWF drive for on, the numerous articles in the press support- a permanent United Nations Police Force. ing the need for such a police force and men- Several of our organizations had little difficulty tioning its advocacy by other prominent persons in securing the cooperation of important persons testified to the increased interest in this pro- to study the subject (some of these persons were blem. experts in the problem, thus assuring high qual- Thus, leaders of informed opinion may them- ity commission work). Our British study com- selves become active Federalists or may prefer mission on the UN Police Force includes top- to give informal support to the Federalist cause. ranking military and naval chiefs, peers, and This can take the form of quiet donations, intro- military experts. Most of the members of this ductions, cooperation in joint organizational commission do not consider themselves as Fede- activities or joint publicity, and numerous other ralists but are happy to cooperate in such a vital ways. This is perhaps the most interesting and task. It is possible that their findings may important part of " pressure " work of any influence the thinking of the British Govern- interest group ( 1 ) . ment on this important question. Moreover Slightly informed opinion can best be descri- the WAWF Ingo Liaison Committee (containing one member in each country where the WAWF has a large organization) will circulate the find- (1) In the United States the term « pressure group » ings of this commission to other Ingos. Mean- is often used; in Great Britain « interest group » is while the WAWF international secretariat pre- more commonly preferred. The difference in termi- nology reflects, to a certain extent, the difference in pared a " Declaration for a Permanent UN the nature of the corresponding groups in these two Police Force " which was signed by prominent countries.

ASSOCIATIONS INTERNATIONALES, 1957, N° 6 339 bed by saying that it includes mainly the great the letterhead usually lists several local sponsors mass of newspaper readers who prefer the " in- who are well-known to the neighbourhood po- between journals " ; that is, those journals pulation. which are neither " distinguished " nor " scand- But the slightly informed sector of opinion is alous ''. Most newspaper and magazines nor- rather difficult to convince : if our ideas fit in mally fit in this classification. These persons closely with their own preconceived judgments want to know something about what is going or leanings they will be sympathetic : otherwise on in the world — but not too much perhaps ! it is difficult to move them in any direction. — but they also want to be amused and entert- ained. They discuss world affairs in public Uninformed opinion is probably the easiest to places or at private gatherings in a vague sort reach and to influence. Federalist organizations of way but they do not take it very seriously. with little money have sometimes been success- Sometimes they will belong to church groups, ful in reaching this large group through business groups, or other interest groups, but " publicity stunts " or dramatic and emotionally- they seldom become very active members. They persuasive speakers. Federalist organizations are the persons who may visit the polls on with some money prefer to reach them through election day if the weather is good or if a relat- large distribution of inexpensive " hand-outs " ive or close friend is running for office: other- or " throw-aways " (circulars). The essential wise they may just as well stay home and their characteristic of this group is intuition. It does consciences will not bother them very much. not read the newspapers, it scans them, and the This group is not difficult to reach. Direct newspapers it scans usually feature sensational contact is easy for many persons in this group news, comic strips, sports news, etc. It is more are met in public places, sports groups, clubs, highly influenced by photographs, drawings, cafés, etc. or through personal friends. Indirect films, and " stunts " that have a startling or contact is only slightly less easy ; this is deeply moving effect. This group is particul- achieved through publicity hand-outs, documen- tary films, radio broadcasts, and articles or (2) If advertisements carry the flavour of a « public advertisements in popular newspapers or service » they are sometimes carried by journals 2 without charge. Our American affiliate. United World magazines ( ). A technique sometimes used by Federalists, recently placed a two-column advertisement our local groups is to mail a large number of calling for a permanent UN Police Force in more than letters appealing for membership or donation : 85 newpapers distributed from coast to coast: some did not charge for the advertisement.

After the conference of the World Association of World Federalists, Vietnamese Brandt, July 1955.

340 INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATIONS, 1957, No 6 arly large in Asian and African countries where most World Federalists, but representatives of our organizations have found it easy to assemble other groups and organizations were also inter- large congresses with little publicity and prepar- ested in the subject, sometimes for different ation. Once the crowd in the streets knows reasons. Earlier our Danish organization, Een that a congress is in a nearby public hall, that Verden, held a meeting on the same topic, with admission is free, and that " important per- representatives of about fifty national non- sons" will be on the stage, they flock in to see governmental organizations and 300 local groups what is going on. An Asian or African congress — some 1,500 persons attended ! The principal of several thousand persons is often easier to speakers included the Prime Minister, the organise than a European or American meeting Speaker of the Lower House, many members of of several hundred — all that is required is an Parliament, the president of the Copenhagen impressive " front " and a large population in Municipal Council, and a Supreme Court Judge. the neighbourhood. At such meetings most of Two Danish United Nations delegates also atten- the audience may not be quite aware of what ded. As part of the preparations for the con- exactly is going on, but they enjoy the feeling ference, Een Verden arranged local meetings in of participating in something important ! And all its branches (its membership is over 10,000 they can be easily moved — to laughter, sor- in a nation of 3,000,000 people). When the row, or anger. But these feelings seldom last conference was over E. V.'s speakers toured the and they seldom become members of the organ- country, giving talks on the subject and urging ization. Nevertheless some national Federalist further study of the Congress resolutions. Prac- leaders insist on attempting to build a large tically all Danish newspapers gave front-page membership organization by concentrating on space and the Danish national radio system gave this group, for they feel that the " unlettered two half-hour broadcasts on the conference. mass " are human beings and have a right to Many local papers later gave space to the participate in democratic organizations. They reports given by delegates upon their return to also feel that such a large membership organ- their home communities. iation will carry more weight with the powers Our Japanese organization. Union for World that be. Federal Government, has used similar techniques Approaches to more than one sector of inviting affiliation from other organizations : the total membership of the U.W.F.G. is 10.000 So much for a general survey of the various and when the membership of its five affiliated approaches to different levels of public opinion organizations is included the number swells to as viewed by World Federalists. But there are 100,000 ! Japanese World Federalists have several methods of influencing opinion which found public opinion sympathetic because of can be used vis-à-vis more than one sector of the hatred of war caused by experience with opinion. One I have already dealt with : the atomic explosions. newspaper, especially the " Letters to the Editor " column. Another common method is The " climate of opinion " : all forces, cir- the cross-organizational grouping which may cumstances, experiences, attitudes, prejudices, take the form of a committee, a joint publicat- and prepossessions, which vary from country to ion, or a " circular letter ". Perhaps the most country, must always be considered when choos- brilliant examples of this technique can be ing forms of organization and techniques. The found among the experiences of British, Scan- adjustment of methods and techniques in dinavian, and Japanese World Federalists, public relations and publicity to fit the climate although World Federalists in other countries of opinion in each country requires detailed and have also used it to great advantage. A meeting intelligent planning. Suffice it to say that the held last year in London by Federal Union WAWF has had to retain its structure of a (our British affiliate) was attended by repres- " loose association " of independent national entatives of no less than 71 British non-govern- organizations mainly for this reason. Only our mental organizations, political parties, trade national organizations know well the techni- unions, church groups, etc. The subject of the ques that are necessary to reach their own meeting — Revision of the United Nations people, Charter — was one that is close to the heart of Hence public relations and publicity must bo

ASSOCIATIONS INTERNATIONALES, 1957, N° 6 341 handled carefully and discreetly by the inter- figures in the French Government participated national organization so as not to offend mem- in the Congress and an official reception was ber organizations. This rule applies not only given at the Quai d'Orsay by the Foreign Minis- to brochures, publications, articles, radio broad- ter — this gave World Federalists an unusual casts and other publicity that emanate from the opportunity to influence the thinking of the international organization, but also to all its French Government on world affairs. Almost other activities — international congresses, study 200 articles on the Congress appeared in French conferences., seminars, liaison with other Ingos, newspapers and weeklies of widely varying liaison with the UN and its Specialized Agen- readership. The French Radio also gave the cies, etc. Just to give one example : we must Congress some attention. The foreign press and take care that a speaker invited to one of our radio were less generous but this is understan- international congresses will he acceptable to dable for international congresses are seldom all of our national organizations. With an considered newsworthy abroad. organization that has many national branches this often presents problems ! The press and radio sometimes give attention to proposals or activities without realizing that Fortunately many such problems are solved they are Federalist-inspired. Occasionally mem- or avoided by our semi-annual Council meetings bers of Parliament submit legislation containing and quarterly Executive Committee meetings. Federalist suggestions : often this legislation Part of our Council is elected at Congresses but dies (as do most legislative proposals) but at our member organizations have the right to ap- times it is accepted and almost always it arouses point " branch representatives " ; in this way some attention, at least among informed circles. they are assured a more active voice in run- There is at present a motion in the British ning the organization. House of Commons for United Nations purchase International congresses have been convenien- of the Sinai Peninsula (or its rent on a long tly used by World Federalists to arouse more lease) which was sponsored by forth-nine M.P.'s than one sector of opinion, but effective results and initiated by I. J. Pitman, M.P. (Conserv- are usually obtained only in the country in ative) and Henry Usborne. M. P. (Labour). which the congress is being held. For example Both these gentlemen are leading figures in our at the Paris Congress of the WAWF in 1955 movement. The motion has received serious definite results were achieved vis-à-vis all sec- consideration in British and American news- tors of informed opinion (with the help of a papers and magazines. professional public relations expert). Leading Our movement has been instrumental in initi-

Luncheon in honour of visit of General Riiser-Larsen, President of WAWF, Trocadero, Sydney, NSW, Dec. 8th 1954. Shown are deft to right): Mr S. Klingenberg, Consul General for Norway; His Honour Mr. Justice McClemens (NSW Supreme Court), who proposed vote of thanks; Mrs. Hergel; General Larsen; H. N. Rhodes; Mrs. Dessau; Mr. F. H. Her- gel, chargé d'affaires, Danish Legation; Prof. Griffith Taylor. former Professor of Geography of Toronto and Sydney Universities; Mrs. Klin- genberg, World Association of World Federalists, New South Wales Division,

342 INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATIONS, 1957. No 6 ating and forming parliamentary groups for asked by the same Institute ; at that time only world federal government in many countries of 45 % voted " should "). the world. Large groups exist in the parliaments A regular publication, whether it is in the of Great Britain, Norway, Sweden, Denmark, form of a printed magazine, or a stencilled news- Italy. Japan and Brazil. The British Parlia- letter or bulletin, has proved to be a useful mentary Group for World Government numbers opinion stimulus. The WAWF and its member more than 175 M.P.'s of all parties, with a organizations are at present publishing about Conservative plurality ! twenty-five periodicals in many different lan- Another technique that has been tested and guages. A cheaply-produced periodical usually found to be useful is the public opinion poll. reaches a wider readership than an expensive, Polls have occasionally been run by our organ- glossy publication. Some of our member organizations but their propaganda value has been izations print or stencil thousands of copies greater when they have been run by established more than the figure of paid subscriptions so institutes of public opinion. The Gallup Poll that the periodical can be used as a " hand-out " has frequently included questions pertaining to or a "'throw-away". But even the more hand- World Federalist goals. The Canadian Institute some publications are not really expensive to of Public Opinion has just completed a new produce for contributors are not paid for their Gallup Poll which shows that most Canadians articles. Several of our magazines feature artic- think the United Nations should be given the les by prominent personalities, often of high power of a world government. Interviewers put standard and possibly even by professional this question to a carefully designed cross-section writers who contribute their services to the cause. of the Canadian public : " Do you think the Unit- ed Nations should or should not be strengthened Youth and Education to make it a world government, with power to World Federalists are particularly interested control the armed forces of all nations, includ- in stimulating the thinking of young people on ing Canada ? " 53 % answered " should ", 24 % world affairs, especially problems related to answered " should not ", and 23 % were not world peace and security, such as aid to under- certain. (In July, 1955, the same question was developed areas. The existence of a youth division, Young World Federalists, as a separate organization has permitted young Federalists to develop their own ideas and take initiatives with some feeling of responsibility. The WAWF gives financial and moral support to YWF but they are left completely independent and autonomous. Another advantage of this indepen- dence is that the youth organization can then carry on relations with other youth organizations on an equal footing. Member organizations of the WAWF and YWF have often received grants and subsidies from ministries of education, international organizations (e. g. UNESCO), and educational foundations for seminars, publications, and other activities. Several of our member organizations have been permitted by educational A lecture given by Dr. John Furbay, Imperial Hotel Theater, Tokyo, January 11, 1954. Left to right : Dr. John H. Fur- authorities to send lecturers to schools and uni- bay, Director of Air World Education TW A, New York; versities. This is the principal means by which Mr. Morikatsu Inagaki, Japan Branch of WAWF; M. Ichiro young people learn about Federalist ideas. The Narahashi, Chief, International Affairs Section, Civil whole object of the World Federalists' educa- Aeronautic Agency; Mr. Takeshi Arita, Chief, Promoting tional program is to " lift the conciousness " of Section, Tourist Ind. Div., Ministry of Transportation; Thomas B. Cavanaugh, Orient Sales Manager, TW A, Tokyo. people, to try to develop in them the habit of Dr. Furbay is a member of the WAWFs panel of flying " thinking globally ". lecturers who cover the globe. (Photo Nippon Times). ASSOCIATIONS INTERNATIONALES, 1957, N° 6 343 Our British affiliate, Federal Union, has its the present international impasse, ' Romanoff own foundation, the Federal Educational and and Juliet". They have also published regul- Research Trust, which is extremely active in arly an information bulletin, "Facts ", which promoting studies in the principles of internat- gives concise factual accounts of the working ional relations, international justice and supra- of international organizations and the problems national government and in education and they face, and visual wall sheets showing the dissemination of knowledge in such principles economic needs of underdeveloped regions for and objects. During the past year, this Trust distribution to shools, clubs and associations. has held : an international essay competition They have also begun the formation of the on " Amendment of the United Nations Char- Lionel Curtis Memorial Library for the collect- ter " with Mr. Trygve Lie, the Rt. Hon. Kenneth ion of books and materials relating to the Younger, former British Minister of State for Federalist idea. Foreign Affairs, a debating competition for All these are examples of useful educational sixth formers on proposals for changes in the techniques that are used by most member organ- United Nations with the Rt. Hon. Lord Bever- izations of the WAWF. But the most direct idse and Lord Birdwood as judges ; a confer- and effective " educational technique " is the ence for students from the less developed areas work of the teachers themselves ! Many World on "World Prosperity — Can we build it Federalists are teachers or university professors; together ? ", with Lord Boyd Orr, former in some cases they have been able to start World Director-General of the F. A. O. and Honorary Federalist groups in their own schools or President of the WAWF, and Mr. T. Swamin- universities ; in all cases their thinking on world athan, Economic Minister of the Indian High problems undoubtedly stimulates and affects the Commission in the U. K. ; a poster exhibition thinking of their students. This is the most on different World Federalist themes wich has difficult result of all to judge, but it is probably appeared in London Underground stations and the most valuable and vital of all our attempts will tour the principal cities of Great Britain ; to stimulate and arouse public opinion. If it a conference called " Building a World Comm- and the other activities of the WAWF are as unity ", in Manchester schools with the coop- effective as World Federalists hope, in years to eration of Manchester education authorities and come there may be no further need for the Manchester University ; and a reception for the existence of the World Association of World opening of Peter Ustinov's intriguing play on Federalists !

RESUME

Parmi les multiples organisations internationales non Le secteur « peu informé » de l'opinion publique est gouvernementales en activité, le Mouvement Universel accessible principalement par les « in-between journals » pour une Fédération Mondiale se distingue par la qui ne sont ni trop lettrés ni trop scandaleux, c'est-à- poursuite d'un but idéologique lié à une réforme po- dire la grosse masse de la presse. Ce groupe est facile litique mondiale. Aussi les méthodes de travail de à toucher, mais difficile à convaincre. l'Association se groupent-elles autour d'un levier majeur : influencer l'opinion publique. Enfin le dernier secteur, « non informé », est le plus Pour l'influencer, il faut la connaître. L'opinion pu- aisé à atteindre et à convaincre. Manœuvré surtout par blique en tant que telle n'existe pas. Il existe des secteurs l'intuition, il est sensible aux photos, dessins, films, d'opinion publique. Le WAWF en distingue quatre etc. On le trouve principalement en Asie et en Afrique. dans les pays sur-développés qui sont ceux où s'exerce Mais le Mouvement utilise également des méthodes principalement l'action des fédéralistes mondiaux : 1) propres à influencer à la fois plusieurs secteurs de très bien informé; 2) informé; 3) peu informé; 4) non informé. l'opinion : le journal et spécialement le « courrier des lecteurs », l'organisation de réunions, les publications, Le Mouvement développe des méthodes de travail les grands congrès internationaux, la radio, les enquê- spécifique à chacun de ces secteurs. Pour le premier tes d'opinion publique. Chaque association membre de ceux-ci qui comprend les président, premiers ministres, ministres des affaires étrangères et leurs confi- conserve an sein du WAWF une large autonomie afin de dents, deux méthodes seulement se sont montrées effi- pouvoir développer les méthodes de propagande les caces : le contact personnel et les visites par déléga- plus adaptées au tempérament et aux conjonctures nations. Dans le deuxième secteur, on trouve des membres tionales. Enfin, une action spéciale est assumée vis à vis du gouvernement, dirigeants syndicaux, hommes d'af- de la jeunesse par les «Jeunesses Fédéralistes Mondia- faires, etc. Tous ou presque lisent les mêmes jour les» qui constituent une section du Mouvement uni- naux. Il faut donc les toucher par ceux-ci. Un contact versel pour une Fédération mondiale. Leur but est direct par la constitution de groupes d'études ou d'action avant tout de développer chez les jeunes une habitude peut aussi donner d'excellents résultats. de penser mondialement. CONGRESS PHENOMENA

by Geneviève DEVILLE

Assistant Secretary-General of the Union of International Associations.

(TRANSLATION).

