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E-Government Services an Exploration of the Main Factors That Contribute to Successful Implementation in Libya

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E-Government Services an Exploration of the Main Factors That Contribute to Successful Implementation in Libya E-Government Services an Exploration of the Main Factors that Contribute to Successful Implementation in Libya By NASSRADDEEN AMER AL I. O. SWEISI (Libya) This Thesis was submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the Doctor of Philosophy degree at the School of Computing, University of Portsmouth, United Kingdom. September, 2010 School of Computing, University of Portsmouth, Buckingham Building, Lion Terrace, Portsmouth, PO1 3HE The United Kingdom , September, 2010 To my Family for their Love and Support 2 DECLARATION I, Nassraddeen Amer Sweisi, declare that the PhD thesis entitled E-Government Services an Exploration of the Main Factors that Contribute to Successful Implementation in Libya. The results and conclusion embodied in this thesis is my own work. Signature: __________________________ Date: ___________________ 3 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS After sincerely thanking Allah and then my parents for all blessings and bounties, I would like to extend my deep thanks and gratitude to all the people who contributed to enrich my knowledge and improve my competencies. First of all, I am grateful to my Parents, family for their daily prayers and enormous efforts to make me who I am. Foremost I would like to thank my , family Hana, Abdalaziz, Abdulraheem; Tasneem and Zinalsharf who accompanied me along the happy journey of knowledge, and who wonderfully created the right atmosphere for me to bring this research to fruition while they were suffering from my absent away of them. Also I would like to thank you Mr. Abdalmounam Yousef, the d irector for media department at Libyan Prime Ministry for his support . I would like to show my deep thanks to the Director of the Study Dr. Carl Adams, who provides to me the best knowledge and experience either without his encouragement and support, this study, would not have been completed. I would like also to extend my thanks to the Dr. Kate Dingly and Dr. Tineke Fitch for their support. As well as to School of Computing staff, I will not forget the special help and financial support provided to me by my state (Libya), which made it possible for me, and gave me the best chance, to attend this PhD Programme to equip me to be able to contribute to the development of my country. Nassraddeen Amer Sweisi September, 2010 Portsmouth, UK 4 ABSTRACT This study focuses on the rise of e-Government services around the world, and specifically considers Libya as an example on its efforts and challenges with respect to implementing an e-Government services initiative. E-Government services represent a fundamental shift in the design and methods of government efficiency, accountability and commitment. However, Libya in particular seems to face steep and unique challenges when it comes to the implementation of e-Government services. The country often seems to lack sufficient resources, infrastructure, and know-how to implement a large-scale e-Government services project. Furthermore, a large number of the Libyan population often have little contact with computers and the Internet, and may be distrustful of technology and their government. Primarily, this study aims to articulate the challenges and suggest strategies to overcome them. First, the study provides a literature review, from which a model for the adoption of e- Government services in Libya based on the principles of business management is derived. It details the phases of transforming to e-Government services, including (a) establishing a vision; (b) developing goals, objectives, a work plan and actions; (c) assessing Libyan people’s awareness of e-Government services; (d) setting performance benchmarks; and (e) measuring success. Then, the study employs field studies designed to find out the opinions, attitudes and perspectives of the stakeholders in Libya’s fledgling e-Government services initiative. The results from the data collection confirmed that there are numerous factors that may have to be overcome. A particular instance is that Libya must reach out to its citizens about internet technology, improve its national technological infrastructure, and include the input of all stakeholders in the design and implementation of e-Government services. Following from the surveys, the study also considers a number of specific case studies on Libya that emphasise in compelling terms the challenges, successes, and struggles of Libya’s e- Government services initiative so far. The study makes recommendations and suggests strategies to deal with the identified challenges and finally provides a roadmap to policymakers and the key stakeholders in Libya that may assist in the successful implementation of e-Government services programmes. 5 PUBLICATIONS ARISING FROM THE RESEARCH SWEISI, N. A. & ADAMS, C. (2006) e-Government Services Challenges for Developing Nations: The Case of Education in Libya. the 2nd International Conference on e- Government University of Pittsburgh, USA, Academic Conferences Limited. ISBN 978-1-905305-35-3 SWEISI, N. A. & ADAMS, C. (2007) PROPOSED FRAMEWORK TO MANAGE THE CHANGE TO e-GOVERNMENT (LESSONS FROM LIBYA). Information Management in the Networked Economy Dublin, Ireland, 8th IBIMA, 20-22-June 2007. ISBN: 0-9753393-7-0 SWEISI, N. A., ADAMS, C. & ELDRESI, F. (2007) E-Government Services to Support Vaccination Programmes: Libya, a Successful Implementation 3rd International Conference on e-Government. University of Quebec at Montreal, Canada, 3rd ICEG. ISBN 1-905305-59-1 CD SWEISI, N. A., ADAMS, C. & ELDRESI, F. (2008) Transformation to e-Government in Developing Countries: Lessons from Libya. ECEG. Ecole Polytechnique, Lausanne, Switzerland, Academic Publishing Limited, Reading, UK. 44-118-972-4148, www.academic-publishing.org ISBN 978-1-906638-09-2 CD SWEISI, N.A., ADAMS, C e-Government, in Libya the route to successful implementation. REOPRT PROVIDED TO LIBYAN GOVERNMENT; had hosted in Libyan prime Ministry Website, 2007 6 TABLE OF CONTENTS DECLARATION ................................................................................................................. 3 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ................................................................................................... 4 ABSTRACT ........................................................................................................................ 5 PUBLICATIONS ARISING FROM THE RESEARCH ................................................... 6 LIST OF TABLES ............................................................................................................ 11 LIST OF FIGURES .......................................................................................................... 12 ABBREVIATIONS ........................................................................................................... 13 CHAPTER 1 ...................................................................................................................... 14 INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................. 14 1.1 Background of E-Government Services ......................................................................... 14 1.2 Background of Libya ..................................................................................................... 15 1.2.1 Political Context of Libya ........................................................................................... 16 1.2.2 The Impact of Destinations Between Cities And The Capital in Libya ........................ 17 1.2.3 Unique Factors in Libya and Where E-Government Services Can Be Developed ........ 19 1.3 Difficulties and Challenges in Libya .............................................................................. 20 1.4 Research Aim ................................................................................................................ 23 1.5 Purpose of the Study...................................................................................................... 25 1.5.1. Research Question ..................................................................................................... 25 1.5.2. Objectives ................................................................................................................. 25 1.6 Hypotheses .................................................................................................................... 26 1.7 Research Methodology .................................................................................................. 27 1.8 Rationale and Significance of the Study ...................................................................... 28 1.9 Organisation of the study ............................................................................................ 29 CHAPTER 2 ...................................................................................................................... 30 LITERATURE REVIEW ................................................................................................. 30 2.1 Introduction ................................................................................................................... 30 2.2 The Role of E-Government Services ............................................................................. 30 2.3 Introduction to e-Government Services .......................................................................... 32 2.3.1 Features of E-Government Services ............................................................................ 36 2.3.2 Some of U.S. Stakeholders Perspective on e-Government Services ............................
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