DOCSLIB.ORG

Week 4 F.Pdf (English)

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Week 4 F.Pdf (English) EWARN & Diseases Early Warning Alert and LIBYA/ Surveillance Bulletin Response Network Epidemiological Reporting REPORTING TOTAL TOTAL Week Period SITES CONSULTATION EWARN 02 Jan. 2019 4 90 29872 6617 02 Jan. 2019 Leading causes of morbidity By week (4 : 2020) AURI is Still The Leading Cause of Morbidity, With ALRI and AD. In Table 1: Number of Cases For Each Disease and Percentage From Total Consultations. Number of Percentage From Percentage From Condition Cases Total Consultations Total EWARN Acute Upper Respiratory Infections 4508 15 % 68 % (AURI) Acute Lower Respiratory Infections 1100 3.7 % 17 % (ALRI) Acute Diarrhea (AD) 785 2.6 % 12 % Table 1: Number of Cases For Each Disease and Percentage From Total Consultations AURTI are Generally Mild in Nature, Commonly Caused by Viruses, Sometimes with Bacteria. ALRTI Epidemiologically Includes Acute Bronchitis, Bronchiolitis, Influenza and Pneumonia. 1 - 6 Morbidity Patterns: Figure 1,2,3 Shows a Comparison of The Number of Cases Reported For The Current Weeks 1 to 4 with The Numbers in The Preceding Weeks 2020. Figure 1,2,3: Trend of AURI - ALRI - AD by EPI Weeks 1- 4 : 2020 2 - 6 Distribution of AURI, ALRI, and AD Cases by Municipality for Week 4: 2020. FIG 4; Distribution of AURI, ALRI, and AD Cases by Municipality For Week (4 : 2020) AURI are mainly from: Alabyar, Baniwaleed, Benghazi, Igdabya, Misurata, Subrata, Zawia and Zwara. ALRI mainly from Benghazi and Subrata. AD mainly from Baniwaleed. Vaccine Preventable Diseases (VPD): Disease No of Cases Measles 10 Pertussis 10 Meningitis 11 Table2: Number of Cases Vaccine Preventable Diseases Trend of Vaccine Preventable Diseases (VPD): In week (4 : 2020) the Total Number of New Cases of Fever and Rash (Suspected Measles) was (10) Case From: (6) Aljmail, (2) Misurata, (1) Zwara and (1) Alejellat, Blood Sample Send to Measles Laboratory for Confirmation. (10) Reported Pertussis Cases in this Week From: (4) Benghazi, (3) Subrata, (2) Sebha and (1) Igdabya. (11) Meningitis Cases Reported From: (7) Benghazi, (2) Sebha, (1) Almarij and (1) Alabyar, regardin 7 cases from Benghazi children hospital it is mostly asepti,(viral) no meningococcal meningitis were reported. (0) Reported Case of Acute Flaccid Paralysis (AFP). No Reported Cases of Neonatal Tetanus this Week nor Diphtheria Cases were Notified. 3 - 6 Figure5: Suspected Measles Weeks (1- 4 : 2020) Figure 6: Pertussis Weeks (1 – 4 : 2020) Figure 6: Indicate a Decrease in Pertussis Cases; Figure also shows the first weeks of year are the main of Pertussis Cases. Water-Borne Diseases: By week 4 : 2020 The Number of The Reported Acute Diarrhea (AD) (785) cases. The Number of The Reported Bloody Diarrhea (BD) (8) Cases: (3) Baniwaleed, (3) Benghazi, (1) Aljofra and (1) Almarij. The Number of The Reported Acute Jaundice Syndrome (AJS) (11) Cases: (5) Benghazi, (2) Tripoli, (2) Igdabya, (1) Almarij and (1) Ashati. 4 - 6 Other Infectious Diseases: LEISHMANIASIS: The Number of the Reported Cutaneous Leishmaniasis (165) Cases From : (73) Khoms, (65) Baniwaleed, (19) Zliten, (3) Zawia, (2) Regdalin and (1) Almarij. Figure 7: LEISHMANIASIS 2020. Summary of All Cases Reported in Week (4 : 2020) Disease № of Cases Percentage from Consultation Percentage from EWARN AURI 8926 %.9125. %261.06 ALRI ..22 %21260 %.21208 AD 569 %01206 %..1622 BD 6 %21205 %21.0. AJS .. %21225 %21.22 Leishmaniasis .29 %21990 %01858 Measles .2 %21222 %21.9. Meningitis .. %21225 %21.22 