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Karl Marx and the Iwma Revisited 299 Jürgen Herres “Arise Ye Wretched of the Earth” <UN> Studies in Global Social History Editor Marcel van der Linden (International Institute of Social History, Amsterdam, The Netherlands) Editorial Board Sven Beckert (Harvard University, Cambridge, ma, usa) Dirk Hoerder (University of Arizona, Phoenix, ar, usa) Chitra Joshi (Indraprastha College, Delhi University, India) Amarjit Kaur (University of New England, Armidale, Australia) Barbara Weinstein (New York University, New York, ny, usa) volume 29 The titles published in this series are listed at brill.com/sgsh <UN> “Arise Ye Wretched of the Earth” The First International in a Global Perspective Edited by Fabrice Bensimon Quentin Deluermoz Jeanne Moisand leiden | boston <UN> This is an open access title distributed under the terms of the prevailing cc-by-nc License at the time of publication, which permits any non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author(s) and source are credited. Cover illustration: Bannière de la Solidarité de Fayt (cover and back). Sources: Cornet Fidèle and Massart Théophile entries in Dictionnaire biographique du mouvement ouvrier en Belgique en ligne : maitron-en -ligne.univ-paris1.fr. Copyright : Bibliothèque et Archives de l’IEV – Brussels. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Names: Bensimon, Fabrice, editor. | Deluermoz, Quentin, editor. | Moisand, Jeanne, 1978- editor. Title: “Arise ye wretched of the earth” : the First International in a global perspective / edited by Fabrice Bensimon, Quentin Deluermoz, Jeanne Moisand. Description: Leiden ; Boston : Brill, [2018] | Series: Studies in global social history, issn 1874-6705 ; volume 29 | Includes bibliographical references and index. Identifiers: LCCN 2018002194 (print) | LCCN 2018004158 (ebook) | isbn 9789004335462 (E-book) | isbn 9789004335455 (hardback : alk. paper) Subjects: LCSH: International Workingmen’s Association (1864-1876) | Labor movement--History--19th century. | Socialism--History--19th century. Classification: LCC HX11.I46 (ebook) | LCC HX11.I46 A75 2018 (print) | ddc 324.1/7--dc23 LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2018002194 Typeface for the Latin, Greek, and Cyrillic scripts: “Brill”. See and download: brill.com/brill-typeface. issn: 1874-6705 isbn: 978-90-04-33545-5 (hardback) isbn: 978-90-04-33546-2 (e-book) Copyright 2018 by the Editors and Authors. This work is published by Koninklijke Brill nv. Koninklijke Brill nv incorporates the imprints Brill, Brill Hes & De Graaf, Brill Nijhoff, Brill Rodopi, Brill Sense and Hotei Publishing. Koninklijke Brill nv reserves the right to protect the publication against unauthorized use and to authorize dissemination by means of offprints, legitimate photocopies, microform editions, reprints, translations, and secondary information sources, such as abstracting and indexing services including databases. Requests for commercial re-use, use of parts of the publication, and/or translations must be addressed to Koninklijke Brill nv. This book is printed on acid-free paper and produced in a sustainable manner. <UN> Contents List of Figures ix Notes on Contributors xi 1 Introduction 1 Fabrice Bensimon, Quentin Deluermoz and Jeanne Moisand Part 1 Organisation and Debates 2 The iwma and Its Precursors in London, c. 1830–1860 21 Fabrice Bensimon 3 Little Local Difficulties? The General Council of the iwma as an Arena for British Radical Politics 39 Detlev Mares 4 The iwma and Industrial Conflict in England and France 54 Iorwerth Prothero 5 Transnational Solidarity in the Making Labour Strikes, Money Flows, and the First International, 1864–1872 66 Nicolas Delalande 6 The iwma, Workers and the Machinery Question (1864–1874) 89 François Jarrige 7 The iwma and the Commune A Reassessment 107 Quentin Deluermoz Part 2 Global Causes and Local Branches 8 Global Values Locally Transformed The iwma in the German States 1864–1872/76 129 Jürgen Schmidt <UN> vi Contents 9 The iwma in Belgium (1865–1875) 144 Jean Puissant 10 The First International in Switzerland A Few Observations 165 Marc Vuilleumier 11 For Independent Poland and the Emancipation of the Working Class The Poles in the iwma, 1864–1876 181 Krzysztof Marchlewicz 12 Russians in the iwma The Background 193 Woodford McClellan 13 The Italians and the iwma 207 Carl Levy 14 1871 in Spain Transnational and Local History in the Formation of the fre-iwma 221 Albert Garcia-Balañà 15 Revolutions, Republics and iwma in the Spanish Empire (around 1873) 238 Jeanne Moisand 16 The First International in Latin America 253 Horacio Tarcus 17 Socialism v. Democracy? The iwma in the usa, 1869–1876 270 Michel Cordillot 18 “Sectarian Secret Wisdom” and Nineteenth-Century Radicalism The iwma in London and New York 282 Antony Taylor <UN> Contents vii Part 3 Actors and Ideologies 19 Karl Marx and the iwma Revisited 299 Jürgen Herres 20 The Construction of Proudhonism within the iwma 313 Samuel Hayat 21 Professor