Masterworks of Ancient Art

Homan marble leaping panther, bod)' supported b) tree mmk Egyptian large faience lioness-headed Baslt'l, feet on w/ltil 'I::S. Back 1st Centul) AD. From Arieeia, Ital}' Heigh! 23 " (58.5 em.) {>illar imrrihed. Ca. XXIst-XXVlh O)'nll.lt)' (ca. 1080 -715 f3.C) Ex ColieClion of Cardinal Des/mig de Somzee (l8th Century) Height 9112" (24 I em.)

We feature over 3500 works of art ranging fro m S100 to The following full-color publications are also available: $1,000,000 and morc, taking great pride in our expertise, 00:E THOUSAND YEARS OF GREEK VASES connoisseurship, and competitive prici ng, all in an open and (1990),52 pp ... " ...... " ...... " ... " ...... " ...... $ 4. 00 fri endly atmosphere. GODS & MORTALS: Ancient Bronze, (1989), 52 pp " . $ 4.00 THE AGE OF CLEOPATRA (1988), 32 pp ...... S 2.00 Send for our FREE full·color 20.page brochure. ART OF THE ANCIENT WORLD, (985), 208 pp .. $15.00

GREEK, ETRUSCAN, ROMAN, EGYPTIAN & NEAR EASTERN ANTIQ UITIES EUROPEAN SCULPTURE THROUGH 1800 • OLD MASTER PRINTS & DRAWINGS ISLAMIC, SOUTHEAST ASIAN & ORIENTAL WORKS OF ART PRE-COLUMBIAN & TRIBAL ART· GREEK, ROMAN & BYZANTINE COINS

royal-athena galleries new york - beverly hills Established 1942 Jerome M. Eisenberg, Ph.D., Director

153 East 57th St., N ew York, N .Y. 10022 332 North Beverly Dr., Beverl y Hills, Ca. 90210 Tel.: (212) 355·2034 Fax: (212) 688·0412 Tel.: (m) 5S0·1J9') Fax: (213) 550-13 95 Monday·Saturday, to to 6 Monday·Saturday, 10 to 6

36, Pl ace des Amiquaires, 125 East 57th St., Royal·Athwa at B.A. Seahy Lrd. New York, l\.Y. 10022 Tel.: (212) 593· 119J 7 DJvies Street, London WIY ILL, Eng land Monday·Samrday, 11 to 6 Tel.: (44) 071-495 ·2590 Monda\[~F r i day, 9:30 to 5 (Send for J free copy of "Antiquities Forum") INSIDE THE CELATOR...

Vol. 5, No. 4 FEATURES April 1991

6 Tetradrachm of Orophernes S he Ct:fato't regarded by some as the ultimate Hellenistic portrait coin by Harald Salvesen Publisher/Editor Wayne G. Sayles Page 6 Offi ce Manager 10 Changes and transition of nineteenth Oraphernes tetradrachm Janet Sayles by Harald Salvesen dynasty Egypt are reflected in the tombs of the Pharaohs Associate Editor by Ron Koflgaard Steven Sayles Distribution Asst. 28 Com modus used PAX as propaganda to Christine Olson in still the confidence of Roman Art citizens in their emperor Parnell Nelso n by Armonde Casagrande

The Celator is an independent journal Page 10 DEPARTMENTS published on the first day 19th Dynasty Egypt of each month at 226 Palmer Parkway, Lodi, by Ron KolIgaard WI. It is circulated 2 The Celator's Point of View internationally through subscriptions and special 4 Letters 10 the Editor distributions. Subscrip- tion rates, payable in 22 People in the News U.S. funds, are $24 per year (second class) 24 Art and Ihe Markel wi thin the United States; $30 to Canada; 26 Antiquities by David Liebert $48 per year to all other addresses (Air Printed Matter). 27 Book News Advertising and copy deadline is the second Page 28 Coming Events 30 Friday 01 each month. PAX as propaganda Unsolicited articles and by Armonde Casagrande 32 Coins of the Bible by David Hendin news releases are welcome, however 34 Just for Beginners publication cannot be guaranteed. Second 36 Reference Reviews by Dennis Kroh class postage paid at About the cover: LocH, WI 53555. AR· TetradrachmofOrophernes, 40 Coin File · Quotes· Trivia· Humor Copyright© 1991, Cappadocian ruler circa t 60· t 56 Clio's Cabinet. B.C. Photo by Harald Salvesen 41 Professional Directory 608-592-4684 (same fOf FAX, aller hours 48 Index of Advertisers' Classifieds activate with asterisk on touch tone phone)

Deadline for the May issue is Friday, April 12 times" . The article further states that last fall the Internat ional Bureau for the Suppression of Countetfeit Coins "is­ sued a bulletin supporting Flegler." This is again a distortion of the facts. The • • bulletin(Vol.1 5,No. l,I990)says noth­ ing of the sort. Reconciling the argu­ Commentary by Wayne G. Sayles ments ofFlegler and those who condemn the coins, the lBSCC pronounced the coins to be "ancient counterfeits." With Hussein's recent victory claims he events of the re cent war in the that "after applying what may be the still ringing in myears,Iread Or. Regier's Persian (or Arabian, depending most intensive scientific scrutiny ever latest pronouncement " It was a victory T on your preference) Gulf hi gh ~ focused on ancient coins, a Michigan for sc ience and modem technology over lighted not only the value of rea l-time Stale Uni versit y researcher [Dr. Stanley the traditional numismatic reliance on infonnation, but also the dec lining value FleglerJ has persuaded the numismati c appearances." As the inimitable Dr. of disinfonnation in the modern age. fraternity that these coins were, indeed, Saslow would say. "We shall see what The world is too small and people, on the made more than 2,000 years ago." we shall see." whole, are too intell igent to buy into To suggest that the basis of Dr. Price's Not to further the cause of rhetoric without evaluating it within their condemnation was as superficial as "the disinfonnation, but just as an aside, ru­ own experiences. look" of the coins sounds not on1 y fool­ mors were rife on the bourse floor that a As we listened to Saddam Hussein's ish, but insulting. The implication that British dealer has been offered a die from pronouncements of victory in Kuwait, Dr. Flegler has exposed the British the Black Sea Hoard. Wouldn't that bean even as his army was being decimated in Museum's error assumes fi rst of all that imeresling acquisition? The facts are what they are, and every collector or numismatist is free to inter­ pret them as they care to, but we should "He just didn't like their looks. " really stay with the facts, without distor­ ti on, and identify opinion and rumor for what it is. the fi eld. we wondered how an y r.llional there was an error, and secondly that the We bid farewell this month 10 two person could accept such blatant resu It s of Flegler' s tests are unchallenge­ numismatists who have served the hobby disinformation. WeJl , the answer is able - neither of which do I feel are the long and well. The passing of Edward simple, they don't. case. The sta te ment that the numismatic Gans in Berkeley and Dr. Aaron Hendin Numismatists in Chicago for th is fra ternity is "persuaded" thai these coins in 51. Louis wilileavea void in the hearts year's Chicago Internat ional Coin Fair are of ancient origin is, at the very least, of those who knew them well . Their were exposed to their own local case of a distortion of the facts. Having per­ contributions to ancient numismatics, like disinfonnation, perh.lps not as incred u­ sonally discussed this issue with a great many dedicated numismatists before lous as that coming out of Baghdad, but many ancient coin col lectors and dealers, them, will serve as a li ving monument sti ll very real. On page one of the Busi­ I have fou nd the concensus opinion and thei r spiri t wi)) bum on through those ness section ofSaiurday's Chicago Tri· definitely to be that these coins. in spite inspi red along the way. burw we read the head li ne "Professor of all the evidence presented, are fake. Edward Gans was a noted connois­ proves old coins arc the real diobols". Few have been "persuaded" otherwise. seurof ancient Greek coinage and founder We should eltcuse the staff writer. Jon Naturally. some of our fraternity are of the original Numismatic Fine Arts. Van, since one wo uld not eltpect him to u nwill ing to discard the evidence offered Dr. Hendin specialized in Judaean coins be fully aware of Ihe Black Sea Hoard by Dr. Flegler because it is wrapped in (see the reprint of one of his infonnative controversy. The article, although writ­ the banner of scientific research. This articles in this issue). Each. in his own ten in the tonesof an independent report, being the age of technology, we have way, chose a path to follow, and they wasessenliall y a news release. in that the greal fai th in our machines. Having shared their hobby with relish, giving as statements and opinions rendered un­ spent most of my adult life in the elec­ much as they received. doubtedly came from a single source. tro nics field, I too am a believer in tech­ Thanks again for the leiters, our For starters, the article reported that nology. I have learned from eltpcrience, HendinfVardaman crossfire drew a spir­ the now infamous Black Sea Hoard howcver, that what you see is not always ited response to say the least. It's good to diobols were pronou nced counterfe it by what you get. sec such enthusiasm among ou r readers the Bri tish Museum's cu r.lI or of Gree k The Tribune article explains I)r. - both pro and con. If the mood strikes coi ns. Dr. Martin Price, because "He just Flegler's contention that the diobols are you, take a moment this month 10 let us didn't like thei r looks". It goes on to say '·genuine. if debased, coins fro m ancient hear your point of view!

r:Jhe Cefato, ii named fo, and dediaated to the aoin die-enJw

We arc now acccfting consignments of Fine Ancient Materia for our sale through April 1. Auction co be held Wednesday and Thursday JUlle 5 and 6, 1991. Viewing frol11 Saturday, June 1. ~ For catalogues, consignment details or general information abollt C hristie's contact James Lamb at ~ (212) 546-1056 or write C hristie's Coin Department, 502 Pa rk Avenue, New York, NY 10022. CHRISTIES

Subscribe to Chrislic's Coin Catalogues o Christie's New York Coin Catalogues S 50 Christie's holds sales of Coins ;l1Id Numismatic M alerial o C hristie's Worldwide Coin Catalogues in four international sale rooms: New York. London. (Salc-s in New York , LondOIl , Rome & nome and Amsterdam. A subscription allows you \0 Amsterdam). Discount Price 5140 reccivc catalogues for eaeh auction approxi mately duec weeks prior to chI.' sale date. In addillon. C hristie's sends Total Order subscribcrs a list of the actual prices reali zcd, enabli ng Tax (IksidclltSof CA, FL, IL, NY, PA, you to track market !rends. Finally. Auceion News TX, DC. MA, NJ. LA, RI add locall:!x) From Christie's. a lively monthly newsletter. is sent without chugc to all cataloguc subscribers_T o order. please completc thc form below and return £0: Christic's Total Due Publ ications. 21-24 44th Ave nue. Long Island C ity. N Y Check or money order cnclosed, payable to Christie's 11101. or call 718/784- 1480 with your credit ca rd order. o o Charge American Express, MasterCard or Vi sa (c ircle one) Name ______

(account number) Address ______Card Valid through ______

City ______State ___ Zip ___ Signatun: ______---;c;:;-::;:;;;; en A p, i l~1

April 1991 3 On the other hand I was extremely perhaps a pronunciation guide located disappointed inwhat Me Hendinwrote as somewhere in the magazine, where the a response. His three main reasons for reader could turn to see how to pro­ disagreeing were as follows: nounce some of the terms or names located in the articles. I think thi s would 1. "No other numismatist has ever visu­ be extremely helpful to those of us who alized the same 'microinscriptions' on the are new to ancientcoincoliecting. Thanks same coins or on other coins." To me this lor the consideration, and keep up the is an absurd statement. It should have excellent work: been prefaced with "in my opinion", that is, unless Mr. Hendinwants us to believe Stephen D, Fournier he has personally asked every single Connecticut Dea r Editor: numismatist since the conception of coinage. (Pronunciation is a problem for most ofus Commander Failm ezger's article and 2. "Equipment did not exist in the early - we recommend £.H. Sturtevant's The research (Celator, March '91] was right first century to create inscriptions as tiny Pronunciation of Greek and latin (Ares, on target. The heads on most of the as these are described ." Another hard to 1975) for those with an inquisitive mind series shows a swing away from the swallow statement. If Mr. Hendin allows and fols of patience.) Roman traditional heads to a Ro­ for the possibility of magnifiers being used manesque style. n would be interesting when none have been found (or at least to study these later empire coins as to identified as such), then why can he not determining individual celators. One also allow for the possibility that just be­ On the subject of the coin of Maxentius technique used would be a study of eyes, cause no such finely detailed die engrav­ with the arch, your reader {Mark Thomas, lettering etc. to place each coin in an ing tools have been found they too might leners, January 1991] is partially cor­ ascer1ained spot in a series. exist? rect. A part of the coin's surface results Gerry Meisenhelder 3, "It is not plausible that a celator who from clashed dies but that's only part of Pennsylvania engraved a well organized and beauti­ the story, The clashing produced the ful ly executed coin desig n would scribble lower line of the arch and the besl indica­ disorganized graffitti in entirely different tion of the clash is seen by the remains of inscription styles all over the die of that the top of the Emperor's wreath and the coin ." This is equally hard for me to trace of his nose. However, the depth of David Hendin's March 1991 evalua­ understand, If an engraver wanted to cut was minimal. Subsequently to the tion of the ~mic roletlers · on the coin of incorporate cryptic Christian letters or clash, the die was re-carved : the initial Agrippa seems to have missed the obvi­ cyphers into the coin then I would natu­ lower line was accentuated (but not the ous. The name "JESVS", which is written rally assume that he would do it surrepti­ nose and the wreath) and an area of all over this A. D. 44 coin, is spelled with a tiously, where only equally minded indi­ about 1 mm in thickness was excavated capital"J" (with a top bar). viduals would find il and understand, If along that line, Finally, the top portion of Epigraphically, the letter oJ" is a late early "Christianity' was such a secret and this area was provided with flourishes derivation of the letter "I". It does not a dangerous sect to belong to then I (compare with coin shown in Monuments appear to have developed its disting uish­ would have naturally expected anyone of Rome as Coin Types by Hill, p. 39, Fig. ing tail until the Middle Ag es. The earliest advertising that fact would do so very 58). use olthe capital form of the letter "]", with carefully. Also, if one does allow for the James Meyer top and bottom bars, appears on monu­ possibility of the inscriptions, who's to Germany mentsdatedtothesecondcentury. Thus, say that it had to be by the same en­ the microletters inscribed on this coin are graver? A mini would have numerous not likely to be contemporary with its individuals , several of whom would have I must commend David Hendin for his minting. the necessary ability. most patient, kind, and scholarly answer to this theory of , , , Dr. Vardaman, Zeal Stephan Fregger This hobby of ours needs an open at religion used to good purpose is com­ Florida mind . It is what helps keep it exciting and mendable; however, when it obscures new. To off-handedly dismiss a new and con fuses the intellect and makes theory is probably worse than continually logic disappear, there is only pity left. quoting old and disproved theories. On second thought, perhaps I should Your March issue had a letter from show Mr. Hendin my copy of a Hadrian Richard Baker David Hendin (a rebuttal so 10 speak) AdventiJudeasestertius.Onitcan ciearly California written in response to an ar1icle by one be seen a microinscription stating, "Arik Jerry Vardaman. The same issue had Sharon, Melech Israel", proving my theory Dr. Vardaman's response. th at Judean intelligence agents from Bar Kochba infiltrated the Roman minting l et me say I was very much impressed First let me just say how much I enjoy apparatus, in preparation for the coming and interested in whatDr. Vardaman had The Celator. Having just slar1ed collect­ of the true Messiah, Mr. Sharon. to say. Of course, without photos or Ihe ing ancient coins within the past year, actual coins, it is impossible for me to year and a half, I find your magazine to be Jonathan A. Herbst, M.D, agree or disagree with his theories but, I a wealth of information. I do however New York do leave the possibility open that he may have a suggestion for your fine publica­ be right. I simply do not know. tion. Is it possible to have a glossary or

4 The Celator Numismatic FineArts .A...lLa 'H'[flN"" O ,. ... l IN C THE VERY BEST IN ANCIENT COINS

WE ARE NOW ACC EPTI NG CONSlGNMENTS FOR OUR 1991 AUCTIONS

OlLALITY S I N G LE C O I NS AND C O LLECTIONS

~ UNSURPASSED RE SU LT S FOR COINS SO LD IN AUCTION S

~ COMPLETE ACCESS TO T H E INTERNATIONAL MARKET

~ SUPERLAT IVE PHOTOGRAPH Y AN 0 EXPERT RESEARC H

Numismatic Fine Arts IN Tf RNA TI ONIlL I N C

10100 SANTA M ONICA B OULEVARD. 6TH FLOOR Los AN GHES . CA 90067 T EL' (2 13 ) 278- 1535 FA" (213) 785- 0457

April 1991 5 Tetradrachm of Orophernes is regarded by some as the ultimate Hellenistic portrait coin by Ha rald Salvesen All the known coins of Orophemes might not set up pretensions to the The celebrated tetradrachm of are supposed to come from the same throne. Ariarathes V succeeded his Oraphemes, who ruled in Cappadocia source, found at Priene (modem day falher 182B.C.,andhavingoffended circa 160-156 B.c., arguably the most Turkey) in April 1870. The story of Demetrius Soter (ofSyria), byrefus­ beautiful of all Hellenistic portrait coins, Oraphemes and how the coins were fou nd illg to many his sisler, was driven was the highlight of the Greek si lver was told by c.T. Newton in an article in from his kingdom by that prince, section at NFA's 25th coin auction in Numismatic Chronicle, 1871: who placed Orophernes on the New York on November 29, 1990. throne ofCappa do cia 158 B.G. Af­ It was hammered down at $100,000 ter his expulsion, Adara/hes took on an estimate 0[$80-1 00,000, the high­ refllge with Ihe Roman.s, and was est recorded U.S. dollar price for a silver restored by them to his kingdom Hellenistic ponrait coin. The laSl 1ime il with the assistance ofAttalus /I (his was up for sale, at Bank Leu 20 in 1978, cousin) 157 B.C. it brought SfT J 30,000, which at laday's According to Appian, the Ro­ rate of exchange is roughly equivalent to nJans appointed Ariarathes and the NFA price, but was at the time less in Ol'Ophernes as joint kings of U.S. dollars. When the hammer fell at Cappadocia. Thisjointsovereignty, the NFA auction, the room broke into however. did not last long, as instant applause, no! only because of the Polybins, about 154 B.C.,describes high price, but because a beautiful coin Ariarathes as sole king. had changed hands, and many in the On his accession, Orophernes room knew that the collector that bought had deposiled 400 talents with the the coin had for yeilfs been looking for it, people of Pdene as a resource in ever since he spotted it in the old Bank time ofneed, which sum was claimed Leu auction catalogue. from them by Ariarathes, after be­ ing reinstated in his kingdom. The The coin came from the extensive Prienians having refused to give up William H. Wahler Collection, a collec­ this deposit, were in consequence tion containing 876 Hellenistic portrait itl volved in a war with Adarathes coins, where the tetradrachm of af/d his ally, Attalu.s, from which Orophernes W,IS the main attraction. It they suffered greatly." was valued ,II twice the price of the next valuable coin, and far above any other Others tell us that Oraphemes had coin in that collection. Hellenistic portrait coin of Orophemes extorted this large sum of money from Thi .~ particular coin of Orophernes "Orophemes was one of two his subjects. and that his misrule and the was first offered for sale at Hess-Leu .Hlppsitious l'ons imposed by crippling taxation he imposed made him 1956, where it came as a result of an Antiochis on her husband A riarathes so unpopular that he had to cede the exchange with the British Museum. It IV indefallltoflegitimate issue. She throne to Ariamthes V inspite of a jour­ had been bcquested to that museum in subsequently, howel'er, gave birth ney to Rome. He apparently spent the 1947 by J.5. Cameron. The British Mu­ 10 a real son, who reigned after his resl of his life in Syria. Although he seum, however, already possessed an­ father's death as Ariarathes V. Af­ probBerlin (Richter The Portraits of the Greeks no. 1938), seems to confinn the likeness of the king. c.T. Newton, in his article in Nu­ KINGS OF MACEDON, mismatic Chronicle, 1871, goes on to Perseus, 178-169 B.C., quote a letter from the finder, A. 0. Clarke, AR tetradrachm dated 9th December 1870: (34 mm & 16.80 g). Obv. Diademed bust of "My wife, niece. and self paid a Perseus facing right. vis; t ofinspection 10 P riene ,just one Rev. Eag le on thunderbolt. year since we dined there with c.t. SNG Cop. 1269. Messrs. Newton and Pullan. Th ese LOVELY MINT ST ATE---$4,OOO gentlemen there kindly gave me all William B. Warden, Jr. particulars about the temple, and C/a.,.,icat N",ni.W?uJli-'l. Sl'ecialiJt in the Coills of the Romall Empire showed me the pedestal where the P.O. Box 356, New Hope. PA 18938 U.S.A. 1-215-297-5088 statue of Minerva was supposed 10 have stood. Thisconsisted ofa large base, composed ofmany large slones 6 The Gelator ofoboll1 six hundredweighl each. It was then in proper order. On the occasion of my lasl visil (in April 1870), Ifound alltllese stoncs dis­ turbedfrom their places, excepting fOllr in the centre 0/ the pedesral. Thisdestrllction was apparent tome immediatelyon my em"y 10 the Cella; lind while standing ill Ihe midst of IlleS/! turned-lip stones, lamenting the mischiefdonc, byc/wnce Ifolllld lit myfeet (J coin covered with dirt. J washed i1, alld/Ol/lld it to be silver. and read the lIome Orophemes. IllIen wen! in search of my wife and niece, who were in the treasury. to inform them ofmy gQO(lllIck, and again returned 10 'he base 0/ Millerva's pale.l·tal, when 'he idea struck me Ihat something more might Temple of Minerva in Priene where the coins of Graphemes were found in 1870 befollnd IInder tlt e/ollr intact stones already referred 10 , so I employed IIol/lill8 wo.sfol/lld. However,on/he em Cities(London, 1902), This Society two Greek masons who were work­ MOllda), afterwards, the Greek ma­ still exists, but has today no coin of ing amongsl Ihe ruins, Irimming .sons found amongst the earth of Orophemes in their collection. Perhaps slOne.f/or graveyards. With the aid Minerva's pedestal a goldolive-Icaf, our fri ends in London could tel l us more of ,hree crowbars, we moved Ihe and m'O coins similar 10 thosefOlmd about the Di lettanti Society,and it's role firsl stone, and found under it a by me. I purchased Ihc broken coin in the excavations in Greece. silver coin similar to the one previ­ (now in General Fox's possession), TIle coins of Orophemes are qui te ollsly picked liP; IInder the second and the olive-leaf of the mosolls. rare, with estimates ranging (rom six to Slone we foumJ anOlher coin .fimilar The OIlier coi1lll'05 sold to Mr. 1011/1 ten known pieces. The fi rst to list the 10 I/Ie previolls 1-""0. I then called my Forbes. makillg ill afl five coim. I coins was Mr. Newton in his art icle in wife ami niece to assiSI me in my presenled OIlC 10 the British MII­ Numismatic Chronicle, 187 1: discovery. On their coming lip, wc ,fellm, aile to tll(' Dilettanti Society, 4) a) Still in Mr. Clarke's possession removed t he tlii I'd stone, and/Olmd a gall(' OIlC to my wife, and aile to my 16.712 gr. part of a ring -soya garnel set in niece. My wife lias the olive-leaves b) Purchased by Newton in Priene, gold, an(1 some crumbs of gold; l//l­ and seal, olld my niece Ihe ring ." since lost 16.588 gr_ (IeI' thefollrth stolle wefol/lld a ,,:o/d c) Mr. John Forbe's coin olil'e leaf, a terra-caito seal, and The coins and thejewclry were obvi­ 16,524 gr. some crllmbs ofgol(/. We searched ously deposited under the pedestal as a d) Presented to Dilettanti Society among Ihe rubbish for more, hilt dedication offering, and cou Id have been 16.504 gr. wilhollt success, so WClllla lunch in placed there by Orophemes himself. The (3) e) British Museum 16.394 gr. the treasury. Dilett anti Society mentioned had partly (I) f) Acquired by General Fox, During luncli III!! /1" 0 Greek ma­ explored the temple of Athene Polias:1I broken 16.135 gr. sons, with twoor three orherGreeks Priene around 1820, and it Wit S com­ from Kelebesh (who came 10 Priene, pletely excavated by Mr. Pu llan under Weights were given in grains, here hearillg I was there. 10 pay me a their auspices in IR69. They must have transferred into grams. As noted, not all visit), as we" as Ylltuks from Ihe been quite active. as the Society is twice of the coins listed by Mr. Newton have hillside, who seeing Franks excited men ti oned, on page 349and 36 1, in John been itccounted for in the subsequent at having found something, camc Ward's book Gr('ekCoifls and their POI" tables. down fO rhc spot (a join inlhe ki.smel , All (;omm(,flced scra,ching in the most pClfect harmollY, wOl/(leri/lg (It my good kismel at hovill.~ found Guide to Biblical Coins .so much in so short a lime, and their by David Hendin bod kismel at not being ahle IOfilld anything. This was on a Salurday, Hardcover, 224 pages, 16 pages plates, values, cleaning coins, so on Sunday Ihe illhabilant.f of delecting 10lgelies. much more. Personally autographed. $35.00 Kilibesh, having heard of Ihe well­ "Fascill;lI injlllnd in tormllt ivt.. . " _N. Y. read Fronk' .I' discovery,llIrned Ollt , n"JU "Shoutd ~ a parl or you r li brary." ·Biblical Archa.-ology R~I'iew bound to Priene. in search of Irea­ " lndi!;l'(nsablt ... Rd nng, nn utry Sttiou! colln:tor 's bookshdr."-Thl' erlolo, Sllre, two merchants accompanying Ihem wilh ofair sliPply of money to "We wrote the book on Biblical coins!" purchase any bargain that might AS K FOR our free Illustrated catalog of till'll up. A gJ'(lfid II/rning over of Jewish, Biblical, Greek, Roman coins, .r/olles took place by this moh of weights and small antiquities, men, women, and chill/ren, bllf April 1991 7 •