" Every year at holiday time congresses sud- direct or indirect, of a particular subject, after denly blossom forth in the sunshine of publi- having subdivised the work among commissions city ... " is what a journalist wrote no less than (which soon became autonomous) to the point fifty years ago. Nowadays people talk about where they were ignorant of the achievements the congress disease. So it is by no means of their next door neighbours, we are now re- new. verting, in some sectors, to a regrouping — with As readers will know, the microbe has been what difficulty — of the ultra-specialized scien- the subject of analyses and statistical studies by ces and branches of learning. In the following the Union of International Associations. The statistics, therefore, the term " international phenomenon has been followed particularly meeting " covers a multitude of flexible and closely in the last few years. varied techniques, adapted to the people and Taken as a whole the number of international subjects concerned. meetings is not tending to diminish. If an increase was noted for 1955 and 1956 in relation to previous years, it was mainly due to inter- GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION governmental meetings, the number of bodies A study made in 1954 of the geographical dis- in this sector having risen considerably. On tribution of congresses led to the conclusion the other hand it cannot be denied that restrict- that Europe was to a certain extent losing ed meetings of experts, scientists and represen- ground. Intergovernmental organizations' ef- tatives of the professions have become more and forts at promoting geographical extension, as more numerous : they have been made neces- well as non-governmental organizations', had sary by the development of inter and supra- led to sowing the first seeds of international national organization. The economies they co-operation in far away territories with the bring about, as well as the speed and efficiency holding of meetings of experts and even fully- with which they achieve results means that fledged congresses. Such efforts have in no way they are being used more and more by govern- been, abandoned. However, there is now a ments as much as by private organizations. new concentration of meetings in Europe. At In 1954 there were 302 congresses out of the the same time Asia has advanced considerably total of 1,084 international meetings. The pro- (in absolute numbers), North and South Ame- portion remained substantially the same in 1956, rica and Africa have fallen back, and Austral- with 321 (1) congresses out of 1.118 meetings asia shows a gain, probably temporary. (28 per cent). It would be difficult and indeed presump- The congress formula itself is evolving rapid- tuous to try to analyse the different reasons for ly. After abandoning the idea of large-scale this new distribution of international meetings. congresses bringing together all the devotees, If political circumstances have entered into play against Africa and South America, the res- urgence of the " European Idea " has favoured (1) Of this total no less than 79 were held during the the old continent. In fact, during the year 1956 month of September. ASSOCIATIONS INTERNATIONALES, 1957, N° 6 345 DISTRIBUTION BY CONTINENT OF INTERNATIONAL MEETINGS

Distribution by percentage.

1950 1954 1956

Europe . . . . . 80 70 74 North America . . 9 10 9.4 South and Central 5 10 8.2 America . . . . Africa . . . . . 1 2 1.7 Asia ...... 2 4 5.5 Australasia .... 0.9 0.8 1

Distribution in absolute figures.

346 INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATIONS, 1957, No 6 GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION OF INTERNATIONAL MEETINGS

North America Europe 1950 1951 1952 1953 1954 1955 1956 195 1951 1952 1953 1954 1955 1956 Canada ..... 170 4 14 14 24 15 9 Austria ..... 12 24 33 32 30 36 49 Hawaii ..... — — — — 3 — — Belgium . . . . 46 58 73 31 50 65 38 U.S.A...... 53 46 87 74 104 70 96 Bulgaria . . . . — — — — 1 1 4 Cyprus . . . . . — — — — — 1 — 70 50 101 88 131 85 105 Czechoslovakia 4 — 2 3 2 2 2 Africa Denmark . . 16 25 23 33 17 20 23 Finland . . . . . 8 1 13 7 8 9 10 Algeria ..... — 2 6 1 8 3 — France ..... 154 140 171 168 154 177 137 Germany . . . . 18 35 58 80 81 106 111 Angola ..... — — — 1 — 1 3 Greece ..... 1 4 8 6 4 8 3 Belgian Congo . 1 — 2 2 6 3 2 Holland . . . . 44 26 64 71 57 43 44 Br. Gambia ..... — — 2 — — — — Hungary .... 2 — 1 1 2 2 5 Cameroons .... — 1 — — — — 1 Ireland .... — — 1 4 1 3 1 Egypt ...... 2 1 — 1 — 1 1 Italy ...... 80 51 63 90 89 70 105 Fr. Equat. Africa . — — — — — — 2 Fr. West Africa . 1 3 3 5 2 2 — Luxemburg ..... 5 6 5 8 9 12 6 Malta ..... — 1 — 1 — — — Ghana ..... 1 — — 2 1 3 — Monaco . . . — — 4 4 4 2 2 Kenya ..... 1 1 — — 3 1 — Norway ...... 4 1 15 10 15 5 8 Liberia ..... — — 1 — — 1 — Poland ..... 2 — 1 3 3 2 1 Madagascar .... — — — 2 1 1 — Portugal .... 5 17 5 15 8 1 7 Morocco .... 1 1 — 1 2 1 — Roumania .... — — 2 5 1 — 1 Mozambique ... . — — 2 3 — 3 1 Saar ...... — 2 1 2 1 7 1 Nigeria ..... — — — 1 1 3 — Spain ..... 9 12 27 25 18 15 26 Rhodesia .... — — 1 1 1 1 3 Sweden ..... 25 21 25 26 13 20 24 Somaliland ..... — — — 1 — — — Switzerland ...... 79 61 82 105 113 134 126 Tangiers .... — — — — — 1 2 U.K...... 72 69 85 77 84 93 76 Tunisia ..... — 1 — 2 — 1 2 U.S.S.R. .... — 1 1 — 4 5 5 Uganda ..... — — — 1 — 2 1 Yugoslavia ..... — 4 — 7 9 10 13 Union of South Afr. 2 2 — — 2 — 1 586 565 763 864 768 850 828 9 12 17 24 27 28 19

South and Central Asia America Burma ..... — — 1 1 1 1 — Argentina .... 8 4 10 6 5 4 4 Ceylon ..... — — 2 2 5 3 4 Bolivia ..... — 1 — — 1 — 1 China ...... — 1 1 — 1 — 1 Brazil ..... 5 6 10 15 51 14 8 India ..... 12 16 19 13 10 13 19 Br. Guiana . . . — — — — — — 1 Indonesia .... 1 2 — 2 1 5 3 Chile ..... 2 2 4 4 9 4 13 Iran ...... 1 1 — — — 2 1 Colombia .... — — — — 1 6 3 Irak ...... — — — — 1 — — Costa Rica . . . — — 1 1 2 2 5 Israel ..... — 2 2 5 6 4 5 Cuba ..... 2 3 8 10 2 3 10 Japan ..... — 2 2 7 7 17 9 Curacao .... 3 — — — — — — Lebanon .... — 2 — — 2 1 3 Dominican Rep. .... 5 — 2 1 — — 6 Malaya ..... — — — — — 2 — Ecuador .... 1 1 — 1 1 — — Nepal . . — — — — — — 1 Fr. Guiana . . . — — — — — — 1 Pakistan .... — 3 — — 1 1 2 Guatemala .... — — 2 3 1 2 2 Philippines .... — 1 3 2 1 6 1 Haiti ..... — — 1 — 2 — — Singapore .... — — — — 2 3 Honduras .... — — — — 1 1 1 Syria ..... — — — — 1 — 2 Jamaica .... — — 3 — 1 2 — Thailand .... — — 3 2 1 2 5 Mexico ..... 3 15 16 5 9 15 19 Turkey ..... 2 3 4 7 7 16 6 Nicaragua .... — 1 — — — — — 16 33 37 40 47 78 62 Panama .... — — 3 1 3 3 2 Paraguay ...... — — — 1 — — — Australasia Peru ...... 3 6 2 3 1 5 5 Puerto Rico . . . — — 2 1 2 5 1 Australia .... 4 2 7 1 3 3 9 Salvador .... — — — — 1 — — New Caledonia . . 2 2 2 6 3 1 2 Uruguay .... 4 8 1 3 3 2 2 New Zealand ..... 1 — 1 2 — — 1 Venezuela . — 1 2 3 6 10 3 7 4 10 9 6 4 12 W. Indies .... — 3 1 2 3 3 5 TOTALS . . . 724 715 996 1085 1084 1126 1118 36 51 68 60 105 81 92 ASSOCIATIONS INTERNATIONALES, 1957, N° 6 347 there were 371 regional meetings, i.e. limited as With 105 meetings Italy was slightly above regards participation and aims to a fixed geo- the general average maintained since its great graphical area, and of this total 132 meetings success in 1950 (Holy Year), balancing out the were European. three leaner years of 1951, 1952 and 1955. Here is the 1956 distribution : Distances are becoming shorter, thanks to modern technique, but all the same they are Regional Meetings still there. The all-powerful USA suffer on account of their separation from vital centre which Europe still constitutes. Behind the UK European ...... 132 in 1955 and behind Italy in 1956, they only take Mediterranean ...... 9 fifth place. If we bear in mind that of 96 meet- Scandinavian ...... 9 ings held in the USA in 1956 fifty were inter Pan or Inter-American ...... 50 or pan-American, the figure of 46 international Ibero or Latin-American ...... 16 meetings, including the principal United Na- Asian ...... 23 tions one, is very low for a country with such African ...... 11 Others ...... 16 indisputable strength in the international political and economic fields. From reaching a maximum in 1955 the UK dropped to a minimum in 1956. Having held " Economic, political, touristic and technologic- second place, after France, up to 1953, she has al factors combine to develop a " vogue " for subsequently been overtaken by Switzerland, particular countries or particular capitals. So- USA, Germany and Italy. metimes, also, the choice of a given town by an organization with many members is sufficient In 1953 Belgium took fourth place, with to attract a series of satellite meetings. 81 meetings; hut in 1956 with only 38 meetings Having immediately taken first place, by 1950 she came 9th. This very marked decline, espe- France was absorbing the untenable proportion cially from 1955 to 1956, is doubtless mainly- of 21 per cent of the total number of inter- due to the proximity of the great Universal national meetings organized in the world. Na- Exhibition of 1958, on account of which many turally this proportion diminished during the congress organizers have already fixed upon following years, although the absolute figure Brussels for their activities that year. was fairly well maintained, reaching a peak With an expansion parallelling that of Ger- in 1955 (177). However, in 1956 a reduction many, Austria, thanks to favourable political of 40 meetings compared with the previous year and touristic circumstances, is coming more and brought France down towards the level of its more into favour, and in 1956 preceded Holland formerly largely outdistanced competitor, Swit- and Belgium. zerland. The latter, which has held second place only since 1953, shows quite a consistent Outside Europe and North America it is in rate of increase, on which the presence of the some countries of Asia and Latin America that European Office of the United Nations and the principal indications of international vital- several specialized agencies certainly have a ity are to be found : India and Japan in Asia, bearing. Brazil, Mexico and Chile in Central and South America. We must not deceive ourselves, how- If in this field we could talk about perform- ever; many inter-governmental meetings are im- ance the first prize would certainly have to be ported into national substrata as yet hardly given to Germany : 18 meetings in 1950, 111 in ready for them; others, however, have in such 1956, taking third place, ahead of the USA and areas excited a stir which the disillusioned pu- the United Kingdom. It must be admitted that, blic of western capitals would be far from while at a disadvantage from more than one developing. The care and enthusiasm devoted point of view, Germany is one of the few to the preparation of international efforts in countries to have persevered systematically with these new countries might well revive in the a policy of welcome to international meetings. blasé congress-goer the true concept of inter- Its success cannot be denied. national co-operation, ever to be built up.

348 INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATIONS, 1957, No 6 CONGRESSES IN 1956 — THE "BIG EIGHT"

Trends in number of congresses held in these countries from 1950 to 1956.

ASSOCIATIONS INTERNATIONALES, 1957, N° 6 349 IDEOLOGICAL DISTRIBUTION achievements of new techniques for ensuring greater efficienty of international work. Here Although new methods, new subjects and also the most thought is given to organizational even new branches of learning are continually questions and to the efficiency of meetings, and appearing, the major categories previously adopted still seem to describe fairly adequately here we meet the extremes of compartmental- the varied facets of the prism of international ization as well as regrouping into new co-operation. wholes. Education and youth, after reaching a high point in 1952, remains a field which the If a larger number of meetings come under appropriate specialist organizations are const- the heading of commerce and industry from 1955 onwards — slightly more than 10 per cent antly studying. Agricultural problems have — science and technology remains the most acquired new importance during the last two popular field. Medicine, as a special branch of years, and have overtaken labour, which in 1955 science, shows continuous progress. Thus in still involved 7.7 per cent of the total number 1956 28 per cent of international meetings re- of meetings. If the « peace and international volve around scientific and technological pro- relations » chapter is growing in size on account blems, an essential preoccupation of the modern of the number of meetings arising out of more world. It is here that the most varied types of intensive regional co-operation, particulary in meetings are to be found, as well as the boldest Europe, it is certainly losing the ideological

IDEOLOGICAL DISTRIBUTION OF INTERNATIONAL MEETINGS. 1950 1951 1952 1953 1954 1955 1956 Documentation , Press ...... 16 10 17 32 13 22 14 Philosophy, Religion, Moral Improvement .... 48 46 70 82 80 77 76 Social and Political Sciences ...... 9 13 26 53 36 46 45 Peace, International Relations, Regional Co-operation 26 26 55 67 56 87 79 Law, Administration ...... 26 19 23 32 43 25 33 Relief, Migration, Social Service ...... 29 32 48 34 49 41 41 Professions. Labour, Trade Unions ...... 64 60 86 79 90 89 69 Politics ...... 15 15 31 47 18 15 14 Economics, Finance ...... 20 36 52 35 43 34 29 Industry, Commerce ..... 44 39 53 87 77 123 124 Agriculture, Fisheries ...... 30 27 47 58 37 63 73 Transport, Radio, Television ...... 29 32 57 45 40 53 61 Science, Technology ...... 103 110 125 119 189 158 166 Health, Medicine, Food . . 78 80 101 120 140 159 154 Education, Youth, Family 83 75 155 116 110 93 86 Arts, Literature, Culture, Cinema . . 41 43 33 59 47 30 32 Sport , Touring ...... 16 33 37 35 31 40 34 Miscellaneous ...... 48 26 16 6 13 — — TOTALS ...... — — — — — — — 725 722 1,032 1,106 1,112 1,155 1,130

N. B. The difference between the figure of 1,118 meetings given in the geographical table and the 1,130 given in the ideological table arises from the fact that in some cases the place of meetings was not indicated (e.g. itinerant events).

350 INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATIONS, 1957, No 6 Trends of International Meetings from 1950 to 1956 in the four largest fields.

Industry, Commerce Education, Youth, Family content of the immediate postwar years. The hierarchy of values in the sphere of internation- aims have changed and some have been achiev- al meetings is the same as that of the permanent ed. Problems of moral and religious develop- structure as it appears from the latest edition ment still have an important place in the inter- of the Yearbook of International Organizations, national field, and in 1955 a sustained interest recently published, which was analysed in de- in the fight against alcoholism is to be noted. tail in the April issue of " International Asso- With little modification, as is natural, the ciations ".

These statistics have been drawn up on the basis of card indexes maintained at the Union of International Associations headquarters which are used in compiling the two calendars published by the UIA : the one which appears at the end of each issue of « International Associations », and the duplicated « Calendar Supplement » which is distributed a fortnight after the magazine closes for press. This supplement includes announcements of meetings to be held in the distant future, sometimes even four or five years ahead. The UIA card indexes constitute the only record of all known international meetings held since 1840.

NOTE Le texte de cet article a paru en français dans le numéro de mars 1957, pp. 145-151.

ASSOCIATIONS INTERNATIONALES, 1957, N° 6 351 Who Went Where ?

On trouvera ci-dessous quelques indications sur le Attendance figures for some recent international nombre de participants à des réunions internationales meetings are given below. The list does not claim to récentes. Cette liste n'est pas complète. Dans notre nu- be complete. The previous schedule, covering the months méro de février 1957 ont été publiées les informations July, August and September 1956, appeared in the concernant les mois de juillet, août et septembre. Les February 1957 issue. Organizers are invited to send organisateurs de congrès sont invites à transmettre au appropriate details to UAI Documentation Centre, Pa- Centre de documentation de l'UAI à Bruxelles, après lais d'Egmont, Brussels, after their meetings, together la tenue du congrès, les informations statistiques à ce with particulars of arrangements that may have been sujet en même temps que les renseignements concer- decided upon for future events. nant la tenue des prochaines réunions.

