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M. Tullii Ciceronis

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M. Tullii Ciceronis M. TULLII CICERONIS ORATIONES DE PR0VI3VCIIS CONSUIARIBUS, PRO L. CORNELIO BALBO, IN L. CALPURNICM P1SONEM, PRD CN. P1ANCI0, PRO C. RABIRIO POSTUMO. RECOGNOV1T REINHOLDUS KLOTZ. LIPSIAE SUMPTIBUS ET TYPIS B. G. TEUBNERI. MDCCCLVII. s? о i- M. TULLII CICERONIS DE PROVINCIIS CONSUtARIBUS ORATIO. ARGUMENTUM. Quum Cn. Cornelio Lentulo L. Marcio Philippo coss. anno p. u. c 698 provinciáé decernendae a senatu essent duae, e lege Sempronia, qua hoc erat sancitum, ut ante comitia consularia senatus decerneret, in quas provincias, qui designarentnr consules, postconsulatumirent, et de quattuor provinciis sententiae essent dictae, de Galliis dnabus, quae ilio tempore uno C. Caesaris imperio erant coniunctae, et de Syria et Macedonia, quarum illam L. Calpurnius Piso, hane A. Gabinius ob- tinebat imperio consulari, M. Tullins sententiam rogatus hao ipsa, quae infra legitur, oratione censuit consulibus, qui designarentur, in annum 700. provincias Syriam et Macedoniam esse deeernendas ita, ut eas pro- ximo quidemanno p. u.c.999. duopraetoresobtinerent, C. autemCaesari duas Gallias coniuncto imperio esse relinquendas, cui aut citeriorem Galliam aut ulteriorem non nulli detrahere studebant. Dictis a sena- toribus sententiis senatus consultum in banc sententiam factum est, ut C. quidem Caesari impérium utriusque Galliae prorogaretur, L. autem Pisoni Q. Aneharius in Macedonia et A. Gabinio in Syria M. Licinius Crassus succederent. · . I. 1. Si quis vestrum, patres conscripti, exspeetat quas sim provincias decreturus, consideret ipse secum qui mihi homines ex provinciis potissimum detrahendi sint: non du- bitabit quid me sentire conveniat, q.uum quid mihi sentire ne- cesse sit cogitarit. Ac si princeps eam sententiam dicerem, iaudarelis profecto: si solus, certe ignosceretis: etiam si paullo minus ulilis vobis sententia videretur, veniam tamen aliquam dolori meo tribueretis. Nunc vero, patres conscripti, non parva adficiôr voluplate, vel quod hoc maxime rei pu- blicae conducit, Syriam Macedoniamque decerni, ut dolor meus nihil a communi utilitate dissentiat, vei quod habeo au- ctorem P. Servilium, qui ante me sententiam dixit, virum cla- rissimum et quum in universal« rem publicam tum etiam erga meam salutem fide ac benevolentia singulari. 2. Quod si ille et paullo ante et quotienscumque ei locus dicendi ac pote- stas fuit, Gabinium et Pisonem, duo rei publicae porlenta ac 7* ' - 9 ' ÍOO DE PROVINCES CONSULAR1BUS ORATIO. >• 2 paene funera, quum propter alias causas tum maxime pro- pter illud insigne scelus eorum et importunam in me crudeli- tatem non solum sententia sua, sed etiam verborum gravitate esse notandos putavit, quonam me animo in eos esse oportet, cuius ilii salulem pro pignore tradiderunt ad explendas suas eupiditates? Sed ego in hac sententia dicenda non parebo dolori meo, non iracundiae serviam. Quo animo unus quis- que vestrum debet esse in illos, hoc ero·· praecipuum ilium et proprium sensum doloris mei, quem tarnen, vos communem semper vobis mecum esse duxistis, a sententia dicenda amo- vebo, ad ulciscendi tempora reservabo. II. 3. Quattuor sunt provinciáé, patres coriscripti, de qui- bus adhuc intelligo sentenlias esse dictas : Galiiae duae, quas hoc tempore uno imperio videmus esse coniunctas, et Syria et Macedonia, quas vobis invitis et oppressis pestiferi i 11 í consules pro eversae rei publicae praemiis occupaverunt. Decernendae nobis sunt lege Sempronia duae. Quid est quod possimus de Syria Macedoniaque dubitare? Mitlo, quod eas ita parias habent ii, qui nunc obtinent, ut non ante atti- gerint quam hiine ordinem condemnarint, quam auctoritatem vestram e civitale exterminarint, quam iidem publicam, quam perpetuam populi Romani salutem, quam me ac meos omnes foedissime crudelissimeque vexarint. 4- Omnia domestica atque urbana mitto: quae tanta sunt, ut numquam Hannibal huic urbi tantum mali optarit, quantum illi effecerint: ad ipsas venio provincias : quarum Macedonia, quae erat antea munita plurimorum imperatorum non turribus, sed tropaeis, quae multis victoriis erat iam diu triumphisque pacata, sic a barbaris, quibus est propter avariliam pax erepla, vexatur, ut Thessalonicenses positi in gremio imperii nostri relinquere oppidum et arcem munire cogantur-, ut via illa nostra, quae per Macedoniam est usque ad Hellespontum militaris, non so- lum excursionibus barbarorum sit infesta, sed etiam caslris Threciis distincta ac notata. Ita genles eae, quae, ut pace uterentur, vim argenti dederant praeclaro nostro imperatori, ut exliaustas domos replere possent, pro empta pace bellum nobis prope iustum intulerunt. 5. Iam vero exercitus noster ille superbissimo delectu 3 CAP. 2—4. §.2 — 7. 