Food poisoning 6 %21205 %21.0. Pertussis .2 %21222 %21.9. Table 3: Summary of Reported Cases Week (4 : 2020) 5 - 6 ALERTS Alerts were Generated in This Week Through EWARN Following The Case Definition Thresholds. All The Alerts Were Notified to Surveillance Administration and Local Municipality Health Officials. ALERT Municipality Measles Almarij Meningitis Benghazi – Alabyar - Sebha - Almarij Bloody Diarrhea Benghazi – Baniwaleed. Cutaneous Leishmaniasis Khoms – Baniwaleed – Zliten – Zawia – Regdalin – Aljmail Acute Jaundice Syndrome Benghazi Food Poisoning Mezdah – Igdabya - Benghazi Table 4: Alerts of week (4 : 2020) NCDC Referral Laboratory is Qualified to Respond to Public Health Events, For Measles and Rubella Blood Investigation at NCDC Referral Laboratory, While Stool in AFP Send to Pasteur Lab in Tunisia. For CSF Samples and Stool, Investigation in Clinical and Hospital Laboratories. Each Case Managed According to Therapeutic Measures. النشرة الوبائية الليبية لشبكة اﻻنذار المبكر واﻻستجابة / اﻻسبوع (4) ) 02 - 02 يناير 0202 ( )اﻷرقام المسجلة هي حاﻻت اشتباه يعقبها خطوات أخرى للتحقق والتأكيد( اﻻسباب الرئيسية للمراضة اﻻلتهابات التنفسية العليا والسفلى واﻻسهاﻻت. اﻻمرررررام المكابحررررة بالتطعيمررررات: سررررجلت 01 حالررررة حرررررارا وطفررررح )اشررررتباه الح رررربة(، 00 حرررراﻻت سررررحايا , 01 سعال ديكي. اﻻمرام المنقولة بالمياه: سجلت 00 متﻻزمة اليرقان. اللشمانيا: سجلت 061 حالة. اﻹنذارات : o الح بة: المرج. o السحايا : بنغازي – اﻷبيار– سبها – المرج. o اﻻسهال المدمي : بني وليد- بنغازي. o اللشمانيا : الخمس – بني وليد – زليتن – الزاوية – رقدالين - الجميل. o اليرقان : اجدابيا – الشاطئ – طرابلس – المرج - بنغازي. التسمم الغذائي : الشاطئ – بنغازي – اجدابيا – مزدا. NATIONAL CENTRE FOR DISEASE CONTROL- LIBYA, IN COLLABORATION WITH WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION- LIBYA AND EUROPEAN UNION ALL RIGHT RECIRVED 6 - 6 .
Load more

Recommended publications
  • MPLS VPN Service
    MPLS VPN Service PCCW Global’s MPLS VPN Service provides reliable and secure access to your network from anywhere in the world. This technology-independent solution enables you to handle a multitude of tasks ranging from mission-critical Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP), Customer Relationship Management (CRM), quality videoconferencing and Voice-over-IP (VoIP) to convenient email and web-based applications while addressing traditional network problems relating to speed, scalability, Quality of Service (QoS) management and traffic engineering. MPLS VPN enables routers to tag and forward incoming packets based on their class of service specification and allows you to run voice communications, video, and IT applications separately via a single connection and create faster and smoother pathways by simplifying traffic flow. Independent of other VPNs, your network enjoys a level of security equivalent to that provided by frame relay and ATM. Network diagram Database Customer Portal 24/7 online customer portal CE Router Voice Voice Regional LAN Headquarters Headquarters Data LAN Data LAN Country A LAN Country B PE CE Customer Router Service Portal PE Router Router • Router report IPSec • Traffic report Backup • QoS report PCCW Global • Application report MPLS Core Network Internet IPSec MPLS Gateway Partner Network PE Router CE Remote Router Site Access PE Router Voice CE Voice LAN Router Branch Office CE Data Branch Router Office LAN Country D Data LAN Country C Key benefits to your business n A fully-scalable solution requiring minimal investment
    [Show full text]
  • Week-33-2020.Pdf (English)