The next one to attempt to list all known coins was Kurt Rcgling in KNOWN HELLENISTIC PORTRAIT COINS OF OROPHERNES Die Miin zc n von P";cnc (Berlin 1927), Obverse Die Reve rse Die page 45: Coin WI. I 2 1 2 3 4 5 6 Ex: (I) (0 I) Berlin · Ex Fox, Ex Clarke 1870, broken I) Berlin t t6.05 , , Fox 1873 · Clarke 1870, 16.05 gr. Broken & repaired (2) II) do.· Ex LObbecke 2) Berlin II 16.34 , , lObbecke 1906 - Obtained 1895 1895 16.34 gr . (3) (0) li D London· Ex Clarke 3) London 16.39 , , Gift Irom Clarke, 1870 16.39 gr. 4) , , & (4) (a) IV) P ar i .~ - Ex Rollin and Paris 16.71 Rollin Feuardent, 10th July 1871 Feuardent )871 Found at Pr iene, April 1870 16.71 gr . 5) SimoneUa 16.62 , , Exchange, Bibl iotheque Nationale, (5) V) do. - Ex Waddington 10th December 1957- 6871. broken in three Waddington 6871, pi eces 16.62 gr. Broken in U1ree parts (6) VI ) Rothschild - SOlheby's 6) Rothschild 16.9 1 , , "Late Collector", Sotheby's, May 1900.no.410 May 1900, no. 41 0. 16.91 gr. Bought by Rollin (7) VII) In commerce 1910, plaster cast Berlin by 7) Gulbenkian 16.59 , , Jameson 1635 - f;ourtesy or Jacob Found at Priene, 1870 Hirsch 16.6 1 gr. 8) Boston 16.31 , , Garrett 11,1984, no. 281 · VIII) "Modemubersilbertes" Spink, 11th November 1914 excempJar seen in 1~98 ex Si r John Evans, Again. not all of these coins have Priene hoa rd, 1870 (IGCH 1323) been accounted for in the list of the 9) Private 16.51 , , NFA XXV, 1990, no. 178· origi nal Newton .~ ix . Regling does not Collection leu 20, 1978, no. 152 - mention the Dilcll anti .~ pecilllcn. and it Hess-leu, 1956, no. 320 - could already have left the Society. He Exchange, British Museum 1955, notes twoobvcrsc dies. and fou r reverse Bequest J.S. Cameron 1947 dies. This indicates that the production of the Orophemes tetradrachm was a The NFA coin might be either the of the more expensive coins at th;] t auc· fairly substantial one, and that it was not Di lettanti Socictycoin,orthe coin bought tion, and it was bought by the French acase of a special medallion being made by 10hn Forbes. 1.S. Cameron bequested dealer Ro ll in. Its present whereabout is for the dedication offering only. the coin to the British Museum in 1947. unknown. Perhaps the readers of The Six reverse dies are now known, and His note books .. re supposed to be at the Cefaror can help. the coins arc outlined in thech;lrt to ri ght. museum , but cannot unfort unately be The Garrett specimen, bought by 111C no. 2 Berlin specimen, obtained localed al present. When they come to Boston Museum of Fine Arts in 1984, by LObbccke in 1895, is from a different light, they might solve the problem. was not known to Regling, alt hough it obverse and reverse die from the others, The plaster cast in Berl in, bycourtesy was acqu ired by Garrett through Spinks and it carries perhaps a slightly more of Jacob Hirsch in 1910, turns oul to be in London back in 19 14. He re the weight realis tic portrai t of Orophernes. Gulbenkimetal detectors turning up all speculated that it must have been found purchased at Priene, and lost. kinds of .. ncient coins believed to be elsewhere than the hoard of Priene III The Rothschild specimen was sold at un ique or very rare, it is re me:h ild spec imen. It is a repeated truth, unfortunately, that the list free upon request nicest coins are also the rarest ones. I have to thank: Mr. Francis D. P.O. Box 7233 Campbell, New York; Mrs. Si lvia Hurter, Anciell1 & Zurich; Dr. Mart in J. Price, London; Dr. Medieval Redwood City C A 94063 Michel Amandry, Paris and Dr. H.D. (415) 369·1508 Schultz, Berlin for infonnation, photo· copies, photos and plaster casts in can· nection with this article. gn 8 The Gelator Classical & Medieval Numismatic Society is established to foster collector interest in Canada On February 3, 1991, acomminee set The mission olthe Society is to creale as coin market and auction sale reports, up to determine the feasibi1ity of estab­ a friendly, informal environment in which as available .. lishing an ancient coin group in Canada, people 01 like mind can associate in pur· The Classical & Medieval Numismatic alter conducting a survey and consider­ suit of their common interests. Members Sociely sponsors meetings from time to ing all the views expressed by the re­ receive a regular newsletter, and once a lime in the larger population centers con· spondents and others who indicated year the Society's annual publication, currently wilh regional or national nu­ varying degrees of interest. created the The Picus. The laller contains articles on mismatic events. The Society's fi rst edu­ corpus of the Classical & Medieval Nu­ a broad range of subjects of interest to cational seminar is set up for Toronlo mismatic Society. The CMNS is a non­ the membership. A number of commit· during the C.N.A. annual convention in profit educational society whose mem­ ments for the first annual have already July. Another educational program is bership includes collectors, historians, been received. planned for the Fall during T.I.C.F. students and others interested in ancient The bi-monthly newsletter, called The Membership to the Classical & Medi­ and medieval coinage and history. The Anvil, is the main vehicle through which eval Numismatic Society is $20 per year Society's prime objective is the study, the members are regularly kept in contact for regular members and $12 per year lor research, and publication of data and with the Society and with each other. students. Canadian residents may send information, and to further the education Included in each issue is a report on remittance in Canadian funds. U.S. 01 its members, regardless of their level recent events in the ancient and medi­ members are asked to submit dues in 01 knowledge. eval coin and related fields, including U.S. dollars, with the excess being used Thelirsl aim of CMNS is to fill the gap Society-sponsored activities. Other fea­ 10 cover additional postage expenses. that exists in Canada, resulting from a tures incorporated into the newsleller are: For further information or membership lack of a suitable organization to look Counterfeit Watch, with news on recent applications, contact W.H. McDonald, after the interests of Canadian ancient discoveries, sources, etc.; Tips, Tricks Executive Secretary & Treasurer, Clas­ and medieval collectors. However, any­ and Traps with information tailored to the sical & Medieval Numismatic Society, one whether collector, historian or with needs 01 the new or novice collector; P.O. Box 704, Station B, Wil1owdale, other related interests, from the United Book Reviews and Calendar of Events. Ontario, Canada M2K 2P9. The Stales or elsewhere who would like 10 be In addition, short articles on subjects of Secretary's phone number is 416·494- part of this group will be warmly welcomed. interest to members are included, as well 8670. Greek Silver ------OF------

Struck at one of the most important cities of Southern Thrace, Ihese lovely silver coins are beautiful examples of the celator's art. Popular with collectors, they portray the forepart of a horse on the obverse. Grapes are shown on the reverse, as Maroneia was a city significant to the production of wine. Many of the THRACE, MARONEIA, c. 385·360 B.C. vessels we see as antiquities or as pictured on ancient coinage Silver Quarter Stater, forepart or prancing horse were used in the serving, mixing or drinking of wine. The strong left. Reverse: Bunch of grapes attached to vine wine of Maroneia was said 10 have been capable of being diluted branch, SGC 1632 (valued In Vf condition at 150 by up to twenty limes the quantity 01 unmixed wine with water. English C). For a limited amount of lime we have reduced Ihese attrac­ tive, Choice VF coins, minted c. 385-360 B.C" at only $175.00 S175 each each!

Superior Stamp & Coin Co., Inc. .~ 9478 West Olympic Boulevard, Beverly Hills CA 90212-4299 Lt w,,,",ce Goldblrg Phone: (213) 203-9855 • Outside Californ ia: (800) 421-0754 If! GoIdbt

April 1991 9 Changes and transition of nineteenth dynasty Egypt are reflected in the tombs of the Pharaohs by Ron KolIgaard while the fonner was left with a series of bui lt during the Middle Kingdom. Dur­ The New Kingdom (1550-1 070 B.c.) small, dependent satellite states. The ing the I; haotic intermediate periods was Ihc third period of greatness for resu lting Egyptian "Empire" was a for­ whil;h followed the decline of the Old ancient Egypt and - except for a brief midable power. and Middle Kingdoms these tombs had resurgence during thc 26th or Saile Dy­ The eighteenth dynasty also had a been thoroughly robbed and looted. By nasty (664-525 B.c.) - it was the last number of equally remarkable rulers the timeofthe New Kingdom it was d ear time until the modem era when a single, whose fame does not derive from the that such obvious monuments were also independent native ruler controlled the battlefield. Hatshepsut, the widow of obvious targets for thieves. entire country. The New Kingdom was Tuthmosis II ruled as king for fifteen During the seventeenth dynasty, local also a time of great power and wealth, years, oft en being depil;ted as a male Egyptian mlers ofThebes had buill mod­ though both of these slowly began 10 complete with the small beard which est tombs in the desolate terrain around fade aftcr the firs t two centuries as the only a Pharaoh was allowed to wear. the city. During the eighteenth dynasty country began to graduall y fragment from Akhenaten, bom Amenhotep IV, broke these tombs, now intended fortruekings, political and economic stresses. Fol ­ with the preva i I ing dominance of the cuI! were greatly expanded. Amenhotep 1 lowing the dynastic convention devised of Amun, rad icall y shifting the religious had the first of these new royal tombs by Ihe priest Manclhon (ca. 270 B.C.), focus of the land. The dramatic changes constml;ted, probably in the region known who, usi ng records from the Egyptian during what is called today the Amarna today as Ora' Abu el-Naga', although it temples themselves, composed a history Period were not to survive his reign, has never been found. Amenhotep also ofthccountry for Ptolemy II. Therulcrs however. Akhenaten was succeeded by had his monuary temple built away from orlhe New Ki ngdom are assigned to the Tutankhamen, famous, of course, forthe the tomb, an obvious precaution which eighteenth, nineteenth, and twentieth nearly intact tomb whil;h survived until was adopted by his sucl;essors. The dynastics. Unfonunately linlemorethan this I;entury. During the reign of western bank of the Nile across from thcl;hronology of Manethon has survived, Tutankhamen the priests of Amun fu ll y Thebes,just beyond thel;ultivated areas, bUllhe surviving insc: ri ptions on temple re assened themselves. Horemheb, a was gradually convened into a huge walls and other arl;haeological finds do general and powerful coun figure during complex of temples dedicated to I he dead provide a reasonable glimpse of these thcse times, is the last Pharaoh tradition­ Pharaohs. Pharaohs and their times. ally assigned to the eighteenth dynasty, In ordering the constru ction of his The eighteenth dynasty is crowded al though his contemporaries I;onsidered tomb Amenhotep brought together a 1;01- with powerful figures. Prior to the New hi m more as the founder of the nineleenth. lection of sk.illed work ers who, in laler Kingdom much of nonhem Egypt was MUl;h of th is impression, no doubt, came reigns, were to found a village (known controlled by Asiatic invaders known as from his total suppression of the hereti­ today as Deir el-Medina) on the west theHyskos, while Nubians had advanced cal ideas which had prevailed during the bank. BecauseofhisimpetusAmenhotep from thewuth. Amhosc, the firstmlerof Amama Pe ri od under Akhenaten, ideas I remained a sal;red fi gure to those tomb the eighteenth dynasty, managed to fi· whil;h he must have supponed initiall y. workers who remained in Deir el-Medina nally expel these fOfl;cs and Thebes be­ Horemheb was, however, able to stabi­ until the end of the New Kingdom. Fol­ came the I;apital of a new, united, and lize the internal and external affairs of lowing the example of Amenhotep I, powerful Egyptianstate. Shedding some Egypt. tombs were dug into the rock in the cliffs of the traditional isolation which had One of the first responsibilities of an of an arid valley known today as the marked foreign affairs du ring the Old Egyptian mler, during a ll periods, was Valley of the Kings. The name is and Middle K ingdoms,lhesuccessors of for the prep.lrat ions for his burial. Dur­ somewhat misleading, however, since Amhose, notably Amenhotep I, ing pans of the Old Kingdom, vast stone many other nobles were also buried there, Tuthmosis I, and TUlhmosis Ill, pushed pyramids had been constmcted solely to although in tombs that rarely matched Egyptian annies deep into Syri a and hold the mummy of the king. Smaller, those of the Pharaohs. During the eigh­ Nubia. The latter was largely absorbed, but more elaborate pyramids, were also teenth dynasty an elaborate tradition of tomb building began, which was toreach fmition when New Kingdom Egypt was weakest during the twentieth dynasty. Nineteenth dynasty Egypt was a time of Ancient Coins transition, although with the usual ebbs • Mail Bid Sales and flows of fortune, and these changes • Fixed Price Lists are reflel;ted in the tombs which were • Buy or Bid Sales constmcted for the kings of this dynasty. • Numismatic Literature Horemheb was not of thc royal fam­ ily, although his wife may have been. He Specializing in moderate priced ludaean coins had risen in power during the reign of (serious want-lists solicited) Akhenaten to become vil;e-regent of lower Egypt and, later, commander of William M. Rosenblum/ rare coIns the armies. It may have been this mili­ p.O. box 355 evergreen, colo. 80439 tary conne<:tion whil;h allowed Horemhcb 303-838-4831 to claim the k.ingship following the reigns of Almenaten's weak sUl;l;essors. and it 10 The Cela/or may in fact have been a military coup in a hasty but lively style that kept close Valley of the Kings were not exempt. In which brought him to power. Horemheb to the traditional onhodoxy. The granite the declining decades of the New King­ apparently had no children of his own, so sarcophagus was shaped in a manner dom, especially during the twentieth we may conjecture Ihlil he looked for a closer to that used before Akhenaten, dynasty, the tomb workers of Deir el­ man of his own background as li suc­ although it was never fmished and the Medina themselves may have been the cessor. Whether or nOl lhal was indeed necessary religious texts were quickly cu lprits, although their village seems to the reason, Horemheb chose as his vizier painted on it instcad of being carved have been one of the most heavily guarded a man of relatively low biI1h, whose directly into the rock. places in Egypt. It is likely that Ramesses father had been nOlhing more than an The tomb of Ramesses I was first l's tomb was violated during this grim army officer. The vizier, Paramesse, entered in modem times in 1817 by the time, if not earlier. shoI1ened his name whcn hc succeeded greal, early Egyptian explorcr Giovanni During the twenty-first dynasty, when Horemheb, becoming Ramesses I. Banist'l Bclzoni. who later went on to be Upper Egypt was ruled by the priest­ Ramesses had wielded great power un­ the first to enler Ihe Greal Pyramid in kings of Amun at Thebes, a commission der Horemheb, but he was not destined modem timcs. Belzoni was trained as an was set up to assess the damages 10 the for a long reign himsel r. Already old engineer, although he had made his liv­ royal tombs. Lillie treasure was found to when he became king, Ramesses I died ing at one point as a sideshow strongman, remain, and, we may suppose, Ihat any afler a mere sixteen months. and was and his knowledge of hydraulics allowed that was found was taken by the commis­ succeeded by his son Seti I. him to discover many tombs which had sion itself. Most of the royal mummies, Seti wasted little time in securing his been covered by dcbris from flash floods however. were sti ll intact. It wasdecided right to rule. Great temples were con­ since ancient times. In the tomb of to move those dead kings to an obscure structed and the army was ligain sent out Ramesses I Belzoni found two mummies tomb which had originally been built for of Egypt. Seti I ventured into Syria and intered in the sarcophllgus, although nei­ an eighteenth dynasty queen. Forty Lebanon in the first year of his reign, ther, it wou ld be discovered much later, mummies, of which thirty-two have been att acking as far as the lands around the belonged 10 the king. The inlerlopers identified wit h New Kingdom kings in­ impoI1ant foI1ress city of Kadesh on the had becn placed in the tomb at a later clud ing Ramesses 1, were placed in this Orontes River. Egyptian control over dllle, probably seveml centuries after the Royal Cache and remained hidden until these regions had been grcllt ly wcakcned death of thc king. A.D. 188 1. X- ray studies of the mum­ during the later part of the eighteenth Ramesses himself, along with his mies have cast doubt on some of the dynasty, and Seti did much to reassert an treasures, had been taken from his tomb identifications obtained fro m the Egyptian presence. Egyptian power was long before Belzoni had arrived on the hieroglyphs on the coffins, and the pri ests resisted by the Hittites. whose empire scene. Tomb robbery has existed as long who rewrapped these mummies may not controlled most of Asia Minor and ex­ as there were tombs. and those in the have placed them hack properly. Never- tcnded south into Syria. A lruce was established between the two great em­ pires, but the tricky qucstion over which controlled Syria remained unresolved. Seti also sent large forces into Nubia at Miinzen und Medaillen AG least twice, and also fou ght Libyan 45 tribesmen, who apparently hlld not been For years we have been serving much of a threat for several centuries. collectors of A ncient Coins ... Under Seli I Egypt almost regained all the terri tories which had been controlled and we would like to serve you too! underTuthmosis Ill, and which had fallcn away under Akhenaten and his weak successors. The tomb of Ramesses I was a delib­ erate effoI1 to counteract the stylistic innuences which had crept into Egyptian art during the Amama Pcriod, although thc religious texts painted on the wall s • Monthly Illustrated Fixed Price Lists· were not those used by the early kings of • Public Sales · Appraisals · the eighteenth dynasty. The dimensions of the tomb suggest that ori ginally it had • Large Stock in All Price Ranges · been meant to be largcr than thai of • Buying and Selling · Horemheb, bUlthose plans were impos­ sible to implement within the shoI1time Please send us your want list. We will/ill it! of Ramesses' reign. The fi rst corridor, below the firs t set of stairs, was shoI1, Please contact: and in fact istheshonest enlrancecorridor of any royal tomb in the Valley of the Miinzen und Medaillen AG Kings. The burial chamber was cut just past a second set of very steep stairs, and P.O. Box 3647 • Malzgasse 25 care was not taken to give this the di s­ C H - 4002, Basel, Switzerland tinct ivc propoI1ions wh ich previous buria I chambers had had . The burial chamber Tel. (061) 23 75 44 was thconly room to be properly painted,

