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Congar and Chenu Friend, Teacher, Brother.Indd 1 17-08-2019 15:49:59 Interfacetheology 3/1 2017 InterfaceTheology: Congar and Chenu. Friend, Teacher, Brother InterfaceTheology: Congar and Chenu. Friend, Teacher, Volume 3, InterfaceTheology Congar and Chenu Number 1/ 2017 Friend, Teacher, Brother Interface/Theology 6/1 2019 Table of Contents 1. Two brothers: Chenu and Congar Timothy Radcliffe OP 2. Yves Congar OP A Man of the Church, a Man of faith, a Man of the Gospel Eric T de Clermont-Tonnerre OP 3. Congar and Chenu: Inside and Outside Vatican II Janette Gray RSM 4. Congar, Chenu and Cardijn at Vatican II Stefan Gigacz 5. Christifideles Sine Additio or Indoles Saecularis: Yves Congar’s Description of the Laity in Dialogue with Contemporary Trends Christian Raab, OSB 6. Meeting Yves Congar Thomas Franklin O’Meara OP 7. Sermon for the Funeral of our brother Cardinal Yves Congar OP Timothy Radcliffe OP 8. List of Contributors THEOLOGY www.atfpress.com Making a lasting impact THEOLOGY Text copyright © 2017 remains with the authors and for the collection with ATF Press. All rights reserved. Except for any fair dealing permitted under the Copyright Act, no part of the publication may be reproduced by any means without prior permission. Inquiries should be made in the first instance with the publisher. InterfaceTheology: Volume 3, Number 1, 2017 Editor Board Revd Dr John Capper, University of Divinity, Melbourne Dr Philip Kariatlis, St Andrews Greek Orthodox Theological College, Sydney Editorial Manager Mr Hilary Regan, Publisher, ATF Theology, PO Box 504 Hindmarsh. SA 5007, Australia. Fax +61 8 82235643. International Reference Group Rev Dr Vicky Balabanksi, Uniting College for Leadership and Theology, Adelaide Rev Dr Ted Peters, Pacific Lutheran Theological School, Berkley Rev Dr Murray Rae, University of Otago, Dunedin Subscription rates Print: Local: Individual Aus $55, Institutions Aus $65. Overseas: Individuals US $60, Institutions US $65. Interface Theology is a biannual refereed journal of theology published in print, epub and open access by ATF Press in Australia. The journal is a scholarly ecumenical and interdisciplinary publication, aiming to serve the church and its mission, promoting a broad based interpretation of Christian theology within a trinitarian context, encouraging dialogue between Christianity and other faiths, and exploring the interface between faith and culture. It is published in English for an international audience. ISSN 2203-465X Cover design by Astrid Sengkey. Text Minion Pro Size 11 978-1-925679-16-8 soft 978-1-925679-17-5 hard 978-1-925679-18-2 epub 978-1-925679-19-9 pdf THEOLOGY An imprint of ATF Theology part of the ATF Press Publishing Group. ATF (Australia) Ltd. PO Box 504 Hindmarsh SA 5007 Australia www.atfpress.com Making a lasting impact Congar and Chenu Friend, Teacher, Brother.indd 1 17-08-2019 15:49:59 InterfaceTheology 3/1 2017 Cardijn and Congar at Vatican II Stefan Gigacz Introduction ‘I was ordained a priest on 25 July 1930. From that moment, the Young Christian Workers (movement) became a heartfelt cause for me’, wrote Yves Congar in a 1975 letter to Marguerite Fiévez, archivist of the movement’s founder Joseph Cardijn.1 Soon after, by now teaching and researching at the Dominican study centre, Le Saulchoir, at Kain near Tournai in Belgium, he would begin to preach retreats to leaders of the YCW. A little later, he would meet Cardijn himself, beginning a working relationship and friendship that would last until the Second Vatican Council when Cardijn, now a Cardinal with a global profile, asked Congar, who had also become a theologian of world renown, to assist him in preparing his conciliar speeches. This paper traces the story of that partnership from the ‘golden age’ of the YCW in France and Belgium during the 1930s, through the challenging and dark days of the late 1940s and 1950s when ten- sions over the worker priests led to Congar’s ‘exile’ first to Cambridge and then to Strasbourg, and finally to the years of triumph at the Council. 1. « J’ai été ordonné prêtre le 25 juillet 1930. Dès ce moment, la JOC a été pour moi une cause chère. » Letter to Cardijn’s archivist and former secretary, Marguerite Fiévez, 22 October 1975. Translation of this and other unpublished texts into English by myself. Cardijn Archives, Brussels, 1970. 