    EWARN & Diseases LIBYA/ Surveillance Bulletin Epidemiological Reporting REPORTING TOTAL TOTAL Week Period SITES CONSULTATION EWARN 10 Aug. 2020 33 62 11467 2512 16 Aug. 2020 Municipalities surveillance status. Hospital surveillance status Leading causes of morbidity By week 33 : 2020, AURI is still the leading cause of morbidity, with ALRI and AD. In table 1: number of cases for each disease and percentage from total consultations. Condition Number of cases Percentage from total consultations Acute Upper Respiratory Infections 1426 12.436 % (AURI) Acute Lower Respiratory Infections 246 2.145 % (ALRI) Acute Diarrhea (AD) 589 5.136 % Table 1: number of cases for leading causes of morbidity and their percentage from total consultations AURTI are generally mild in nature, commonly caused by viruses, sometimes with bacteria. ALRTI epidemiologically includes acute bronchitis, bronchiolitis, influenza and pneumonia. 1 Morbidity Patterns: Figure ((1,2,3)) shows a distribution of reported cases on municipalities for week 33: Figure 1: distribution of (AURI) Cases of week 33 Figure 2: distribution of (ALRI) Cases of week 33 Figure 3: distribution of (AD) Cases of week 33 2 Distribution of AURI, ALRI, and AD Cases by Municipality for Week 33/2020: Figure 4: Distribution of AURI, ALRI, and AD cases by municipality for week 33: 2020 AURI reported cases were mainly coming from: Almarij, Baniwaleed, Subrata, Alabyar, Ashati and Bnghazi while the highest numbers of ALRI reported cases coming from Almarij and Albaida. AD reported cases mainly from Baniwaleed, Albaida and Zliten. Figure 5: Trend of AURI, ALRI and AD by weeks to week 33 / 2020 3 Vaccine preventable diseases (VPD): Disease No.
    [Show full text]
  • Libya: EWARN & Diseases Surveillance Bulletin
    EWARN: Early Warning Alert and Response Network Libya: EWARN & Diseases Surveillance Bulletin 2018: Epidemiological Week: 04 Reporting Period: 22 January – 28 January 2018 Highlights Number of reporting sites in week 04: One hundred and eighteen (116) submitted their weekly reports complete and in timely manner. Total number of consultations in week 04: 40,678 marking an decrease of 2,570 to last week consultation of 43,248. The number of consultations for other disease this was week was 33,437. NCDC and WHO | EWARN & Diseases Surveillance Bulletin 1 Leading causes of morbidity in week 04: Acute Upper Respiratory Infections (AURI) (n=4649; 11.54% of consultations number), Acute Lower Respiratory Infections (ALRI) (n=1282; 3.15%) and acute diarrhea (AD) (n=1048; 2.58%) remained the leading causes of morbidity this reporting week. Number of alerts in week 04: Sixteen (16) alert were generated through EWARN. (details: see Alerts and Outbreaks Section). The health authorities of each municipality have the capacity to respond to outbreaks. The alerts were discussed with the focal person and respected surveillance officers of the municipalities. (Details: see Alert and Outbreak Section). NOTE: In all the figures below that represent trends, numbers from week 4 in 2018 were compared to three different averages from 2017 representing the following: The average value for epidemiological weeks 01 – 52 in 2017, representing the entirety of 2017. The average value for epidemiological weeks 39 – 52 in 2017, representing the period of reporting that followed the first EWARN training workshop in September of 2017. The average value for epidemiological weeks 49 – 52 in 2017, representing the period of reporting that followed the second EWARN training workshop in December of 2017.