Meeting Place Number of Number of participants countries represented

October 1956

Int Union of National Associations of Hotel, Restaurant and Café Keepers ...... Cologne (Germany) 200 — Int Conference on Textile Quality and Labelling ... Gothenburg (Sweden) 300 17 Ind Study Week on Technique of Road Circulation Stresa (Italy) 600 32 Catholic Jurists — 2nd Int Congress .... Rome — 23 Int Music Council ...... Paris 60 17 Council of European Municipalities — 3rd session Frankfurt (Germany) 1000 9 Scandinavian Public Transport — 8th congress Stockholm 700 5 Catholic Organizations of Small and Medium Enterprises Rome 1200 - int meeting ...... - European Broadcasting Union — General Assembly . Aix-en-Provence (France) 130 21 European Railways Passenger Time-Table conference . Lisbon 400 23 European Federation of National Associations of Engineers Zurich (Switzerland) 200 9 - 2nd congress ...... European Transport Ministers — 5th congress .... Munich (Germany) — 17 Union of Int Fairs — 23rd congress ...... Vienna 77 17 World Eucalyptus Conference ...... Rome 90 26 Commission for Technical Co-operation in Africa South Kampala 55 10 of the Sahara — Conference on juvenile delinquency . Int Union of Official Travel Organizations — 11th congress Vienna — 55 Asian Regional Conference of Scouts and Guides New Delhi — 10 Electron Microscopy — 1st regional conference in Asia and Tokyo 150 9 Oceania Inter-American Press Association — 12th general assembly Havana 250 - Int Peasant Union — 5th congress ...... Paris 350 12 Int Theatre Institute — World conference ..... Bombay (India) 65 20 Organizations of Family Case Workers — 2nd int conference Oxford (UK) 200 15

352 INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATIONS, 1957, No 6 Meeting Place Number of Number of participants countries represented

November 1956

Asian Socialist Conference — 2nd congress . . . Bombay (India) 100 9 Social Security Actuaries and Statisticians — 1st int conference ...... Brussels 232 32 Conference of Co-operative Public Relations Officers London 40 12 Federal Education and Research Trust — Int conference London 100 20 Int Sugar Conference ...... Geneva — 62 Scientific Management — 1st pan-american conference Santiago 600 — Int Rice Commission — 5th session ...... Calcutta (India) — 16 World's YWCA — Seminar ...... New Delhi 84 13 Florence Nightingale Int Foundation — Conference Sevres (France) 38 22 Interparliamentary Union — 45th annual plenary conference Bangkok 220 39 World Buddhist Congress — 4th ...... Katmandu 400 42 Permanent Int Association of Road Congresses .... Paris 47 — Int Hotel Association — 8th congress ...... Washington DC 600 33 Industrial Chemistry — Congresses, conference and technical Paris 6000 19 meetings ...... NATO Members of Parliament — 2nd conference . Paris 200 15 Socialist Int Council meeting ...... Copenhagen 50 19 December 1956

Nordic White-Collar Workers Conference . Oslo 100 4 World YMCA — 4th Asian leaders conference . . . Hong Kong 80 12 Conference of Asian Writers ...... New Delhi 200 25 January 1957

Int Catholic Child Bureau — African conference . Yaounde (Cameroons) 320 15 Int Catholic Film Office — General council . Havana 144 29 Int Union against Tuberculosis — 14th int conference New Delhi 875 62 Geneva Zones — 2nd int conference on protection of civilian Florence (Italy) — 18 populations ...... Int Meeting on Self-Service in Retailing . . . . . Stockholm 30 12 Standards — 3rd Commonwealth conference . New Delhi 125 6 VHF Radiotelephone Conference ...... The Hague 83 14 Int Auschwitz Committee — Meeting ...... Auschwitz (Poland) 60 17 Int Broadcasting Organization — Conference . Berlin 26 10

ASSOCIATIONS INTERNATIONALES, 1957, N° 6 353 avait eu pour principal objet le désarmement et l'arbitrage, la seconde Conférence, conçue par les Etats-Unis après la saisie des blés d'Amérique à destination du Japon, a pour objet principal la jurisprudence de la guerre maritime » (La Re- vue de Paris). Parmi les conventions signées lors de la Con- Quatre organisations internationales nou- férence, l'une a trait à l'établissement d'une velles, 16 conférences et congrès internationaux : Cour internationale des Prises. Auparavant les tel est le bilan du mois de juin 1907. Les con- tribunaux nationaux des prises, organisés par les grès se répartissent dans les villes suivantes : 3 gouvernements des pays auxquels appartenaient à Bruxelles, 3 à Londres, 2 à Paris, 2 à Anvers et les capteurs méritaient assez fréquemment le 1 dans chacune des villes suivantes : Stettin, La reproche de partialité. C'est pour remédier à cet Haye, Munich, St-Claude, Bordeaux, Nurem- état de choses que la Conférence crée une instan- berg. Citons en quelques-uns. ce d'appel en y désignant les juges pour une période de 6 ans. Le 10 juin est inaugurée la 5e assemblée de l'Union internationale des stations électriques à Du 17 au 19 juin, l'Institut Colonial inter- e Stettin. L'Union fondée en 1892, groupe à ce national tient à Bruxelles sa 10 session. A l'or- moment 315 membres représentant un capital de dre du jour de ses travaux figurent notamment : 1 milliard 125 millions de francs belges. le recrutement et la formation des fonctionnaires coloniaux, l'enseignement colonial, les diffé- La T Conférence internationale de la Croix- rents systèmes d'irrigation aux colonies, la cons- Rouge se réunit du 10 au 15 juin à Londres. titution et l'organisation du capital aux colonies, Le 15 juin 1907 dans la salle des Chevaliers à l'assistance internationale au point de vue du La Haye, s'ouvre la deuxième Conférence inter- maintien de l'ordre, l'utilisation des organis- nationale de la Paix à laquelle participent 45 mes politiques indigènes pour l'administration Etats. Proposée par le Président des Etats-Unis des colonies intertropicales. et convoquée par la Reine des Pays-Bas à l'in- Munich accueille du 19 au 21 juin la 11e ses- vitation du Tsar de Russie, elle a pour mission sion de la Ligue Internationale des Associations « de donner un développement nouveau aux de Touristes, ancêtre de l'Alliance Internationale principes humanitaires qui ont servi de base à de Tourisme. l'œuvre de la première Conférence de 1899 ». e Dans une série de réunions qui se succèdent jus- Le 4 Congrès international de la pêche, an qu'au 18 octobre, la Conférence arrête, pour cours duquel est constitué l'Institut internatio- être soumis à la signature des plénipotentiaires, nal de Documentation pour la Pêche se tient à 13 conventions et une déclaration (relative à l'in- Anvers les 24 et 25 juin. Un vœu y est émis en terdiction de lancer des projectiles et des explo- faveur de la création d'une « Fédération inter- sifs du haut de ballons). La Conférence est una- nationale contre la pollution des eaux ». nime à proclamer que... « les divergences d'opi- Les relieurs s'étaient déjà réunis en congrès nion qui se sont manifestées n'ont pas dépassé international à Berlin en 1905. Lors du 2e con- les limites d'une controverse juridique, et que, grès des 30 juin et 1er juillet 1907 à Nuremberg, en travaillant ici ensemble pendant quatre mois, la Fédération Internationale des Relieurs est toutes les Puissances du monde, non seulement constituée par les délégations de sept pays euro- ont appris à se comprendre et à se rapprocher péens. davantage, mais ont su dégager, au cours de cette collaboration, un sentiment très élevé du Au mois de juin également, à l'initiative de bien commun de l'humanité » (Extraits de l'acte plusieurs groupes dirigeant les nombreuses as- final). « Tandis que la première Conférence, sociations établies alors en Belgique, est créé à conçue par le Tsar sous le poids des armements Bruxelles l'Office Central des Institutions Inter- excessifs dans l'accablement de la paix armée nationales. Celui-ci deviendra, en 1910, l'Union des Associations Internationales.

854 INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATIONS, 1957, No 6 I. United Nations (UN) - Nations Unies

11e Session de l'Assemblée générale. du budget de l'Organisation des N. environs du 15 mai pour rédiger U. pour l'année 1956 et l'ouverture son rapport qui sera rendu public à Parmi les décisions prises par d'un crédit de 50.815.700 dollars la fin du mois de mai. En tout 62 e l'Assemblée générale lors de sa 11 pour l'exercice 195 7. réunions ont été tenues par le Co- session ordinaire (12 nov. 1956 - 8 — l'approbation d'un programme de mité qui a entendu 111 témoins : 35 mars 1957), nous signalerons : modernisation du Palais des Na- à New-York, 30 à Vienne, 21 à Ge- — l'admission du Soudan, du Ma- tions à Genève. nève, 16 à Rome et 9 à Londres. roc, de la Tunisie, du Japon, et, en On sait que le Comité est composé date du 8 mars, de l'Etat de Ghana, Force internationale. des représentants de l'Australie, de qui devient ainsi le 81e membre L'Assemblée générale, au cours Ceylan, du Danemark, de la Tunisie des N. U. d'une session extraordinaire, en date et de l'Uruguay. Le Président est — une résolution adoptée par 62 du 3 novembre 1956, a adop- Mr. Henderen (Danemark) et le voix contre zéro et une abstention té une résolution créant un Com- rapporteur Mr. Shamm (Australie). invitant tous les Etats à favoriser mandement des Nations Unies pour une plus ample coopération interna- une Force internationale d'urgence Assistance technique. tionale dans les domaines de la cul- chargée d'assurer et de surveiller la Le Comité de l'assistance techni- ture et de la science. cessation des hostilités dans le que du Conseil économique et so- — la décision de convoquer en mars Moyen Orient, conformément aux cial a approuvé le programme élargi 1958 une conférence internationale dispositions de la résolution adop- de l'assistance technique pour 1957, afin d'examiner le droit de la mer tée par l'Assemblée générale du 2 tel qu'il a été élaboré par le Bureau du point de vue juridique, techni- novembre. Le Général E. L. L. de l'assistance technique, et il a au- que, biologique, économique et po- Burns a été nommé Chef du Com- torisé des dépenses équivalant à litique. mandement. L'utilisation de cette 30.127.000 dollars. De plus, une Force d'urgence des Nations Unies — une résolution de compromis au somme maximum de 1.825.000 dol- sujet de la création d'un Fonds spé- (FUNU) est une opération sans pré- lars a été réservée aux dépenses du cial des N. U. pour le développe- cédent dans l'histoire des Nations secrétariat du Bureau de l'assistan- ment économique (Sunfed). Unies. ce technique et de ses bureaux ré- — une recommandation demandant Hongrie. gionaux. Voici les plus importantes aux Etats membres de faire en sorte allocations budgétaires décidées par que soit approuvé l'accord instituant Le Comité de cinq membres créé le Comité : Administration de l'as- l'Organisation de Coopération Com- par l'Assemblée générale pour étu- sistance technique des Nations Unies, merciale. dier la situation en Hongrie, a ter- 6.562.000 dollars ; Organisation des miné ses auditions le 16 avril à Ge- Nations Unies pour l'alimentation et - la fixation à 50.683.350 dollars nève et se rendra à New-York aux l'agriculture, 8.252.000 dollars; Or-

ASSOCIATIONS INTERNATIONALES. 1957, N° 6 355 ganisation mondiale de la santé, C'est la candidature de Genève qui Palais des Nations at Geneva. The 5.405.900 dollars ; Organisation des a retenu tous les suffrages. Le Co- building, completed in 1937 for the Nations Unies pour l'éducation, la mité a décidé que la procédure d'or- League of Nations houses the United science et la culture, 4.667.600 dol- ganisation de celte conférence serait Nations European Office and the lars. analogue à celle suivie en 1955. Les World Health Organization. A letter from Switzerland's permanent obser- Statut consultatif. stands d'exposition présentés sous l'égide de la conférence de 1958 se- ver, Agostino Soldali, to the Secreta- ry-General stated that his govern- Le Conseil Economique et Social, ront réservés aux seuls gouvernement would lend 4 million Swiss lors de sa 23e session ( New York, 16 ments participants. Ils devront être francs, interest-free and repayable in avril - 2 mai 1957) a décidé : consacrés aux questions scientifiques dont s'occupera la conférence. six years, beginning in 1960. — d'accorder le statut consultatif La préparation de la première confé- de la catégorie B à la Commission rence de 1955 avait constitué une internationale des juristes; charge extrêmement lourde pour le Social Survey. — d'inscrire au registre le Comité secrétariat en raison du peu de d'études économiques de l'industrie temps qu'il avait devant lui avant la A general picture of social progress du gaz, le Bureau européen de la réunion de cette conférence. Au- throughout the world is contained in jeunesse et de l'enfance et la Fédé- jourd'hui, au contraire, on dispose a 460-page Report on the World So- ration internationale des industries de beaucoup plus de temps pour la cial Situation prepared by the Unit- textiles et cotonnières et connexes ; mise au point de la 2e conférence ed Nations Secretariat, in coopera- — d'examiner en 1958 la demande qui, de l'avis des experts, revêtira tion with the International Labor d'admission au statut consultatif de une importance beaucoup plus gran- Office, the Food and Agriculture la catégorie B présentée par la Con- de que la première. Organization, the United Nations fédération internationale des cadres Educational, Scientific and Cultural fonctionnaires. Les femmes et la jonction Organization, and the World Health Organization. En ce qui concerne les organisa- internationale. tions nationales non gouvernementales, le Conseil a décidé d'inscrire Convention unique an registre l'American Foreign In- Au siège des Nations Unies à New- surance Association ( Etats-Unis ). York, le nombre de membres du sur les stupéfiants. personnel ordinaire du Secrétariat ( à l'exclusion des travailleurs ma- e Développement communautaire. Au cours de sa 12 session, en mai nuels) est de 2.661. Parmi ces fonc- dernier, la Commission des stupé- tionnaires, on compte 1.111 femmes, Le 20 mai la Commission des fiants a commencé l'examen du pro- dont 226 font partie du personnel Questions sociales, au cours de sa jet de Convention «nique sur les dit « professionnel », catégorie située 11* session, a adopté à l'unanimité stupéfiants qui doit réunir en un entre celle des services généraux une résolution relative au dévelop- seul instrument les dispositions de pement communautaire. Il s'agit de d'une part et les directeurs d'autre traités internationaux et prévoir un la collaboration des populations et part. meilleur système de contrôle. des autorités en vue de l'améliora- tion des conditions économiques, Salle de méditation. sociales et culturelles dans les col- Droits de l'homme et ONG. lectivités locales. Par sa résolution, Le Comité des « Amis de la salle e la Commission a recommandé au de méditation des Nations Unies » a Le 11 avril, au cours de sa 13 Conseil Economique et Social de remis à M. Dag Hammarskjold, se- session, la Commission des droits noter que le mouvement du dévelop- crétaire général, un chèque de 12.600 de l'homme a prié sa Sous-Commis- pement communautaire est considè- dollars représentant les contributions sion de la lutte contre les mesures re de plus en plus comme un élé- de personnes privées en vue d'une discriminatoires et de la protection ment essentiel de l'action nationale nouvelle décoration et de l'agran- des minorités de réexaminer l'oppor- et internationale visant à favoriser tunité d'organiser en 1958 une nou- le progrès économique et social, en ment de la salle de méditation du siège des Nations Unies à New York. velle conférence des organisations particulier dans les régions sous dé- non gouvernementales qui s'intéres- veloppées. Le président honoraire de ce Comi- té — qui compte verser au total sent à l'élimination des préjugés et 15.000 dollars — est M. Warren R. de la discrimination; la sous-commis- e 2 Conférence atomique. Austin, ancien chef de la délégation sion a été invitée à faire rapport à des Etals-Unis auprès des Nations ce sujet à la prochaine session de Le Comité consultatif sur l'utili- la Commission, l'année prochaine. sation pacifique de l'énergie atomi- Unies. La salle de méditation a déjà été agrandie mais sa nouvelle déco- Certains membres de la Commission que a proposé de tenir à Genève du avaient exprimé des doutes au sujet er ration n'est pas encore terminée. 1 au 13 septembre 1957 une seconde l'opportunité de la nouvelle con- de Conférence atomique. férence. La Commission a estimé Les invitations des villes d'Am- European Office. qu'avant de fixer une date pour cette sterdam, de Chicago et de Genève réunion internationale, l'ordre du ont été examinées en mai dernier. Switzerland has informed the Unit- jour et les méthodes de travail de ed Nations that it is prepared to celle dernière devraient être l'objet help finance modernisation of the d'un nouvel examen.

356 INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATIONS, 1957, No 6 Commission Economique crétaire exécutif de la Commission ridiques dans lesquels on peut créer économique des Nations Unies pour un fonds spécial, rédiger ses statuts pour l'Europe. l'Europe a donné sa démission. Lors- et indiquer les types de projets qui qu'il quittera les Nations Unies vers pourraient trouver place dans les Au cours de sa 12e session (29 le mois de juillet prochain, il diri- programmes d'opération du Fonds. Le avril - 15 mai 1957), la CEE a adop- gera une étude économique sur les rapport sera soumis à la prochaine té une résolution déclarant que ses pays du Sud-Est de l'Asie, à la de- session du Conseil Economique et organismes actuels sont qualifiés mande de la « Twentieth Century- Social, cet été, et à la 12e session pour examiner les propositions de Fund », de New-York. Mr. Sakari de l'Assemblée générale, en automne l'URSS en vue d'une coopération Tuomiojo, né en 1911. ancien pre- prochain. économique pan-européenne. Elle a mier ministre de Finlande, lui succé- noté avec satisfaction le développe- dera à la CEE. Note. ment des contacts Est-Ouest en 1956. En ce qui concerne la proposition SUNFED. Pour la rédaction de cette chroni- de l'URSS tendant à la création, que, nous nous sommes largement dans le cadre de la Commission, d'un Le Comité ad hoc pour un Fonds servis de l'excellente publication que organisme s'occupant plus spéciale- spécial des Nations Unies pour le constitue « La Lettre hebdomadaire ment de l'énergie nucléaire, la Com- développement économique (Sunfed) des Nations Unies » rédigée par le mission a décidé de remettre a plus a, au cours d'une session de neuf Bureau de la Presse et des Publica- tard l'examen de la question. semaines, qui s'est terminée le 22 tions du Département de l'Informa- Mr. Gunnar Myrdal ( Suède ), se- mai, défini les différents cadres ju- tion des Nations Unies.

II. Specialized Agencies - Institutions Spécialisées

Commission of the Churches for International Affairs. League of Red Cross Societies. International Commission against Concentration Camp Practices. International Union for Child Wel- Législation. fare. En effet, en 1957, 1.234 rapports Au cours des trente dernières an- sur les conventions ratifiées ont été European Confederation of Agricul- nées, c'est-à-dire de 1927 à 1957, le fournis par 58 pays ; d'autre part, ture. nombre des ratifications de conven- l'application des conventions dans International Committee of Catho- tions internationales du travail à les territoires non métropolitains a lic Nurses and Medico-Social Wor- passé de 229 à 1.669, constate la fait l'objet d'un total de 3.070 rap- kers. Commission d'experts de l'Organisa- ports; enfin, la Commission a été sai- Anti-Slavery Society. tion internationale du Travail pour sie de 170 rapports relatifs à certai- l'application des conventions et re- nes conventions non ratifiées et à International Cargo Handling Co- commandations, qui vient de termi- certaines recommandations. ordination Association. ner à Genève les travaux de sa 27e International Association for Social session. Progress. L'augmentation du nombre des ra- Special List of NGOs. International Organization for Stan- tifications constitue un développe- dardization. ment impressionnant, tant en ce qui As of 1 April 1957, the following concerne la législation du travail que Women's International League for les obligations assumées volontaire- NGOs were admitted on the special Peace and Freedom. ment par les pays dans le monde en- list (see International Associations, 1956, n° 10, p. 638) : World Union of Catholic Women's tier. Organisations. Elle s'est accompagnée d'une répar- World's Young Women s Christian Association. Catholic International Union for So- tition géographique beaucoup plus cial Service. large des ratifications. Young Christian Workers t Interna- World Veterans' Federation. La Commission indique qu'en tren- tional). te ans. le nombre des rapports sou- World Federation of United Nations World Federation for Mental Health. mis chaque année à son examen Associations. International Society for the Welfa- s'est élevé de 180 à près de 4.500. International Union of Family Orga- re of Cripples. nizations. St. Joan's International Social and Political Alliance.