April 1991 11 the less, it was the mummy of Ramesses enough time for his enonnous tomb to be end. The walls of the chamber. and I that, after lying out in the hot sun for completed. Belzoni uncovered the en­ almost everywhere else in the tomb for five days upon removal from the Royal trance, which laid under the compacted that matter. have care fuJI y painted reliefs Cache, heated in such a way the wrap­ flood debris, and entered a sloped corri ­ of hieroglyphs and drawings depicting pings shifted and the anns slowly rose dor and stai rs, crossed a deep well (which the complex journey of the dead king in up, Need less to say this caused some st ill contained a rope used by ancient the underworld and the necessary in­ consternation among the wo rk ers at the robbers at the bottom) and into two structions for its completion. site! pillared halls. No mummy was found. In the second of the pillared rooms in Inspite of the history of Ramesses but it was noticed that the fl oor in one of the upper level, however, the painted tomb Belzoni did manage to find a cof­ the pillared rooms was uneven. Debris reliefs were not completed. and only fin, and other items such as a number of was removed and a second set of stairs carefull y made sketches remain on the wooden statues which eventually found was revealed which lead down to the true walls and square pillars, and in the large their way to the Briti sh Museum. Unfor­ burial chamber. room behind the burial chamber the walls tunately, although Belzoni was much The burial chamber of Seti I is an were left bare with bright white plaster. more careful than many of his contempo­ enormous affair, having a curved ceiling Inside this chamber were the remains of raries, the techniques of modem archae­ al most seven meters above the floor. Off a sacrificed bull as well as over eight ology had not been invented yet. Few from it are three sma ller chambers and hundred ushabtis. small representations records were kept ofthe discoveri es from two additional rooms with square pillars, of the dead king which were intended to the tomb, and as they became mixed in one of which was found stil l sealed off by magically perfonn work in theafterworld. with other objects from other areas be­ a plaster wall. The high ceiling in the These delicate statues were elaborately fore reaching the museum it is not always burial chamber was covered, for the first painted with very detailed hieroglyphs clear wh ich statues were found in the time. with a complex astronomical scene covering the lower halfs. tomb. Also unfonunmely, the tomb of painted on a mostly black background. The remains of other burial equip­ R:unesses I is in much disrepair today. Constellations are depicted as animals ment, most probably smashed and of The cei ling of the burial chamber has and gods, some being very sim ilar to little value to ancient robbers, lay scat­ been weakened and is being held by a those which we use today, as well as tered throughout the tomb. although series of wooden heams. Much restora­ stellar groups called decans which the Belzoni took lillie notice of it. This is ti on work is needed for t h i.~ site. Egyptians used as part of a 365 day unfonunate since these items as well as Soon after finding the tomb of stellar calendar. Great paintings of the their location within the tomb would Ramcsses I Belzoni also uncovered the goddesses Isis and Nepthys. depicted provide modem Egyptologists with im­ remarkable tombof Seti I. Seti I reigned with spread wings, survey the burial portant details about the rituals involv­ fo r almost sixteen years, providing chamber from the topofthe walls at each ing the entombing of kings, as well as, perhaps, the ceremonies that were per­ fonned when the mummy of Seti 1 was removed and taken to the Royal Cache. Little remains of these items today. since J2Lncient (jree/0 the tomb has been heavily visited since its rediscovery. and Belzoni even set up living quarters in it when he returned to !l(gman & tByzantine investigate other sections of the Valley of the Kings. Belzoni did, however, make casts of the detailed wall reliefs COINS which were eventually used to fonn the nucleus of an exhibit in London. Al­ though the process of taking these casts caused some damage they remain impor­ tant records since the reliefs were subse­ quent! y heavily damaged by a fl ash fl ood, treasure seekers, and two centuries of tourists. Readily noticed by Belzoni. the burial chamberofthis tomb contains one of the most intriguing mysteries in the Valley of the Kings. Directly underneath the coffin of Seti I (as opposed to the larger sarcophagus into which the coffin was ( Send Today For Free Illustrated List) placed, and which was not found in the tomb) is a set of stairs descending down even further into the rock. Unfortunately for the Egyptian tomb workers, they had TOM CEDERLIND reached a layer of soft shale which was difficult to wo rk with. The resulting P.o. Box 1963-C, Portland, OR, 97207 tunnel was unstable and, perhaps soon after it was dug became blocked with (503) 228-2746 fallen shale. Belzoni removed as much as he could, but was forced to stop .... 12 The Gelato' • If you're buying Ancient, Medieval or World coins you should be subscribing to our mail bid and public auction catalogs • If you're selling all or part of your collection you should seriously consider consigning to our well publicized sales

At Ponterio & Associates your coins are a/ways in good hands For information write or telephone: PONTERIO & ASSOCIATES, INC. 1818 ROBINSON AVENUE SAN DIEGO, CA 92103 800-854-2888 or 61 9-299-0400 ~)~re' Licensed Auction Company #968 ~':"Muo:'.~ P.N.G.1I308 Richard H. Ponterio - President L.M.1I2/63

April 199/ 13 after moving one hundred meters down and his successor was his thirteenth son, that as they neared Kadesh the large the tu nnel because of the fo ulness of the who was an old man himself when he Egyptian army was spread out and, be· air that far from the tomb ent rance. The finally reached the throne. cause of fal se information planted by the tunnel itself, however. cont inued on. In Ramesses II was the heir to the strong Hittite king Muwatallis, Ramesses ven­ A.D. 1960 a local shiek looking for military tradition which had begun as a tured very close to the city with only his treasure brought in air pumps to continue reaction against the heretical Amama advance guard, underthe impression that the excavation, but was forced to quit Period, and which sought to emulate the the Hittites had retired. They had not. after mov ing only thirty meters farther. great conquerors of the early eighteenth The main Hittite army emerged from Theend orthe tunnel was sti ll not reached. dynasty. In ty pica l style Ramesses II beh ind Kadesh and annihilated one of and has not been reached to this day. desired to out match them all. The fo r­ the four divisions of the Egyptian army, It is unclear what - if anything - tress city ofKadesh W3S a great source of ul ti mately leaving Ramesses with only lies at the end orthis mys terio us passage, content ion between the Egyptian and his household troops. According to his but the fact that Belzoni did not discover Hitt ite Empires. Even one of the greatest own accounting, Ramesses was deserted the large sarcophagus leaves open the Egyptian military leaders of the New even by these. and single handedly fought possibil ity that the true burial off the Hitt ites until the rest of the chamber has not been found. The Egyptian army could arrive to push usual design of tombs before Seti I them back. Ramesses proclaimed points to the large vaulted burial it a victory for himself and Egypt, chamber as being the burial cham­ although he was unable to take ber, but the placement of the coffin Kadesh, has suggested to some that it was The Hittites, however, were left dragged from below and then placed in a weakened position and, ac­ on the firs t nat surface above the cord ing to their version of the b3t11e tunnel. Such a deed could have (whic h they considered to be a been pcrfomled when the reburial Hi tt ite victory) did not pursue the commissions were sent in to move Egyptians farther than Damascus. the mummy of Seti I to the Royal A com mon interpretation of the Cache. Further, the coffin was Battle of Kadesh is that RlImesses painted with the hieroglyphs of the was a poor strategist, but pcrson­ Book of Gates, which was usually all y courageous. It has been pointed left forthe walls ofthe burial cham­ out by others, however, that al­ ber. Inothertombs in the Valley of though we can be fairly sure of the the Kings where it was not possible former, the latter is questionable. to make the proper reliefs on the The inscriptions which Ramesses w3 11s, these hieroglyphs were ordered made to commemorate sometimes placed on thecoffin . If him self and the battle were not in­ the true burial chambe r of Seti I tended as history, and if the king was indeed cut out of the soft sh31e hadcowered in fearundera blanket then that circumstance may have in asupply wagon they would prob­ occurred. Until the mysterious abl y have read the same. Onehighl y tunnel is excavated, however, these speculative line of reasoning about possibilities wi ll have to remain Ramesses' personal role in the battle very speculative, but the tunnel does comes from the condition of the ill ustrate the remarkable lengths to royal mummies. Modem analysis which anc ient Egypt ian lomb has shown that with rare exceptions workers went in the construction of the Pharaohs did not appear to have tombs for their kings. any war injuries, even if they had Seti I was succeeded byhis son, Portrait statue of Ramesses II warlike reputations. Taken collec­ one of the most remarkable and ti vely this suggests that Egyptian famous kings of all antiqui ty. Ramesses Kingdom, Tuthrnosis Ill, had failed to generals sta yed well away from the ac­ II . the Great, ruled Egypt for sixty-seven secure it and Ramesses' father had been tual fighting, although at Kadesh, which years and, quite litera lly. left his name unable to hold it. Trouble in the small almost certainly did involve a sudden stamped across the fa ce of it. Mammoth states in Levant, which were tied to Egypt, surprise attack by the Hittites, this may temples, statues, obelisks and other ar­ began in the fourth year of his reign, not have been possible. As with much of chi tectural wonders were constructed which Ramesses largely put down, while Egyptian history we will probably never during hi s reign, al[ promi nentl y display­ in the following year he ventured fonh know for sure the true role of Ramesses ing his name and loudly proclaiming his witha large amlY for Kadesh, which was during the battle. martial glori es and fidelity to the gods. in the hands of the Hitt ites. Following the Battle of Kadesh bor­ And new temples were not enough, older Many of the detai ls of this histori c der clashes with the Hittites continued ones were sometimes dismantled for the encountcrhavecomedown to us because for more than a decade, but never again new, or simply rededicated in his name. of the numerous inscriptions on temple was there to be a large confrontation. As if that were not enough he had over a walls throughout Egypt describing it. The death of Muwatall is lefl his succes­ dozen royal wives of vllrious ranks and We are also fort unate to have the Hittite sor. Hattusi lllI, in a weakened position fmhered perhaps as many as a hundred version, which was found in the records and, almost two decades after the Battle children. The great length of Ram esses' of their capital city, Hattusas, in Analolia. of Kadesh, a treaty was made between life meant that he outlived many of these, From these sources we can determine the two powers which brought -+

14 The Gelator C. J. Martin (Coins) Ltd of London, England.

As major wholesalers of Ancient Coins and Antiquities 01 the Ancient World we oHer some 01 the keenest priced coins and artifacts available on the world market, both 10 dealers and collectors, "you would like to benefit from buying at English prices with old fashioned English grading. then ask for our regular catalogues by leller, fax or phone. This monlh we oHer:-

A selection 01 Romano British Brooches of a form type. Last year we purchased the complete collection of Romano British brooches formed by John Hayward. The collection had been exhibited for about 10 years in both Bury 51. Edmunds and Ipswich Museums, had been catalogued and studied, and was believed to have been the largest collection of its kind. We offer below a selection of these brooches. Although generally lacking their pins, which is common with Ihese pieces, there are many rare and useful types. Generally they were found in East Anglia. We also have a large selection nollisted.

1) CRESTED SITIING COCK, some enamel remains. pin repaired. $200.00 2) $ITIING DUCK, in lIallorm, blue enamel on back, pin missing, 3.8 ems $250.00 3) SITIING DUCK, lIat form, blue enamel. loop on tail, pin missing, 3.3 ems. $250.00 4) DUCK IN PROFILE, looped at Ifont. possibly a peahen. pin missing, 2.4 ems. $100.00 5) BIRD IN FLIGHT, enamel sections, loop on tail, with pin . 3.8 cms. $340.00 6) PERCHED BIRD, crescen~c shape, some orange enamel, long beak, length 2.7 ems. £320.00 7) BIRD IN FLIGHT, laint fraces 01 red enamel, pin missing, 3.0 ems. $180.00 8) HARE, blue enamel with spots, pin missing, 2.9 ems. $150.00 9) CROUCHING DOG" with lines 01 niello inlay, pin missing, 2.2 ems. $80.00 10) DOG, lines of niello inlay inlay, glass eye, looped tail, leogth 2.4 cms. $200.00 11) HORSE. enamel compartments gone, pin missing, leogth 3.7 ems. $180.00 12) HORSE, with blue enamel, bar toining feet, pin missing leng!h 3.6 ems.unusual variety£$33Q.OO 13) HORSE AND RIDER. traces 01 red enamel, pin missing. length 3.3ems. $150.00 14) FLY with enamelled wings,loop on tail, complete with pin, leng!h 3.0 ans. $240.00 ,~ ,. r· 15) FISH,traces of enamel and central roundel wi!h traces of orange enamel length 2.5 cms $ 180.00 . 16) LION, traces of eoamel. pin missing, length 3.1 ems. A crisp example . $330.00 • 17) LYRE, with trances of Millefiore, blue and red enamel, length 3.2 ems. $260.00 18) SHOE SOLE, laint traces of lining. no pin. 3.3 ems. A good clean example. $120.00 19) CHATELAINE brooch with diamonds and triangles 01yellow and blue enamel, pin and hanging ~ pieces missing, height 4.0 ems , Rare. $280.00 20) TRUMPET brooch (subgroup S(ii)), wi!h pin and traces 01 enamel length 4.0 ems. $200.00 ~ 21) LION FIBULA, with a modelled lion on the bow, pin missing, length 2.4 ems $100.00 22) SERPENT DISC, Central cisc with panels of enamel racialing from centre. 2 pairs of proteclions around !he disc, one pair of two further small discs and the other. along the axis of the brooch,with serpent head terminals.Pin broken, 5.0 ems. $230.00 23) DISC BROOCH. wi!h applied radiating boss, traces of gilding, pin missing,diameter 2.6 ans. SUrlace a lillie rough. as is usual. $160.00 24) DISC BROOCH with concentrie bands 01 enamel in triangles, three protecting knobs and one loop over spring, complete with pin, leng!h 3.3 cms. A lovely example, $235.00 25) DISC BROOCH, with central raised intaglio 01 blue glass, impressed wi!h a bird in centre,pin missing . Diamelef 3.0 ems. Thames find $345.00 26) PHALLUS BROOCH, a bow fibula in solid s~ver in the lorm 01 a large phallus, lacks pin. a I18ry large example from Hadrian's wall. 5.5 ems. $995.00 27) CRESCENT Brooch, or lunar type, !he body with blue and White enamel remaining, rounded at I terminals, pin missing, 2.5 cms. An attractive example. $200.00 C.J.Martin (Coins) Ltd 85, The Vale, Southgate, London N 14 GAT. England Established 20 years Tel: (0)81 882 1509 Fax: (0)818865235 Telephone Visa & Mastercards accepted OUR CATALOGUES INCLU DE ANCIENT GREEK BRONZE, GREEK SILVER, ROMAN SILVER £, BRONZE, BYZANTINE, CELTIC, ANGLO SAXON, NORMAN, HA/t\MERED MED IEVAL, ANCIENT ARTEFACTS., HOARDS & SPECIAL OFFERS Prices from £5 • £5,000

April 1991 15 peace between the empires. Several years cient non-aggression treaty known be­ ward, where it was split between Mem­ later this treaty, which appears to have tween powerful, independent states. phis, the capital during the Old King­ been honored by both sides, was further The latter half of Ramesses' long reign dom, and a new city Pi-Ramesses. Ul­ strengthened by the marriage of a Hittite was relatively peaceful and, considering timately this shift was to lead to a deep princess to the Egyptian king, who, late the difficulties which were to befall Egypt rift between the Pharaoh and the still in Ramesses' life, became one of his within a few years after his death, prob­ powerful priests of Amun in Thebes. but fa vorites. In a remarkable coup fo r ar­ ably came to be thought of as a "golden lillie of that was probably apparent dur­ chaeology we have both the Egyptian age". This, as well as the incredible ing the time ofRamesses II. Thebes was and Hittite versions of the peace treaty, number of monuments which he was not by any means forsaken during this the former having been engraved in able to construct throughout the country lime. The great Hypostyle Hall in the hieroglyphs on a temple wall in Karnak probably did more to secure his reputa­ Karnak Temple. begun under Horemheb, in Thebes, and the latter being in tion for future generations than his dubi­ was completed, and a vast temple com· Babylonian cuneiform on a clay tablet in ous performance at the Battle ofKadesh. plex, the Ramesseum, was constructed Hattusas. The treaty, which has some Early in hi s reign Ramesses trans­ to house the mortuary cult of the king. striking modern clauses, is the only an- ferred the capital from Thebes north- The tomb of Ramesses II. however. lying just a few kilometers west of these monuments, is not an impressive site today. Debris from ancient fl ash floods had left it open, but choked with a rock when Europeans flTSt entered the Valley of the Kings in modem times. Early Egyptologisls cleared much of this away, Bank Leu Ltd Zurich although a subsequent flood early in Ihis century has filled much of it again. The Numismatics tomb itselfis large, which isnot surpri sing considering that the tomb workers had more than enough time to complete it. The tomb descends through a long corri­ dor and stairways down to a series of columned chambers. The passage con­ tinues past these entering another large chamber. The main course of the tomb then takes a right angle to the large burial chamber which haseight square columns. Six more chambers lead out from the burial chamber, one of which connects with two further rooms. In spite of the grandeur and wealth of his reign. or perhaps more properly because of it, little has been recovered from Ramesses' tomb. It would have been an obvious target for robbers during the declining years of the New Kingdom. Ramesses' mummy ultimately found its way. with so many others. to the Royal Cache. In the Cairo museum it is possible today to gaze upon the face of this long dead king as he lies next to a wall carving showing his exploits against the Hittites. ' nspite of the rather disappointing Every year we have an auction of very important ancient coins condition of Ramesses n 's tomb today, in spring. there remain several intriguing myster­ We issue occasional lists. ies. It is possible that the ancient floods Our stock ranges from Hemitartemoria to Dekadrachmai, and which first ruined the tomb occurred from Ouadrantes to Multiple Aureus Medallions. before the death of the king and that it We actively buy and sell at all price levels. was never used fora proper burial. Some speculative evidt:nce forthis comes from a second tomb which may have been the actual burial site. 11lis other tomb, known Bank Leu as Tomb 5, was constructed in the floor of the valley and was also fi lled with Numismatics flood debris. It was partially cleared in Bank Leu Ltd the nineteenth century and revealed a In Gassen 20 CH-800 1 Zurich Switzerland curious architecture unlike any other Telephone (from the US) 011 41 1 2192406 Telefax 011 411 2193306 tomb. A relatively short entrance way leads 10 a large chamber with sixteen 16 The Gelator square columns with the same propor­ youngest son of (stnofret and Ramesses' lapse and with it a loss of Egyptian influ­ tions as that typical of burial chambers thirteenth was - eventually - able to ence in the region. Little is known about during the nineteenth dynasty. A series succeed the old monarch. the cause of these disasters and the sub­ of rooms, some small and some nOI, Although the laller half of Ramesses sequent dark age which engulfed much extends away from this central hall, but II 's reign seems to have been without of the Bronze Age world. Some lines of without the central axis typical of other major strife , such w.. s not to be in store reasoning trace it to climatic cond itions tombs. A further corridor does extend for his son. Soon after he succeeded, or overwork ed soil, but other factors opposite the entrance hall, but it has Merneptah had to send ihe arnlY into the were probably involved as welt in a mix never been cleared and explored. Levant toput down several trouble spots. that we can only speculate about today. Thai the tomb was intended for a king This action would not appear to have What little infonnation we haveaboul is derived from the relief of the goddess been all that remarkable except that one the events during this time comes from Mant which was carv ed on an outer wall of the lands which Memeplah declared Egypt, which was able 10 survive, al­ llnd the cartouche of Ramesses II. The to have been destroyed is thaI orlsrae!. A though only after two serious invasions. architecture of Tomb 5 is somewhat stela announcing this, along with other, Memeplah fought the first ofthese against similar to the other tomb of Ramesses; later military uchievements is the only all3ckers fro m Libya. The Libyan king both have colu mned burial chambers and known mention of Israel by Egyptian Meryry invaded with a host of allies numerous side rooms which were prob­ Pharaohs. whom the Egyptians referred to as the ably intended to hold members of his Far more significant at the time, how­ "Sea Peoples". They overran border large family . The fonn of the names of eve r. was the invasion that occurred dur­ fortresses and penetrated the eastern delta, the killg in each tomb show that Tomb 5 ing the fifth year of Memeptah's reign. where they were finally met by the main was begun after thc other. 'ille purpose Serious calamities were occurring Egyptian arm y. After a hard battle the of this second tomb is unclear. Was it throughout the Mediterranean world, invaders were totall y defeated and pushed intended only for other members of the producing large scale migrations as well back. Among the aUies listed wi th the huge royal fam il y, or was it started after as epidemics of piracy. Over the course Libya ns by the Egyptians are the the first tomb became flooded? We may of many decades the Mycenean palaces Ahhiyawa people, who have been linked never know since Tomb 5 now lies un­ of Greece fell, as did Troy and other by some to the Achaeans(i.e. Mycenean derneath a parking lot that was built to places in Anatolia. During the twentieth Greeks), although Ihis identification has accommodate tourist bus.<;es ! dynasty the great Hinite Empire itself. been challenged by others. Other Sea A second mystery aboulthe tomb of which had only a few decades before Peoples seem to have originated from Ramesses " is the same as that of his fi elded an army thm almost bested thatof Sicily, Sardinill, Lycia and other places, father Seti I. In 1978 it was discovered Egypt, fell and virtually vanished. In the some may even have been ancestors of thaI the rear sections of thi s tomb, which. Levant there was just as serious a col- the Etruscans. Muny of these outsiders like that of Seti I, lies upon soft shale, contains a passageway extending under­ neath the burial chamber. As the tomb itself is currently in an unstable condition BYZANTINE EMPIRE, Constantine IX, no exeavalions orthis curious tunnel are 1042-1055 A.D. AV tetarteron likely 10 happen soon. As with Seti I the nomisma (17 mm & 3.93 g). sarcophagus of Ramesses II has never Obv. Facing bust of Christ. been found, suggesting again to some Rev. Facing bust of Constantine IX. that the true burial chamber has not come D.O. #6 & Sear 1833, to li ght. The poss ibility of vast hordes of Lovely smalf piece of thick fabric & treasure and artifacts, though, is ex­ aEF------$1 .250 ceedingly remote, since the presence of UI/der 111(' rei!;11 ofConslulllilrc IX lire coinage Ramesses' mummy in the Roy .. 1 C .. chc is Jdwsed /0 afillelless ofcircu 18 C(lI'(JI.~. is a sure sign that the original burial William B. Warden, Jr. equipment, wherever it was pluced , was C/iusicol Nu",i.BRUSSELS· BELGIUM sible that Seti was the true heir whose reign began with thedeathofMemeptah, Tel: 011-322-734-6356 and that Amenmesse was a usurper who Fax: 011-322-735-7778 controlled some parts of the country for the first five years of Seti's reign. The latter version, at any rate, became .... 18 The Gelator ANNOUNCING THE SAN FRANCISCO NUMISMATIC & ANTIQUARIAN BOURSE When : April 26th & 27th Where: Holiday Inn - Golden Gateway In downtown San Francisco - On Van Ness Hours: 2-day show 10-7 on Fri. & 10-6 on Sat. FEATURING: THE LAST OF THE GREEK & ROMAN COINS FROM THE COLLECTION OF NELSON BUNKER HUNT Sotheby's has agreed to bring the highlights of the over 1000 lots of Greek & Roman coins from the last of the Hunt Collection, including a selection of over 300 Roman gold aureL These are collector coins and will be of the rarity and/or grade which will be of great interest and best of all, it is felt that these will be much more affordable to the regular collector than some of the earlier sales. This will be the only showing of any of the Hunt coins which will take place on the West Coast. The actual sale will take place in N.V.C. in late June.