    [Show full text]
  • Public Attitudes , Security , Justice , Lybia , DFID
    PUBLIC ATTITUDES TOWARDS THE SECURITY AND JUSTICE SECTORS IN LIBYA FINAL REPORT (WITH RECOMMENDATIONS) FOR THE DEPARTMENT FOR INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT AUGUST 2013 CONTENTS 1 Executive Summary .....................................................................................................................5 2 Introduction ..................................................................................................................................7 3 Research Scope and Methodology ..........................................................................................8 3.1 Research Scope ..................................................................................................................................... 8 3.2 Research Approach ............................................................................................................................. 8 3.3 Research Methodology ....................................................................................................................... 9 4 Current Security and Justice Landscape ............................................................................ 14 4.1 The Justice Sector .............................................................................................................................. 14 4.2 The Security Sector ........................................................................................................................... 18 5 Perceptions of Security ..........................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Parcel Post Compendium Online Libya Post Company LYA LY
    Parcel Post Compendium Online LY - Libyan Jamahiriya Libya Post Company LYA Basic Services CARDIT Carrier documents international No transport – origin post 1 Maximum weight limit admitted RESDIT Response to a CARDIT – destination No 1.1 Surface parcels (kg) 20 post 1.2 Air (or priority) parcels (kg) 20 6 Home delivery 2 Maximum size admitted 6.1 Initial delivery attempt at physical No delivery of parcels to addressee 2.1 Surface parcels 6.2 If initial delivery attempt unsuccessful, 2.1.1 2m x 2m x 2m No card left for addressee (or 3m length & greatest circumference) 6.3 Addressee has option of paying taxes or No 2.1.2 1.5m x 1.5m x 1.5m Yes duties and taking physical delivery of the (or 3m length & greatest circumference) item 2.1.3 1.05m x 1.05m x 1.05m No 6.4 There are governmental or legally Yes (or 2m length & greatest circumference) binding restrictions mean that there are certain limitations in implementing home 2.2 Air parcels delivery. 2.2.1 2m x 2m x 2m No 6.5 Nature of this governmental or legally (or 3m length & greatest circumference) binding restriction. 2.2.2 1.5m x 1.5m x 1.5m Yes Customs laws (or 3m length & greatest circumference) 2.2.3 1.05m x 1.05m x 1.05m No 7 Signature of acceptance (or 2m length & greatest circumference) 7.1 When a parcel is delivered or handed over Supplementary services 7.1.1 a signature of acceptance is obtained Yes 3 Cumbersome parcels admitted No 7.1.2 captured data from an identity card are Yes registered 7.1.3 another form of evidence of receipt is Yes Parcels service features obtained 5 Electronic
    [Show full text]
  • Libya: EWARN & Diseases Surveillance Bulletin
    EWARN: Early Warning Alert and Response Network Libya: EWARN & Diseases Surveillance Bulletin 2018: Epidemiological Week: 09 Reporting Period: 26 February – 04 March 2018 Highlights Number of reporting sites in week 09: One hundred and fourteen (114) submitted their weekly reports complete and in timely manner. Total number of consultations in week 09: 42,878 marking a decrease of 3,596 to last week consultation of 46,474. The number of consultations for other disease this was week was 36,424. NCDC and WHO | EWARN & Diseases Surveillance Bulletin 1 Leading causes of morbidity in week 09: Acute Upper Respiratory Infections (AURI) (n=4681; 10.92% of consultations number), Acute Lower Respiratory Infections (ALRI) (n=1254; 2.92%) and acute diarrhea (AD) (n=1168; 2.72%) remained the leading causes of morbidity this reporting week. Number of alerts in week 09: Thirteen (13) alert were generated through EWARN. (details: see Alerts and Outbreaks Section). The health authorities of each municipality have the capacity to respond to outbreaks. The alerts were discussed with the focal person and respected surveillance officers of the municipalities. (Details: see Alert and Outbreak Section). NOTE: In all the figures below that represent trends, numbers from week 9 in 2018 were compared to three different averages from 2017 representing the following: The average value for epidemiological weeks 01 – 52 in 2017, representing the entirety of 2017. The average value for epidemiological weeks 39 – 52 in 2017, representing the period of reporting that followed the first EWARN training workshop in September of 2017. The average value for epidemiological weeks 49 – 52 in 2017, representing the period of reporting that followed the second EWARN training workshop in December of 2017.
    [Show full text]
  • Perceptions of Security in Libya Institutional and Revolutionary Actors
    [PEACEW RKS [ PERCEPTIONS OF SECURITY IN LIBYA INSTITUTIONAL AND REVOLUTIONARY ACTORS Naji Abou-Khalil and Laurence Hargreaves ABOUT THE REPORT This report assesses the popular legitimacy of Libya’s cur- rent security providers and identifies their vectors of local, religious, and legal legitimacy to better understand Libyan needs in terms of delivery of security services. Derived from a partnership between the United States Institute of Peace and Altai Consulting to carry out multifaceted research on security and justice in postrevolution Libya, the report develops a quantitative and qualitative research approach for gathering security and justice perceptions. It is accompanied by a Special Report on the influence of Libyan television on the country’s security sector. ABOUT THE AUTHORS Naji Abou-Khalil, a consultant with Altai Consulting, specializes in security sector reform and governance projects. Based in Tripoli since 2012, he has developed an in-depth knowledge of the political, security, and religious landscapes in Libya. Naji is also a cofounder of the Paris-based think tank Noria. Laurence Hargreaves is Altai Consulting’s Africa director and has directed qualita- tive and quantitative studies in Libya on topics related to perceptions of security and religion. Cover photo: Group of Libyan recruits travelling for military training outside Libya, 2013. Photo by Al Motasem Bellah Dhawi. The views expressed in this report are those of the authors alone. They do not necessarily reflect the views of the United States Institute of Peace. United States Institute of Peace 2301 Constitution Ave., NW Washington, DC 20037 Phone: 202.457.1700 Fax: 202.429.6063 E-mail: [email protected] Web: www.usip.org Peaceworks No.