ASSOCIATIONS INTERNATIONALES, 1957, N° 6 357 Director General. The reappointmenl of David A. Morse as Director General of the International Labor Organization for at least five more years is notable in many ways. To make it possible the governing body had to change the rules of succession from a single three-year term, after ten years of service, to five years with no limi- tation on reappointment. His election was the unanimous act of the entire governing body. At the end of his fifteen-year term Mr. Morse will have been the head of a major international agency longer than anyone else in history.

International Federation of Senior Police Officers. L'Organisation Internationale du Travail encourage Young World Federalists. l'établissement de normes internationales de protection International Council for Educatio- des ouvriers. — Le € Code de sécurité dans le travail » nal Films. incite les Etats membres à adopter des lois pour International Union of Architects. Society of Comparative Legislation. la protection des travailleurs. International Commission on Illu- International Catholic Secretariat for (Unations). mination. Technicologists, Agriculturists and Décisions de la Nouvelle Delhi. Economists. Internationa] Union against Tuber- culosis. International Federation of Women II est impossible de résumer dans Lawyers. le cadre de cette rubrique les réso- International League for the Rights e of Man. lutions adoptées lors de la 9 session de la Conférence générale de International Federation of Business l'Unesco, tenue à la Nouvelle Delhi and Professional Women. Par lettre du 6 juin 1957, M. W. du 5 novembre au 5 décembre 1956. Yalden-Thompson, sous-directeur gé- On sait que trois projets majeurs ont International Federation of Universi- néral du B.I.T. a informé le Secrétai- été approuvés : extension de l'ensei- ty Women. re général de l'U.A.I. de ce que World Council for the Welfare of l'Union des Associations Internatio- gnement primaire en Amérique Lati- the Blind. nales venait d'être inscrite sur la ne, recherches scientifiques sur les liste spéciale des organisations non terres arides, appréciation mutuelle European Bureau for Youth and des valeurs culturelles de l'Orient Childhood. gouvernementales établies par le Bureau International du Travail. et de l'Occident. L'U.A.I. se réjouit de cette réponse Au sujet des relations consultati- favorable à la demande qu'elle avait ves de l'Unesco avec les organisa- introduite au début du mois de mai, tions internationales non gouverne- en vue de faciliter une collaboration mentales, la Conférence générale a étroite. approuvé les modifications proposées dans le document 9 C/ADM 19; elle a chargé le directeur général, agis- sant en coopération avec le Conseil exécutif, de procéder à l'examen de la liste des organisations non gouvernementales admises par l'Unesco au bénéfice d'arrangements consultatifs et à une évaluation de leurs relations avec l'organisation en fonction des directives adoptées par la Conférence générale à sa neuvième session et d'en rendre compte à la Conférence générale à sa dixième session; elle a décidé de remettre à la dixième session l'examen des demandes d'admission au bénéfice

358 INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATIONS, 1957, No 6 d'arrangements consultatifs présen- tées par certaines organisations internationales non gouvernementales (document 9 C/ADM 17 et add.). Parmi les autres résolutions d'inté- rêt général pour les ONG, signalons le fait que la première résolution concernant chacune des parties du programme de l'Unesco est une in- vitation des Etats membres à encou- rager l'affiliation aux organisations internationales existantes, des associations et groupements nationaux dans les différents domaines de l'é- ducation et à faciliter leur participation active aux programmes de ces organisations. Par une autre résolution, le Direc- teur général est autorisé à aider les Etats membres et les organisations internationales compétentes à éten- dre et à améliorer l'éducation sco- laire et à orienter cette éducation vers la compréhension et la coopéra- tion internationales, en collaboration avec les organisations internationales compétentes- La question de la création d'un La lutte contre l'analphabétisme dans les pays fonds international pour l'éducation, sous développés. Le Dr Laubach explique un la science et la culture a continué à de ses tableaux d'enseignement. Sa méthode faire des progrès. La Conférence a associe la forme de chaque lettre avec une recommandé que le Directeur géné- image et un son. ral, en consultation avec le Conseil (Unations). exécutif, élabore un avant-projet de fonctionnement et de structure et no-américain des sciences sociales qui l'Unesco pour le soin avec lequel a l'a autorisé à prendre contact avec la sera établi à Santiago (Chili) et été opérée la revision des directives Banque internationale pour la re- d'un Centre de recherches au Brésil concernant les relations de l'Unesco construction et le développement. sur les aspects sociaux et culturels avec les organisations internationales des transformations techniques et de non-gouvernementales; la question a An sujet du programme élargi d'as- l'industrialisation; la création d'un fait l'objet d'une très large consul- sistance technique, la Conférence a centre chargé de donner une forma- tation et les décisions reflètent cer- invité les Etats membres à continuer tion de base commune aux fonction- tainement l'opinion de la toute gran- de prendre, en liaison avec les insti- naires internationaux. de majorité des gouvernements aussi tutions et organisations gouverne- bien que des O.N.G. mentales et non gouvernementales de Tout en approuvant dans l'ensem- leur pays, toutes les mesures néces- ble la présentation actuelle du docu- 2. La décision de procéder à une saires pour faciliter l'envoi, le déta- ment relatif au programme et au évaluation des relations des O.N.G. chement ou le prêt, sans préjudice budget, la Conférence a invité le Di- pourvue du statut consultatif est im- des droits et privilèges professionnels recteur général à étudier la possibi- portante. Il faut reconnaître qu'elle des intéressés, d'experts et de spé- lité de simplifier davantage ce docu- est logique et même heureuse. L'U- cialistes techniques qui seront affec- ment et d'y inclure un exposé géné- nesco a le droit d'exiger que les or- tés à l'exécution du programme d'as- ral des principaux problèmes qu'aura ganisations admises au bénéfice d'ar- sistance technique. à résoudre l'Organisation au cours rangements consultatifs manifestent Peu de projets de création d'orga- des deux années suivantes, ainsi que un intérêt actif à l'égard des activi- nisations nouvelles ont été envisagés. des indications concernant la façon tés de l'Unesco. Nous considérons Les seuls projets sont la constitution, dont on envisage de les trailer. que les O.N.G. consultatives doivent en coopération avec l'Organisation être exigeantes à l'égard de l'Unesco des Etats Américains d'un Comité Relations consultatives, et l'Unesco exigeante envers les intergouvememental des Etats inté- O.N.G. Nous venons d'indiquer dans le se- ressés, chargé de donner des avis 3. Par contre, la décision de re- sur l'établissement des plans et sur cond paragraphe de l'écho précédent e mettre à la 10e session l'examen des l'exécution du projet majeur relatif les décisions prises par la 9 session au sujet des relations consultatives. demandes d'admission au bénéfice a l'extension de renseignement pri- d'arrangements consultatifs nous pa- maire en Amérique Latine; une aide I. Il faut rendre hommage à poor l'organisation d'un Centre lati-

ASSOCIATIONS INTERNATIONALES, 1957, N° 6 359 rail regrettable; 34 O.N.G, ont sol- Nouvelles Nominations an Secrétariat. nion des Etats membres afin d'exa- licité lour admission et plusieurs miner le fonctionnement de l'Accord avaient déjà vu leur demande ren- M. C. M. Berkeley (Royaume- international relatif à l'importation voyée de la 8e à la 9e session. Ce Uni) a été nommé chef du Cabinet en franchise des livres, revues, ob- renvoi est décourageant pour les du Directeur Général et a été rem- jet« d'art et autres objets de carac- O.N.G. qui ont manifesté le désir placé dans ses fonctions de respon- tère éducatif, scientifique et cultu- de collaborer avec l'Unesco et il est sable des relations avec les organi- ral, Accord entré en vigueur le 21 en contradiction avec le principe sations internationales ( gouverne- mai 1952. général de la coopération établie mentales et non-gouvernementales) entre l'Unesco et les O.N.G. On peut par M. Alexander (Yougoslavie), an- Biens culturels. reconnaître que la tâche du secré- cien membre du Secrétariat de l'Or- Un accord a été signé le 27 avril tariat de la commission administra- ganisation des Nations Unies. à la Maison de l'Unesco, à Paris, en- tive et du Conseil exécutif n'est pas Mr. W. Harold Loper a été nommé facile. Nous pouvons aussi interpré- tre le Gouvernement italien et l'Unes- Directeur du Département de l'édu- co, relatif à l'installation et au statut ter ce renvoi comme étant le signe cation de l'Unesco. Il succède ainsi d'un souci heureux : celui de don- juridique sur le territoire italien à Mr. Lionel Elvin (Royaume-Uni) d'un Centre international d'études ner à ces relations consultatives plus qui a quitté l'Unesco Fan dernier de réalité et d'efficacité. pour la conservation et la restaura- pour devenir professeur à l'Univer- tion des biens culturels. Le Centre, sité de Londres. Agé de 58 ans, Mr. dont la création a été approuvée par Unesco's spécial Information Loper a occupé des postes impor- la dernière conférence générale de tants dans l'instruction publique à Service for NGO Meetings. l'Unesco, aura son siège à Rome. Il Hawaï, et a également été, aux Etals- aura pour tâche de rassembler, étu- Unis, Chef de la Division de l'édu- dier, et diffuser une documentation The importance which Unesco at- cation du Programme d'aide aux Philippines. concernant les problèmes scientifiques taches to the influence and activities et techniques de la conservation et de of NGO's is emphasized by the Or- la restauration des biens culturels. Il ganization's desire to furnish its in- La libre circulation des idées. aura en outre à coordonner, stimu- formation material for display and ler on provoquer les recherches dans distribution at conferences of all Toutes les ONG apprécient parti- groups requesting them. ces domaines. Il concourra égale- culièrement l'effort de l'Unesco en ment à la formation de chercheurs Unesco makes a systematic effort faveur de la libre circulation des et de techniciens et à l'élévation du 10 contact the conference organizers idées. Aussi, chacun apprendra avec niveau des restaurations. Il occupera of NGO's having common fields plaisir que l'Unesco organise, du 21 les locaux de l'Instituto Centralo del of interest, offering them leaflets, au 25 octobre, à Genève, une réu- Restauro. brochures and similar items of a general nature on various aspects of Unesco and its programme, as well as wall sheets and photo posters to Consultative Status. get of 13.5 million dollars to fi- make effective displays about the nance the work of the World Health Organization's work. If your group is planning a meeting at which such materials would be of value and interest, Unesco would be very pleased to supply them. Simply write, as far in ad- At the nineteenth session of the Organization in 1958, as recommend- vance of the meeting date as possi- Executive Board which met in Ge- ed to it by its Committee on Pro- ble, to Unesco, Public Liaison Divi- neva in January, it was decided to ad- gramme and Budget. sion, 19, avenue Kleber, Paris-16, mit into official relations with WHO The budget in 1957 amounted to France. a further three non-governmental or- 12.55 million dollars. ganizations. These are : Internatio- Budget. nal Diabetes Federation, Internatio- nal Confederation of Midwives and Etude sur l'OMS. La Conférence générale a autorisé World Federation of Societies of l'Unesco à des dépenses de 22.659.638 Anaesthesiologists. This brings to dollars pour l'ensemble des années 43 the number of non-governmental M. Pierre Gascar, dont le livre 1957 et 1958 contre 20.605.830 dol- organizations enjoying this status. «Des Bêtes et des Hommes » lui a lars pour 1955 et 1956. valu le Prix Concourt et le Prix des Critiques en 1953, prépare la publi- Budget. cation d'un livre sur les travaux de Lieu de la prochaine Conférence. l'OMS, qui sera probablement pu- The Tenth World Health Assem- blié en 1938 à l'occasion du 10e an- Il a été décidé à l'unanimité que bly adopted on May 20 the bud- niversaire de cette Institution. la Xe Session de la Conférence gé- nérale se tiendrait à Paris en 1958, au siège de l'Unesco.

360 INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATIONS, 1957, No 6 Lisbonne tous les hommes, tontes les femmes et tous les enfants de Belgique, de France et de Suisse ». D'après M. Warner, il est proba- ble que les lignes aériennes mondia- les transporteront cent millions de passagers en 1958. Dans dix ans, le Emblème Trafic aérien mondial. nombre de kilomètres-passagers sera de trois à quatre fois celui de 1956 Depuis sa création, l'Organisation En 1956 les lignes aériennes régu- et de 15 fois celui de 1946, a modifié plusieurs fois son emblème lières ont transporté 78 millions de sans qu'aucun modèle irait jamais passagers dont les voyages ont été Président. été reconnu officiellement par le en moyenne de 920 kilomètres. Ces Conseil ou l'Assemblée. chiffres ont été annoncés par l'Orga- M. Edward Warner (Etats-Unis) a En adoptant, lors de sa sixième nisation de l'aviation civile internationale (OACI) à Montréal M, Ed- pris sa retraite après avoir assumé session (Caracas 1956) le modèle que la présidence de l'OACI depuis 12 nous reproduisons ici, l'Assemblée a ward Warner, Président du Conseil de l'OACI, y a ajouté le commentai- ans, c'est-à-dire depuis la fondation tenu compte des avantages d'ordre de cette institution. Il a été rempla- pratique qu'il y a à conserver une re suivant : « c'est à peu près comme si on avait transporté de Genève à cé à la date du 20 février 1957 par marque concrète de la parenté qui M. Walter Binaghi (Argentine). existe entre l'OACl et l'Organisation des Nations Unies.

UIT — ITU graphique pour ne former qu'un Comité Consultatif International seul Comité qui porte désormais le titre de Comité Consultatif Interna- des Télégraphes ft des Telephones. tional des Téléphones et des Télé- graphes. L'adresse est à celle du CCIF Le Comité Consultatif Internatio- soit : Maison des Congrès, place nal Téléphonique a été fusionné de- Emblème précédemment er Chateaubriand, Genève. utilisé. puis le 1 janvier 1957 avec le Co- mité Consultatif International Télé-

Statut des relations de l'OACI avec la CEAC. BANQUE INTERNATIONALE — INTERNATIONAL Au cours de la dixième session de MontantBANK des prêts. l'Assemblée, la Commission euro- the quality of economic management péenne de l'aviation civile et l'Orga- and government in the less developed nisation ont choisi, pour déterminer Depuis qu'elle a commencé à fonc- le statut de leurs relations, la troisiè- tionner en 1946, la Banque interna- countries. The first course, which me des solutions engagées : au lieu tionale a accordé 166 prêts, s'élevant lasted from January through June d'opter pour l'autonomie absolue ou au total à plus de 3 milliards de dol- 1956, provided for a selected group pour son intégration complète avec lars, à 44 pays et territoires. Pendant of key officials an intensive course l'OACI comme organe subordonné, l'année 1956, elle a accordé 24 prêts in economic policy and administra- le CEAC a adopté un statut intermé- s'élevant au total à 507,4 millions de tion, designed to broaden their ex- diaire caractérisé par « des rapports dollars, à 17 pays. perience and enhance their useful- étroits avec l'OACI » mais aussi par ness to their governments. A second « un degré considérable d'autono- group, considerably larger than the mie », Economie Development Institute. first, met from October 1, 1956 Le Comité exécutif de l'OACI a through March 1957. The results of estimé que les dépenses directes en- The Economic Development Insti- the first course and increasing inte- courues par la CEAC devraient être tute was started by the International rest of member governments in the intégralement supportées par les Bank for Reconstruction and Deve- Institute are sufficiently encouraging Etats européens mais que l'OACI de- lopment in 1956, on an experimental to justify the announcement of a vrait supporter les dépenses indirec- basis, with the object of improving third course, to begin in October te« afférentes à la coopération des 1957. deux organisations.

ASSOCIATIONS INTERNATIONALES, 1957, N° 6 361 Société Financière Internationale. FONDS MONETAIRE —

Au début de janvier 1957, le nom- Fonds monétaire. FUND succède à Mr. Ivar Rooth (Suède) qui bre de pays membres de la Société a quitté cette institution après y avoir été attaché pendant cinq ans, Financière Internationale, qui fut Le 3 décembre 1956, Mr. Per Ja- créée le 24 juillet 1956, était de 47 Le Fonds Monétaire a publié à la fin cobson (Suède) a commencé d'exer- de l'année passée une brochure dé- et le capital souscrit s'élevait à cer ses nouvelles fonctions de direc- crivant les travaux accomplis depuis 90.396.000 dollars. teur général du Fonds Monétaire. Il sa fondation en 1948.

III. Other IGOs — Autres Organisations Intergouvernementales

CECA — ECSC. créé par les Six est chargé de procé- figurer au moins trois des Etats sui- der à toutes études et prises de con- vants : Canada, France, Etats-Unis, tact utiles aux fins citées ci-dessus ; Royaume-Uni et URSS. International School. chaque délégation est chargée d'en- treprendre, en ce qui la concerne, les Representatives of the six member négociations nécessaires aux mêmes countries of the European Coal and fins. OAS — OEA. Steel Community have signed an agreement on the status of the first M. Christian Pineau, ministre fran- European supra-national secondary çais des Affaires étrangères, a pro- Inter-American Atomic Energy noncé un discours à la suite de l'a- school. The school was opened three Commission. years ago for children of members of doption de cette Résolution, discours the diplomatic corps and of the em- dans lequel il a préconisé l'inclusion ployees of the Coal and Steel Com- de toutes les Assemblées européennes Creation of an Inter-American Ato- munity, but in future it will be dans le cadre de l'Assemblée du mic Energy Commission was placed available to all pupils. Pupils will Conseil de l'Europe. Il a également on the April agenda of the Inter-Ame- be able to obtain a certificate allow- suggéré que la compétence de cette rican Committee of Presidential Re- ing them to enter any university in dernière pourrait être étendue aux presentatives, together with the pro- the six countries, 17 pays qui forment l'O.E.C.E. posal to study the feasibility of es- tablishing centres of research and training in nuclear development.