The Introduction of the Ancient* Coin * * Certification* * Service by David Sear We have persuaded David Sear to formally present his certification service to the collecting public at the San Francisco NAB. This service features certification, grading, and extensive coin description in a simple, fileabl e, permanent format which is also highly affordable and we think will prove of great interest to many collectors. He will be there to discuss the service and accept coins for certification. * * * * * In Addition Many of the most important dealers in the United States in ancient coins, medieval coins, coins of Britain, Anglo·Saxon, modern foreign, crowns, foreign gold, and classical antiquities. * * * * * Open to the public - Free Admission (upon presentation of a positive 1.0.) * * * * * Reduced rate parking at the hotel ($5.00) for all collectors. * * * * * Guest dealers without tables will be provided with security. If you have not made arrangements for table space, I suggest you contact me immediately to see if space is stiff available. With the Hunt presentation by Sotheby's and David Sear in attendance, it is anticipated that collectors from throughout California, the Pacific Northwest, & the West wi{{ be in attendance and so space should be at a premium. THE NUMISMATIC & ANTIQUARIAN BOURSE (Dr. Arnold R. Saslow) P.O. Box 374, South Orange, N.J. 07079 Phone: (201) 761-0634 FAX: (201) 761-8406

April 1991 19 the official line and Amenmesse was leading families. Inspite of this, and tomb eventuall y became fi lled with de­ quick ly struck from the offi cial king lists. inspite of the difficulties in the country as bris from nash noods which has never Regardless of how long Setl II ruled, a whole, some elegant tombs were been fully cleared oul, so it is nol known the real power during hi s reign was with started for the transient kings who fol­ if the actual sarcophagus was disturbed his wife, Queen Tausen, and a powerful lowed Merneptah. The shortness of their and the mummy of the king destroyed at coun figure, Bay, who may have been reigns, however, meant that all were this time. Syrian. Both Tausen and Bay were pow­ hastily fmished. The proportions of the Other archaeological work near the erful enough to have royal style tombs completed seclions of Amenmesse's tomb, though, suggests that inspiteoflhe constructed for themselves in the Valley lomb show thai il was probably meanl lo official story Amenmesse was more than of the Kings. For Tausert th is was an be si m ilar i n sty lc to thllt of Memeptah 's. a mere usurper. An ostracon (a flat piece impressive honor, since only one other The first corridor and a four columned of limestone used by scribes) contains a woman, Hatshepsut, had a tomb con­ chamber were dug out, and reliefs were single sentence discussing the transpor­ structed there as opposed to in the nearby cut in the wall s of the upper portions of tation of the mummy of Amenmesse Valley of the Queens. Afterthe death of the tomb, but these were never full y down the Nile to Thebes in the first year Seti, Tausert's influ ence remained as a painted and the true burial chamber was of Seti's reign, strongly suggesting that young prince who may have been yet nol even begun. Amenmesse had a sole reign and then the another son of Ramesses II , Sitpah, be­ The real indignity, however, came preparations for his burial were being came king for a few more years. Fol low­ thirteen years later when the tomb of conducted by Seti II, whose reign had ing the death of Sitpah, Tausert herself Setnakt, the first king of the twentieth just begun. took the titles of king, being the last dynasty, was begun. The workers mis­ Seti II 's tomb was constructed in a Pharaoh traditionally ass igned to the judged the orientation of Amenmesse's section of the Valley of the Kings which ninetenth dynasty. The internal struggles tomb and acc idently tunneled into the had not been used since the eighteenth withi n the court were Illi rrored throughout top of it. By this time Amenmesse had dynasty. Like thai of Amenmesse it too the hmd, and the decades following the been officiall y listed lIS a usurper, and has wonderfully carved, but unpainted, de.uh of Merneplah were seen later as ,I work ers were sent inlo the tomb to cut reliefs along the walls near the entrance dangerous time when bri gilnds rampaged from the rocks the name of the king ,lI1d and is uncompleted below. In what be­ throughout the land and the royal officials his image. It's quite possible that some came the bu rial chamber, paintings, failed to adequately appease the gods. of the ones who did this were the very without the accompanying reliefs, were The strife within the court was mir­ artists who had carved the reliefs in the quickly added to the walls but never rored withi n the vi llage of the first place. Much else was laken from the finished. In some sections even the red tombrnakers, Deir el-Mcdina, by a feud tomb, i n particu lar the large statues of the paint of outlined gods and the square grid which had developed between twoofthe gods which had been placed in it. The used to correctly align the text and draw­ ings were left before the tomb was sealed. Archaeological work in the area sug­ gests that during th is chaotic ti me Seti 's If you aren't seeing this symbol on burial was robbed before it was even sealed! Letters found on ostraca from catalogues you are currently receiving Deirel-Medina tell that Paneb, a foreman of one of the two gangs which worked in Ihe royallombs, was accused of plunder­ ing from Seti's tomb wine, incense, statues, and even sections of a door, and that Paneb was seen sitting drunkenly on the king's sarcophagus. Although the foreman was able to escape this charge from his rivals, he was later accused of taking several large cut stones from the outer pans of Seti II 's tomb for use in his own private chapel. And, indeed, the wall that WllS bu ilt above the entrance 10 Seti 's tomb was damaged at some point. Panebdid have friends in high places; his accusations against a vizier of Amenmesse's were used as a pretex t to remove Ihe vizier from office early in the reign of Seti II , but eventually he was found guilty of other mischief and, almost certainly, executed. In this century Write for our membership list Howard Carter restored the tomb of Seti II after being given a grant of money for Jean-Paul Divo that purpose by a wealthy tourist, and Secretary, I.A.P.N. later used it to house the treasures from Tutankhamen's tomb as they werc pre­ Liiwenstrasse, 65 pared for their journey to Cairo. CH-8001 Zurich, Switzerland Seti's successor Siptah died young. Considering the turmoil of the times, 20 The Gelato' foul play cannot beruled out in thedemise Ramesses III was assassinated, and his from The Atlas ofAncient Egypt. with a of this young king, although the condi­ successors (Ramesses IV th rough minor modification from John Romer's tion of his mummy shows that he had a Ramesses XI) were unable to control the Valley of rh e Kings and Ancient Lives club foot and possibly polio and was not decline of Egypt's fortunes. Ultimately (80th of which are available as inexpen­ in good health. The digging of Siptah's the country became divided between the sive trade paperbacks and are strongly lomb was largely completed. however. Pharaoh and the high priest of Amun at recommended for those interested in and he had aproperburial chamber. The Thebes and never regained the prestige ancient Egypt. as are the BBC documen­ painting and relief work in the tomb was and power of the early centuries of the tary series Ancient Lives and Romer's with some of the highest qual it y produced New Kingdom. Egypt ). by the workers. which is all the more The translation of Egyptian names remarkable considering the strife that DATING AND NAMING into English also varies because, although was going on inside Deir el-Medina be­ EGYPTIAN KINGS a phonetic version of hieroglyphs was cause of the village feud. and the diffi­ The dating of Egyptian documents used, no vowels were employed. Some culties which were afflicting Ihe country and temple records was based on the latitude remains in the translation, which as a whole. Today some of the ceiling regnal years of the kings. AffIXing abso­ can easily be seen by a comparison of a paintings in Siplah's tomb have escaped lute dates to these is only possible with few books on Egypt, although some re­ the ravages that have damaged so many reliability after 664 B.C., when they can course can be made to later Greek trans­ others, and they remain fine examples of be matched with dates taken from Greek lations. The versions used here are those the lomb maker's talent. history. Before this time some assis­ employed by John Romer. The workers were kept busy at this tance can be made by correlating the time. si nce large royal tombs were also years with certain rare astronomical ordered forTausert and Chancellor Bay. events which were of interest to the KINGSOFTHE Bay's tomb, wh ich was made smaller Egyptians, and which can be dated today NINETEENTH DYNASTY than that of the others. contains some with great accuracy. Aamesses I 1307-1306 interesting reliefs of Bay worshipping During the New Kingdom the abso­ Seti I 1306-1290 the gods which are not seen in other lUie dales of the reigns of the kings are Aamesses II 1290-1224 tombs. The rest ofthis tomb is filled with probably accurate to five or six years. Merneplah 1224-1 214 debris that has never been cleared, The relative dating between these reigns Amenmesse 1214-1210 however. and the interior sections re­ is more well established, although it is Seli II 1210-1204 main a mystery. The tomb of Tausen complicated by co-regencies and the later Siptah 1204-1198 was also largely completed. although it exclusion of some ki ngs from Ihe official Tausert 1198-1 196 was reopened soon after the powerful lists. The following list has been taken queen was interred. !!iI When the early work on Setnakt's fi rst tomb collided with that of Amenmesse, the former had to be aban­ doned. Setnakt may have been ill al the lime, for although his reign had just be­ gun a new tomb was not started. Instead, STEPHEN M. HUSTON a new corridor was cui below the burial chamber in the tomb of Tausert. which C[assi,;a( 9{jl1llismatist led to a second burial chamber that was P.o. Box 193621 dug oul for Setnakt. In some respects this San Francisco, CA 9411 9 USA second corridor rcscm bles the mysterious corridors which lead off from the burial (415) 781-7580 chambers in the tombs of Seti I and Ramesses II, although the circumstances 'Evuycoitt ilfustratdactuafsiu. in the case of Tausert and Setnakt were Write for atopy ofour nt{/. wtafcgut. special. It is likely that the tombs of Memeptah 's successors were plundered not long after they were sealed. The mummies of Seti II and Siptah were eventually placed in the lesser Royal Cache. while that ofTausert was placed WHOLESALE TO ALL! with the Royal Cache. 100 ancient coins in flips and attributed. A diverse lot The brief reign of Selnakt is the first assignedtothetwentiethdynasty. Setnakt including Nero. Caesar Augustus, Alexander the Great, was not a descendant of Ramesses II . in Biblical "Widow's Mite", etc. Only $475.00 postpaid, with fact his parentage is not known, but he satisfaction guaranteed! may have come to the throne because of Tausert. Setnakt's son, Ramesses III . ruled for over thirty years, taking London Coin (ja[[eries Ramesses II as his role model. Some Mi ssion Viejo Mall, Mission Viejo, CA 92691 measureof stability returned, and just in 1-5 al Crown Valley (714) 364-0990 time. for Ramesses III had to fight off serious invasions by the Sea Peoples. April 1991 21 People in the News

Levy introduces students to world of ancient coins

A lecture entilled "An Introduction to had a variety of coins on display for the the Coinage and Personages of Ancient students to examine, as well as sample Rome: From the End of the Republic copies of The Cefator. At the close of the Through the Beginning of the Aoman session, a question and answer period Empire, 60 B.C. to A.D. 68" was given in was held, with levy giving away five Memphis, Tennessee on Friday, March ancient coins to students who gave eor­ 1st. The Hutchison School, which is a rect answers. private girl's school in Memphis, hosted Bob levy is a collector who special­ Bob Levy. Approximately 120 latin, izes in denarii of the Twelve Caesars. He Greek and Ancient History students in has written several articles which have grades 9-12 aUended. appeared in The Celator. The discussion was aimed at giving the students a basic introduction to the world of ancient coinage. Particular top­ Fraternity mourns ics included the Julio·Claudian Roman emperors, the Tribute Penny of the Bible, the passing of and the Boscoreale Hoard. Each studenl was given a seven-page Edward Gans pamphlet which featured denomination Edward Gans, a well known contribu­ information, brief histories of th e emper­ tor to the world of ancient numismatics, ors, and family trees to show connections passed away on February 13th at his Bob l evy al Hutchinson School between various individuals. levy also Berkeley, California home. Born in Ham­ burg,GermanY,onAugust30, 1887,Gans was 103 years old. After spending 20 years in Berlin as a Are you interested in banker, Gans moved to New York in 1937. In 1939 he founded Nu mismatic CHOICE WORLD COINS? Fine Arts Gallery, specializing in ancient Greek and Roman coins. Among his You should be receiving our publications many accomplishments at NFA was the cataloguing of the Grand Duke George MORE THAN THREE Michailovich Collection of Russian coins, MAIL BID CATALOGUES ANNUALLY which now resides in the Smithsonian Institution. Gans also handled the sale of some of the largest individual collections Featuring RARE and CHOICE gold and silver coins of of ancient coins ever dispersed. the wo rld as well as ancient coinage and world paper Relocating to Berkeley in 1953, Gans spent 40 years assembling an impres­ money. A sample catalogue is $15.00 postpaid. sive collection of seals from the ancient world. This collection, containing over Includes Prices Realized 5,000 items, consisted mainly of seals from China, Japan, Mexico, Canada and An annual subscription is also available. The cost is $45 Thrace, some of which dated to 5,000 B.C. On August 30, 1987, at an event within the U.S. and $60 outside the U.S. celebrating his 1Oath birthday, Gans do­ nated his collection and related library to the University of California at Berkeley. Ponterio & Associates, Inc. Gans is survived by two daughters, 1818 Robinson Ave. Dr. l ydia Gans of Oakland, California, and lucy Kaplan of Berkeley, as well as '="~<. "' "' San Diego, CA 92103 several grandchildren. "" "'\ ~~,:~;~ 1·800·854·2888 or 619·299·0400 s;:-; '" Licensed Auction CompGny#968 ?N.C.'JOB Richard H. Ponterio· President L.M.1t2163 I %e Ce[atorl

22 The Cefa tor People in the News

Metcalf receives ANS Huntington Award for 1991

D.M. Metcalf, Keeperoflhe Heberden free of charge on Saturday, March 16, at Isles Ashmolean Museum. Part 2: En­ Coin Room al tha Ashmolean Museum, the Society's building at Broadway and glish Coins 1066-1279 (1969) and Part University of Oxford, has been named 155th Street in NewYor1<. City. Dr. Metcalf 3: Coins of Henry VII (1976); Coinage in the recipient of the Archer M. Huntington delivered an illustrated lecture, ~ The Use Medieval Scotland (1100-1600) (1977) Medal Award lor 1991. The medal has of Distribution Patterns in Medieval Nu­ and Coinage in South-Eastern Europe been awarded by the American Numis­ mismatics ~ . A reception and subscription 820-1396 (1979)_ matic Society annually since 1918 in ree­ dinner followed the lecture. Dr. Metcalf also edited, with E.T. Hall, og nition of distinguished career contribu­ Dr. Metcalf (no relation to William E. the basic study Methods of Chemical and tion to the field of numismatics. Metcalf, Chief Curator of the ANS), who Metallurgical Analysis of Ancient Coin· This year th e Huntington Medal was joined the Heberden Coin Room in 1963 age (1970), which has been succeeded presented at a meeting open to the public and became its Keeper in 1982, is best by the irregular series Metallurgy in Nu­ known for his wor1<. in Western Medieval mismatics. Metcatfwasalso Editorofthe numismatics, but his bibliography of well Worldwide Treasure Numismatic Chronicle, the journal of the over 100 items includes contributions in Royal Numismatic Society, and of its Byzantine, Anglo-Saxon and English, Bureau acquires special publications from 1974 to 1984. Crusader and Balkan studies as well. He was awarded the Gold Medal of the Imperial Coins and His best known publications include Royal Numismatic Society in 1987. The Coinage of South Germany in the Antiquities Thirteenth Century (1961 ); Coinage in For further information , contact Worldwide Treasure Bureau has an­ the Balkans 820- 1355 (1966); The Ori­ Roxanne Greenstein at the ANS. Broad­ nounced its acquisition of 100% owner­ gins of the Anastasian Currency Reform way at 155th Street. New York, NY 10032 ship in Imperial Coins and Antiquities of (1969); Sylloge of Coins of the British or (212) 234-3130. Visalia, California. Worldwide sells a wide variety 01 collectibles, including ancient coins and antiquities, through nationwide catalog mailings and space advertising. Imperial Coins and Antiqui­ Jrofilez hi ties sells ancient coins and antiquities at coin shows and through its own catalog. ~umizmctfitz David Michaels, the founder of Impe­ rial Coins and Antiquities, will remain as Francesco Petrarca manager of the business, and its cus­ 1304- 1374 tomers will continue 10 receive the same Known to English speaking numismatists high level of personalized service which and Renaissance scholars simply as Pctrarch, has been the source of Imperial's rapid hewasbom in Arezzo, ltalyonJuly20, 1304. growth as dealers in ancient coins and Petrarch is regarded as the fatherofHumanism antiquities. Michaels stated that he was lind was a lead ing student lind proponent of very pleased with the purchase of Imperial classical ideals. I t is to him that inauguration of the Renaissance is attributed. "Iis by Worldwide. As part 01 the purchase g reat e.~ t work, Lives of lIfusfriOIlS Men, is a history of Rome consisting of 3 1 agreement, Worldwide will provide re­ biograph ies from Romulus to Caesar. Famous as a poet and L atinist, he was also sources which will permit Imperial 10 have a well-known collector o f ancient coins, and shilred them w ith h is friends. In his an expanded show schedule, a signifi­ Episrolae de rebus familiaribus. Pclrarch desc ribes the ancient coins which he cantly wider seleclion of ancient coins bought in Rome during his slilY there, and relates his joy in collecting them. In 1354 and antiquilies for its customers to choose he presented "some very beautiful gold and silver medalsofthe Caesars" to Charles from, and larger and more frequent IV, "King of the Romans", undoubtedly as a sort of history lesson. This kind of catalogs and price lists. surrogate connoisseu rship became a standard among princes and nobility, eventually Sam Cox, President of Worldwide spreading into the ranks of wealthy merchants and clerics who themselves became Treasure Bureau, commented that ~ w ith connoisseurs and colleclOrs. With the spread of Humanism and the Renaissance, Michaels' knowledgeable, personalized collecting coins of antiquity became not only fashionable but the mark of en­ service and Worldwide's resources, I lightenment. Petrarch died in 1374, Ieav inga legacy of scholarship that guided and expect Imperial Coins and Antiquities to shaped the post-Rena issance vi ew of antiquity. become a major player in the ancient coin marketplace over the next few years." This feature is provided courtesy of For further information contact Samuel E. Cox, President, Worldwide Treasure The C.B. Byers Corporation, Newport Beach, CA Bureau at (800) 437-0222. April 1991 23 Art and the Market

Gaining momentum Non-investor coins are top performers at CICF by Way ne G. Sayles conjunction with the event. The windy city played host to the While activity on the fraternity of World Coin dealers and col­ floor was steady, it ap­ lectors as the Chicago International Coin peared, from dealer com­ Faircelebrated its 16th annualgalhering ments, that most of the on March 8,1 O. The Friday through Sun­ buying and selling was re­ day show drew a healthy turnout, both in stricted to coins of a price terms of sellers and buyers, as the CleF level that is more reflective of collecting Ponterio and Associates, of San Di­ continues to gain momentum as a major than investing. The most saleable coins, ego, held a multi-session auclion in con­ venue. The show, held al the Hyatt for example, appeared to be in the hun­ junction with the show. Included were Regency Hotel, is operated by Heartland dreds of dollars range rather than in the more than 400 lots of better quality an­ International Trade Shows, Inc. and thousands of dollars. cient coins, featuring coins from the col­ managed by Kevin Foley, a veleran in the Overall, dealers specializing in this lection of Joe Houde. Although several business. With about 120dealers partici­ category of coinage reported strong sales lots drew spiriled bidding from the floor, pating, visitors were trealed to a wide and a noticeable enthusiasm on the floor. the overall tone was definitely not one 01 variety of malerial in all price ranges. Following a year of uncertainty, this was ~auction fever· as bargains were clearly Nearly 35 dealers specializing in ancient welcome news for some of the smaller to be found by the astute buyer. coins were in attendance, and an impor­ dealerships who are often the fi rst to A superb and rare aureus of Lucius tant auction of ancient coins was held in suffer in a downturn. Verus with the emperor crowning the king of Armenia (ex Brand collection) brought $1 t ,000 while another extremely rare aureus of Septimius Severus brought $14,500 in EF. After heavy floor bidding, an As of Augustus (RIC 81) was ham­ mered down at $900 against an estimate Meet Your Match of $500-700. Among the bargains, a tetradrachm of Kos with the head of • Herakles on the obverse and a crab on the reve rs e broughl only $300 in VF con­ dition. ATHlENET CICF is scheduled to be held next Database at Dealers in Ancie nt Coins a nd Antiqui ties year at the same location March 20-22. For show information contact Kevin Foley There

AtI,cNel is a computer databa se scrvice offerin g Pegasi auction informative profil L'S of owr 200 dealers in ilncicnt tnll11i sn1Italy, Sicily, Africa, Syria, Asia Minor and the East are \'{' rite us for our free hrocl,u re. represented, followed by selections from the Roman Republic, Roman Imperatorial coins, and coins of the Roman Empire. A small selection of medieval coins is in­ ATHJE NET cluded, as well as a number of group lots P.O. Box 1135 of Greek and Roman silver and bronze . C],arloltesville, VA 22902 Forfurther information write 10 Pegasi Coins, P.O. Box 4207, Ann Arbor, MI 48106 or call (313) 434-3856.