    [Show full text]
  • Libya: EWARN & Diseases Surveillance Bulletin
    EWARN: Early Warning Alert and Response Network Libya: EWARN & Diseases Surveillance Bulletin 2018: Epidemiological Week: 15 Reporting Period: 09 April –15 April 2018 Highlights Number of reporting sites in week 15: One hundred and twelve (112) submitted their weekly reports complete and in timely manner. Total number of consultations in week 15: 45,797 marking an increase of 2,090 to last week consultation of 43,707. The number of consultations for other disease this was week was 39,007. NCDC and WHO | EWARN & Diseases Surveillance Bulletin 1 Leading causes of morbidity in week 15: Acute Upper Respiratory Infections (AURI) (n=4162; 9.21% of consultations number), Acute Lower Respiratory Infections (ALRI) (n=1384; 3.06%) and acute diarrhea (AD) (n=1057; 2.34%) remained the leading causes of morbidity this reporting week. Number of alerts in week 15: fifteen (15) alert were generated through EWARN. (details: see Alerts and Outbreaks Section). The health authorities of each municipality have the capacity to respond to outbreaks. The alerts were discussed with the focal person and respected surveillance officers of the municipalities. (Details: see Alert and Outbreak Section). NOTE: In all the figures below that represent trends, numbers from week 15 in 2018 were compared to three different averages from 2017 representing the following: The average value for epidemiological weeks 01 – 52 in 2017, representing the entirety of 2017. The average value for epidemiological weeks 39 – 52 in 2017, representing the period of reporting that followed the first EWARN training workshop in September of 2017. The average value for epidemiological weeks 49 – 52 in 2017, representing the period of reporting that followed the second EWARN training workshop in December of 2017.
    [Show full text]
  • Libya 2012 Human Rights Report
    LIBYA 2012 HUMAN RIGHTS REPORT EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Libya is a parliamentary democracy with a temporary Constitutional Declaration that allows for the exercise of a full range of political, civil, and judicial rights. Following eight months of civil war ending with the ouster of the Qadhafi regime in October 2011, the Transitional National Council (TNC) named an interim government in November 2011. After free and fair balloting on July 7, the TNC handed over power to an elected parliament, the General National Congress (GNC), on August 8, and a prime minister was sworn in on November 14. The TNC and later the government had not established full security control throughout the country by year’s end. Militias formerly actively opposed to the Qadhafi regime were affiliated with or integrated into government security forces. They nominally and intermittently reported to civilian authorities but more often acted autonomously, particularly in the eastern part of the country. Qadhafi’s fall ended an era of systematic, state-sanctioned human rights violations, and several signs indicated that successor governments adopted a positive approach respecting human rights, such as the successful holding of elections in July, the development of a relatively freer press, and the emergence of an active civil society. Nonetheless, some abuses continued, most frequently where the elected government did not control militias. The new authorities lacked the capacity and a basic legal framework to fully protect civil and judicial rights. Qadhafi-era laws that did not contravene the TNC’s 2011 Constitutional Declaration remained in force, but their applicability remained unclear, due to the lack of enforcement capability, lack of competency of the courts, and confusion over the applicability of new and old laws.