31 Congar and Chenu Friend, Teacher, Brother.indd 31 06-08-2019 17:33:03 32 Congar and Chenu Friend, Teacher, Brother The ‘Golden Age’ of the YCW 1925–1939 The Saulchoir at Kain The Saulchoir study centre was established at Kain in an old Cister- cian abbey in 1904 following the expulsions from France of Catholic religious.2 By the time that Congar arrived there as a student in late 1926,3 it was already a well-established intellectual bridge between Belgium and France. Moreover, it was a study centre whose “historical” approach to theology and philosophy would soon become problematic in the eyes of the Holy See and lead to its eventual transfer back to France. Probably no-one has better described this ethos of the Saulchoir than Congar’s close friend and elder, Fr MD Chenu: ‘Our decisive approach is this: the theologian is he who dares to speak humanly of the Word of God.’4 As Chenu wrote in his controversial book on the Saulchoir, this implied being “present in our time,” words that would echo through to Vatican II and beyond. “Theologically speaking,” Chenu wrote, “this means being present to the facts revealed in the present life of the Church and the current experience of Christendom.”5 And the Dominicans of the Saulchoir were very deeply involved in both the life of the Church and the world of that period. Among the masters Congar would meet at Le Saulchoir was the philosopher AD Sertillanges,6 thomist philosopher, who had been close to the Sillon, the pioneering lay movement created by Marc Sangnier that would become the prototype for the YCW and other Specialised Catholic Action movements. In 1916, Sertillanges had already published his major work La philosophie morale de Saint Thomas d’Aquin which 2. MD Chenu, Une école de théologie, Le Théologie (Kain-lez-Tournai – Etiolles: Le Saulchoir, 1937), 32. 3. Jean Puyo and Yves Congar, Une vie pour la vérité, Jean Puyo interroge le Père Congar (Paris: Centurion, 1975), 30. 4. « Nous voici à la démarche décisive : le théologien est celui qui ose parler humainement la Parole de Dieu. » Chenu, Une école de théologie, 69–70. 5. « Être présent à son temps, disions-nous. Nous y voici. Théologiquement parlant, c’est être présent au donné révélé dans la vie présente de l’Église et l’expérience actuelle de la Chrétienté. » Chenu, Une école de théologie, 67. 6. AD Sertillanges, La philosophie morale de Saint Thomas d’Aquin (Paris: Felix Alcan, 1916). Congar and Chenu Friend, Teacher, Brother.indd 32 06-08-2019 17:33:03 Stefan Gigacz 33 would contribute greatly to providing a philosophical foundation to Cardijn’s see-judge-act method. Indeed, the French Dominicans during the 1930s were a hotbed of former Sillon activists including the jurists Georges Renard and Joseph Delos, who would eventually also become a peritus at Vati- can II. Another Dominican, the Belgian Ceslas Rutten, who had been Cardijn’s superior in charge of social work in the Malines archdiocese, went to work in a coal mine for three months as part of an enquiry into worker conditions and may also have been involved in an abor- tive project to introduce the Sillon in Brussels. In such a context of enthusiasm for social action, it was almost inevitable that the newly ordained Yves Congar would seek out the YCW almost as soon as he was ordained. Preaching retreats to the YCW In fact, as a 1936 article by MD Chenu, La JOC au Saulchoir, makes clear by 1933 the Dominican community had already committed to work closely with the YCW and the emerging ‘Specialised Catholic Action’ movements. Chenu himself had been in contact with the YCW since 1928 when chaplains from the new YCW in the Lille region began to cross the border to reflect at the Saulchoir where Chenu was in charge of hosting them.7 From that time, the Dominicans launched regular retreats for these movements in Paris and Lille in France as well as the Saulchoir in Belgium.8 7. Jacque Duquesne and MD Chenu, Un théologien en liberté, Jacques Duquesne interroge le Père Chenu (Paris: Centurion, 1975), 57. 8. « Il ne s’agissait pas seulement, en effet, de recevoir quelques amateurs de silence et d’émotion claustrale, mais bien de faire participer effectivement, par la liturgie et par la doctrine, des groupes de laïcs à la vie spirituelle—à la vie tout court—d’un couvent dominicain. C’est dans ce contexte que, depuis trois ans, se sont établies des retraites, individuelles ou collectives, à l’usage des « mouvements spécialisés », très particulièrement à l’usage de la J.O.C. dans ses divers éléments, dirigeants, militants, propagandistes, aumôniers surtout. Rencontre trop naturelle pour qu’on n’y voie pas une garantie réciproque de bon travail. » MD Chenu, La JOC au Saulchoir, in La Parole de Dieu II, L’Evangile dans le temps, Cogitatio Fidei Series (Paris: Cerf, 1964), 271–274. In fact, Congar’s first retreats for the YCW were held in November 1932. See below. Congar and Chenu Friend, Teacher, Brother.indd 33 06-08-2019 17:33:03 34 Congar and Chenu Friend, Teacher, Brother It was not just a matter of receiving a few amateurs in cloistered silence and emotion but of truly enabling groups of lay people to effectively participate, through the liturgy and doctrine in the whole life of a Dominican convent.
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