24 The Celator Mai{JBid .9Luction Catalog No. 60 April 19, 1991

.. Featuring: : .'" _I-...... 1 Greek Gold and Electrum; Important ~.1i Archaic, Classical and Hellenistic Greek Silver and Bronze; Roman Aurei and Solidi, Roman Republic, Roman Imperial Silver (including all Twelve Caesars), Important Roman Bronzes, Byzantine and Medieval.

Visa & MasterCard Catalog $10.00 Phone: (313) 434-3856

April 1991 25 Antiquities Ancient underwater treasure awaits rediscovery

by David Liebert According to the various second hand were less than ideal conditions, they were Sometimes archaeological treasures accounts, which one can find in the lit­ able to recover the rest of the statue from have been found and lost more than once. erature of underwater archaeology, which the ann came, as well as a superb For example, we know that some of the (Underwater Archaeology by P.E. Hellenistic bronze statue of a jockey and Roman emperors were avid collectors of Cleator fo r example) the offending ann parts of his horse from the deep mud in earlier art. W hat happened to their col­ was wrenched free and brought to the which the ship was imbedded. The ann lections? This month I want to focus on surface by the fishennen. Hoping their and hand were restored, revealing the the sad case of a major archaeological fin d might prove to be of some monetary magnificent statue of Zeus (or Poseidon) find which curiously was almost imme­ value, they took it to the Gennan Ar­ which now graces the Athens National diately lost again. chaeological lnstitute in Athens, one of Archaeological Museum. The story begins in the year 1927, at the leading institutions of the ti me. It sea somewhere off Cape Artemision, on was shown to Professor George Karo, Before fmlher finds could be made, the Greek island of Euboea, north of who recognized it as a rare Greek bronze however, tragedy struck. One of the Athens. Fishermen were hauling in their original from a Greek statue. He imme­ sponge divers, ignoring all the rules of nets when one of them snared on the diately entered into negotiations with the diving for some unknown reason, re­ bottom, not an uncommon occurrence, fishennen to leam the site of the wreck turned suddenly to the surface in a state as any fishemHlIl can allest. This time, from which it obviously came. of great jubilation. Before he could ex­ however, when a sponge diver was sent With the financial backing of the plain its cause, however, he dropped down to investigate the problem, he was wealthy Greek cott on magnate, from a massive embolism (The well amazed to discover that the net had snared Alexander Benaki, an expedition was known divers disease commonly known on what appeared to be an ann sticking soon organized to recover the rest of the as the bends, caused by a lack of proper out of the seabed at a depth of about 140 remains from the sea. We should bear in decompression). The expedition was feet (Exact details are scarce since there mind that underwater archaeology as a immediately abandoned and apparently appears to be no authoritative contempo­ scientific endeavor is a re latively new the exact site of the wreck was subse­ rary account of the fllld, although we phenomenon of the lasl 40 years. In 1927 quently lost, because two years later a would speculate that a thorough search it was stillmore or less a treasure hunt, ;;econd expedition led by Dr. George of local records m ight indeed produce organized with the help of local sponge Milonas was unable to find it, despite the one). divers. Although working under what usc of professional divers equipped with hard helmets. It is highly unlikely that the wreck contained only the two fragmentary stat­ The ues. The fact that they dated to two Time Machine Company different periods of Greek history leads to the inescapable conclusion that the is always eager /0 aid beginning collectors with modera/ely priced coins and wreck was probably of later date, possi­ antiquities. Call David Liebert direct to discuss your interests and needs. bly Roman or even Byzantine. Unfortu­ Olltcly, the associated objects, such as This month we are featuring ship's fittings, pottery, etc. which would a nice group 01 Calabrian teil the story, as well as the rest of the silver fractions. mostly from ship's cargo, still lie buried in the shifting Taras dating to the 4th mud of the sea off Euboea. It is interest­ century B.C. All have a ing to speculate what that cargo might helmeted head of Athena on be. Could the ship have carried more of the obverse and Hercules the extremely valuable bronze statuary? fighting a lion on the reverse. Condition varies but most are One can only assume that it did. at least fine on one side and What other archaeological treasure some are VF or better. They might have been aboard? We will never will be sold on a first come know, unless a new expedition armed first served basis as long as with modem detection and underwater our small supply lasts excavating equipment is undertaken. for only $15 each. Naturally, such an expedition would cost a great deal of money, and would need We have many more interesting antiquities and ancient coins in stock. the penniss ion of the G reek government. If you are not on our mailing list, you are missing some of the best buys in Nor would it necessarily be financially ancient art. Send for your free catalog today. For more information contact: lucrative to private salvers, despite the enormous value of the potential finds, The Time Machine Co. since any discoveries would be the prop­ erty of the Greek government. It is, P.O. Box 282, Flushing Station, however, a great opportunity for the Queens, NY 11367 National Geographic Society or some (718) 544·2708 other philanthropic organization to con­ template. 26 The Celator Book News

The Coins of the Twelve Caesars, Twelve Caesars will get their money's meaning. They do little to inform or by David Van Meter, (Laurian Numis­ worth in this regard, but a word of caution educate th e coin collector, indeed, they matics. 427-3 Amherst St., Suite 259, needs to be added. obscure the point the author is trying to Nashua, NH 03063), , 76pp., 20 pl., card Van Meter prefaces his work about make. cover, $19.95 + shipping. this "odd lot of rulers" with an art historical On the up side, Van Meter provides a treatise that misses the boat on several coherent chronology of th e Imperatorial At $19.95, any publication dealing accounts. Forexample, Van Meter char· and Imperial peri ods from Julius Caesar solely with ancient coins must be a bar­ acterizes the Republican efa as being through Domiti an. He adeptl y links the gain. A bargain, that is, if the reader "marked by stereo·typed and highly con­ period's history to the coins, or coins to becomes more informed and is encour­ servative obverse and reverse designs the history, which is a great help for the aged to pursue further study. New collec­ ... most likely state-sponsored patriotic collector who is ready to focus on this tors who invest this sum in David Van emblems". This, of course, is an over particular seri es. The author addresses Meter's 1990 release The Coins of the simplification of Republican coinage, Roman monetary philosophy and politi ­ much of which is incredibly narrative and cal themes, also drawing in the periph­ much less conservative in design than its eral aspects of each emperor's coinage McKenna to auction Imperial successors. Several other ref­ such as family member issues, monetary erences 10 Ihe art of the period are equally reforms, and contemporary references. scarce numismatic confused. Theplates (illustrating 217 coins) although Van Meter uses the terms Neo­ inconsistent in quality, aregenerallygood li terature April 30th Atticism, Neo·Classicism, and Neo·Hel· to excellent. An important auction of books on an­ lenism throughout, almost as "buzz~ Overall, The Coins of the Twelve cient coins will be conducted by Ancient words, without going into a complete dis· Caesarsis a good general introduction to Greekand Roman Coins, company owner cussion of their meanings. One gets the this popular series of Roman coinage. It Thomas P. McKenna announced recenlly. sense of what he is saying, without really is useful, readable, well organized, and This will be a mail-bid only auction of understanding the basis for the compari· affordable. A good choice for the begin· nearly 150 lolsol books on ancient Greek, sons he makes. These are terms which ner. Roman, and Byzantine coins, which would raise a lively discussion, even closes on Tuesday, April 30th. among art histori ans, as to th eir precise Wayne G. Sayles Highlights of the sale include a com­ plete original edition set of Catalogue of Coins of the Roman Empire in the British Museum, Volumes I through VI and a AN IMPORTANT AUCTION complete set of Roman Imperial Coin· age. Both of these sets contain the OF BOOKS ON ANCIENT COINS extremely scarce fifth volume. For bolh Contains almost 150 lots including complete sets of sets, if the bids on individual volumes BMC Empire, BMC Republic, RIC, Crawford, exceed the lotal bid on the sellisled as a separate lot, then they will be sold by the The Roman Republican Coinage, the individual volume. This will make it pos· Geissen & Weiser set on coins of Roman Egypt, sible for individuals to purchase only the Numismatic Chronicles, & odd volumes of various SNGs. volumes desired to complete a set. Auction lots of interest to collectors of Calf or write to request your free copy a/this catalog. Roman Republican coins include a clean used set of Crawford's The Roman Re­ NEW BOOKS publican Coinage, an original edition of FOSS, Roman Historical Coins, $59 Sydenham's The Coinage of the Roman HILL, M onuments of A ncient Rome as Coin Typ es, $45 Republic, and the three volume set JENKIN S, Ancient G reek Coins, N ew edition, $70 Catalogue of Coins of the Roman Repub· lie in the British Museum. Also offered is WRITE FOR FREE, a complete set of Geissen and Weiser's • Fixed price catalog of quality coins. "Catalog of the Cologne University Col­ • Auction of medium-priced coins. lection of Roman Imperial Coins from • Catalogs of books about ancient coins. Alexandria". Otherlots include out of print volumes Please add $4 for postage olthe British Royal Numismatic Society's U.S.P.S. Speci al Handling $2 additional Numismatic Chronicle and odd volumes of the Sylloge Nummorum Graecorum sets of Copenhagen, Germany, Munich, • Tubingen, Aarhus and von Aulock. THOMAS P. MCKENNA Copies of the auction catalogue may P.o. Box 1356-F - Fort Collins, CO 80522 be requested bywriting to P.O. Box 1356, FortCollins, CO 80522 or by calling (303) 303-226-5704 226·5704. April 1991 27 Commodus used PAX as propaganda to instill the confidence of Roman citizens in their emperor

by Armonde Casagrande to subdue and then allow large groups L. Aelius Aurelius Commodus as­ of Germanic barbarians to settle into cended to the purple upon the death of the empire. He believed that these his father Marcus Aurelius on March Romanized barbarians, now tied to 17th, A.D. 180. His first impon;lnt the lands Ihey cultivated, would sup­ political decision, and the propaganda ply Rome with much needed grain to device he chose to portray that deci­ feed the empire. They would also sion, set the stage for what would supply mueh needed reserves for the become a reign of deception and illu­ Romanarmy. Secondly, his plan called sion, one that would herald in the for the formation of two new prov­ beginning of the end of the Roman Inces: Sannatia, located along the Empire. Danube River, and Marcomannia, Upon the death of Marcus which would consist of Boiahaemum Aurelius, Commodus found himself and parts of Slovakia and Moravia. in a very embarrassing situation. Early denarius of Commodus wirh PAX reverse This plan would have based much of Along with ascending to the office of Ihe northern frontier's borders along a emperor, he found himself inheriting line of mountains instead of rivers, command of a great Roman army and the along the upper and middle Danube Ihus providing a more formidable de­ prospects of 11 very difficult war on the fron t ier were the Quadi and the fense against attack than relying on riv­ northern frontier. To Commodus, Marcomanni. Along the lower Danube ers, which were easily forded. schooled more in the arts of debauchery the Costobaci had penetrated deeply into During the summer of A.D. 180, than war, the prospects of a prolonged Greece. The entire German frontier was Commodus became convinced, by his campaign on the Rhine could not have ablaze and only a young inexperienced entoura ge of self seeking advisors and been pleasant. And, although his falher's n inclccn ycar old cm peror was left 10 put fricnds, to abandon his father's expan­ last campaign had shown ~ome promise iloul. sionist plans for the empire, much 10 the of ~uccess, his death had now left the While al ive, Aurelius' solution to the chagrin of his father's longtime counsel­ outcome uncertain. Facing Commodus Gennanquestion had been twofold. First, lors. They convinced the young emperor

BOOKS!! ANCIENT BOOKS!! MEDIEVAL BOOKS!! BOOKS!! GOING TO PRESS!! INVENTORY REDUCTION SPECIALS!! "ONE ONLY" DEPARTMENT Albert Frey's Daf~ Coins of Europe Prior to 1501. Hill. G.F .. Imperial Persian Coinage $7.00 (FitSI dlllC~ gelS !he book - No disaoun!s apply) Ca,son. R. • Roman Coin Essays Updaledby David Cervin, ourlirsl reprinl ran out. new M"ni"9~. H., A Guide 10 RttpuMcan (deo'icate-ci to SUlher1and) additional photoplales being added as well as now "".00 & Imp""'" Roman Coins $20.00 Lau'e""'. RH .. Medals oICa";"". The Paduan " .00 supplements. This major ,efe,ence expected June Wa""n. J .• GrlMk FfHhrttlCoinage "5.00 SydenMm. E. . Thtt Coinagtt 01 Nere $25.00 Babylon. E .• Ori9i""',,. /or Mon"";" A Alhe"" $20.00 199t Ha,dcovo, $30.00 Baldwin. A .• Facing Heads (Jt! G(eeK Coin. ".00 Wi~iam • . R.. SilwJr Coim 01 PhokiaM $30.00 Belling" '. A. . ThinageoiKamariM $60..00 ROMrt GobI·s Sasanfsn Numl5mattcs. Reprint of Gard"",. 1" .• GreeI< Coins in BMC. Syria $30.00 Head. B.V .• Coins 01 AnciIJnl8o<>'ia $20.00 S""'.n. M .• llndian) TriJalCoiM $25.00 classic study on the Sasanian coins. in English, 100 of Hill . G.F .. Dttscnp~vtt C ~ I. 01 Ar><:",nl Suthe~and. C .. CislOpI>ori AugusliJS ~ .oo pp. plus 16 full page plates, an important reference!! Gr""/< COiM (ThttJom Ward Col.) $25.00 May. J .. Coinage 0/ Abder. SIO.oo Expected July 199t. Soflcovo, $25.00 New"ll. E.T .. Standard PloJ<:iMll $pdin $10.00 CunningMm. A. , CoiM 01 Alex.ndttr'. Take 20% off ~. prep $25.00 Iogues on nl/mismatics, triba l art. """ienl ."ila",•. manl/­ Co,nil9 ~: Julio·Claueian SlueiM $35.00 Reinaoh. T.. .Jewish Coins $15.00 o<;,ipIS . Ori ~ n,"1 ca"",,". Judaica. arod a dozen 01he, .... 1>j,.:'". s"lo.ood. D . Coinil9C 01 Parthia $40.00 RomanoH. P .. .I6wish Symbol. on Ancient Coins $12.00 issuood trom 1960·5 . 1980·0. Mool with pOcos ,eahood. A McC~mm~". A Coim 01 Anglo·Norman 1.le. $45.00 &'')1. G .• MOOwva/ Eng/i,hJel(Jt!. $10.00 listing is jusl $1 .00 10, poslagtt. H;rt. C .H.I/ .. TI>e IJndMed Co;M 01 Rome $35.00 Kalz . V. . 1000 y""", 01 Bohemian Coinage ".00 ANS i'lumlsmellc Nol ... Museum NoI ..: An • .,ensive SheW.r<:IJMush.m. Money. &ale. rice is! is availab-lot lor Sn.by·s Roman Silver Coin. (5 Volume Sel) $1&0.00 Reed. 104 .• Odd and Curious $7.00 $1.00 postage. Brown. 1.0 .. s;bfiographyolcoin Hoard. 01 MacDonald. G .. SilwJr C<>inage olCrol" ",00 Brililin and Ir"'and (15fJ().!967) $25.00 Fellows. C .. CoiM 01 Ar><:ienl Lycia $10.00 Books·ln·P,lnt, """ient • Medieval Numismatics: Ove, ~OO BYtche'. Pl. •• !nrroduclion 10 Greek Imperial. $30.00 COle ICI.LJdiusj Coil .. Mon",,",s Ta re n/tt $12.00 loles we " ock. $1.00 fo< postage. Foss. C .. Roman Histoncal Coin, $58.00 Coins (Med;"val) 01 Arcl>bisOOp 01 Canrerbury $16.00 H,II. G .• Coim 01 Sep(imiv. s;'ve'IJ' $10.00 Newell. E.T .. Some CypdoleA1exanders ".00 Eurcp

28 The Celalor Ihat the hardships and dangers of such a countless viclories and triumphs. She people. Gods of virtue, courage and campaign would be too taxing on the was believed 10 be a reward to the Roman patriotism would mask his true inability resources of the e mpire. To theircredil, people forvictory, a gift from the gods of 10 reign, as he would bring to an end this may have been an accurate judge­ Olympus. She commanded the greatest eighty-two years of good Roman ru le. ment. His father's campaigns, both in respect and because of this was afforded Thus the stage was set for the beginning the north and east, had pUi a severe drain the most beautiful temple in Rome. For of Ihe end of the Roman Empire. on the financial reserves of Rome, lead­ although wars were the instrument by ing toa further debasement ofthedenarii. which the Roman Empire reached its Bibliography: Whether it was financial constraints, greatest extent, il was peace by which Gibbon, Edward, The Decline and Fall ofthe inexperience, or hesitancy to carry out she celebra ted her greatness. Roman Empire, New York, Dell Publish­ his falher's Ilicliclil plans we will never On the denarius pictured, dated ing Company, 1963. know, but we do know thllt Commodus 12/10/180-12/09/181 (C806, BMC 63), Grant, Michael, H is/ory ofRom e, New York, granted concessions to the barbarians we see PAX standing over the empire Charles Scribner's Sons, 1978. and an "honorable peace" wh ich allowed holdi ng an oli ve branch and comucopi ae. Grant, Mic hael. The Roman Emperors, New them to seule in Romlln occupied Ilind. In th is context PAX conveys the idea of York, Charles Scribner's Sons, 1985. Then, with the question of the Gennanic Commodus not making peace with the Gnccehi , F.,and Elmer,G., TheCoin Typesof tribes put to rest, Commodus was set to Gennanic barbarians bul, on the con­ ImlJCrial Rome, Chicago, Ares Publishers enter Rome in the autumn of A.D. 18010 trary, granting it to them on Rome's Inc., 1978. celebrate his triumph. (Commodus') terms. The implication Seaby, H.A. , RomanSilverCoins, Volume II, London, B.A. Seaby Ltd., 1954. Upon his return to Rome, Commodus' implied here was by no means acciden­ Sear, David, Roman Coins, London, Seaby first order of business was to dispel any tat, but intentional. It was meant to por­ Publications Ltd., 1981. fears generated among the populous over tray loeach citizen an aura of confidence his proclaimation of peace along the in the abilities and judgements of their northern borders. His seleclion of the new emperor, not to mention juslifying personificalion of PAX on the reverse of his tilles of Imperator, Gemlanicus and many of his first denarii as emperor was Sarmaticus. Unfortunately forCommo­ rrhe Cdator a logical and cunning first step towards dus Ihis image as Spain and Gaul. window to the coins of the emperors. Held in the high­ PAX would soon be replaced on the est regard by the Romans, the daughter reverses of his denarii with more powe r­ numismatic world! of Jupiter and Themis had celebrated ful and polent messengers to the Ro man

IMPORTANTNEWREFERENCE BOOK!! "Identifying Coins, Medals and Tokens: Late Antiquity to Modern Times" By Dr. Gregory Brunk

··Identifying Coins, Medals and Tokens: Lolte Antiquity to Modem Ti mes" is a comprehensive bibliography of sources published in journals and anthologies over Ihe past two centuries. Arranged geographically, by dynasties, and by special topics, approximatel y ha lf of the 5,(0)+ source articles cited in this work have never before appeared in a numismatic bibliography, and are NOT listed even in the ANS Numisma tj c I jteralure bibliogrdphies. This important new work thus makes reams of previously "losl" numismatic literalure and infonnalion available 10 the modem researcher, ealaloger and collector. Uneert;tinty aboul whal has been published is a serious problem when cataloging malerial and attempting to eSlabli sh ils rarily and significance. While it is relmivcly easy to deleonine if a book has been published on any given numismatic topic. finding infonna1ion contained in journal articles and anlliologies has largely been a mat1crof luck und labor. Even lil e beSI known periodicals are under·u1ilized due 10 Ihe lremendous problem of discovering "wha1 is out there.'· Dr. Brunk has largely answered this problem Wilh his work. which incl ude., cxtensive listings of articles aOOm the issuers of coins, medals and tokens from late anliquity on. The classical numismalist will particularly appreciate lhe wealth of in fonnalion regarding the Byzanline Empire and the successor kingdoms to the Roman Empire, as well as comprehen­ sive coverage of the many medieval issuers. Similarly. Dr. Brunk has OTHER BOOKS FROM LAURION provided many eitalions to previously forgollen works covering Islamic Please add $3.C¥J sbJPping /0 eac1J oIder. and Indian numismatic topics. -ne Coins oflbe TweJvc Caesars- Comprehensive, well·organized in an over·sized fonnal , fully·indexed 200 pages, with 20 plates ...... $19.95 and easy 10 usc. Serious numismatists. scholars and professionals will find "Idenlifying Coins. Medals and Tokens: laic Anliquity 10 Modem ·CoHeelinK Roman Coins'" Times" to be an indispensable ad di tion to lheir reference libraries. Copies 80 pages, with 4 plates ...... $1.f.95 are available for $35 post·p:l id in lhe U.S.A. (add $5 for overseas air­ ·CoI/celiar Greck Coias'" mail). 166 pages, with 18 plates ...... $17.95 LAUlllflN NUMISMA TI£S -CIassiC3/ Numismatics t#; Common Scnse· 427-3 Amherst Sueet, Suite 259 84 pages ...... $15.95 Nashua, NH 03063

