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Terorismus a Migrace Masarykova univerzita Ekonomicko-správní fakulta Studijní obor: Hospodářská politika TERORISMUS A MIGRACE Terrorism and migration Diplomová práce Vedoucí diplomové práce: Autor: Ing. Štěpán Mikula, Ph.D. Tomáš Sehoř Brno, 2018 2 3 4 Jméno a příjmení autora: Tomáš Sehoř Název diplomové práce: Terorismus a migrace Název práce v angličtině: Terrorism and migration Katedra: ekonomie Vedoucí diplomové práce: Ing. Štěpán Mikula, Ph.D. Rok obhajoby: 2018 Anotace Předmětem diplomové práce „Terorismus a migrace“ je ověřit, zda existuje vazba mezi teroristickými útoky a postojem domácí populace a také zjistit, zda teroristické útoky ovlivňují toky imigrantů a uprchlíků Annotation The goal of the submitted thesis: “Terrorism and migration” is to verify link between terrorist attacks and attitudes of natives and to investigate whether terrorist attacks affect immigrant and refugee flows Klíčová slova Evropská unie, migrace, terorismus, migrační toky, postoje Keywords European Union, migration, terrorism, migration flows, attitude 5 6 Prohlášení Prohlašuji, že jsem diplomovou práci Terorismus a migrace vypracovala samostatně pod vedením doc. Ing. Štěpána Mikuly, Ph.D. a uvedla v ní všechny použité literární a jiné odborné zdroje v souladu s právními předpisy, vnitřními předpisy Masarykovy univerzity a vnitřními akty řízení Masarykovy univerzity a Ekonomicko-správní fakulty MU. V Brně dne 11. ledna 2018 vlastnoruční podpis autora 7 8 Poděkování Na tomto místě bych ráda poděkovala Ing. Štěpánovi Mikulovi, Ph.D. za cenné připomínky, odborné rady a trpělivost, kterými přispěl k vypracování této diplomové práce. Dále děkuji Metacentru za poskytnutí výpočetní kapacity. 9 10 OBSAH ÚVOD ....................................................................................................................................... 15 1 TERORISMUS V EVROPĚ ........................................................................................... 17 1.1 ANARCHISMUS A EXTRÉMNĚ LEVICOVÝ TERORISMUS................................................... 17 1.2 KRAJNĚ PRAVICOVÝ TERORISMUS ................................................................................ 17 1.3 SEPARATISMUS A NACIONALISTICKÝ TERORISMUS ....................................................... 18 1.3.1 ETA ....................................................................................................................... 18 1.3.2 IRA ........................................................................................................................ 19 1.3.3 RIRA ...................................................................................................................... 20 1.4 ISLÁMSKÝ TERORISMUS ................................................................................................ 20 1.4.1 Al-Káida ................................................................................................................ 21 1.4.2 Počátek teroru – GIA ............................................................................................ 21 1.4.3 M-11 ...................................................................................................................... 22 1.4.4 Theo van Gogh ...................................................................................................... 23 1.4.5 7/7 ......................................................................................................................... 23 1.4.6 Jyllands-Posten ..................................................................................................... 24 1.4.7 Merah .................................................................................................................... 25 1.4.8 Islámský stát .......................................................................................................... 26 1.4.9 Židovské muzeum v Bruselu .................................................................................. 27 1.4.10 Charlie Hebdo ................................................................................................... 27 2 POSTOJ K MIGRANTŮM, TEORIE ........................................................................... 29 2.1 GROUP-THREAT TEORIE ................................................................................................ 29 11 2.2 INTERGROUP CONTACT TEORIE ..................................................................................... 29 2.3 ROZPOR ........................................................................................................................ 30 3 REŠERŠE ......................................................................................................................... 31 3.1 TERORISMUS A POSTOJ K IMIGRACI .............................................................................. 31 3.1.1 Data ...................................................................................................................... 31 3.1.2 Model .................................................................................................................... 32 3.1.3 Výsledky ................................................................................................................ 32 3.1.4 Další výzkum ......................................................................................................... 33 3.2 TERORISMUS A POSTOJ K BEZPEČNOSTI ........................................................................ 34 3.2.1 Model .................................................................................................................... 34 3.2.2 Data ...................................................................................................................... 35 3.2.3 Výsledky ................................................................................................................ 36 3.3 PRŮVODCE K MODELŮM MIGRACE ................................................................................ 37 3.3.1 Bilaterální proudy ................................................................................................. 37 3.3.2 RUM model ........................................................................................................... 38 3.4 MIGRACE A VEŘEJNÉ MÍNĚNÍ ........................................................................................ 38 3.4.1 Data a model ......................................................................................................... 38 3.4.2 Výsledky ................................................................................................................ 40 3.4.3 Robustnost............................................................................................................. 40 3.5 TERORISMUS A MIGRACE .............................................................................................. 41 3.5.1 Terorismus jako příčina migrace.......................................................................... 41 3.5.2 Xenofobie a proti imigrantské nálady v hostitelské zemi ...................................... 42 3.5.3 Migranti jako teroristé .......................................................................................... 43 3.5.4 Závěry ................................................................................................................... 43 12 4 DATA ................................................................................................................................ 47 4.1 MIGRACE ...................................................................................................................... 47 4.2 TERORISMUS ................................................................................................................. 51 4.3 VEŘEJNÉ MÍNĚNÍ ........................................................................................................... 53 5 MODEL ............................................................................................................................. 55 5.1 KORELACE .................................................................................................................... 55 5.2 ZÁKLADNÍ MODEL ........................................................................................................ 55 5.3 MODEL S MODIFIKACÍ PRO EVROPSKÉ ORGANIZACE ..................................................... 57 5.4 MODEL S MODIFIKACÍ PRO NEEVROPSKÉ ORGANIZACE ................................................. 57 6 VÝSLEDKY...................................................................................................................... 59 6.1 KORELACE .................................................................................................................... 59 6.2 ZABITÍ .......................................................................................................................... 63 6.3 ZRANĚNÍ ....................................................................................................................... 64 6.4 ZABITÍ A ZRANĚNÍ ........................................................................................................ 66 6.5 TERORISTICKÉ ÚTOKY .................................................................................................. 67 ZÁVĚR .................................................................................................................................... 70 CITOVANÁ LITERATURA ................................................................................................. 72 SEZNAM TABULEK ............................................................................................................
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