EURATOM Manual of Inter-American Relations. AGENCE The compilation is a convenient Euratom et Communauté INTERNATIONALE record of the activities of the Union économique européenne, DE L'ENERGIE ATOMIQUE. of American Republics and of ils successor, the present Organization of American States, and will thus be Les traités sur la Communauté 1re Conférence. of great assistance not only to the go- économique européenne et l'Euratom vernments themselves and to asso- ont été signés dans la soirée du 25 ciated organizations, but to students mars au Capitole à Rome. La Commission préparatoire de l'Agence a décidé le 20 mai, de fixer of international law and internatio- La Résolution annexée aux Traités au 1er octobre 1957 la réunion de la nal relations. souligne « qu'une liaison aussi étroite première Conférence générale de The Manual was first published in que possible entre les diverses insti- l'Agence, Elle aura lieu à Vienne, 1953 and a revised edition (334 pa- tutions européennes est hautement sera chargée de créer l'Agence et ges) including the decision of the souhaitable » et « qu'il convient d'é- d'arrêter le programme d'activité de Tenth Inter-American Conference tudier de façon concrète et appro- sa première année d'existence. Le held in Caracas in 1954, was fondie les conditions dans lesquelles statut de l'Agence, approuvé le 26 published at the end of 1956. des liens organiques peuvent être octobre 1956, par une Conférence te- institués entre l'Assemblée de la nue au siège des N.U. à laquelle ont Communauté économique européen- participé les représentants de 81 pays, Création d'un Centre Musical ne, de l'Euratom, de la C.E.C.A., a été ratifié jusqu'à présent par sept Interaméricain. d'une part, de l'Assemblée du Con- pays, dont l'URSS. Pour entrer en seil de l'Europe et de l'U.E.O., d'au- vigueur, le statut doit être ratifié tre part ». Le Comité Intérimaire Un Centre Musical Interaméricain, par 18 Etats parmi lesquels doivent installé dans les bureaux de l'Union

362 INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATIONS, 1957, No 6 Maquette du futur siège de l'Otan, place de la Porte Dauphine, à l'extrémité d l'avenue Foch, à Paris. (Photo Henrot).

Panaméricaine, à Washington, a été ches sur le folklore et la diffusion novembre 1956, le statut consultatif créé pour les musiciens d'Amérique des résultais obtenus, organiser des B à la Société Belge d'Etudes et d'Ex- du Nord et d'Amérique Latine. festivals interaméricains, étudier les pansion; en mars 1957, le statut A à Soucieux de veiller au développe- problèmes du droit d'auteur dans le la Ligue Européenne de Coopération ment de la musique, le Centre Musi- domaine musical, et favoriser les Economique, le statut B à l'Union cal Interaméricain entend notamment contacts entre organisations musicales Internationale de la Jeunesse Socia- créer des centres de diffusion musi- des divers pays. liste, et à l'Union Catholique Inter- cale — partitions, orchestrations, en- Son Assemblée générale siégera nationale de Service Social ; le sta- registrements — favoriser les recher- l'année prochaine à Mexico. tut C à la Fédération Internationale des Travailleurs Intellectuels.

CONSEIL DE L'EUROPE — COUNCIL OF EUROPE Conférence de la Jeunesse. mité serait chargé d'examiner les che- Une Conférence de la Jeunesse vauchements d'activité et les conflits Coordination des organisations s'est tenue à la Maison de l'Europe de compétence entre ces organisa- à Strasbourg, les 12 et 13 avril. Con- européennes. tions. voquée par le Comité des experts culturels sur proposition de son Sous- Dans un rapport supplémentaire au Budget. Comité de la Jeunesse, elle réunissait septième rapport adressé à l'Assem- les dirigeants d'organisations non blée Consultative, le Comité des Mi- Le budget du Conseil de l'Euro- gouvernementales de jeunesse ayant nistres, se référant au point de vue pe pour l'année 1957 s'élève à le statut consultatif et le Sous-Comité 905.020.000 francs français. qu'il avait exprimé dans sa réponse de la Jeunesse. à l'Avis n° 13 de l'Assemblée (Doc. Des fonctionnaires du Secrétariat 481), a autorisé le Secrétaire Gé- Statut consultatif. néral à entrer en contact aver Général ont fait des exposés sur les les Secrétaires Généraux des au- Les délégués les Ministres des Af- activités du Conseil de l'Europe en tres organisations intergouverne- faires Etrangères du Conseil de l'Eu- fonction des intérêts de la jeunesse. mentales européennes afin d'étudier rope ont, sur recommandation de De leur côté, les représentants des la possibilité de créer un Co- l'Assemblée Consultative, accordé en organisations ont montré les difficul- mité de coordination où il siégerait avec ses, Secretaires Généraux. Le co- tés que rencontre la réalisation de

ASSOCIATIONS INTERNATIONALES, 1957, N° 6 363 leur programme. Des suggestions ont CIME — ICEM été presentees en vue d'assurer une les institutions internationalen qui cooperation plus étroite entre toutes s'occupent de questions intéressant la er jeunesse. Entre le 1 février 1952 et le 31 décembre 1956, 536.000 emigrants eu- ropéens ont trouvé une nouvelle pa- OECE — trie outre-mer grâce au Comité inter- gouvernemental pour les Migrations Conférence. OEEC Le Conseil de l'OECE au cours de Européennes. Ce chiffre ne com- er sa réunion du 1 décembre a décidé prend pas les 88.000 réfugiés évacué« Deux grandes conférences ont été de créer un organisme consultatif : d'Autriche entre le 17 novembre et organisées par l'OECE à Paris en l'OPEG ( Groupe industriel spécial le 31 décembre 1956. avril dernier : une conférence d in- de l'OECE pour le pétrole). Cet or- formation sur l'énergie nucléaire ganisme comprenant les représen- En dépit de l'effort spécial d'aide qui groupa plus de 400 industriels de tants des compagnies pétrolières in- aux réfugiés hongrois pendant no- 11 pays d'Europe, des Etats-Unis et ternationales d'Europe sera associé vembre et décembre 1956, les activités re du Canada, et la 1 conférence inter- aux travaux de l'organisation. du CIME ont non seulement con- nationale de l'automation, qui ras- tinué selon le rythme habituel, mais sembla 155 délégués représentant les technique entre les membres de un nouveau record annuel a été éta- membres de l'OECE. l'Otan, amélioration de l'Organisa- bli avec 128.000 européens installé» outre-mer. OTAN — NATO Le CIME a tenu sa cinquième session, du 1er au 6 octobre à Genè- ve. Les délégués de 27 pays (en Lors de la Session ministérielle de tion). comptant l'Union Sud-Africaine qui décembre 1957 du Conseil de l'At- vient d'entrer au CIME) partici- M. Paul-Henri Spaak a été dési- lantique Nord, celui-ci a approuvé le paient à ses travaux. Le plan d'opé- rapport des « Trois Sages » I main- gné pour succéder à Lord Ismay ration pour 1957 a été arrêté. Il a tien de la puissance de l'OTAN- comme secrétaire général de l'Otan. été décidé que le CIME assurerait élargissemant de là coopération poli- le mouvement de 122.000 emigrants de février 1957. Il a été décidé de tique, économique, scientifique et européens, que son budget serait près de 44 millions de dollars et qu'il CONSEIL NORDIQUE — NORDIC tendrait au rétablissement outre-mer du plus grand nombre possible de Conseil Nordique.COUNCIL personnes déplacées afin de décon- donner suite aux recommandations gestionner les camps d'Autriche et La réunion des Ministres nordiques concernant la création d'un institut d'Italie. des Affaires étrangères a eu lieu à nordique de physique nucléaire à Helsinki les 9 et 10 avril. Les minis- Copenhague, et rétablissement d'une tres ont passé en revue certaines des Commission parlementaire permanen- recommandations adoptées par le te chargée d'examiner les questions Conseil Nordique lors de la session de communications internordiques. ERRATUM

Mr. Jean Meyer has asked us to point out that he was incorrectly quoted in the ar- Comment soutenir ticle on conference interpret- ing which appeared in the Let efforts de l'UAI May 1957 issue of Internatio- nal Associations. In the en faveur des first sentence of paragraph 3 organisations internationales on page 280 the final works should read " the peak pe- privées ? riod, from Easter to the beginning of October ", and not Inscrivez-vous the peak periods, around Easter and at the beginning parmi les amis de L'UAI, of October en devenant membre associé.

364 INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATIONS, 1957, No 6 1. Études et Travaux des ONG Internationales Research and Work by International NGOs

069 (01) 331.88 (058) CONSEIL INTERNATIONAL DES MUSÉES. INTERNA- Directory of International Trade Union Organi- TIONAL COUNCIL OF MUSEUMS. Bibliographie zations. Part. I. International Confederation of muséographique pour les années 1951 et 1952, Free Trade Unions (ICFTU) Washington, Uni- publiée par le Centre international de Docu- ted States Department of Labor, Office of Inter- mentation muséographique, Unesco-Icom. Mu- national Labor Affairs, November 1956, 26,5 seographical Bibliography for the Years 1951 X 22 cm, duplic. & 1952, published by the International Museum The US Office of International Labor Affairs Documentation Centre. Paris, le Conseil, Mai- published in 1954 a series of directories of inter- son de l'Unesco, 19, avenue Kleber, 1956, 27 national trade union organizations. Considerable X 21 cm, 83 p, duplic. changes in the organizational structure of the International Confederation of Free Trade Unions (Part I) as well as the need of more detailed 301.172.3 : 061.3 information have made a complete revision of the ASSEMBLÉE DES NATIONS CAPTIVES D'EUROPE. directory desirable. This new edition gives : Deuxième session spéciale. Strasbourg, 12-15 number and percentage distribution of membership of the ICFTU itself; its regional organi- avril 1956. Résolutions et déclarations, débats, zations, organizational structure, officers, activi- délégués. New York 19, N.Y., l'Assemblée, 29 ties of headquarters and regional organizations; West 57th Street, 1957, 22 X 15,5 cm, 103 p. periodicals issued at headquarters and regional offices, including languages and intervals of publication; governmental bodies with which these 301.172.3 : 061.3 organizations have consultative status or repre- ASSEMBLÉE DES NATIONS CAPTIVES D'EUROPE. sentation; national affiliates arranged by coun- Troisième session. Novembre 1956-avril 1957. try and showing location, officers, publications New York 19. N.Y., l'Assemblée, 1957, 22 X and membership for each affiliate. 15,5 cm, 76 p. 331.88 (5) : 061.3

301.172.3 : 061.3 ICFTU ASIAN REGIONAL ORGANIZATION. The Voi- ce of Asian Workers. Trade Union Organization ASSEMBLÉE DES NATIONS CAPTIVES D'EUROPE. and Workers Education Programme for Expan- Troisième session spéciale à Strasbourg. 26-30 sion and Intensification of Activities. ICFTU- avril 1957. I résolutions. II messages. New York ARO Third Asian Regional Conference. 19, N.Y., l'Assemblée, 1957, 21 X 13,5 cm, 18 p. «ICFTU-ARO Bulletin», (New Delhi), April- 330.191.6: 337.01 (4) May 1957, vol. V, n° 4 & 5, pp. 29-47. CENTRE EUROPÉEN DE LA CULTURE. Le marché 37 : 061.3 (100) commun et la zone de libre échange. Genève, le WORLD CONFEDERATION OF ORGANIZATIONS OF Centre, Villa Moynier, 122, rue de Lausanne, THE TEACHING PROFESSION. . CONFÉDÉRATION 1957, 29,5 X 21 cm, 15 p, duplic. (Actualités MONDIALE DES ORGANISATIONS DE LA PROFESSION Européennes). ENSEIGNANTE. WCOTP at Manila : A Pictorial

ASSOCIATIONS INTERNATIONALES, 1957, N° 6 365 Report. CMOPE à Manille : un compte rendu illustré. Washington, the Confederation, 1201 Sixteenth Street, KW, 1956, 21,5 X 25,5 cm, 32 p. 379.29 LIZOP, Edouard. Bases juridiques d'une action internationale en faveur de la liberté d'enseignement. « Bulletin de l'Union Internationale pour la Liberté d'Enseignement », (Paris), l'Union, mai 1957, n° 4, pp. 13-18.

4 FÉDÉRATION INTERNATIONALE DES TRADUCTEURS. INTERNATIONAL FEDERATION OF TRANSLATORS. Machines à traduire. Machine Translation of Languages. Paris 8e, la Fédération, c/o Maison internationale des PEN Clubs, 66, rue Pierre Charron, 1956, 24,5 X 20 cm, pp, 98-152. (Babel, vol. ii, n° 3, octobre 1956. Numéro spécial. Numéro spécial consacré aux révolutions ap- portées par l'automation dans le domaine de la traduction. " In the future, we may have machines to help carry the enormous burden that language barriers impose upon us. To the extent that translation is an art, requiring from the translator the exercise of his highest creative abilities, mechanical devices will probably be of little assistance. But to the extent that translation is a routine, repetitive, and uninteresting task., machines may be very useful. Present technology has given us machines that can he ins- tructed to carry out simple manipulations of symbols ".

38 : 061.3

e CHAMBRE DE COMMERCE INTERNATIONALE. XVI Congrès de la CCI, Naples, 6-10 mai 1957. Dé- clarations et résolutions 1955-1956. Paris, la Chambre, 38, Cours Albert Ier, 1957, 2l X 13,5 cm, 148 p. (Also published in English under the title : XVIth Congress of the ICC, Naples, 6-10 May 1957. Statements and Resolutions 1955- 1957). « Pour que le monde puisse se développer comme un tout harmonieux et surtout pour que la paix soit préservée, il importe que toutes les nations prennent pleinement conscience de cette vérité fondamentale qu'est l'interdépendance éco- nomique avec tous ses avantages, et qu'elles en acceptent les conséquences. C'est en vain que les nations chercheraient à lutter contre les réalités économiques du monde moderne en recourant a des mesures isolationnistes qui ne peuvent en fin de compte que réduire leur puissance économique et abaisser le niveau de vie de leurs populations. De plus, ceux qui espéreraient trouver dans l'au- tarcie à la fois l'indépendance et la prospérité

366 INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATIONS, 1957, No 6 contribueraient à diviser le monde et à faire gers. Le succès de ces réunions a dépassé de loin lever une moisson de misère, de déceptions et de les prévisions les plus optimistes du Comité d'or- rancœurs, » ganisation. Plus de 400 participants, en effet, 4.089 appartenant à 20 pays, ont assisté à la présentation de 101 communications scientifiques, qui furent UNIVERSAL ESPERANTO ASSOCIATION. RESEARCH encadrées par sept conférences données par d'émi- AND DOCUMENTATION CENTRE. Seventy Years of nents spécialistes des diverses branches de l'ana- logie. L'importance de cette participation, en the International Language. Report published dépit du caractère des matières qui y furent on the occasion of the 70th anniversary of the traitées, a démontré l'opportunité de ces réunions, publication of the book « Internacia Lingvo ». qui furent organisées sous le haut patronage de Wembley, Middlesex, England, the Centre, 77, la Ville de Bruxelles et des Ministères des Affai- res économiques, des Communications et de Grasmere Avenue, 1956, 25 X 20,5 cm, 11 p, l'Instruction publique. duplic. (Doc. RDC/5). 539 A summary of the formation, origins and evo- lution of the international language Esperanto- WORLD FEDERATION OF SCIENTIFIC WORKERS. together with notes on Esperanto literature and Unmeasured Hazards. An Analysis of the Effects libraries, on specialist scientific vocabularies and of Tests of Atomic and Thermonuclear Wea- dictionaries, as well as existing Esperanto organi- pons. Prepared by a Committee of the World sations, journals and reviews. Examples are given of its current applications in humanitarian work, Federation of Scientific Workers. London WC1, commerce, tourism, radio, telegraphic communi- the Federation, 27 Red Lion Street, 1956, 23,5 cation, congresses and conferences. X 13,5 cm, 40 p. Price : 2/- (Also published in 4.089.2 (058) French, Russian, Chinese, German, Japanese).

UNIVERSALA ESPERANTO-ASOCIO. Jarlibro de la 61 Universala Esperanto-Asocio 1956. Rotterdam, 5 Universala Esperanto-Asocio, Eendrachtsweg 7. WORLD CONFEDERATION FOR PHYSICAL THERAPY. 1956, 2 vol., 15,5 X 11,5 cm, 347 + 95 p. Courses of Training in Countries represented in the World Confederation for Physical The- 440 (016) rapy. London WC1, the Confederation, c/o SOCIÉTÉ INTERNATIONALE ARTHURIENNE. Bullletin Chartered Society of Physiotherapy, Tavistock bibliographique de la Société Internationale House (South). Tavistock Square, 1956, 25,5 X Arthurienne. Bibliographical Bulletin of the 20,5 cm, 47 p, duplic. International Arthurian Society. Paris, la So- 615 ciété, 1955, n° 7, 18,5 X 12 cm, 142 p. WORLD CONFEDERATION FOR PHYSICAL THERAPY. 5 : 061.2 (058) Registration requirements, Working Conditions and Scholarships in Member-Countries of the INTERNATIONAL COUNCIL OF SCIENTIFIC UNIONS. The Year Book of the International Council of W.C.P.T. London WC1, the Confederation, Scientific Unions 1957. London W C 1, the c/o Chartered Society of Physiotherapy, Tavi- Council, 29 Tavistock Square, 1957, 21,5 X 14 stock House (South), Tavistock Square. 1956, cm, 72 p. Price : 5 s. 25,5 X 20,5 cm, 23 p, duplic. 615 : 061.3 (100) 51 : 061.3 WORLD CONFEDERATION FOR PHYSICAL THERAPY. Journées internationales de calcul analogique. Second Congress. June 17-23, 1956. Proceedings. International Analogy Computation Meeting. New York 19, American Therapy Association, Bruxelles 26 sept. - 2 oct. 1955. Actes, Procee- dings. Bruxelles, Comité d'organisation, 50, ave- 1790 Broadway, 1956, 27 X 19 cm, 208 p, pho- nue F. D. Roosevelt, 1956, 30 X 21 cm. xxviii- tos. 534, ill. 62 : 061.2 (4) Les Journées internationales de Calcul analo- FÉDÉRATION EUROPÉENNE D'ASSOCIATIONS NATIO- e gique se sont tenues à Bruxelles, du 27 septembre NALES D'INGÉNIEURS. 11 congrès international. au 1er octobre 1955, dans les locaux de la Fédé- Zurich, 11 au 14 octobre 1956. Rapports et ration des Entreprises de l'Industrie des Fabri- e cations métalliques (FABRIMETAL), 21, rue des vœux. Paris 9 , la Fédération, 19, rue Blanche, Drapiers. Elles étaient accompagnées d'une expo- 1956, 30 X 22 cm. (Contient un numéro spécial sition de machines à calculer électroniques grou- du Bulletin d'information de la Société suisse pant une dizaine de constructeurs belges et étran- des Ingénieurs et des Architectes, des brochures et des rapports en français et en allemand).