April 1991 29 Sotheby's to hold Hunt coin viewing Coming Events •••• in San Francisco Apr. 4 Sotheby's Auction at NAB show 34-35 New Bond 51. , London There will be a Numismatic & Anti­ Apr. 15 - 17 Dieter Gorny Auction quarian Bourse held in San Francisco on Hotel Continental, Munich April 26th & 27th at the Holiday Inn - Golden Gateway (on Van Ness). The Apr. 26 - 27 Numismatic & Antiquarian Bourse event will be held in the California Suite, Holiday Inn-Golden Gateway, San Francisco with show hours of 10 -7 on Friday and 10 - 6 on Saturday. This show will be open to May 1 - 4 Greate r New YorkiAINA the public, with reduced rate hotel park­ Omni Park Central, NYC ing available. NAB is limited to foreign and ancient coins and classical antiqui­ May 4 - 5 Rare Coin Expo ties. The show will be attended by many Signa! Hills Mall, West St. Paul, MN of the major dealers in classical and for­ eign coins. who will be selling as well as May 10 - 12 Central States Convention looking to buy this materi al. Cervantes Convention Center, Sf. Louis Sotheby's will be showing the last of May16 - 16 the Greek and Roman coins from the Di eter Gorny Auction Nelson Bunker Hunt Collection, which Hotel Continental, Munich will be sold at auction in New York City in May 27 Ponterio Auction late June. This will bethe only showing of any of the coins from the Hunt brothers Long Beach Cony. Center, Long Beach, CA collections in the Western part of th e May 26 Malter Auction United Slates. This last portion of the collection has over 1,000 lots of Greek Sheraton La-Reina, Los Angeles and Roman coins, of which over 300 are Roman gold aurei. Many of Ihe coins are of historical significance and also of high grade, and it is anticipated that this last portion of the collection will be fou nd to be ~~~ SO - ~ed()U«!! ! much more affordable to the normal an­ Terraeotta Holyland Pottery - different styles cient coin collector than previous sales Middle Bronze Age (1500 B. C.) - Roman Period (A. D. 400) have been. As an added featUre. David Sear, (individual items would retail from $39 to $150) noted author of many standard reference books on ancient coins, will formally present his Ancient Coin Certification Serv ice (A.C.C.S.). He has formulated a selVice for certifying. grading and exten­ sively describing coins which is simple, inexpensive, and unique. This involves an 8 x 10 photo/descriptive laminated certificate, and should prove very popu­ lar with collectors who wish to have both an illustrated file of their coins and a guar­ antee of authenticity from a third party not involved in selling them their coins. In addition. thefirmofJoel l. Mallerof Encino, Californi a will be showing im­ portant classical coins and related an­ tiquities fortheir public auction to be held May 28th at the Sheraton - La Reina Hotel, new the Los Angeles Int'l Airport. PHOENICIA Dr. Arnold R. Saslow, show organizer ~ ~ A,,y,0",,.r ~j}jv' ''''' ~ and owner of NAB, stated that -Due to a convocation of these featured events in ~mm>?~,,*~ addition to the usual strong showing of ancient and foreign coins at NAB, I an­ P.O. Box 692, Gracie Station, Ny, NY 10028 - (212) 722-4603 ticipate the April 26th-27th event to have a huge draw.- 30 The Celator HADRIAN 18 inches high (life-size) mounted on teak

LATE CLASSICAL CORINTHIAN HELMET 12 inches high Although nO! an exact copy, the helme1 is modeled aflcr 1he famous "Mi lti ades" helmet in Ihe Olympia Museum. 11 is independent of the base and is wearable. HADRIAN BRONZE SCULPTURE Inspired by the Classical World

These sculptures are cast in bronze * portraits. such as the above Hadrian, of any historical fig ure using the traditional lost wax method. THE KRITIOS I am making them available here for * bronze cast copies of Greek or BOY Roman sculpture, including re lief 33 inches high, the Ihe first lime and will be happy to sculpture such as metopes or grave same as the marble send color photographs and prices stele original in (he Acropol is Museum. upon request. I am also interested in * portraits of contemporaries commissions in Ihe following areas: Dave Blodgett 805 East Ewing Ave. Sout h Bend, IN 46613 (219) 288-70 17

Apri/ 1991 31 Coins of the Bible Judaea falls under Roman rule with Herod as king (Note: As far back as when I was 5 or6 John was the weaker of the two, and In ancient times the menorah, as a years old, many evenings my dad would hence less likely to cause trouble, ruled Holy Temple utensil, was one of the sit with a cigar box in his lap and a couple that John Hyrcanu s 11 was the rightful most sacred symbols of Judaism, and as of books balanced on his knees, writing king. Aristobulus fled, but was captured such was strictly forbidden to be shown neat descriptions ofcoins on paper enve· and sent to Rome. He escaped and tried on Jewish coins, for the same reason that /opesorindexcards. In 1967, because of unsuccessfully to regain control of effigies were forbidden. Thus the pres­ my dad, I became interested in one of his Judaea. During this period the Temple ence of the Temple candelabra on these fa vorite areas of collecting - coins 01 was plundered by the Romans under coins could be considered as sacrile­ Biblical days. Mydadmaintainedanavid Gabinius, governor of Syria. gious. No doubt it was a last resort effort interest in ancient coins and antiquity John Hyrcanus II was reappointed to arouse patriotic feelings among the from the early 1950's filerallyun!il thadar High Priest by Julius Caesar. Caesar, Jews. he died- on February 16, 1991. This however, also appointed Antipater as month's column is a reprint of part of an essay he wrote in the early 1960's, later procurator of Judaea and it was he who published in The Shekel. Over the years held the real power. Antipater's son, I have had many cards and letters from Herod I, known as Herod the Great (be­ readers who told me that my dad's ar­ cause of his great building program). ticles first caught their interest in ancient was later to become king of Judaea. coins. He was a great teacher. - David In 40 B.C.E.. Antigonus Mallalhias. Hendin) son of Aristobulus, bribed the Parthian king Orocles 1 10 invade Jerusalem and AE 8 prutot of Herod I by Aa ron Hendin, M.D. help him regain the crown. The invasion In 63 S.C.E. two brothers, John was successful , and Anti gonu s pa id the In 37 B.C.E. Herod I, with the aid of Hyrcal1 us 11 and A ristobulus, were fi ght­ large bribe which incl uded,amongother the Romans under General Sosius, re­ ing over who was the ri ghtful king of items. 500 Jewish women. A coin of this took Jerusalcm. Herod became ki ng of Judaea . Atthis time Pompey arri ved at period shows a seven-branched menorah all Judaea and the Herodian Dynasty, Jeru salem and thc two brothcrs laid their which later became the most characteri s­ under the Romans. began. It must be claim before him . Pompey, feeling that tic symbol of Judaism. noted that Herod's family was originally from Idumaea and had been forced to converttoJudaism. Herod is saidtohave professed Judaism in order to have more The name you know loyalty from his subjects. Hcrod had at least ten wives, one of whom was Marianne. granddaughter of John DAVID R. SEAR Hyrcanus If. Herod's reign was begun in the usual is pleased to Ol1l lO lll1Ce his new "civi li zed" manner. All but two mem­ bers of the Sanhedrin were murdered. Ancient Coin Certification Service Herod later murdered Marianne, two of her sons, and her grandfather, John . (A.C.C.S.) Hyrcanus II, for fear that the people would tum to the Maccabees for leader­ Each coin subm iued will be graded and fu lly researched shi p once again. Now the Maccabean and descri bed, including a note on its hi storical Dynasty was ended forever. background. The information will be presented on an In 31 B.C.E. Herod's kingship was confirmed by the Roman emperor Au­ :lllractive laminated certificate, complete with photograph. gustu s. Wh ile Herod introduced many heathen (Roman) customs into Jerusa­ lem, he did rebuild much of the holy city, Fee: $25.00 per coin (any metal) including the Temple. Herod was both hated and feared by the Jews. And rightly so, for prior to his death he ordered that. Please suhmit by registered or certifietJ mail, and mid .nifJicient upon his death. the leading Jews of to your remillaf/ Ce to cO l'er cost of return postage. Jcrusalem were to be murdered. This Checks and M.O. 's payable 10 "Dallid R. Sear" was to make certain that there wou ld be Further information lIml specimen certificate sent on requl!.ft. no dearth of mourners at his funeral. It must be noted too, that Herod confomled P.O. Box 5004, Chatsworth, CA 91313 to Ihc Jewi sh "law" that no human like­ ness mlly be portrayed on coins. He was Phone (818) 993·7363 / Fax (818) 993·6119 also thc first Jewish ruler to use on ly Greek leHers on his coins. Judaea was divided into several 32 The CefaloI' tetrarchies after Herod's death. These five days later he died. were ruled by his various sons and heirs. Upon Agrippa's death the emperor All of them issued coins and it was in one Claudius appointed Cuspius Fadus as of these tetrarchies that a human face procurator until Agri ppa's son, Agrippa appeared on a Jewish coin for the first II, came of age. In 48 CE., Agrippa II time. was given control overChaJcis. He con­ tinued to rule various areas of Judaea at AE 20mm of Agri pa I the pleasure of the emperors Claudius, Nero and the Flavians until 95 C.E. Great King" on some coins. © 1991 by David Hendin Herod Agrippa ruled all of Judaea for three years before he died by an "act of (Send your questions to David Hendin, God", Just prior to his demise he at­ P.D. Box805, Nyack, NY 10960. When­ tended some public games in Jerusalem ever possible those of general interest Herod Archelaus ruled Judaea, where the people greeted him as a God . will be answered in future issues of The Samaria and Idumaea from 4 B.C.E. t06 Soon after he suffered internal pains, and Celator.) C.E. Hewasextremelycruel. Howcruel can be gathered from the fact that he was banished to Gaul by Augustus, for he was too harsh even forthe Romans. After P rescott, AZ, Coin Show his death in Gaul his domain was confis­ cated and attached to the Roman Empire. June 21-23, 1991 It was now to be ruled by the procurators, or governors. Mail Bid/ Bid Board Auction Herod Antipas ruled in Galilea and Peraea from 4 S.C.E. t040CE., when he Closing 5 p.m. June 22 was exiled to Spain. His lands were 150 lots of Roman, Greek & Egyptian coins given to Agrippa I, one of Herod's grandsons. Watch next month's Celator for additional information Mich ael & Sandra Wo lf - (602) 772-7144 P.o. Bo x 233, Dewey, AZ 86327 ° r------"' ° AEJ7;Smtrj ot Spink A third son, Herod Philip II (4 S.c.E. to 34 C.E.) was ruler over Batanaea, Trachonitis, Auranitis, Gaulanitis and Paneas. He was the first Jewish ruler to The oldest established use the effigy of a Roman emperor on his • coins. This may be partly explained by cOIn the fact that his dominion was inhabited mainly by non-Jews. His lands were in the transferred to Roman Syria when he died. Herod Agrippa I (37 to 44 CE.) was raised in Rome, and during the reign of Tiberius was imprisoned because he openly favored CaliguJa to Tiberius. Coins from ancient to modem bought and sold, After Tiberius' death, Caligula became Free verbaJ valuations' Expen impartial advice given emperor and appointed Herod Agrippa I Coins bought outright, or sold on commission ' Regular auctions held - please send for details' as king of the te trarchy of Philip II. Publishers and stockists of numismatic books ' Through politics and court intrigue, Publishers of The Numismatic Circular since 1892 . Advice and Agrippa was able to acquire the entire purchase at auction saJes on collectors' behalf - all major sales anended. kingdom of his grandfather, Herod L For further information on ancient coins contact John Pell or Laura Sheniian. Following his moving up to king of all Quote The Cclato[ for a free edition of the Numismatic Circutar, our fixed price list of coins Judaea, Agrippa mellowed somewhat. of all ~ rie~ and a forum of numismatic debate. Subscription $45 (10 issues). He became more tolerant and is said to have been an observer of the Jewish laws. His coins struck in the Jewish part of his kingdom did not show any effigies. Snink ~!! ~!- Those from gentile areas did and, in fact. ~ i"k& Son Ud. 5. 6& 7 KingStreet. SII ~ mes·s. London SW1Y 6QS. T.I: 071·930 7888. ~."': 071·839 48 53. Tolt " inb711 . some rare coins struck in Caesarea bear · o ~ ______'O his likeness. He also called himself"The April 1991 33 MAIL BID AUCTION SALE 47 CLOSING DATE APRIL 19, 1991 JUST FOR BEGINNERS by Wayne G. Sayles Featuring: STANDARD WORKS ON Questions Answers ANCIENT NUMISMATICS Including Mazzini's Monets Imperiale Romani· An Exception­ Is patina on a coin a Real patina is certainly a guarantee of ally Fine Complete Set of ARS guarantee of age, which usually equates to authentic- Classica Sales' A Complete Set of authenticity? ltv, but that unfortunately is not the end of Robertson's Roman Imperial Goins the story. Artificial patinas are fairly easy in the Hunter Coin Cabinet- Classic to apply with modern methods and some Auction Sales Including the Rare and Important 1896 Montagu Co/­ are so good that they rival the very best of lection of Aoman Gold Coins' Nu­ authentic patinas. The artificial patinas mismatic Chronicle, 1914-1940 are often applied to authentic coins which Complete' Standard Works by have been cleaned and need to be' Strack. Aegling , Kraay & Hirmer, "reloned". In some cases, the process Giesecke. May, Cohen, Dessewffy, has been used on entire hoards. I have Etc_ seen artificial patinas so beautiful thai it is Calalogue (o ver 1400 /o lS of bool<.s on a hard to believe they are not original. wide variety of numismatic topics) $5.00 Obviously, the process could also be GEORGE FREDERICK KOLBE used on fakes if one chose to do so. Fine Numismatic Books Whether a patina is original or not has no bearing on the authenticity of a coin, but it Post Office Drawer 31 00 may affect your sensibilities if you are a Crestline, CA 92325 USA purist. In many cases the coin benefits Tel: (714) 338-6527 greatly from the new facelift. Fax: (714) 338-6980

.'MALT~R GALLERIES, INC. PROU~LY ANNOUNCES . Auction XLV - May 28th 1991 m Los Angeles , e Featuring ancient coins and classical antiquities, Pre-Columbian Art, Odd & Curious money, related books. Illustrated Catalogs, $10 U.S., $15 all others Coin auction lots may be viewed at the San Francisco NAB April 26th and 27th

Our "New" Collectors' Journal of Ancient Art Featuring quality ancient coins, antiquities, Greek pottery, Pre­ Columbian gold, Egyptian bronzes, beads, amulets, Ban Chiang pottery, Judaean glass, cylinder and stamps seals, coin scales, related books, articles and more, $6 U.S., $10 all others.

16661 Ventura Blvd., Suite 518 Encino, CA U.S.A. 91436 Phone (818) 784-7772 FAX (818) 784-4726

34 The Celator Attention Collectors: Imperial Coins & Antiquities will debut its NE.~ LOOK at the San Francisco Numismatic Antiquarian Bourse, April 26-27 (Friday and Saturday) at the Golden Gateway Holiday Inn- 1500 Van Ness Ave., San Francisco. Show times are lOa. m. to 7 p. m Friday, and 10 a.m. to 6 p.m. Saturday. We will have TWO TABLES at the show to display a vastly expanded inventory of material inall metals, types, grades and price ranges. At OUf tables you will now find choice Greek gold and silver, gold aurei and silver denarii of THE TWELVE CAESARS, including a very rare Julius Caesar portrait aureus (one of onl y 24 known specimens!). We will have everything from bargain boxes brimming with unattributed you-pick-'em coins to scarce and difficult-lo-find single specimens from the Roman Republic through the Byzantine Empire- all at HIGHLY COMPETITIVE PRICES' Bring a copy of this ad (or the whole eelator) to our tables for a $5 DISCOUNT on any coin or antiquity.

To celebrate our NEW WOK, we are making the following SPECIAL GET-ACQUAINTED OFFER to all Celator readers:

One of the most beautiful of all ancient coins . .. L YSIMACHOS OF THRACE 323-28 1 B.C. . sil ver tetradrachm, with a portrait of Alexander the Great wearing the ram's horn symbolic of Zeus Ammon. Very Fine condition in good style.

JUST $475 EACH! Actual size (Limit of 3 to any customer for this special offer). Satisfaction guaranteed. To order using VISA or MasterCard, please give us a call at (209) 732-2026. To order by mail, please send your check or money order (adding $5 for postage and insurance) to: Imperial Coins & Antiquities 3296 S. Mooney Blvd. , Suite 105 Visalia, CA 93277 P .S. If you aren 't already on our mailing list, please call or write now so that you will be sure to receive OUf next Bid-Of-Buy Sale catalog .

April 1991 35 Reference Reviews Books on The Coinage of the Byzantine Empire by Dennis Kroh 110 pages longer than its predecessor. Half (due to the lack of updated information) There are 20 times ml)rt rtfut!TlCt! works and of this space is given to additions to the unless you simply cannot afford this ed ition. other boob on Ancient Coins a."ailable lod4Iy regular coinage between 491 an d 1204, and than just lWt'nty years ago. Vel)' few numis­ the rest divided between the Palco logan Grierson ",mists know how to utiliu {heft re/erencn, or period (1204-1453 , by Simon Bendall) and By1.anlin~ Coins by Philip Griers*****on was e .'tn where 10 starr fooking jor certain items. the excellent photographic record of published in 1982 as part of Th~ Library of Many oj these books art essential jar th e forgeries (by Michael Dcnnis O'Hara) is a Numismalics series. It is everything that the collector to own, others wOrlhy of ont! reading real confidence-build er in a field tha t sti!! Sear book isn't: a very detailed numismatic (and are never again COTlSUlltd), and some are sca res many collectors. It also includes histo ry of the period 498 to 1453 containing obsoleu and ponderous uercius in futility. coinage of the Trcbi7.ond Emp ire (exclu ded 411 pages and 9S platC!l of excellent quality This momhly column uplores most reJuenus in the firsl edition). The valuations (given illustrating 1,527 coins. The readability of on AIII:ienl Coins (by ciry-slau or rime period). in two grades) are more valid than any and will raft! them according to their useful­ this tcxt is unsurpassed compared to any other work of its kind , although they should nt$S, darity, iIIus/ralions, and availabiIiry, other survey, and it contains much of the no l be taken as gospe\. Virtually every ulilizing a jive-slar sySltm similar 10 that used most recent research. Unfortu nately, it is known coin-type and variety is listed, many jar m()Yies, restaurants, and hotels. Prius aft now out of print, but can still be fo und in with illustrations in the tcxt , however none also given wherever available. II is highly the $100-125 range (o r £70) by specialists. rtcommended thai at feast 10% ofyo ur collect­ of the coins are examined in depth and the ing budg~t M inynt~d in ' ~Ju~nu books. individual dating of each issue is not given. Its main drawback is the price: $100 at last ****')i Monda Imperii By1.anlini is a three-volume glance, and not gctting cheaper. It ma y GENERAL REFERENCES: (so far) set written by Wolfgang Hahn, and sound likc a lot of money to spend, but my issued in 1973 (Anaslasius - Justinian), 1975 advise is \0 nuY TillS nOOK, even if you (J usti n II • Ph ocas), and 198 1 (Heraclius ­ The 2nd edition of David Scar's***** lJy1.antin~ do not now collect Byzantine coins. You LC() III ). Unlike the Sear volume reviewed ColliS alld Their Valll ~s (1987) is trul y a will not regret it, and you will learn a lot. above, It is an eXlremely sci£"tiflC work Ihat great handbook and reference, far exceeding Is Ihis Ih ~ ollly book you will evu netd? examines each issue in detail, and (unlike all the 1974 original edition. It contains one of Definitelv nol, but it is a really good start. olher works of its kind), provides dating for the best (if a bit too briel) introductions to Previous editions are sometimes offered in nearly aU coin-issues (although nol all this series ever written, and at 528 pages, is the $30 range, but are not recommended experts in this field think that is a good thing). His technical Germ an is really difficult, but a handy provision (especially for non-German readers) are thc many fold ANCIENT COIN SPECIALIST out charts that make researching coins in G REEK, ROMAN, IlYZANTlNE COINS MID a "breeze". All issues arc illustrated AN D CLASSICA L ANTIQUITIES from many sources (including auctions and catalogues), and it has good concordances 10 nearly all other refcrences. Unfo rtunately all volumes arc no w out of print and elusive (the first volume rare), but arc definitely recommcnded. Be prcpared to pay in excess of S500 for the set.

A son of the author of NWar and**** Peace ~, Count Ivan Tolstoi was a specialist in Byzantinc coins and published his magnum opus in 1912-1914. It is a very impressive but unfinished work (ending at the reign of Basil I) containing 1060 pages of Russia" text and 72 excellent plates . It is still often SEND $2.00 FOR SA MPLE CATALOG cited as a reference, and it was certainly "ahcad of its time", but because of its OR $25 ANNUAL SUIlSCRIPTION language i$ not very easy to use. Originals arc rare, and no reprints are now available. EDWARD J. WADDELL, Ltd. Lone.uf'l *** Introdllction a to numismatiqu~ by1.ant in~ 7910 Wood mont Avenue, #1104 was writtcn by Henri Longuet, and publish­ Bethesda, MD 20814 ed by Spink & Son in 1961. It is no w a bit o outdated, but is one of the few introductory (301) 654-0470 FAX: (301 ) 654-0730 worb in French. 158 pages, 24 plates (of not greal quality). Oul of Print, about S40.