    [Show full text]
  • EWARN & Diseases Surveillance Bulletin
    EWARN: Early Warning Alert and Response Network Libya: EWARN & Diseases Surveillance Bulletin 2018: Epidemiological Week: 14 Reporting Period: 02 April –08 April 2018 Highlights Number of reporting sites in week 14: One hundred and five (105) submitted their weekly reports complete and in timely manner. Total number of consultations in week 14: 43,707 marking an increase of 4,733 to last week consultation of 48,440. The number of consultations for other disease this was week was 36,557. NCDC and WHO | EWARN & Diseases Surveillance Bulletin 1 Leading causes of morbidity in week 14: Acute Upper Respiratory Infections (AURI) (n=4389; 10.04% of consultations number), Acute Lower Respiratory Infections (ALRI) (n=1552; 3.55%) and acute diarrhea (AD) (n=1105; 2.53%) remained the leading causes of morbidity this reporting week. Number of alerts in week 14: Twelve (12) alert were generated through EWARN. (details: see Alerts and Outbreaks Section). The health authorities of each municipality have the capacity to respond to outbreaks. The alerts were discussed with the focal person and respected surveillance officers of the municipalities. (Details: see Alert and Outbreak Section). NOTE: In all the figures below that represent trends, numbers from week 14 in 2018 were compared to three different averages from 2017 representing the following: The average value for epidemiological weeks 01 – 52 in 2017, representing the entirety of 2017. The average value for epidemiological weeks 39 – 52 in 2017, representing the period of reporting that followed the first EWARN training workshop in September of 2017. The average value for epidemiological weeks 49 – 52 in 2017, representing the period of reporting that followed the second EWARN training workshop in December of 2017.
    [Show full text]
  • Precipitation Data of Libya
    PRECIPITATION DATA OF LIBYA Climate Department Libyan National Meteorological Center (LNMC) by: Khalid Ibrahim Elfadli [email protected] 01 September 2009 PRECIPITATION DATA OF LIBYA Introduction: North of Libya is influenced by Mediterranean depressions during winter season as a result of its geographical location, most of the precipitation falls as showers that produced from cumuliform clouds which moved along the coastal line(about 1 800 km long). Thunderstorms and Intensive showers (rain storms) are observed in various places with fall of hail in sometimes as well, especially on the mountainous areas in the west and the east. Sometimes the snow was falling when the country affected by Atlas’ mountains and Siberian depressions. Snow at Shahat (eastern highlands) with 50cm depth, 18 Feb. 2008 Some coastal areas and highlands are exposed sometimes for blowing of strong storms (winds reach upward of 70 knots) accompanied by heavy showers and sudden falling in atmospheric pressure reach to 4 hPa.it is known as “pressure jump storm” and lead to many serious damages. Rain storm at Tripoli city, winter 2003 Rainfall averages ranged in these areas (north of Libya) from about 200 to 500 mm, with a maximum of recording on the regions of Jabal Al Akhdar "the Eastern Highlands" where was about 850 mm, and to about 750 mm on Jabal Nafusah areas "Western Highlands". While the number of rainy days ranged between the month and three ‐ 1 ‐ by: Khalid Ibrahim Elfadli PRECIPITATION DATA OF LIBYA months. The maximum rainfall in a day reaching to about 150 mm, especially at the closest regions of west and east of Tripoli “capital city”.
    [Show full text]
  • E-Government Services an Exploration of the Main Factors That Contribute to Successful Implementation in Libya
    E-Government Services an Exploration of the Main Factors that Contribute to Successful Implementation in Libya By NASSRADDEEN AMER AL I. O. SWEISI (Libya) This Thesis was submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the Doctor of Philosophy degree at the School of Computing, University of Portsmouth, United Kingdom. September, 2010 School of Computing, University of Portsmouth, Buckingham Building, Lion Terrace, Portsmouth, PO1 3HE The United Kingdom , September, 2010 To my Family for their Love and Support 2 DECLARATION I, Nassraddeen Amer Sweisi, declare that the PhD thesis entitled E-Government Services an Exploration of the Main Factors that Contribute to Successful Implementation in Libya. The results and conclusion embodied in this thesis is my own work. Signature: __________________________ Date: ___________________ 3 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS After sincerely thanking Allah and then my parents for all blessings and bounties, I would like to extend my deep thanks and gratitude to all the people who contributed to enrich my knowledge and improve my competencies. First of all, I am grateful to my Parents, family for their daily prayers and enormous efforts to make me who I am. Foremost I would like to thank my , family Hana, Abdalaziz, Abdulraheem; Tasneem and Zinalsharf who accompanied me along the happy journey of knowledge, and who wonderfully created the right atmosphere for me to bring this research to fruition while they were suffering from my absent away of them. Also I would like to thank you Mr. Abdalmounam Yousef, the d irector for media department at Libyan Prime Ministry for his support . I would like to show my deep thanks to the Director of the Study Dr.
    [Show full text]