101 et durissima conquisitione collectas omnis interiit. Magno hoc dico cum dolore. III. Miserandum in modum milites po- puli Romani capti, necati, deserti, dissipati sunt, 'incuria, fame, morbo, vastitate consumpti, ut, quodestindignissimum, scelus imperatoris in poenam exercitus expetivisse videatur. Atque hanc Macedoniam, domitis iam gentibus finitimis bar- bariaque compressa, paeatam ipsam per se et quietam, te- nui praesidio atque exigua manu, etiam sine imperio, per le- gatos, nomine ipso populi Romani tuebamur : quae nunc con- sulari imperio atque exercitu ita vexata est, vix ut se possit diuturna pace recreare': quum interea quis vestrum hoc non audivit, quis ign'orat Achaeos ingentem pecuniam pendere L. Pisoni quotannis, vectigal ac portorium Dyrrhaehinorum totum in huius unius quaeslum esse conversum, urbem By- ' zantiorum vobis atque huic imperio fidelissimam hostiiem in modum es£e vexatam? quo ille, postea quam nihil expri- mere ab egentibus, nihil ulla vi a miseris extorquere potait, cohortes in hiberna misit: iis praeposuit quos pulavit fore diligentissimos satellites scelerum , » ministros cupiditatum suarum. 6. Omitto iuris dictionem in libera civitate contra leges senatusque consulta, caedes relinquo, libidines prae- tereo : quarum acerbissimum exstat indicium et ad insignem memoriam turpitudinis et paene ad iustum odium imperii nostri, quod constat nobilissimas virgines se in puteos ab- iecisse et morte voiunlaria necessariam turpitudinem depu- lisse. Nee haec idcirco omitto, quod non gravissima sint, sed quia nunc sine teste dico. IV. Ipsam vero urbem Byzan- tiorum fuisse refertissimam atque ornatissimam signis quis ignorât ? quae illi exhausti sumptibus bellisque maximis, quum Mithridaticos impetus totumque Pontum armatum efferve- scentem in Asiani atque erumpentem ore, repulsum etcer- " vicibus interclusum suis sustinerent, tum, inquam, Byzantii et postea signa Illa et reliqua urbis ornamenta sanctissime custodita tenuerunt: 7. te imperatore infelicissimo et taeter- rimo, Caesonine Calventi, civitas libera et prò eximiis suis beneficiis à senatu et a populo Romano liberata sic spoliata atque nudata est, ut, nisi C. Vergilius legatas, fortis vir et innocens, intervenisset, unum signum Byzantii ex maximo 102 DE PROVINCIIS CONSULAR1BUS ORATIO. 14 numero nullum haberent. Quod fanum in Achaia, qui locus aut lucus in Graecia tola tarn sanctus fuit in quo ullum simu- lacrum, ullum ornamentum reliquum sit? Emisti a foedis- simo tribuno plebi tum in ilio naufragio huius urbis, quam tu idem, qui gubernare debueras, everteras, tum, inquam, emisti grandi pecunia, ut libi de pecuniis creditis ius in li- beros/populos contra senalus consulta et contra legem ge- neri tui dicere liceret: id emptum ita vendidisti, ut aut ius non diceres aut bonis cives Romanos evertercs. 8. Quorum ego nihil dico, patres conscripti, nunc in hominem ipsum ·. de provincia disputo. Itaque omnia ilia, quae et saepe audistis ettenetis animis, etiam si nonaudiatis, praetermitto : nihil de hac eius urbana, qnam ille praesens in mentibus vestris ocu- lisque defixit, audacia loquor: nihil de superbia, nihil de con- tumacia, nihil de crudeli tate disputo. Lateant libidines eius illae tenebricosae, quas fronte et supercilio, tion pudore et temperantia contegebat: de provincia, quodagitur, id disputo. Huic vos non summittetis? hunc diutius manere patiemini? cuius, ut provinciám tetigit, sic fortuna cum improbitate cer- tavit, ut nemo posset utrum posterior an infelicior esset iu- dicare. 9. An vero in Syria diutius est Semiramis illa reti- nenda? cuius iter in provinciám fuit eius modi, .ut rex Ario- barzanes consulem vestrum ad caedem faciendam tamquam aliquem Threcem conduceret. Deinde adventus in Syriam primus equitatus habuit interitum : post concisae sunt opti- mae cohortes. Igitur in Syria imperatore ilio nihil aliud [ne- que gestum] neque actum est nisi pactiones pecuniarum cum lyrannis, decisiones, direptiones, latrocinia, caedes: quum palam populi Romani imperátor, instructo exercitu, dexteram tendens, non ad laudem milites hortaretur, sed omnia sibi et • empta et emenda esse clamaret. V. 10. Iam vero publicanos miseros — me etiam mise- rum illorum ita de me meritorum miseriis ac dolore ! — tra- didit in servilutem Iudaeis et Syris, naüonibus natis servi- luti. Statuit ab initio et in eo perseveravit, ius publicano non dicere: pactiones sine ulla iniuria factas rescidit: custo- dias suslulit : vecligales multos ac stipendiaries liberavit: quo iu oppido ipse esset aut quo veniret, ibi publicanum aut 11 CAP. 11 —13. §. 27—32. 103 publicani servum esse vetuit. Quid multa? crudelis habere- tur, si in hostes animo fuisset eo, quo fuit in cives Romanos, eius ordinis praesertim, qui est semper dignitate sua, beni- gnitate magistrates sustentâtes. 11. Itaque, patres conscripti, videtis non tenieritate redemptionis aùt negocii gerundi in- scitia, sed avaritia, superbia,
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