36 The Celalor Berko Gold ***'h pages with so-so illustrations in the text as The 1986 book Roman Gold Coins of the well as four plates, and features many charts Ca/alogue des 1II0nnaies byzantines**** de Ia Medieval World 383-1453 A.D. is a basic and tables. Solteover, $15. BibfiOlheque Notionale was written by price-guide in three grades for what we Cecile Morrison, and published in two consider to be Byzantine gold coins. 373 PUBLISHED COLLECfIONS: volumes in 1970. It has a very unllSl/al coins arc illustrated (with great photos), but numbering system fo r the coins (which takes there are only bare descriptions and virtually some getting used to). 844 pages of French no introduction. Hardbound, in print, $10. Ilumharton Oaks ***** text (utilizing excellent research), with 102 The epic Col/ection of the By1.allline Coin­ age ill the Dwnbarton Oaks and Whittemore exceptional platCl of photos. Out of print Berk. Bronze (of course), it will cost around SI50·200. Col/ec/ions (often abbreviated D.O.) was Easlerll Roman Successors/o the**** Seslertius'1.1 published in three volumes (in five parts) (1988) is a realistic price guide (in four 1966-1973. It is a very scientific reference, grades) for Byzantine bronzes. Its exccllcnt *** and the one most often utilized by scholars. The Catalogue of the Imperial Byzalllipe hand-drawn illustrations (by Shcrry Paputsa) All issues are examined in extreme detail, Coins in the Bri/ish MuselUn by Warwick make for very fast attributions and there is and very well dClcribed in plain English. Wroth appeared in 1908 as a two-volume lots of rarity information throughout. S20. Volume I (Anastasius to Maurice Tiberius), set. Containing 800 pages of text and 79 written by Alfred R. Bellinger, contains 409 excellent plates, it was for a long time the Whitt in!!, pages and 80 excellent plates (but no only English language volume on this series. Byzantine Coins was written by Philip*** D. introductory text). Volume II (Phoeas to Needless to say, many of its conclusions Whilling for The World of Numismatics Thcodosius III) is in two parts, with 728 have been superceded by recent research on series in 1973. It is a very lavish volume pages and 46 platcs, and Volume III (Leo III the subject, but it is still userul in that it with 311 pages of somcwhat gencralized but - Nicephorus III), also in two parts, has 887 does illustrate a great deal of material. very readable (if IIOt up-to-dOle) text, and 92 pages & 70 plates. Both were written by Originals are difficult to find, and brin g superb blaek & white plates of enlargements Philip Grierson, and have extensive intro· $200-300 at auction, but a 1966 Argonaut and 20 full-(:olor platCl . Although viewed ductions as well as also listing many very reprint in one volume, although itself out of by many as more of a ·pictllre-book" than a important items which arc /Jot present in print, can be found in the Sl20-150 range. serious study, it is a very welcome addition these collcctions, making this more of a to any numismatic library, and is something corpl/s. The quality of printing is simply one can show non-(:ollecton without them superb. All are sadly out of print, and a set The Ita lian dealer Rodolfo Ratto held ***a large getting that glazed look in their eye. Out of easily sells at auction for excess of S I ,000. public auction of entirely Byzantine Coins in print, it can still be found for $90-120. A The first volume is now very rare. A fourth the December of 1930. It is a sl)eodid lSI French-language version is in print at $70, and fifth volumcs arc now in preparation. page catalogue containing 2,701 single lots, but a Gcrman-Ianguageversion is now OOP. Sahatier **'1.1 Intended originally as an extension of Henri Cohtn 's work on the Roman Coinage, Justin ROMAN IMPERIAL Sabatier'$ monumental Descrip/ion giniraJe des tnOnnaies byZontines feoppies sous les ANCIENT NEAR EAST Empereurs d'Orient depuis Arcadius jusq 'a ISLAMIC & INDIAN COINAGE Ia prise de Constantinople par Mahomet II was published in 1862. The tellt volume Our Specialty contains 722 pages of French text (with valuations), and the illustration volume 70 excellent hand-drawn plates . This has been reprinted several timCl , with a recent FORNI reprint currently selling for 5120.

Goodacre A Handbook of the Coinage of The Byzan**­ tine Empire by Hugh Goodaere appeared in three parts 1928-1933, and revised in one volume in 1957 (with iater rcprint~) . It is a chatty, very incomplete ·and Their Values· IntereSled ill buying rare or high grade coills of Rome type of book that basically tells you nothing from the time of AUgllStllS to Severus Alexander about coins, but is very fun to read as the historical bits read more like a gossip novel For Serious Collectors - Occasional Lists than a reference. 361 pages, sparse photos. WILLIAM B. WARDEN, JR. * 'h P.O. BOX 356 Introduction To East Roman (Byzantine) Coinage is a very elementary beginner's NEW HOPE, PA 18938 guide which originally appeared in The Numismatist in 1957-8, and was issued in a (215) 297-5088 revised edition in 1989. It contains 117

April 1991 37 with about 80% of them illustrated on 68 Public Auction by noted dealers Harlan J. a group of seven articles published in 1988 excellent plates. Bccauseofthe Depression, Berk and Viclor England was subtitled "A and edited by Wolfgang Hahn & William E. the sale actually didn't do so good (with Definitive Offering oj Byzantine Copper Metcalf. They arc quite specialized works many of the individulli lots sold in groups), Coinsjealuring An /mpor/ant European Col­ and not easy for the general collector to but it hu since been utilized as a MAJOR lection of Coins of lhe Western Mints and digest, but provide much infonnation nOI reference due to the enonnous scope of the Several Highly Importam American Collec­ previously available. 142 pages, 24 variable collection (including Barbarian, Papal, Early lions oj Byzantine Coppers". 368 coins arc but generally good plates. Hardbound,575. Medieval, and Crusader issues). It was illustrated and described on 61 pages . The reprinted in 1959, and these are often still quality and photography is superb, and its Yannoooulm found in thc $60 rangc. Originals of this introduction features lovely colour photos. L 'Hexagramme is a 1978 specialized work catalogue arc very rarc (S500 or more). Available, SIO softbound, S20 hardbound. ** that investigates in some dctailthe Byzantine silver coinage from 610 to 717. Its researeh ***'h Coli. N.K . It was inevilable that the December 5-6, **'h is speculative, and the French text is a bit This softcover two-volume set produced in obtuse. 189 pages , with 8 excellcnt plates. 1990 auction by Sothcby's New Yo rk of The 1983 by Serge Boutin cootains 1,432 coins William Herbert Hunt Col/eclion: Highly It is in print, but elusive at about S80. described in 187 pages and 73 so-so plates. Important Byzantine Coins was going to be The French text is very well written, and it a classic. The 962 lots in this first sale (of includes some contemporary outside coin­ two planned), expertly catalogued by Simon Hendy ages as well. In print but elusive, about S65. Coinage and Money in the ****Byzantine Bendall, brought 47% above high estimate Empir e, 1081-126/ by Michael F. Hendy is ($1.76 million) and has no doubl greatly a very important 1969 study conlaining 471 increased the popularity of this series. With Die byzanliniscllen MiJnz.en im Keslner­ pagcs, 8 tables, and 51 excellent plates. It many great raritics and numerous coins in ** MuselUn Hannover by Joachim Raeder was is ~sent i a l for tllis period, but is now quite exceptional eonditioo, the calalogue features published in 1987. It features 352 coins, rare and easily commands S350 or mo re. introductions to each reign, full descriptions, many of them pictured in the text. The and ioteTCSting notes for maoy items. All are introduclion (io Gcrman) is very extensive illustrated, but the 68 black & white plates and well illustrated. 170 pages, about $35. ****'h are badly printed and only passable at best Simon Beodall's A Private Colleclion oj (the four colour plates great). Hardbound Palaeologan Coins (1988) covers the issues with attractive dustcovcrs, available for $60. SPECIALIZED STUDIES: of 1268-1453 AD with great dclail. Its 28 plates of photographs illustrate 270 of the nt'rk/Eneland ****'h 381 cu rrently known Palaeologan coin-types. Byzantine Coins, the 7 Deeembcr 1989 joint Silidies in Early Byzantine Gold Coinage**** is It has an excelleot introduction and much

Superior is Now Accepting Ancient Coin Consignments for our December 1991 Auction Sale ro BE HELD IN CONJUNCTION WI TH THE NEW YORK INTERNATIONAL NUMISMATIC CONVENTION Consign your ancient as well as foreign coins to Superior's December Sale, held in conjunction with the largest and most important ancient and foreign coi n show held in the United States. Whole Collections & Selected Consignments of: Choice Greek, Ro man & Byzanti ne Coinage in all metals · High Quality Greek . Republican & Imperatorial The Twelve Caesars in Gold & Silver . Choice Roman Imperial . World Gold and World Crowns and Minors Are Now Being Accepted Competitive Commission Rates · Cash Advancements Available

This coupon entitles the owner to consign one Ancient or Foreign Coi n to Auction with Superior Galleries, New York A Division 01 Su~.io. Stamp & Coin. Inc. LOr SHALL BE SOLD AT AUCTION TO HIGHEST BIDDER WITHOUT COMMISSION CHARGE TO OWNER

• Act:"'ptamce of )01 Is conditiona l upon """'ptanCt! of our ,.tandard auetlon con",*,d by both pIIrtJ",.. • Auc:tlon ktt mull ha~ minimum market val"", of 81500.00. • libe ..t ash ad,... na:~nu .vallable • Va lid throughO\ll 1991

Superior Galleries, New York A Division of Superior Stamp & Coin Cu. Inc. ~~ C.oId"'" 9478 West Olympic Bou levard, 8everly Hill s, CA 90212-4299 ".," Gor' !.,!,"". (213) 203·9855 • Outside California: (SOO) 421-0754 • FAX, (2\3) 203-0496 ~ '~·"n" Co!.,!,"" . Mark Goidb<'8 N~ \\)

38 The Celator commentary th roughout the text. Privately serious refcrencc is limited due to many printed in only 250 copies, it costs $50. Harvard University Press produced George* wro ng attributions (especially in the Vanda­ E. Bates' Archaeological E:rploralion of lic issues) . 344 pages, 43 excellent plates. Sardis: Byzantine Coins in 1971. It is a Originals rare (about $250-300), but a 1966 **11.1 catalogue of 1235 coins found in eleven reprint can still be found for S80 or so. Written in 1979 by Simon Bcndall and PJ . campaigns from 1958 to 1968 , with thc 121 Donald, n ,e Lau r Pa/aeologan Coinage clearest ones illustrated on 9 plates. Foot­ 1282-1453 was a landmark reference that notes describe where and when each coin has now been la rgely su perceded by the was fou nd. The 18 page introduction is The refercnces available for thc very revised Sear book (in which Mr. Bendall very informative, but the book as a whole is popular and historical series of Roman wrote the relevant parts) and the PCPC, (by but a very minor contribution to Byzantinc Republican Coinage, including auctio n Mr. Bcndall once agai n) listed above. The numismatics. Borrow, not buy, this one. catalog ues of important collections. basic scholarship is both sound and excel­ lently wrilten (although there are quite a fcw Dennis Kroh is a filii-time dealer of an cient errors), and its oversized line-d rawings are Le Monele Siciliane dai Byzantini ****a Carlo I coins and books about them, as well as a much bcttcr th an pho tos for this materia l. d 'Angio (582-1282) is included in this free-lance catalogue writer who maintains a 271 pages , and still in print for about S25. survey due to the large number of Byzantine very large working library and lIfiiizes many coins (445 different types) struck in Sicily . coin references every single day. Queries Published in 1976 by the I.A.P.N., it also and comments concerning the subject of this Retowski lists the coinage struck undcr Arabic and column are welcome. Please enclose SASE Die Miinz.en der Komllell ell VOII Trap***ezunl Norman occupation in 241 pages of Italian and write clo The Celator. by Otto Rctowski is basicaUy the only tcxt and 28 very good plates. Out of Print. specialized work to cover the Trebizo nd Empire (although there arc simple listings of UMC. Vandals the coinage in the revised Sear, pp.480-6). The 1911 Calalogue of th e Coins of** th e Writing for Originally wrinen in 1910, the second Vandals, Ostrogolhs and L()/nbards and of The Celator edition (1974) is a very readable (if you read th e Empires of Thessalonica, Nicaea and German) account of ilS hi story and coinage Trebizond in the British Museum (by is easy and fun. from Alexius I (1204- 1224) to David (1458- Warwick Wroth) was intended as a supple­ Don't be afraid 1461), although the latter issued no coinage. ment 10 the two volumes of BMC Byzantine ,. to give it a try! 189 pages, 15 excellent plates. it is still in published in 1908 . Although valuable as a print, but difficult to locate. About $40. source of illustrations, its usefulness as a

SUBSCRIBE TO THIS IMPORTA NT NEW PUBLICATION NOW! The International Hi -Monthly Review of Ancient Art & Archaeology MINERVA is an illustraled news and review magazine, appearing bi-month!y (6 issues per year), devoted to ancient art, antiquities, archaeological and numismatic discoveries worldwide from prehistory to the 18th century. With regular contributors from around the world, MINERVA, published in England, is Iruly international in slyle and coverage. Feature articles will emphasize newly discovered works of art and objects of archaeological and numismalic importance leading to a better understanding of the pas!. A bi-monthly numismatic column, by Dr. Arnold Saslow, will furnish readers with a lively review of the ancient coin marketplace. Regular excavation reports will include prehistoric, classical, early Christian, medieval, Egyptian, Biblical, Near Eastern, Asian, Oceanic, African and American findings. aswell as reports on underwater archaeology. Liberally illustrated with full -color and black and white photographs, it will impress you with the breadth of its coverage, the forcefulness 01its reporting, the knowledge and wit of Ihe feature writers, and the sheer usefulness of the many reports and listings lor museum and gallery exhibitions, auctions, lairs, conferences, meetings, as well as Ihe abslracls and book reviews. Jerome M. Eisenberg. Ph.D. , Editor-in-Chief Professor Barri Jones and Peter A. Claylon, Editors SUBSCRIPTION RATES Surface Mail Airmail 1 year (6 issues) U.S. $27.00 U.S. $39.00 2 years (12 issues) U. S. $54.00 U.S. $77.00 3 years (18 issues) U. S. $76.00 U. S. $110.00 Payment may be made by check or by Mastercard, Visa or Access cards (please give account no. and expiration dale) .

7 DAV IES STREET LONDON WIY ILL, EN GLAND Tel.phon" (44) 71·495.2590 F"" (44) 71·491·]595

Apri! 1991 39 Malter releases TRIVIAQUlZ latest edition of Who was the Roman divinity of commerce and ga in whose Collectors Journal festival is celebrated May 25? of Ancient Art Volume 7, #1-2 of Maller Galleries' (Answer on page 48) Collectors Journal of AndentArt has been released. Loaded with coins, antiquilies and books, the latest issue contains something for all collectors. Q UOTES FR OM THE PAST Bargains are also evident in the lists "The budget should be balanced. The Treasury should be refilled. of coins as well as antiquities and are Public debt shoufd be reduced. The arrogance of officialdom offered in the -hoard- sections. Objects should be tempered and control/ed, fest we become bankrupt." such as the Egyptian burial figure s, the ushabtis, were entombed in large num­ Cicero, 63 B.C. bers and are reasonably priced as a result. The Maller journal also includes a r------, large offering of pottery, mostly from I Clip & Save I Magna Graecia. The group is keyed by a I I fine piece made by the "Underworld Iy;;;~ I Painter". Artifacts are offered in virtually I Coin File I every material used by ancient man, from Pre-Columbian gold (sel off by an inter­ esting article by Ralph Weismer) to terra ~-~------~L. Titurius L.f. Sabinus cotta. glass, bronze and wood 01 the ancient Mediterranean world. l amp AR - denarius collectors, seal collectors, glass collec­ 89 Be, Roman Republic tors, pin co llectors, arrowhead collectors, TatlusfTarpeia coin colleclors and book collectors should Syd. 699 all find something of interest in th e Col­ lectors Journal of Ancient Art. Subscrip­ Struck by Lucius Tilurius, possibly as paymaster to the troops, the images tion information or single copies of this on this denarius reflect a pun on the family name Sabinus, members of fixed price sale are available from Maller which claimed to be descended from the Sabines. According to Roman Galleries. P.O. Box 777, Encino, CA myth, Tarpeia was templed by the gold bracelets of the Sabines and 9'316. betrayed her people by opening the gate to the fortress on the Capitoline Hill. She was crushed when the entering soldiers of King Tatius threw their shields upon her. The obverse depicts a portrait ofTatius, while the reverse Say you saw it in shows Tarpeia being buried by shields. Above is acrescent moon and star which Sydenham suggests may allude to the introduction of the cult of Luna L ______~ to Rome by Tatius. The Ce£ator

ALIGULA PREMIERS ROMf~ fIR~T GAME GHO\N- ''In(:, I7!;T YOUR LIFE!" ..------:-:---, - i1-I€ c.ol..OSSEUM 41 A.p.

40 The Gelator Professional Directory

( Antiquities ) ( Antiquities ) ( Antiquities )

£...... -?$:_~." - ... + ..... __ M _.;-. } ! EGYPTIAN & CLASSICAL l Ancient Coins & Antiquities I ANTIQUITIES I Buy, Sell & Auction ~- ~ 1 10k offtr the ,01lee101 a lIillled ~lec!lOl1 1 • Ancient, Medieval & Modem Coins >J or fine quality Ancltnlllbrid Artl l.l • Pre-Columbian Art, Rare Books ! ! • Weapons, Orientatia, Old Maps I I Seeking coins, artifacts, books and • • more for upcoming auction

It • J~ WW{Y • SCULPTURt . 8RONZt 1I JOEL MALTER & Co. • pantRY • WUlPONS • AMULtTS 16661 Ventura Blvd., Suite 518 ~ ~ + • FREE: Catalog No. C 191 upon request + Encino, CA 91436 USA Gallery by Appointment . (2I2) 724·9455 0 PHOENICIA o MAIL: P.O. Box 777 ANCIENT WORLD ARTS. LTD. Encino, CA 91316 USA Holyland Antiquities ~ ~ P.O. Bo)( 692, Gracie Station I 50 \\est 76th S1. • New York 10023 I (8 18) 784-7772 FAX: 784·472£ New Yorio;. NY 10028 (212) 722-4603 },., ... -"'..z:~~." _ ... + ..... __ ¥ _~

20 years serving you ... ~ Gordon Andreas Singer ( Coins & Books ) fi ~,;j+jfT;;'~ Post Office Box 235 I~ b y~!.. Greenbelt • ANC IENT COINS .,.~~ Maryland 20768·0235 Write for your • MEDIEVAL COINS ,...... :-.• , (301) 805·7085 complimentary copy of our: • ANCIENT ART & CO/;:;-AND ARTIFACTS OF THE MIDDtE AGES • Quarterly illustrated ancient catalog ANTIQUITIES • Book List..{ Accessory Catalog ~/'7~ EVENINGS • Ancient Barga;n Price List Write for Free Illustrated '30')876· "'O~ • Frequent Mail Bid Sales Catalogues 01the Following: Ul,q (301) 235.1696 • Or all of the above • Ancient Coins LII I ~ . HELlOS • Medieval Coins XXII ~M&RCoins • Ancient Art and Antiquities XIV Ora 'WOrra .'iIntiquitie.s fi 0705 South Roberts Rd. Suite 146 Ancient Greek, Roman, Egyptian, Etc. Palos Hills, IL 60465 Ar1 ifacts. 6ronles, Statuettes, Pottery. (708) 430-1445 ~ AL.EX O. MALLOY, INC Amulets · Send lor treetist tt~. ":32.: P.o nO. 38 Member: Antiquities Dlfalers AS$oc. ~1'iU' Soulh Salem P.O. Box 25 Say you saw it in 'Ifie Cefator New York 10590 Westminster, MD 21157

:n'J{'1J M{f;I'E'J{'T Saaigfi (ja[[ery ~mpire @ninz TR...'EJ4S'U1('E5 Jlncient Jlrt Ancient Coin Specialists • Buyin, ' Selling· Want Lists· Boob MEHRDAD • Appra.sals • Consignments · Referrals • Allcnd:;mce at an major Shows and Sales r!l SADIGH • EJ\clusivc AuctiOll Bidding Scrvice • Sound Advicc based OIl long experience • Subscribers receive si x fully illustrated The Time 303 5th Ave. rixed price catalogues of lUlCicnt coin s and hook.s about them. ami two major Machine Co. Room #1603 auetion sales per ycu. • Periodic referelKe book. lists & sales Fine Archaeological New York NY Empire COins, Inc. Art and Coins 10016 P.O. Bo. 2634 P.O. Box 282 · Flushi ng Sta. Onnond Bcoch. FL ~2!7S·2634 USA Queens, NY 11367 800-426-2007 Phone (904) 677_7314 ... f< M _ Office hou n 9·5. M·F ·UANII. (718) 544·2708 212-725-7537 1'&>:(904)677·12301

April 1991 41 Professional Directory

( Coins & Books ) ( Coins & Books ) ( Coins & Books )

GREEK, ROMAN, CELTIC, Ancient & World Coins DAVID P. HERMAN BYZANTINE, and B RITISH C lassical Numismatist HAMMERED coins_ PONTERIO CLASSICAL ANTIQUITIES AltrOClil'e coins at reasonable prices Over SOO items per e~ten s ivety & ASSOCIATES, INC. Write/or your sample cala/og: illuslratcd cat3logue including tnlde offers. With fair grading & reasonahle prices 1818 Robinson Ave. 1322 351h SI. we are major suppliers to many US dealers. Why not try \Is? San Diego, CA 92103 Suite 101 Payment IICceflled by US dottar cheq\le, Visa Orlando, Fla. 32809 and Mastercard. Members ot the Briti~h (407) 422 - 59 15 Num ismatic Trade Association and the (6 19) 299·0400 Antiquity Dealers Association. (800) 854·1888 Please write or tclcflhollC for your frec copy. Christian Blom JOHN CUMMINGS LTD., PNG #308 PO Box 38, Grantham, ANA-LM G reek, Roma n and Lincs, NG31 6AA, England. World Coins Telephone 0400-81848 write/or free sample list

Our unique 2504 N. Quantico 51. GREEK mail bid auctions Arlington, VA 22207 allow you to 703-533-311 9 ROMAN PAY THE noon 10 midnight and PRICE YOU WANTTO PAY WORLD COINS ROMAN IMPERIAL QII,-I,,/I), illII.I'lm/cd ",,,i/lJld ,me/im,s • • • comoi" /lI'n 5(}() lots of (",drill ANCIENT NEAR EAST No List Issued coills. alllilillilies "",/ '1IIliqllrJ III all ISLAM IC & INDI AN "ricl! r(IIt!:t's. For j.-u rowing r OIl/(lel: • • • COINAGE Colosseum Ollr Specialty Coin Exchange, Inc. P.O. Bo)( 21Cl 39 WEST 551h STREET Hazlet, NJ 07730 NEW YORK, N.Y. 10019 (908) 264-1161 AREA CODE; 212-246-5025

For SeriollJ Coliec/o!".<· Occ(Jsimwl Lists WILLIAM n. WARDEN, J R. P.O. BOX 356 NEW HOPE. PA 18938 (215 )297·5088

• Buy, sell , trade ancient C L. ASSIC GREEK, ROMAN AND ANCIENT COINS co'ins and antiquities IIRlTlSH COINS AND ANTIQUITIES • All coins and artifacts • Profcss;lIlHli scrv;("C wilh " pers",,"1 navor fully gua ranteed • Th(>"~hlful "lid dClailed caI3Iogs_I ' ;gh Harlan J. Berk, Ltd . quahly pholOgrnphs and printing. Six buy or bid sales per year • Write or call for free Sampic issue-S2 Write or call for free catalogue illustrated price list 3 12-609-0016 ~ ;~ CJJav~IJS .~ 312-609-0017 '-,r& 3296 S, MOOl1 ey Bll'd., Suite 105 Visalia, CA 93277 Cold Spring, MN 56320 ~ 31 N. Clark 51. . Y 'V' Chicago, IL 60602 " (209) 732-2026 (612) 68S-3835