Beesly, Positivism and the International The Patriotism Question 332 Gregory Claeys 22 Bringing Together Feminism and Socialism in the First International Four Examples 343 Antje Schrupp 23 Bakunin and the Jura Federation 355 Marianne Enckell 24 Carlo Cafiero and the International in Italy From Marx to Bakunin 366 Mathieu Léonard Appendix 1: The iwma – A Brief Chronology 379 Appendix 2: Membership 387 Index of Names 389 Index of Places 394 Index of Subjects and Organisations 399 Index of Sources 403 <UN> List of Figures 1.1 Foundation meeting of the iwma. St Martin’s Hall, London, 28th September 1864 15 1.2 Address and Provisional Rules of the iwma, 28 September 1864 (front page). Address and Provisional Rules of the iwma, Westminster Printing Company, London, 1864 16 1.3 Delegates to the Geneva Conference 1866 17 2.1 Membership card of the Fraternal Democrats 37 2.2 George Julian Harney (1817–1897) was the founder of the Fraternal Democrats 38 3.1 Attendance of members of the General Council of the iwma, September– December 1870 53 4.1 iwma poster for a conference on 25–28 September, 1865, i.e. exactly one year after the foundation meeting, which had taken place in the same place, in St Martin’s Hall, Long Acre 65 5.1 Membership Card, iwma, 1869 87 5.2 Membership card of the iwma 88 5.3 Membership card of the iwma (Friedrich Engels) 88 7.1 Poster for a commemorative meeting for the anniversary of the Paris Commune, London, 1872. The chairmanship of Eugène Dupont can be explained by his long- term involvement in the iwma. After taking part in the Franco-British meeting of workers in 1862, Dupont had been a member of the association and of the General Council since 1864 124 7.2 Call of the federal council of the Parisian branches of the iwma to the workers of Paris for the 26 March 1871 election of the Paris Commune 125 7.3 International democratic association call for a demonstration in Hyde Park, in London, on 16 April 1871 in honour of the French Commune 126 8.1 First pages: Trial of the Social Democrats in Germany, 1872. Der Braunschweiger Ausschuss der Socialdemokratischen Arbeiter-partei in Lötzen und vor dem Ge richt von W Bracke. Mit einem photographischen Gruppenbilde, Braunschweig, 1872 [The Brunswick committee of the Social Democratic Party in Lötzen, outside the court, by W. Bracke. With a photograph of the group, Brunswick, 1872] 142 8.2 “Trial of the German socialist republicans (Bebel, Liebknecht, etc.) in the assizes court in Leipzig, in 1872” 143 9.1 Belgian Sections of the iwma, April 1868 160 9.2 Belgian Sections of the iwma, April 1869 161 <UN> x List of Figures 10.1 The delegates to the Basle Conference, 1869. This Conference took place from 6 to 12 September, 1869. There were 75 delegates. The flag is that of the local sec- tion Engraving based on a photo. The two boys caricaturing Napoleon have been added by the engraver 180 14.1 First Congress of the fre, Barcelona, 1870 237 15.1 Photograph of the Founders of the Spanish Regional Federation of the iwma in Madrid, around 1868–69 252 17.1 March of the French Internationalists in New York on 17 December 1871 to honor the Parisian Fédérés 280 18.1 Riots by the unemployed in New York, 1874 296 19.1 The Civil War in France. Address of the General Council of the iwma, 1871. Title page 312 22.1 Victoria Woodhull c. 1869 353 22.2 Elisabeth Dmitrieff 354 Images of the front and back cover pages: “La Solidarité de Fayt” The section of Fayt (Belgium) was mainly made of metal workers. It joined the IWMA in 1869, and it numbered 400 members in 1893. While it was at the same time a friendly society and a consumption co-operative, it played an impor- tant part in the creation of the “Union de métiers”, a union which gathered the various trades in metal (1871), in the creation of the first “Maison du people” in the country (1872), and after it joined the Parti ouvrier belge (POB, 1885), of the large regional consumption co-op “Progrès de Jolimont” (1886), and then regional and national federations of the socialist friendly societies (1890). It is undoubtedly the first example of a continuity between the IWMA and the POB. It is also evidence of the lack of anarchist rooting, although it joined the federalist international. The preservation of the old banner can be accounted for by this exceptional continuity. Fayt is a hamlet in the municipality of Seneffe, which was incorporated in that of manage (1880), between Mons and Charleroi, part of the Centre Region (Hainaut), which went through an industrial boom thanks to the railroad be- tween Manage and Mons. Sources: « Cornet Fidèle » and « Massart Théophile » entries in Dictionnaire biographique du mouvement ouvrier en Belgique en ligne : maitron-en-ligne. univ-paris1.fr. Copyright: Bibliothèque et Archives de l'IEV – Brussels <UN> Notes on Contributors Fabrice Bensimon is a professor of British history and civilisation at Sorbonne Université and a member of Centre d’histoire du xixe siècle (Paris 1 – Paris 4).
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