ASSOCIATIONS INTERNATIONALES, 1957, N° 6 367 621.3

COMMISSION ELECTROTECHNIQUE INTERNATIO- NALE. INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COM- MISSION. Normes relatives aux prises de courant pour usage domestique et usage général simi- laire. Standards for plugs and socket-outlets for domestic and similar general use. Genève, Bu- reau Central de la C.E.I., 1, rue Varembé, 1957, 29,5 X 21 cm, 32 p. Prix : 6 FS. (Publication 83). 621.3

COMMISSION ELECTROTECHNIQUE INTERNATIO- NALE. INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COM- MISSION. Vocabulaire électrotechnique international, 2e édition, Groupe 30. Traction électri- que. International Electrotechnical Vocabulary. 2nd Edition. Group 30. Electric traction. Genève, Bureau Central de la C.E.I., 1, rue Varembé. 1957, 29,5 X 21 cm, vii-94 p. Prix : 9 FS. (Publication 50 (30). 621.31 (4) FÉDÉRATION INTERNATIONALE DES PRODUCTEURS AUTOCONSOMMATEURS INDUSTRIELS D'ELECTRICITE. L'autoproduction industrielle d'électricité dans le cadre de l'économie énergétique en Europe. Mémorandum pour la commission de l'énergie de l'O.E.C.E. sur la situation générale de l'autoproduction industrielle d'énergie électrique en Europe occidentale. Bruxelles, la Fédération, 18-24. rue des Colonies, 1956, 26 X 20,5 cm, 7 p. 621.31 (4) FÉDÉRATION INTERNATIONALE DES PRODUCTEURS AUTOCONSOMMATEURS INDUSTRIELS D'ÉLECTRICITÉ. Régimes légaux comparés de l'autoproduction industrielle d'énergie électrique en Europe occidentale. Bruxelles, la Fédération, juin 1956, 26,5 X 20,5 cm, 15 p.

631.531 : 061.2 (100) ASSOCIATION INTERNATIONALE D'ESSAIS DE SEMEN- CES. Comptes rendus de l'Association Interna- tionale d'Essais de Semences. Proceedings of the International Seed Testing Association. Mit- teilungen der Internationalen Vereinigung für Samenkontrolle. Copenhague V, l'Association, 57, Thorvaldsensvej, 1956, 22 X 15 cm. 261 p. (vol. 21, n° 2). 656.2 (4) INFORMATION CENTRE OF THE EUROPEEN RAIL- WAYS. Perishable Traffic and its Organisation

368 INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATIONS, 1957, No 6 on the Enropean Railways. Rome, the Centre, 719 : 061.2 (100) Stazione Roma Termini, 1956, 23,5 X 16,5 cm, UNION INTERNATIONALE POUR LA CONSERVATION 60 p, photographs. (Paru en français sous le DE LA NATURE ET DE SES RESSOURCES. Cinquième titre : Le trafic des denrées périssables et son Assemblée générale. Sixième réunion technique. organisation sur les réseaux ferroviaires euro- Edimbourg, 20-29 juin 1956. « Bulletin », (Bru- péens) . xelles), l'Union, octobre 1956, vol. V, n° 4, 677.4 : 061.3 (100) pp. i-iii. COMITÉ INTERNATIONAL BE LA RAYONNE ET DES 728.8 : 061.3 (100) FIBRES SYNTHÉTIQUES. La Conférence internationale « Qualité et Labelling textiles ». Göte- INSTITUT INTERNATIONAL DES CHATEAUX HISTO- e borg, Suède. 1er. 2 et 3 octobre 1956. « Rayonne, RIQUES. Rapport. VI congres international cas- fibranne et fibres synthétiques », (Paris), le Co- tellologique à Montagnana, Padoue, Italie. 17-23 mité. 15 novembre 1956, n° 11, 6e année, pp. 835- juin 1956. « Bulletin de l'Institut... », (Rappers- 846. phot. wil. Suisse). l'Institut, 1956, n° 10, pp. 3-55.

2. Divers - Miscellaneous

33 (4) David Kelly. Part II. The Place of the School SNOY et d Oppuers, Baron. La formation du in the Atlantic Community. « The British Sur- Zollverein, 1815-1867. Une leçon pour l'Europe vey ». (London), September 1956, pp. 1-24. contemporaine. Bruxelles, Ligue Européenne de Based on an address to the Seminar on Inter- Coopération économique, 11, rue de Namur, national Organizations held at Oxford University mai 1957. 21 X 13,5 cm, 24 p. (Publication in July 1956 by the former UK Ambassador in Moscow. n° 24). 330.191.6 (4) 341.217 (4) European Common Market. « The British Sur- Textes officiels relatifs à l'Organisation de vey », (London). British Society for Internatio- l'Union de l'Europe Occidentale. Paris. La Documentation française, 1956, 30,5 X 20,5 cm, nal Understanding, March 1957, Main Series 18 p. (Notes et études documentaires, 1er mars N.S. N° 96, pp. 4-18. 1956, n° 2.146.) 332.1 (100) : 061.2 341.225.5 BANQUE DES RÈGLEMENTS INTERNATIONAUX. Vingt-sixième rapport annuel, 1er avril 1955 - WALDOCK, C.H.M. International Law and the New Maritime Claims. « International Rela- 31 mars 1956. Bale, la Banque, 7. Centralbahn- tions », (London), The David Davies Mémorial strasse, 11 juin 1956, 29,5 X 21 cm, vi-258 p. Institute of International Studies, vol. 1. n° 5. 341.123 : 342.7 April 1956. pp. 163-194. UNITED NATIONS. DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC INFOR- 341.232.5 MATION. United Nations work for Human Rights. UNITED NATIONS. DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC INFOR- Washington, United Nations, 1956, 21.5 X 13 MATION. Techniques for Tomorrow. Internatio- cm, 26 p. Price: 15 cents. (Reprinted from the nal Cooperation in Technical Assistance. New United Nations Review. December 1956.) York. United Nations, 1956, 20,5 X 15 cm, 36 p. Reprint of an article published in the United photographs. Price : 15 Cents. Nations Review on the occasion of the anniversary of the adoption of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights on 10 December 1948. in which 4 : 341.24 subsequent work done and progress made is HAENSCH. Günther. Internationale Terminolo- summarized. gie : Diplomatie. Verträge, internationale Or- 341.217 (4) ganisationen, Konferenzen. Terminologie inter- Special NATO Number. Part. I. Why NATO is nationale : diplomatie, traités, organisations necessary. Analysis of a Spurious Crisis, by Sir internationales, conférences. International ter-

ASSOCIATIONS INTERNATIONALES, 1957, N° 6 369 minology : diplomacy, treaties, international tion in the Co-ordination of the Programmes organizations, conferences. Terminologia inter- and Activities of the United Nations and the nacional. diplomacia, tratados, organizaciones Specialized Agencies. « Revue Internationale internacionales. conferencias. Stuttgart, Robert des Sciences Administratives », (Brussels), In- Möller Fremdsprachen. Verlag, 1954, 21,5 X ternational Institute of Administrative Sciences, 15.5 cm, 180 p. Leinendeckel. 22d year, 1956, vol. xxii, n° 3, pp. 95-117. (Ré- The former interpreter-in-chief to the High sumé français pp. 117-118). Authority of the European Coal and Steel Com- munity, Dr. Haensch, has produced a useful dic- 341.123 : 341.232.5 tionary in English, French, German and Spanish UNITED NATIONS. DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC INFOR- covering general terms of international law, diplomacy, international treaties, war, peaceful settle, MATION. Pooling Skills for Human Progress. The ment of international disputes, and historical Why, What and How of United Nations Tech- terms. The systematic section is followed by an nical Assistance. Fourth Revised Edition. New alphabetical index in each of the four languages. York, United Nations, 1956, 19,5 X 13,5 cm, 336.2 : 37 p, photographs. Price : 15 Cents. PEREIRA FORTUNA, Docteur Vasco Nunes. Per- 551.48 + 626 sonnalisation de l'impôt sur les sociétés, Lis- UNITED NATIONS. DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC INFOR- bonne, chez l'auteur, 1955, 25 X 19 cm, 7 p. MATION. Water and the World Today. Its use (Plaquette hors marché), and its control. New York, United Nations, 338.984.4 1956, 19,5 X 13,5 cm, 32 p, photographs. Price : YOUNG WORLD FEDERALISTS. Economie Assis- 15 Cents. tance for Promotion of Underdeveloped Areas, 61 : 355.33 : 061.3 International Study Seminar, July, 16-22, 1956, COMITÉ INTERNATIONAL DE MÉDECINE ET DE Lonholt, Denmark. Report. Amsterdam, Young PHARMACIE MILITAIRES. INTERNATIONAL COM- World Federalists, Keizersgracht 704, 1956, MITTEE OF MILITARY MEDICINE AND PHARMACY. 27.5 X 21,5 cm, 31 p, duplic. Organized by Young World Federalists with the help of the Danish National Commission for Unesco and Een Verden, the Danish branch of the World Association of World Federalists, the seminar aimed at discussing specific problems and stimulating further studies arising out of the facts that about two-thirds of the world's population are underfed and that the respective countries have not the economic means to improve the situation. The report provides a useful bibliographical guide to material that is available in various languages on the general problems of population and world food supplies. 338.984.4 : [622.33 + 669.1] (4) : 347.998.4 BREITNER, Franz. Die Chronik des Montan- gerichtshofes 1953-1956. «Europa Archiv », (Frankfurt am Main), Wilhelm Cornides, zwölf- tes Jahr, 20. Februar-5 März 1957, 4-5 pp. 9639- 9646. Evidence of the increasing appreciation of the utility of the Court of Justice of the European Coal and Steel Community is to be found in this survey, mainly in tabular form, of the caves which have been submitted to it during the period 1953-1956.

341-123 AHMED, Latheef N. The role of the United Na- tions Administrative Committee on Co-ordina-

370 INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATIONS, 1957, No 6 16e et 17e sessions de conférences. Rome, octobre 1953. Luxembourg-Vianden, novembre 1954. 16th and 17th Sessions of Conferences. Rome, October 1953. Luxemburg-Vianden, November 1954. Liège, Office International de Documen- tation de Médecine Militaire, Hôpital Militaire, 79, rue Saint-Laurent, 24 X 16 cm, 242 p. 63 : 061.1 (100) ORGANISATION DES NATIONS UNIES POUR L'ALI- MENTATION ET L'AGRICULTURE. Dix ans d'activi- tés forestières de la FAO. Washington 1947 - Rome 1957. « Unasylva », (Rome), FAO, 1957, vol. 11, n° 2, pp. 49-74, 93. 778.5 : 362.7 (058) ORGANISATION DES NATIONS UNIES POUR L'EDU- CATION, LA SCIENCE ET LA CULTURE. Liste des films recommandés pour les enfants et les adolescents jusqu'à seize ans d'après des sélections faites dans vingt-deux pays, établie par Jean- Pierre Barrot avec la collaboration de Ginette Billard. List of filins recommended for children, and adolescents up to 16 years following selections made in twenty-tico countries. Paris, Unesco, 1956, 27 X 21 cm, 118 p. (Etudes et documents d'information. Reports and Papers on Mass Communication n° 19).

ASSOCIATIONS INTERNATIONALES, 1957, N° 6 371 Nous donnons en face des annonces de congrès le We have inserted opposite the announcements of numéro sous lequel l'organisation est décrite dans notre congresses the number under which the organizing Yearbook of International Organizations, 1956-57. body is described in our Yearbook of International Les adresses des comités ou secrétariats locaux d'or- Organizations, 1956-57 edition. ganisation des congrès ont été données dans le numéro Addresses of the local organizing committees or de mai de « Associations Internationales ». Elles seront secretariats were given in the May issue of également indiquées dans le numéro de juillet. " International Associations ". They will be published Les informations nouvelles sont marquées d'un *. again in the July issue. Le signe • indique qu'il s'agit d'une modification à New announcements are marked by a star *. The une annonce publiée antérieurement. Les informations symbol • indicates an alteration in an announcement non encore annoncées dans ce calendrier mais déjà already published. The symbol + indicates an announ- publiées dans le dernier numéro du « Supplément au cement not yet printed in International Associations calendrier » sont marquées d'un +. Nous rappelons que though included in the latest issue of the " Calendar le «Supplément au calendrier» paraît mensuellement. Supplement ", which is produced each month two deux semaines après la remise de la Revue à l'im- weeks after the magazine closes for press (annual pression. subscription $6 or 42/-).

AOUT 1957 AUGUST

Yearbook Yearbook n° 1-4 Aug — Pax Christi - 5th int. congress. 2 Aug — Int. Federation of Teachers' Asso- Theme : My brother, the foreigner. ciations - congress. Frankfurt/Mam Mariazell (Austria) 205 (Germany) 974 1-10 Aug — Int. Society for the Welfare of 2-9 Aug — World Confederation of Organi- Cripples - course in prosthetics. zations of the Teaching Profession - Copenhagen 415 Assembly of Delegates. Theme : The 1-10 Aug — World Council for the Welfare of shortage of teachers, causes and reme- the Blind - meeting of consultative com- dies. Frankfurt/Main (Germany) 964 mittee on education. Oslo 410 2-11 Aug — Int. Federation of Camping and 1-10 Aug — Organization of American States - Caravanning - 18th int. rally and con- 7th pan american highway congress. gress. Stuttgart (Germany) 721 Panama City 107 3-10 Aug — Universala Esperanto-Asocio - 1-12 Aug — Int. Conference of the Boy Scout 42nd congress. Marseilles (France) 232 Movement - jubilee world jamboree and 16th int. scout conference. 3-10 Aug — Sennacieca Asocio Tutmondo - Sutton Coldfield (UK) 961 30th congress. Rotterdam 1-14 Aug — Int. Colloquium on Private Int. (Netherlands) Law. Mariansky-Lazny 3-10 Aug — Int. Religions Fellowship - annual (Czecho-Slovakia) 353 conference. Stoos 2 Aug — Int. Federation of Secondary (Switzerland) Teachers - congress. Frankfurt/Main 4-7 Aug — Int. Cooperative Alliance - 20th (Germany) 978 congress. Stockholm 550

Reproduction partielle autorisée. — Prière d'en mentionner la source : « Associations Internationales ». Partial reproduction authorised. Créait line should read : « International Associations ».

ASSOCIATIONS INTERNATIONALES, 1957, N° 6 373 1957 Août 1957 August Yearbook 12-14 Aug — European Hops Culture Commit- Yearbook tee - 7th congress. Munich n° (Germany) 681 • 4-16 Aug — European Institute of Scientific 12-15 Aug — Int. Cremation Federation - con- Studies for the Prevention of Alcoholism. gress. Zurich (Switzerland) Geneva 12-17 Aug — European Confederation of Agri- + 4-18 Aug — World Alliance of YMCAs - int. culture - 9th general assembly. athletic leadership training camp Helsinki 685 Melun (France) 944 12-18 Aug — Int. Mathematical Union - collo- 5-9 Aug — Cnf of NGOs interested in Migra- quium on the theory of functions. tion - 6th conference. Geneva Helsinki 842 388 12-24 Aug — Int. Society of Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering - 4th con- 5-9 Aug — Permanent Int. Committee of gress. Theme : The theory and appli- Linguists - 8th congress. Oslo cations of soil mechanics and foundation 240 engineering. London 772 5-11 Aug — Pediatrics - 5th Pan American 14 Aug — Universal Postal Union - 14th congress. Lima congress. Subject : Revision of the acts 5-12 Aug — Socialist Int., Latin American of the union. Ottawa 8 Secretariat - conferences on economics 15 Aug — Organization of American States and imperialism. Santiago de Chile 341 - Economic Conference. Buenos Aires 107 5-15 Aug — Int. Federation of University 15-25 Aug — The Lutheran World Federation - Women - 39th council meeting. general assembly. Theme : Christ Frees Belfast/Dublin 1095 and Unites. Minneapolis 5-17 Aug — Curare and Curarising Susbs- (Minn, USA) 194 tances - int. symposium. 16-18 Aug — Int. Council of Scientific Unions Rio de Janeiro - joint commission on the ionosphere. New York 808 6-16 Aug — Pax Romana, Int. Movement of and freedom. Gemen (Germany) 988 • 16-22 Aug — World Federation of Democratic Youth - 4th congress. Kiev (USSR) 979 6-17 Aug — Int. Association of Geodesy - general assembly. Toronto (Canada) 779 17 Aug - 5 Sept — Austrian College Society - 13th int. summer seminar. Theme : Myth, 7-9 Aug — Society for Research on Ageing: - Utopia, Ideology. Alpbach int. conference on the biology of the hair (Austria) follicle and the growth of hair. London 19-23 Aug — Open Door Int. - 10th conference. 7-9 Aug — Int. Union against the Venereal Paris 1098 Diseases and the Treponematoses - general assembly. Stockholm 935 19-23 Aug — Int. Federation for Clinical Chem- istry - 2nd European congress. 7-10 Aug — Architectural Students - 4th int. Stockhohn conference. Copenhagen 19-24 Aug — Int. Union of Biochemistry - Int. 8-15 Aug — Int. Union for the Scientific symposium on the origin of life. Study of Population - congress. Moscow 832 Stockholm 277 19-24 Aug — Int. Congress on Smelting:. 8-15 Aug — Int. Statistical Institute - 30th Stockholm session. Stockholm 261 • 19-24 Aug — Int. Mathematical Union - int. 9-11 Aug — Int. Naturist Federation - int. colloquium on finite groups. Tubingen rally. Hyères (France) 900 (Germany ) 842 9-11 Aug — Democratic and Socialist Parties 19-24 Aug — Int. Youth Hostel Federation - of Latin America - 1st conference. 18th conference. Zeist (Netherlands) 975 Santiago-de-Chile 341 19-30 Aug — Int. Union of Socialist Youth - + 10-16 Aug — Sixth World Mennonite Congress. summer school. Berlin 343 Karlsruhe (Germany) * 20-23 Aug — Int. Union of Biological Sciences - 11 Aug — European League for Mental symposium on standards and symbols in Hygiene - 7th annual meeting. genetics. Zurich (Switzerland) 839 Copenhagen 903 21-23 Aug — Int. Federation of Unions of 11-16 Aug — Christian Esperanto Int. Associa- Employees in Public and Civil Services - tion - congress. Munchenweiler general council session. Norway 493 (Switzerland) 11-17 Aug — World Federation for Mental Health - 10th annual meeting. Theme : Growing up in a changing world. Copenhagen 899

ASSOCIATIONS INTERNATIONALES, 1957, N° 6 375 1957 Août Yearbook 1957 August Yearbook 22-27 Aug — Association mondialiste Inter- 28-31 Aug — World Union of Catholic Teachers planétaire - world assembly against - 3rd congress. Theme : The role of atomic weapons. Geneva education in international life. Vienna 997 22 Aug - 5 Sept — Int. Scientific Radio Union - 28 Aug - 3 Sept — Int. Society for Cell Biology 12th general assembly. - 9th congress. St. Andrews (Scotland) 819 Boulder (Colorado, USA) 843 28 Aug - 4 Sept — Int. Union of Orientalists 24-25 Aug — Int. Chiropractors Association - - 24th congress. Munich (Germany) 275 convention. Davenport 853 * 29-30 Aug — European Meeting of the Econo- (Iowa, USA) metric Society. Luxemburg 548 24-27 Aug — Int. Folk Music Council - general 29-31 Aug — Group Psychotherapy - 2nd int. assembly. Copenhagen 1017 congress. Zurich (Switzerland) 24 Aug - 4 Sept — Young Christian workers - 29 Aug - 2 Sept — European Orthodontological int. congress. Rome 981 Society - annual int. session. 25 Aug — World Committee for Culture and Geneva 909 Theatre - conference. Singapore 29 Aug - 2 Sept — World Federation of Scien- 25-30 Aug — Int. Committee for Silent Sports tific Workers - 5th general assembly. - 8th int. games. Rome 1037 Helsinki 463 26-28 Aug — Society for Biological Rhythm - 29 Aug - 3 Sept — Int. Geographical Union - 6th conference. Semmering regional conference. Tokyo and Nara 830 (Austria) 823 29 Aug - 6 Sept — Int. Union of Public Trans- 26-29 Aug — Int. Union of Pure and Applied port - 32nd int. congress. Mechanics - int. symposium on boundary Hamburg, Berlin 736 layer research. Freiburg/Breisgau (Germany) 837 • 30 Aug - 13 Sept — Pan American Railway Congress Association - 9th congress. 26-31 Aug — Int. Union for Logic, Methodology Buenos Aires 703 and Philosophy of Sciences - conference on mathematical logic. Amsterdam Aug — Organization of American States - (Netherlands) 836 2nd meeting of ministers of finance and economy. Buenos Aires 107 26-31 Aug — European Society of Haematology Aug — UNESCO/Organization of American - congress. Copenhagen 908 States - Inter-American seminar on edu- 26-31 Aug — Int. Union of Pure and Applied cational planning. Colombia 4/107 Physics - 5th int. conference on low tem- perature physics and chemistry. Aug — Conference of World Organizations Madison (Wis, USA) 838 interested in the Handicapped - meeting. Geneva 387 26-31 Aug — World Association of World Fe- deralists - 10th anniversary congress. Aug — Quadrennial Int. Games for the Deaf. Scheveningen (Netherlands) 327 Milan/Rome 26-31 Aug — Int. Federation of Building and * Aug — Int. Council of Scientific Unions - Public Works - general assembly. meeting of joint commission on radio- Zurich (Switzerland) 636 meteorology. New York 808 26 Aug - 10 Oct — British Commonwealth Fo- Aug — Int. Economic Association - round table restry Conference - 7th session. on economic development in Latin Ame- 26 Aug - 24 Sept Australia rica. Rio de Janeiro 538 25 Sept - 10 Oct New Zealand + Aug — 3rd World Conference against Atom 27-31 Aug — The Liberal Int. - 10th congress. and Hydrogen Bombs and for Disarma- Oxford (UK) 340 ment. 28 Aug — Grotius Foundation for the Ex- tension of International Law - 7th int. Tokyo conference. Munich (Germany) Aug — Int. Association of Seismology and 28-31 Aug — American Dental Society of Physics of the Earth's Interior - meeting. Europe - annual int. meeting. Toronto (Canada) 784 Lausanne (Switzerland) * Aug — Un Economic Commission for Asia and 28-31 Aug — Int. Institute of Iberoamerican the Fax East - 2nd conference on water Literature - 8th congress. San Juan resources development. Not fixed 1 (Puerto Rico) 1024 Aug or Sept — UNESCO - int. congress of national libraries. Havana 4 Summer — Int. Railway Transport Committee - meeting. Denmark 714

ASSOCIATIONS INTERNATIONALES, 1957. N° 6 377 1957 Yearbook 1957 Yearbook Summer — Int. Commission of Ethnology and Summer — World's Poultry Science Association Folklore - general assembly. Rome 243 - 11th congress. Not fixed 677 Summer — Int. Society for Education through Summer — Int. Society for Orthopedagogics - Art - 2nd general assembly. Not fixed 992 congress. Rome 991 Summer — European Liberal Youth - meeting. Summer — Int. Railway Temperance Union - Not fixed 982 50th anniversary congress. Summer — World Jewish Congress - 4th plen- Stockholm 190 ary assembly. Not fixed 177

SEPTEMBRE 1957 SEPTEMBER 1-4 Sept — Int. Association for Market Gar- 7-17 Sept — UNICEF - Executive Board. dening: - general assembly. New York 16 7-21 Sept — Banking - loth int. summer Cologne school. Wiesbaden (Germany) (Germany) 8 Sept — WHO - regional commission for 1-7 Sept — Psychiatry - 2nd world congress. Western Pacific - 8th session. Theme : Schizophrenia. Hong Kong 9 Zurich (Switzerland) 930 8-12 Sept — Int. College of Surgeons - 22nd * 2-5 Sept — Int. Symposium on Passivity. annual congress. Chicago (Ill, USA) 871 Darmstadt (Germany) + 8-15 Sept — Int. Commission of Phytophar- 2-6 Sept — Operational Research - int. con- macy - 4th int. congress of Plant Pro- ference. Oxford (UK) tection, Hamburg (Germany) 2-7 Sept — Women's Int. League for Peace * 8-15 Sept — 1st Conference of Latin American and Freedom - executive committee. Schools of Medicine. Mexico City Geneva 321 • 2-8 Sept — World Federation of United 8-22 Sept — Int. Confederation of Free Trade Nations Associations - 12th plenary assem- Unions - int. seminar. Banff (Canada) 487 bly. Geneva 312 8 Sept - 9 Oct — 6th Commonwealth Mining 2-8 Sept — Int. Catholic Child Bureau - 6th and Metallurgical Congress. Canada congress. Theme : The child and the 9-12 Sept — Int. Centre of Fertilizers - 6th Church in the world today. world congress. Heidelberg 679 9-12 Sept — Societies of French Speaking Quebec, Gynecologists and Obstetricians - 17th Trois-Rivières, Montreal 960 congress. Marseilles (France) 890 • 2-8 Sept — Int. Pen Club - 29th congress. 9-13 Sept — 7th Int. Congress of Accountants. Tokyo 309 Amsterdam (Netherlands) 2-9 Sept — World Council of Churches - 9-13 Sspt — Int. Air Transport Association - Latin countries youth conference. Italy 184 13th annual general assembly. Madrid 704 • 2-9 Sept — Int. Wine Office - 37th plenary session. Ljubljana • 9-13 Sept — Int. Union of Pure and Applied (Yugoslavia) 104 Physics - 7th int. conference on nuclear structure. Rehovot (Israel) 838 3 Sept — French Speaking Psychiatrists 9-14 Sept — Int. Secretariat for Teaching and Neurologists - congress. Educational Sciences in Universities - Lyons (France) 2nd congress. Florence (Italy) 990 • 3-14 Sept — Int. Association of 9-14 Sept — Clinical Chemistry - int. con- Physical gress. New York Oceanography - general assembly. Toronto (Canada) 778 9-15 Sept — Int. Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry - symposium on macromole- 4-14 Sept — Int. Union of Geodesy and Geo- cular chemistry. Prague 833 physics - 11th general assembly. • 9-20 Sept — UNESCO - Int. scientific con- Toronto (Canada) 829 ference on radio-isotopes for research 6 Sept — Int. Container Bureau - general purposes. Paris 4 assembly. Utrecht (Netherlands) 712 * 11-13 Sept — Int. Advertising Association - 2nd European convention. 7-14 Sept — Int. Dental Federation - 12th int. The Hague/Scheveningen congress of odonto-stomatology. Rome 889 7-15 Sept — University of Pennsylvania/ College of Europe - conference on North Atlantic Community. Bruges (Belgium)

ASSOCIATIONS INTERNATIONALES, 1957, N° 6 379 1957 Septembre Yearbook 1957 September Yearbook 16-21 Sept — Int. Dairy Federation - annual * 11-14 Sept — Dental Federation of Central meeting. Interlaken America and Panama - 1st congress. (Switzerland) 692 Guatemala City • 16-21 Sept — Int. Federation for Documen- 11-15 Sept — Int. Union of Pure and Applied tation - 23rd conference. Paris 142 Physics - int. colloquium on condensation. 16-22 Sept — Int. Union of Family Organi- Varenna (Italy) 838 zations - general assembly and council. 12 Sept — Inter-Parliamentary Union - 46th Rome 419 conference. London 335 17-19 Sept — Int. Councial for Philosophy and 12-14 Sept — 2nd Int. Congress of Labour Law. Humanistic Studies - general assembly. Geneva Paris 250 13-15 Sept — Int. Union of the Medical Press 17-20 Sept — Int. Union of Pure and Applied 3rd congress. London 155 Physics - general assembly. Rome • 15-16 Sept — St Joans's Int. Social and Political 838 Alliance - 14th council meeting. Paris 1087 17-20 Sept — Christian Democrats - 2nd Amer- 15-19 Sept — Int. Union of Catholic Employers' ican congress. Sao Paulo (Brazil) Associations - 14th congress. 17-24 Sept — Société de chimie industrielle - Montreal, Quebec 476 30th int. congress on industrial chemistry. Athens 771 15-19 Sept — Int. Union of Leather Chemists Societies - 5th biennial conference. 17 Sept - 13 Dec — UN - General Assembly - Rome 670 12th session. New York 1 15-20 Sept — Int. Committee for Farm Work * 18-20 Sept — Int. Symposium on Formation and Organization - congress. Stabilization of Free Radicals. Bad Kreuznach (Germany) Washington DC * 15-20 Sept — Int. Conference on Co-ordination 18-21 Sept — Int. Ore Dressing Congress. Chemistry. Rome Stockholm 15-22 Sept — Postal, Telegraph and Telephone 20-27 Sept — FAO - 4th conference on nutri- Int. - 16th congress. tion problems in Latin America. Florence (Italy) 507 Guatemala 3 • 15-23 Sept — Eighth Int. Towing Tank Con- 21-27 Sept — Int. Scientific Film Association - ference. Madrid 11th congress. Amsterdam 15-23 Sept — Int. Union of the Amateur Cine- (Netherlands) ma - 16th congress. Rome 1034 • 21-28 Sept — Int. Olympic Committee - 53rd 16 Sept — Int. Federation of Building and session. Sofia 1038 Woodworkers - congress. Munich 22-27 Sept — Int. Union of Pure and Applied (Germany) 505 Physics - int. colloquium on mesons. 16-19 Sept — Int. Metalworkers' Federation - Padua/Venice 838 congress. Lugano (Switzerland) 500 22-27 Sept — Int. Union of Building Societies and Savings and Loan Associations - 7th 16-19 Sept — Aviation Medicine - 2nd European congress. Stuttgart (Germany) congress. Stockholm 22-27 Sept — Int. Union of Pure and Applied 16-19 Sept — Int. League against Unfair Com- Physics - Colloquia on cosmic rays and petition - congress and general assembly. theoretical physics. Theme : Taxes and competition. Venice (Italy) 838 Vienna 647 22-28 Sept — Int. Catholic Migration Commis- 16-19 Sept — Int. Fiscal Association - 11th sion - 3rd int. migration congress. congress. Vienna 535 Assisi (Italy) 385 16-20 Sept — Int. Symposium on Ecology and 22-28 Sept — Int. Federation of Cotton and Allied Textiles Industries - congress. Venice (Italy) 632 Biogeography of Spain. Barcelona (Spain) 23 Sept — Int. Bank for Reconstruction and Development - 12th annual assembly. Washington DC 6 * 16-20 Sept — 3rd Int. Meeting on Immuno- microbiological Standardization. 23 Sept — Int. Monetary Fund - meeting. Opatija (Yugoslavia) Washington DC 7 16-21 Sept — Int. Society, of Orthopaedic Sur- + 23-26 Sept — Congrès Int. des Glaciers. gery and Traumatology - 7th congress, Evian (France) Barcelona (Spain) 921 16-21 Sept — WHO - Regional Committee for Africa. Brazzaville 9

ASSOCIATIONS INTERNATIONALES, 1957. N° 6 381 1957 Septembre 1957 September

Yearbook Yearbook n° 23-26 Sept — Int. Federation of Library Asso- ciations - meeting. Paris 145 29 Sept - 6 Oct — Int. Committee of Military Medicine and Pharmacy - 15th congress. * 23-27 Sept — FAO - meeting of experts on use Belgrade 41 of preservatives in milk. Interlaken (Switzerland) 3 30 Sept - 3 Oct — Int. Association on Quater- 23-27 Sept — Federation of Continental Euro- nary Research - 5th congress. Madrid, pean Associations of Technicians in the Barcelona (Spain) 787 paint, varnish, enamels and printing ink Industries - 4th congress. 30 Sept - 4 Oct — Int. Congress for the Study Lucerne (Switzerland) 612 of Savings Problems. Paris • 23-27 Sept — Int. Society for Bioclimatology - 30 Sept — Int. Council for the Exploration 1st congress. Vienna of Sea - 45th meeting and symposium. 23-28 Sept — Int. Association of Plastic Arts - Bergen (Norway) 80 2nd congress. Dubrovnik (Yugoslavia) 1004 30 Sept - 10 Oct — Int. Commission on Rules for the Approval of Electrical Equipment 23-29 Sept — Sociology - 17th int. congress. - autumn meeting. Baden-Baden Beirut (Germany) 750 24-27 Sept — European Productivity Agency - trade unionists' seminar on changes in Sept — Sociétés de Philosophie de Langue office technique. Stockholm 19 Française - 9th congress. Aix en Provence (France) 24 Sept - 15 Oct — World Meteorological Orga- nization - Executive Committee - 9th Sept — Int. Confederation for Popular Credit session. Geneva 11 - general assembly. Canada 543 * 25-26 Sept — Int. Meeting on Air Pollution in Sept — Int. Association of Legal Science - the Iron and Steel Industry. London congress and colloquia. Chicago (Ill, USA) 354 25-30 Sept — Int. Union of Railway Medical Sept — Int. Chestnut Commission - meeting. Services - 7th congress. Paris 938 Geneva 59 26-28 Sept — European Dietetic Conference. Madrid Sept — Co-ordinating Secretariat of National Unions of Students - 7th int. student con- 26 Sept - 2 Oct — Int. Association of Penal Law ference. Ibadan (Nigeria) - 7th congress. Athens 351 Sept — The Jungfraujoch Scientific Station - 27-29 Sept — Int. Conference on Influence of biennial council meeting. Living and Working Conditions on Health. Interlaken (Switzerland) 826 Cannes (France) * Sept — European Council for Nuclear Research 28 Sept - 2 Oct — Pax Romana, Missionary - int. meeting on high energy physics. Secretariat - university congress. Theme : Moscow 114 Fraternity without frontiers. Angers (France) 988 Sept — Int. Association of Art Critics - con- 28 Sept - 10 Oct — FAO - Near East Forestry gress and general assembly. Commission - 2nd session. Baghdad 3 Naples/Palermo (Italy) 1006 29 Sept - 3 Oct — Int. Association of Chiefs of Sept — Int. Symposium on the Dead Sea Police - 64th annual conference. Scrolls. New York Honolulu + Sept — Int. Union of Pure and Applied Physics 29 Sept - 3 Oct — Int. Catholic Press Union - - colloquium on nuclear interaction of 5th world congress. Theme : The Catholic neutrons. New York 838 press and public opinion. Vienna 154 Sept — UN - 8th conference on technical 29 Sept - 4 Oct — World Union of Catholic Women's Organizations - world congress. assistance. New York 1 Themes : The work of Catholic women throughout the world; the development Sept — Engineering Education and Training of Christian character; hunger in the - 3rd int. conference. Paris world. Rome 1103 • Sept — Pan American Institute of Geography 29 Sept - 5 Oct — World Medical Association and History - 5th consultation on geo- - 11th general assembly. graphy and 4th consultation on history. Istanbul (Turkey) 426 Quito 96

ASSOCIATIONS INTERNATIONALES, 1957, N° 6 383 1957 Septembre 1957 September

Yearbook Yearbook

Sept — European Union of Women - general Sept — Commonwealth of World Citizens - assembly. Strasbourg: (France) general assembly. Not fixed 331 Sept — Pax Romana/ICMICA - study week on technical assistance. The Hague 206 Sept or Oct — The English Speaking Union of + Sept — Pan American Sanitary Organization - the Commonwealth - 3rd post-war E.S.U. council and committee meetings. world branches conference. Canada 306 Washington DC 116 Sept or Oct — Int. (Railway) wagon Union - Sept — Int. Union of Marine Insurance - committee and general assembly. congress. Not fixed 731 Nice (France) 739

OCTOBRE 1957 OCTOBER • 1 Oct — Int. Atomic Energy Agency - 1st 10-12 Oct — Association of European Music general conference. Vienna 21 Festivals - general assembly. Vienna 1002 1-4 Oct — Centro Studi e Scambi Interna- 10-17 Oct — World Council of Churches - 11th zionali - congress on int. cultural colla- consultation of European ecumenical and boration. Paris national youth secretaries. 2-5 Oct — Thomas Institute, University of Hamburg (Germany) 184 Cologne - 8th int. congress of medievalists. * 11-14 Oct — World Federation for the Protec- 2-12 Oct — European Passenger Time-Table tion of Animals - council meeting. Conference (Railways) - int. delegate Copenhagen 405 conference. Naples (Italy) 718 13-18 Oct — American Society of Travel Agents + 4-7 Oct — European Federation of Chemical - 27th annual convention and world travel Engineering - annual meeting for pro- cng. Madrid cessing engineers. Stuttgart 14 oct — Permanent Committee of Int. (Germany) 765 Congresses of Actuaries - 15th congress. 4-14 Oct — World Federation of Trade Unions New York 799 - 4th world congress. Leipzig • 14-20 Oct — Junior Chamber Int. - 12th world (Germany) 523 congress. Tokyo 645 + 5 Oct — Int. Brotherhood of Ventriloquists 15-18 Oct — Int. Conference on Industrial De- - 3rd convention. London velopment. San Francisco • 6-8 Oct — Brucellosis - 4th Inter-American (Cal, USA) Congress. Lima 16-18 Oct — Association des Médecins de lan- e • 6-11 Oct — Int. Federation of Forwarding gue française - 31 congrès. Paris Agents Associations - biennial congress. * 16-18 Oct — Int. Conférence on Plant Meta- Amsterdam (Netherlands) 450 bolism and Pest Control Chemicals. • 6-12 Oct — Int. Astronautical Federation - Washington DC congress. Barcelona (Spain) 809 16-23 Oct — Int. Union of Biochemistry - int. + 6-12 Oct — Int. Federation of Workers' Travel symposium on enzyme chemistry. Associations - annual congress. Tokyo/Kyoto 832 (Germany) 1067 17 Oct — General Agreement on Tariffs and 6-13 Oct — Permanent Committee for Inter- Trade - 12th session. Geneva 13 national Congresses of the Apostolate of 17-19 Oct — Factory Hygiene Medical Congress the Laity - 2nd world congress. Thème : and Exhibition, Dusseldorf Les laïcs dans la crise du monde moderne; responsabilités et formation. 18-20 Oct — Int. College of Surgeons - Euro- Rome 171 pean congress. Vienna 871 7 Oct — World Children's Day. • 18-21 Oct — Int. Society of Angiology - 3rd congress. Atlantic City (N.J., USA) 913 418 • 20 Oct — Pan Indian Ocean Science Asso- * 7-12 Oct — Inter-Governmental Committee for ciation - 3rd congress. Antananarivo European Migration - Council : 7th session. Geneva 40 (Madagascar) 7-12 Oct — FAO - Fishing gear congress. • 20-25 Oct — Social Work - 3rd pan american Hamburg (Germany) 3 congress. San Juan (Puerto Rico) • 8-11 Oct — Int. Union of Aviation Insurers - Annual general meeting. Amsterdam (Netherlands) 733

ASSOCIATIONS INTERNATIONALES, 1957, N° 6 385 1957 Octobre Yearbook 1957 October 20-27 Oct — Int. Society of Surgery - 17th congress. Theme : Cancer. Yearbook Mexico, D.F. 920 n° 21-23 Oct — Int. Society for Fat Research - Oct — Int. Union of National Associations of 2nd congress. Paris Hotel. Restaurant and Cafe Keepers - congress. Cologne (Germany) 471 * 21-25 Oct — UNESCO - meeting of experts on importation of educational, scientific and Oct — Int. Catholic Association for Radio and cultural materials. Geneva 4 Television - general assembly. Theme : 21-25 Oct — Int. Silk Association - 6th con- radio-television and the child. Geneva 1001 gress. New York 559Oct — Librarians of the Americas - 3rd assembly. Havana 21-26 Oct — Int. Planned Parenthood Fede- • Oct — Int. Congress of National Libraries. ration - regional conference for Europe, Havana Near East, Africa. Berlin 402 Oct — Union of Int. Fairs - 24th congress. • 21-30 Oct — FAO - Near East survey on vete- rinary education. Teheran 3 Leipzig (Germany) 656 * 21 Oct - 2 Nov — ILO - 137th session of govern- * Oct — Int. Union of Pure and Applied Physics ing body. Geneva 2 - colloquium on non-metallic solids. Leningrad (USSR) 838 21 Oct - 9 Nov — Permanent Central Opium Board/Drug: Supervisory Body - sessions. Oct — Int. Association of Milk and Food Geneva 15 Sanitarians - meeting. Louisville (Ky, USA) + 22-29 Oct — FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Nutrition - 5th session. Rome 3/9 Oct — Int. Confederation of Professional and Intellectual Workers - congress. Madrid 434 24 Oct — United Nations Day. 1 Oct — Technical Assistance Board - 40th 24 Oct — FAO - committee on relations with session. New York 14 int. organizations. Rome 3 Oct — World Meteorological Organization, • 24 Oct - 7 Nov — Int. Committee of the Red Commission for Bibliography and Publi- Cross/League of Red Cross Societies - cations - 2nd session. Paris 11 19th int. Red Cross conference. New Delhi 409/395 Oct — FAO - European Crop Improvement Association - meeting. Rome 3 26-30 Oct — Int. Associations of Skal Clubs - 18th congress. Dublin 1036 Oct — Int. Union of Socialist Youth - congress. Rome 343 28-30 Oct — Int. Confederation for Agricultural Credit - 3rd congress. Paris 688 Oct — European Federation of Mechanical Handling - 5th annual congress. Vienna 615 28-31 Oct — FAO - 27th session of council. Rome 3 Oct — Int. City Managers' Association - 43rd annual conference. 28 Oct - 1 Nov — UN - Economic Commission Washington DC for Europe - timber committee. Geneva. 1 30 Oct - 12 Nov — Int. Society of Angiology - Oct — European Society of Culture - 7th 3rd int. congress. Mexico City 913 general assembly. Not fixed 1029 e + Oct — Conference of Independent States of Oct — Fédération Int. des Résistants - 3 Africa. Accra congrès. Non fixé 310 Oct — Int. League of Commercial Travellers Autumn — Theory and Problems of Elemen- and Agents - congress. Athens 466 tary Particles - int. conference. Poland Oct — Int. Medical Congress of Countries of French Language in the Americas. Autumn — Int. Centre for the Study of Ancient Cayenne Textiles - general assembly. Not fixed Oct — Ibero-American Education Office - + Autumn — Int. Federation of Unions of Em- 3rd Ibero-American Congress on Edu- ployees in Public and Civil Services - cation. Ciudad Trujillo 106 conference of water, gas and electricity workers. Not fixed 493

ASSOCIATIONS INTERNATIONALES, 1957, N° 6 387 NOVEMBRE 1957 NOVEMBER Yearbook Yearbook n° 2-8 Nov — American Society for Metals - • 14-24 Nov — Inter-American Bar Association - 2nd world metallurgical congress. 10th conference. Buenos-Aires 350 Chicago (Ill, USA) 15-23 Nov — Accounting - 4th inter-american 2-10 Nov — Measuring Instruments and Auto- conference. Santiago (Chile) mation - int. congress and exhibition. 18 Nov — Int. Air Transport Association - Dusseldorf (Germany) 10th technical conference. Miami 2-22 Nov — FAO - 9th session of conference. (Flo, USA) 704 Rome 3 18-30 Nov — Int. Union for the Protection of 3 NOV — Int. Union of Official Travel Orga- Industrial Property - diplomatic confer- nizations - 12th general assembly. ence. Lisbon 126 New York, Washington DC 735 18 Nov - 9 Dec — Pacific Science Association - 3-8 Nov — Non-Destructive Testing - 2nd int, 9th pacific science congress. Bangkok 790 conference. Chicago (Ill, USA) 24 Nov - 3 Dec — World Association of Travel 3-9 Nov — Endocrinology - Pan American Agencies - congress. New Delhi 672 congress. Buenos Aires 25-29 Nov — Int. Press Institute - Asian Con- 3-9 Nov — Pharmaceutical and Biochemical ference. Kandy (Ceylon) 151 Congress - 4th Pan American. Washington DC Nov — UNESCO - Marine science advisory 4-9 Nov — Int. Union of Official Tourist committee. Bangkok 4 Organizations - 12th congress. New York, Washington 735 * 4-11 Nov — UNESCO, Japanese National Com- mission - seminar on int. exchange of • Nov — Caribbean Commission - 7th session of publications in Indo-Pacific area. Tokyo 4 West Indian conference. Curaçao 47 6-8 Nov — Bureau int. de la Récupération - * Nov — UNESCO Regional Office for Latin meetings of experts and council. America - int. symposium on migration of London 570 fish. Havana 4 8-13 Nov — European Goods Trains Time- Nov — Commission for Technical Co-operation Table Conference - Autumn session. in Africa South of the Sahara - 2nd Split (Yugoslavia) 717 inter-African conference on statistics. Lourenco Marques 46 9-24 Nov — Int. Vegetarian Union - 15th world conference. Bombay (India) 940 + Nov — Int. Association of Democratic Lawyers 11 Nov - 1 Dec — World Meteorological Orga- - session. Moscow 353 nization - Regional Association III (South Nov — UN - Technical Assistance Committee. America) - 2nd session. Caracas 11 New York 1 • 13-26 Nov — ILO - 4th Asian Regional Confer- Nov — UN - Commission on Int. Commodity ence. New Delhi 7 14-22 Nov — Pan-Pacific Surgical Association Trade. Not fixed 1 - 7th congress. Honolulu 867 Nov — Int. Federation of Travel Agencies - 32nd congress. Not fixed 624 Nov — European Productivity Agency - conference on working class lodgings. Not fixed 19 DECEMBRE 1957 DECEMBER

2-10 Dec — Commonwealth Parliamentary As- Dec — UN - Economic and Social Council - sociation - conference. New Delhi 24th session resumed. New York 1 289 * Dec — UNESCO - International Advisory 10 Dec — UN - Rights of Man Day. 1 Committee on bibliography, 4th session. Paris 4 * 11-12 Dec — Int. Meeting on Water Pollution in the Iron and Steel Industry. London Dec — Pan American Coordinating Committee 25 Dec — The Theosophical Society - int. of Congresses on Agricultural Sciences - convention. Adyar, Madras (India) 210 2nd round table conference on coffee. Dec — Int. Commission of Agricultural Indus- Santa Tecla (El Salvador) 91 tries/Bureau of Analytical Chemistry of + Dec — Action Committee for the Congress of Human and Animal Food - symposium on European Peoples - congress. Theme : food processing. Istanbul 33/58 European Constituent Assembly. • Dec — Commission for Technical Co-operation Turin (Italy) in Africa South of the Sahara - regional Dec 1957 - Jan 1958 — International Mission- conference on sea fisheries. nary Council - assembly. Gold Coast 181 Lobito (Angola) 46 ASSOCIATIONS INTERNATIONALES, 1957, N° 6 389 1958

Yearbook Yearbook

15 Jan — World Calendar Association - • Spring — Int. Commission for Agricultural In- int. meeting. Ottawa 288 dustries - 11th congress, Hamburg (Germany) 58 * 21 Jan - 14 Feb — WMO Commission for Syn- optic Meteorology - 2nd session. • 5-10 May — Int. Federation of Prestressing - New Delhi 11 congress on prestressed concrete. Berlin + Jan — World Federation of Catholic Young 6-8 May — Office Généalogique et Héraldique Women and Girls - int. council and study de Belgique - 4e congrès int. des sciences session. Mexico 1096 généalogiques et héraldiques. Thème : Jan — Int. Union of Pure and Applied Phy- Bibliographie, législation, publication, ar- sics - colloquium on magnetism. chives, expositions. Brussels New Delhi 838 6-9 May — Int. Optical Commission - collo- * 1 Feb — Pan American Association of Oph- quium. Brussels 838 thalmology - 5th interim congress. 8 May — World Red Cross Day. New York 866 * Feb — Inter-American Academy of Compara- tive and International Law - annual 394/395 meeting. Havana • 13-17 May — Int. Olympic Committee - 54th • Feb — Institute of Pacific Relations - 13th session. Tokyo 1038 conference. Lahore (Pakistan) 263 + 16-18 May — Social Problems of Organization • Mar — UN - conference on maritime law. of Labour - 11th int. conference. Geneva 1 Royaumont (France) • Max — Int. College of Surgeons - 23rd annual • 18-21 May — World Federation for the Protec- congress. Los Angeles tion of Animals - congress. (Cal, USA) 871 Zurich (Switzerland) 405 + Mar — Inter-American Regional Organization • 18-24 May — Inter-American Association of of Workers of the ICFTU - 4th congress. Sanitary Engineering - 6th congress. Montevideo 490 San Juan Bautista (Puerto Rico) Mar — Conference of Representatives from the • 19-24 May — Association des Industriels de Engineering Societies of Western Europe Belgique / Association Nationale pour la and USA - 1st int. meeting. USA 758 Prévention des Accidents du Travail - * 11-14 Apr — World Federation for the Pro- 2nd world congress on the prevention of tection of Animals - council meeting. accidents. Brussels 2/378 Luxembourg 405 + 21-23 May — Bureau int. de la Recuperation - annual general assembly. Brussels 570 14 April — Pan-American Day. 24-31 May — Int. Water Supply Association - 4th triennial congress. Brussels 741 107 + 24 May - 1 Jun — Int. Olympic Committee - • 16-19 Apr — Int. Academy of Legal Medicine and of Social Medicine - 5th congress. 3rd Asian Games. Tokyo 1038 Madrid 845 25-29 May — Int. Society of Gastro-Enterology - 3rd world congress. + 24-26 Apr — Int. Society of Internal Medicine - Washington DC 922 meeting. Philadelphia (Pa, USA) 923 + 27-31 May — Int. Association of Confectionery 28 Apr - 3 May — European Confederation of - general assembly. Brussels 563 Agriculture - meeting of rural youth. 28 May - 8 Jun — European Federation of Chemical Engineering - 14th meeting ; European Federation of Corrosion - 2nd 685 congress. Brussels/Frankfurt a,M. 765 • Easter — Int. Association for Child Psychia- 31 May - 8 Jun — Rassemblement Européen des try and Allied Professions - congress. Arts Chimiques - 12th congress and exhi- Theme : The Child from six to ten years bition. Frankfurt/.M of age. Lisbon 858 (Germany) Spring — Socialist Int. - experts' conference on party organization. Berg-Neustadt (Germany) 341

ADDENDUM June - Juin 1957 June - Juin 1957 12-16 Jun — Conférence int. de l'Antarctique 27-28 Jun — Union int. des planteurs et pro- (Institut Géographique, 140, rue de Gre- ducteurs de tabac - congrès (2, rue Paul nelle, Paris). Paris Escudier, Paris). Paris

ASSOCIATIONS INTERNATIONALES, 1957, N° 6 391 Yearbook Yearbook

May — PEN Club - int congress. Brussels 309 + 17-21 Jun — Metallurgical Research - int. May — Int Federation of Catholic Workers' congress. Liège (Belgium) Movements - 4th congress. Brussels 458 • 22-28 Jun — Int. Federation of Gynecology May — Int. Social Security Association - 13th and Obstetrics - 2nd congress. general meeting. London 378 Montreal (Canada) 891 + May — Int. Federation of Master Bakers - + 23-28 Jun — Int. Union of Pure and Applied congress. Munich (Germany) 482 Phyiscs - meeting on " very low tempe- ratures ". Leiden (Netherlands) 838 May — Int. Catholic Film Office - 8th congress and general council meeting. 23-28 Jun — 3rd int. conference on the pre- Theme : La promotion des bons films par paration of coal. Liège l'action sur le grand public. Paris 1027 (Belgium) + May — Inter-American Municipal Organi- zation - 7th congress. Rio de Janeiro 372 24-27 Jun — Union des Carrières et Scieries de Marbre de Belgique - 7th int. marble May — Int. Union for Health Education of the congress. Brussels Public - 4th conference. USA 939 25 Jun - l Jul — Int. Society of Urology - May — Fédération Int. du Thermalisme et du 11th congress. Stockholm 917 Climatisme - int. congress. Not fixed 898 • 30 Jun - 8 Jul — Int. Union of Producers and Whitsuntide — European Seismological Com- Distributors of Electric Power - congress. mission - meeting. Utrecht Lausanne (Switzerland) 668 (Netherlands) 829 Jun — Confédération Int. du Crédit Popu- May/Jun — Int. Aeronautical Federation - 51st laire - congress. Brussels 543 general conference. Brussels 719 + Jun — European General Galvanizers Asso- 2-6 Jun — Int. Association of Seed Crushers - ciation - congress. Brussels congress. Brussels 562 + Jun — Int. Professional Union of Gynecolo- • 2-7 Jun — 7th Int. Mechanical Engineering gists and Obstetricians - congress. Congress. Seheveningen Brussels 486 (Netherlands) 601 Jun — Int. Institute of Welding - annual • 4-14 Jun — Int. Conference on Large Electric assembly. Brussels 768 Systems - 17th session. Paris 759 + Jun — Inter-American Commission of Women 8-15 Jun — Int. Social Law Society - 2nd con- - 13th assembly. Cuba 55 gress. Brussels, Ghent, Louvain 373 + 9-11 Jun — Int. Study Session on Water. + Jun — Int. Federation of Automobile Engi- neers' and Technicians' Associations - Brussels and Liège 8th congress. Paris 767 • 9-21 June — Int. Organization for Standard- ization - triennial general assembly. Jun — Int. Association for Analogy Compu- tation - 1st general assembly. Harrogate (UK) 769 Strasbourg (France) 789 • 16-21 Jun — Int. Union of Family Organi- zations - world congress. Paris 419 • Jun — Early Middle Ages - 7th int. congress. 16-28 Jun — General Conference of Seventh Vienna Day Adventists. Cleveland • 12-18 Jul — Int. Order of Good Templars - (Ohio, USA) 176 World congress. The Hague 202

A ceux de nos lecteurs qui ne conservent pas la Special appeal collection de « Associations Internationales », nous We would be particularly grateful to those of serions reconnaissants pour le retour à notre our readers who do not keep complete files of adresse des numéros récente épuisés dont eux- " International Associations " to sens us copies mêmes n'auraient plus l'usage et dont la liste suit. of the following back numbers which may be in Numéros épuisés : their possession. 1956 n° 3 (mars) 1956 No. 3 (March) 1956 n° 10 (octobre) 1956 No. 10 (October) 1956 n° 11 (novembre) 1956 No. 11 (November) 1957 n° 1 (janvier). 1957 No. 1 (January).

392 INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATIONS, 1957, No 6