42 The Cefalo( Professional Directory

( Coins & Books ) ( Coins & Books ) ( Coins & Books )

EUROPE'S MAIN Greek, Roman, Byzanline SPECIALIST DEALER IN & Medieval Coins ~RTIIUI(. . J. u~ ORIENTAL COINAGES ancient coills for the Connoisseur Occasional Calalogues Write/or illustrated catalog VIKEN M. HAVANDJIAN RFD I, Box 240 P.O. BOX 50417 AUSTIN. TX 78763 ~ Wallis, TX 77485 ~ Fru ill"slral~d sale$ Nsr (512) 250-1931 ~ (409) 478·6796 ~ """i/able Olt I'ffl"e.fl. R.C. SENIOR LTD. Glenn Schinke BUlleigh Court Tower Fred B. Shore Numismatist BUlleigh Glastonbury Somerset BA6 gSA Engl,md Classicol Numismotics Ancients Tel. 0458 50824 Ancient Greek. Roman and Medieval Parthian coins of the highest Foreign FRANK STERNBERG quality bought and sold Numismatist P.O. Box CH PO Box 36 Rosemead, CA 91770 Schanzengasse 10, CH-8001 Fort Washington PA 19034 (8 I 8) 446·6775 Zurich, Switzerland 215 1275 - 3430 tel. 01/252.30.88 fax . 01 /252 .40.67 :;~tt--- ·· ·' . I BILL MCDANIELS ~.~ /' Ancient and BOllghl and Sold Medieval Coins STEPHEN M. HUSTON COINS AND MEDALS (Greek, Roman, Indian, Crass/car 9\lumismatist Ancient, Medieval and Modern Islamic, Chinese, P.O. 60)( 193621 NUMISMATIC LITERATURE Early European, Etc.) San Francisco, CA 94119 USA GEMS,CAMEOS,JEWELRY (415) 781·7580 Ancient to Modem P.O. Box 2273 Albany, NY 12220 "*ilt: for iffustratea UltaIogUl. AUCTION SALES

ECONOMOPOULOS ILLUSTRATED ENTERPRISES PRICELISTS CLASSICAL Greek NUMISMATISTS Roman Specialists in Greek Byzantine Ancient Coins Roman Request yours today! Auctions and Byzantine Price Lists Bought & Sold Wayne C. Phillips a-A Village Loop SUPERIOR STAMP & Nicholas T. Suite 125 COIN CO., INC. Economopoulos Phillips Ranch, CA 91766 9478 West Olympic Boulevard P.O. Box 199 (714)629-0757 Beverly Hills, CA 90212-4236 Holicong. PA 18928 Serving 'he collector since 1959 (213) 203-9855 (215) 794-0406

April 1991 43 Professional Directory

( Coins & Books ) ( Coins & Books ) ( Coins & Books )

Aiga; NlUtlismolics is currtnlly offering /ht filltSl ancitll l Grat, Romon and By:antiM Lucien Birkler ,,,,mismalic art i" lit" markdplace loday. Btfort you buy. tll i'll: quality ami rtmt mlNr & Co. .... Qualit)' is our busiM JS Professional Numismatists A lGA l N Ui\'IISMATIK .. "' ...... ' /""A T. (I Wrile for OUT ~ I ~ free Ji st of LANZ , ~\' t ~ i ~ MONCI-IEN Greek, ~E:""N A. <11J; I;K ff~'! Dr. Hu bert Lanz t;" Roman, 2800 s. Utlll-usily #22 Denver, CO 80210 \" ./ .1 Byzantine, (303) 722·5540 Luitpoldblock, Max imilianspla tz 10 and Medieval coins • Illustrated Price Lists 0 -8000 MOnchen 2, Germany • Want List Search Service A Tcl. (49) (89) 2990 70 " .. ,,~ We attend most major auctions • Auction Representation d7.;@;~;),~·" Fax . (49) (89) 22 07 62 [(i!Ji:. and will represent Y OII • Markel Price Campa/abies "~ J - ,~~ ' 'J '. 1707 l. St. NW Suite 250 Send 3. copy of ttli! ad for 3. FR EE sample Washington D.C. 20036 A. N. i. SAN of ooc of our lalcsl auclion calalogs and lc ll US .... t1a. you are collecting. 202-833-3770

Jl\ellielmi & Bargain Ancients FRANK L. Free Photographic Catalog 3RetmiS!ianrc i[oills Most prices between wholesale and retail O U:ll ogue XVII now available KOVACS Robert Blake, Box 11 53 with coins of Europe to 1750. Ancient Coins Flagstaff, AZ 86002 u t us kllOw what you collect or ....ould like 10 sell. & Antiquities l\£naissanr£ Qi: oin Qi:ompanp For Serious Collectors ORACLE P.O. Box 2303 Loop Station ANCIENT COINS Minnc4I pol is. MN 55402 .?' Al1raclin An cif nt GrH k And Roman Coins " ?' ~'o r Th., Collrclor Free List of inexpensive P.O. Box 25300 Affo rdable Prices. Free Lists ANCIENT COINS San Mateo. CA 94402 Conservative Grading MICHAEL & SANDRA WOLF (41 5) 574-2028 539 - 62 SI. P.O. Bo. 233, Dewey. AZ 86327 FAX (41 5) 574-1995 (602) 772-71 44 IIrooklyn, NY ll220

IIUYING & SELLING For Ihefinest of islamic, Indian, Baktarian numismatic art, "d WORLD Central Asian Coinages write for a COINS complimentary copy 1I001l.C. oj Ollr fixed price to Modern catalogue. . . ' Dt~ . P,\\7L Ryne,\Qson Write for Free List: ~.&J ,,, Wrile for sample illustrated list Anything Anywhere il ~ P.O, Box 4009 Omar Hamidi ~~ , i ':/..~ Malibu Perslc G a llery, P.O, Box 10317 601 Elm Street "~. A~ C:tlifornia 90265 Torrance, CA 90505 '. ,V (213) 540-1855 Raleigh, NC 27604-1935

44 The Gela/of Professional Directory

C Coins & Books ) C Coins & Books ) C Coins & Books ) Ancient Greek & Roman Coins Ancient Coins NUMISMA TICA and books about them ARS CLASSICA AG olso stod World Minor Coins, Medals. Fru sample catalogs Cro .... ns. Amfacts. Baab and Coin coses P_ P.O. 1356-E ANTIQUE COINS Our invent"')' i. among the fine" in America Thomas McKenna 8m; AND MEDALS Ft. Collins, co 80522 (303) 226-!i704 GREEK ROMAN Jonathan K. Kern BYZANTINE Bachelor of Arts MEDIEVAL Numismatics Ancient, Medieval, Early AUCTIONS · PRICE LISTS In the past two years ..... he"" camp/eud American Numismatics SENT ON REQUEST fi"" uts of the Jl Coesers in gold. VALUATIONS GEORGE M. BEACH NUMISMATICA ARS CLASSICA AG Numiscellaneous N~"~"'4J 8001 ZORICIi. SWIrLERLAND p.o. Box 113, Owosso, M148867 T<>n

Visiting: San Francisco? RARE 444 S. Ashland The Silicon Valley? COINS Lexington, KY 40502 Stanford University? (606) 269·1614 Specializing in the TREASURE Coinage ofJudaea Visit ... ISLAND * Ancient We carry a large inventory AMPHORA of Ancients as we ll as * Medieval Jewish' Biblical the largest Philatelic stock * Modern Greek· Roman in the Bay Area. Coins' Weights William M. Rosenblum TREASURE ISLAND Small Antiquities 91 Town & Country Village P.O. Box 355 Palo Alto, CA 94301 Evergreen CO 80439 Free il/uslrated fisl (415)326·7678 (303) 838·4831 available upon request "We wrote the book on Biblical coins!" ISLAMIC & INDIAN Pegasi Coins COINS P.O. Box 4207 From the earliest t imes Ann Arbor, MI48106 to the present day Phone: (313) 434-3856 Classical numismatists se rving beginners thru advanced collectors

Classical Greek, Aoman, Byzantine, and Medieval Price lists issued regularly, Coins, Books & Antiquities available upon request Free illustrated catalogs STEPHEN ALBUM Specify: Ancient or Medieval P.o. BOX 7386 Want lists serviced. Consultations available. SANTA ROSA, CA. 95407 U.S.A. Appraisals and estate evaluations performed. phone: 707-526-3421 Active buyer of all material. fax, 707·521>-3266

Apr;; 1991 45 Professional Directory

( Equip. & Supplies ) ( ShowS & Conventions) ( Shows & Conventions )

PHOTOGRAPH GREATER BOSTON ... COINS & BILLS NEW YORK Ancient and Foreign Coin • Instant Polaroid Prinls NUMISMATIC • Color or Black & While ~~ Mecca o/The Nor/heast! CONVENTION • Same Size Of Enlarged ~~ MAY 1, 2, 3, & 4, 1991 BAY STATE COIN SHOW ~@ OMNI PARK CENTRAL HOTEL June 7, 8,9,199 1 7'h Ave. & 56Il'I SI. , New York City November 22, 23, 24, 1991 Call or Send for Held llmuftl"""","I~";1I\ 1M AMERICAN ISRA EL NUMISMATIC Free Brochure F~~~ "57" PARK PLAZA HOTEL ] ASSOCIATION CONVENTION Room rese rvations: 617·482. 1800 P.O. Box 2937 ~, CONVENTION FEATURES: Redwood City, CA 94064 Auctions by SI~·J . ancie~!I audions. "Ancien!. Over 25 years .. " Neade' ModalL!E ...... ",i. Ha ll . "'ee1ings. f""""s, Show !!!~ " """in~.... ~ , I"Iibas. "~"' "mal>C .... ,...... and .,,~ •. "New f llg l{///(/,s UJrgest Coin ,/0 Q 100. N" .....""'I>c: <:Ie.It,. in.n c.!_ , ~ ._ Bourse space $1 95 and up. Moe Weinschel Chairman: Ed Aleo P.O. Box 277 Bo x. 400. Winchester, MA 0 1890 ['PIARIES PHOTOGRAPHIC Rockaway Part<., NY 11694·0277 (415)854-7662 (7 18) 634-9266 6 17 -729-9677

( Services) Wholesale Coins ) ( The Best of The Celator 1988 - $5.95 po' lp,id Ifion~on (!loin (ilulletirs 1989 - $6.95 po' lp, ;d }~JrYd[)R N ET Suite 132 Mission Viejo Mall Database of Dealers in Mission Viejo, CA 92691 1990 - $ 6.95 postpaid Ancient Coins and Antiquities (714) 364·0990 or 582-3481 All three for $15.00 We can help you find the dealers whose location, specializa/ion, price range, and 'I1ie Cefator expertise match your collecting needs. Say you saw it in P.O. Box 123 Write for free brochure. Lodi , WI 53555 P.O. Box 1135 (608) 592-4684 C harlottesville, V A 22902 'Tfie Cerator

NUMISMATIC VIDEO TAPES ~ "" O.. id 1.000. on 0..--1 winnin, ; ...... Ii .. and "'.. "., ... ..!, . ' r«'oli>l. II< follo..-'"I ,,, ... poucnl k""...u .'...." .. ANA Con""" ..... br <>-peru '" • !*ti

r r",1d. M""l' puKfIIoI ...... jnd" ~"""I"" ~ 'W'd< r...... "'" ..I< of eoch to"", ..... 10 .... A""""" N...... >c: A

46 The Celator THE BACK PAGE

general they will obviously have to resort to present ancient Dear Celator Reader: dealers to actually do the work for them until they can train I am writing this just as I have returned from the Mid-Year their own staff. Well my personal opinion is THE IDEA STiNKSIII I so ANA Convention held for the first time in Dallas, and just as indicated in stronger language on my survey. I certainly do I am about to take off forCICF in Chicago. The Gulf War is not think that ancient dealers or ancient collectors need any over, and hopefully, a lot 01 collectors will now become un­ glued from watching CNN (as I did), and we can get back to outside agency who does not know the fi rst darn thing about the business of buying and selting ancient coins. ancient coins to get into ancients because they perceive that I had very mixed feelings about the ANA show in Dallas. there might be a market in acting as a third party. David Sear, one of the most knowledgeable persons in ancient I liked the original idea of having a Mid-Year alternate between Southern California and Northern Florida, and 10, coins in the world, has just started a service for coin authen­ tication and description. I have seen his product and it is we are suddenly tied in ad infinitum to Dallas. Now don't get scholarly, precise, and attractive; certainly very suitable for me wrong, it is a great city and has a very decent collector the collector who wants reassurance on his or her purchase base, but from what I could see from overall attendance and andlor a record of their coins. Irom comments made by dealers of aU sorts of coins, the Having heard the reaction European dealers to PCGS show was certainly not as busy as FUN or Long Beach or a 01 ·slabbing" European coins, I can imagine their attitude if lot 01 shows in the very recent past. Now the ANA is talking PCGS goes ahead and starts to get into ancient coins. So about opening up the shows to stamp, baseball card, and what can you the collector do?? jewelry dealers as long as they also sell "numismatic" Please take a minute, find some time, and write to PCGS material. Well, we shall see what we shall see. and tell them what your feelings are about their getting One of the most interesting things that happened during into th e ancient coin market. Address your letters to: the show was the distribution of a mul1i-page (5 or 6) "survey" pCGS POBox9458 Newport Beach CA92658 Please do by PCGS in an attempt to determine dealer attitudes to not be insulting. or crude, but tellthemwhatyourleelings are PCGS GETTING INVOLVED IN ANCIENT COINS. Well if you do not Ihink this is a good idea. I have already stated that idea cerlajnlycaught my attention I Since a lot of Celator my opinion. Perhaps if we can build a "ground-swell" 01 readers may not actually be aware of what PCGS and negative opinion. they will reconsider their concept, since il "slabbing" are all about, I will give a brief intra, and in respect it is not utilized or dealers and collectors refuse to accept, for mein Editor Wayne Sayles, I will not get into opinion buy, or sell PCGS ~ancient products·, they will find it not stating. economically feasible to go into. But do take a minute and Several years ago, PCGS, which stands for Professional Coin Grading Service, introduced the concept of sealing write. American coins in a plastic "slab", which is about the size of FOR THE MONTH OF APRIL WE WILL BE BACK IN NJ a cigarette pack, and along with the coin, a miniature certificate which states the identification of the coin, has a Upcoming Shows: reference code, and gives the grade 01 the coin as indepen­ NAB - Sap Francisco - April 26-27th at the Holiday Inn-Golden dently determined by a group of PCGS graders. This was Gateway (on Van Ness). Fri·Sat show with show hours 10-7 & soon followed by several other services which saw the "gold 10-6. Free admission, reduced rate ($5.00) hotelpari<;ing. Inthe in them tharslabs" and independent, third party grading was California Suile (bottom of stairs). This show should be a born. Of course if you did not like the grade that was given humdinger as we will be having th e only showing of the Hunt to your coin, you are welcome to "break-i t·out" of the "slab" Collection by Sotheby's to ever take place in Calif., as well as and pay the fee and resubmit it for another shot at a higher several other features (see separate ad in this issue of The grade. With 11 grades possible for uncirculated coins Celator ). and with these one point diHerences in grade often trans­ Auction Agent Reminder - As we go into the Spring season, lated into hundreds il not thousands of dollars diHerence in there will be quite a number of ancien t auctions going on both value, Iherewas obviously a 10101 re-submilling done. At the here and in Europe. We would be happy to act as agents on your presenllime peGS advertises that they have graded over 2 behalf for the viewing, evaluation, and estimation of any of the million coins with a total value of over 2 billion dollars. coins present in these sales. With our going into our 16th year Once the "slabbing" of US coins caught on, PCGS and as a full-time, professional numismatist and dealer in classical other services soon decided to go into the "slabbing" of coins, and having attended titerally hundreds of auctions, we foreign coins. Britain, Canada, Mexicoand about another 40 can often be of great assistance in your obtaining the coins that or so countries are now eligible for slabbing. End of brief you want and at prices which are consistent with true market summary. value. Whallheir intention is towards ancients is still nol deter­ minable, even after a conversation wilh Ihe nice young fellow who was picking up the surveys. I am nol sure if they are thinking about actually "slabbing" ancients, certifying Rare Coins & Classical Arts Ltd. ancients, grading ancients, or authenticating ancients or any ~Specialis ts in Museum Quality Coins~ combination 01 the above. What I could tell from the survey Member: ANA, ANS, SAN, AINA, INS, Fellow RNS is thai they wanted "us" meaning the ancient dealers to tell them our opinions and to find out if we would "trade" in PCGS P.O. Box 374 P.O. Box 699 ancients, be willing to act as graders, or to act as authenti­ South Orange, NJ 07079 Palm Desert, CA 92261 cators. Since the owners of PCGS are certainty not ancient Phone: (201) 761·0634 Phone: (619) 345-7161 dealers nor perhaps very knowledgeable about ancients in FAX: (201)761-8406

April 1991 47 INDEX OF DISPLAY Celator Classifieds ADVERTISERS Rates: Aigai Numismatics .. Album, Stephen $5.00 fo r the first 20 words, 20¢ each additional word. Amphora 7.45" Amsellem, Claude 17, 45 Ancient World Ans, Ud. The other ancients: Africa, Mideast, India, C hina, Persia, Europe, Ancient Anything Anywhere .." India, Southeast Asia, the Orient. Primi­ and Medieval periods. $ payment faei l· Aries Photographic AtheNe! 24,4"6 ti ve Monies. Books too. Free list. ity. List: Robert Tye, Loch Eynort, Bank Leu Ltd Semans, Box 22849P, Seattle , WA South Uist, Western Isles, PA Sl 5SJ, Bay State Coin Show " 98122. Beach, George M. "., United Kingdom. Serl\., Harlan J. Ltd. Cover, 42 Birkler,lucien & Co. .. G r eek, Roman, Medieval coins. F ... ee book list. Archaeology, antiqui­ Blake, Robert .. Biodgcn, Dave Monthly catalogs with very reasonable ties, ancient history. Free to Celator 810m , Christian prices and discounts issued for 24 years. readers. SASE appreciated. You'll be Byers, C.B. Corp. 23" CeQerlind, Tom "12 Francis J. Rath, Box 266, Youngstown, pleased. Prompt personal service. Albert Celator NY 14174. Leibs, Drawer460, Oriskany, NY 13424. ChrisHe's 3 Classical Numismatic Group Cover" Coen, Joel O. 42 STILL LOOKING for a special book COLLECTOR WANTS ancient coins Colosseum Coin Exchange 42 on ancient or foreign coi ns? We stock with any of the following words in Greek Cummings, John Ltd. 42 Oavissons lid. 42 ovcr 1000 different ti tles. Please write: or Lat in: Olympia, Pythia, isthmia, Ou~' . SanlOfd J. lid. 28 A. G. van der Dussen, Hondstraat 5, Nemea, Actia, Capitolia. Anthony Economopoolos Enterprises 43 Elsen, Jean SA 18 621 I HW, Maastricht, Netherlands. Milavic, 6861 Elm 51. #fIA, McLean, Empire Coins Inc. 41 VA 22 10 1. (703) 620·1 117. Greater New York Numismatic Conv. 46 Cornputcrfiling(IBM): List.Sort, Print Hamidi, Omar Havandjian, Viken M. " oul your collecti on. Easy, powerful, Connoisseurs a nd romantics will love Hellos Old World Antiquities " Sha re ware. $ 15 postpaid. Bob's, 100 Valentine Duval: an autobiography. Herman. David P. " Overlook, Willow Grove, PA 19090. Hu ston, Stephen M. 21,4"3 Non ~fic li on al ils very best! Send $ 19.95 tAPN 20 for your hardback copy to The Celator, Imperial Coins & Antiquities 35,42 Kern, Jonathan K. PARTHIA, ELYMA IS, SASANIAN P.O. Box 123, Lodi, W1 53555. M/Cand Kolbe, Gaorge Frederick " EM PIR E. My spring price list avai lable VISA ok. I

48 The Gelator .Let us introduce you to the fidd of C[assica[ :l{umismatics ...

'R.!-fUm to tfie very ongin of coinage at tfie allum of western civilization. 5Jamjre tlie das.sic 6eauty of fjreek.art reprt­ sen tea on coins from tlie 5tn and 4th centuries 'Be. 'Discover the joy of fiaruHing a signifi- ~ cant historiea[ mrityfrom th, " " " 1(pman 'Empire. 'Trace tlie ... ~' ~ devdopment ofJuaeo-Cliristian C. ~ \ '\I.' cu[ture tfirougfi greet. Jutfae­ ... n ~~ an, 'l\pman atu{'13yzantine ~j~~~~. ~ ~ ~ j coins. '.Delve into tlie myster· \< ~ \~I'J.!· ies of the 'lJa,k.51ges. 'Ymve( - tlie 5\{edicva[ worM witli tilt ~ ' coins of Cl1arfemagTu am{ Ii is successors. 'Discover tlie re6irtli of art tliTOugli tlie coins of tlie (ate midtffe ages. 'R.f.five tlie e;r.cite11lertt of'13n"tisli fiistory tfirougfi llie coinage of1Vj((wm tfie Conqueror ana :J{enry '1l1ll.

Classical Numismatic Group, Inc., one of America's leading classic:li coin finns, has been dealing exclusively in historical coins, and books about them, for fifteen years. Our staff. with over Write today for a complimentary copy of our quarterly journal, The one hundred years of combined numismmic experience, will help you C/aHica/ Nllmismatic Review, or buy a book listed below and start and build your collection. We arc ready and willing to help re<.:eiv e a/rce subscriptiun \0 our publications for one year! edue;!!e you about our field of historical coins.

(Fmn issue.' of the R,>"jew ami a ",i"i",,,,,, of rlll'u {IIICliOllS, (I $40 m'"c)

GREEK COINS & Their ROMAN COINS HYZANTINE COINS MEDIEVAL EUROPEAN Values - Volume 1 & 2 & Their Values & Their Values COINAGE - Volume I: V(lI'id R. Srar David R. St'ar David R. Sear The Early Middle Ages In two volumes, a thorough cata­ The mOST popular book ever pub­ The standard reference for Philip Grierson & logue of G re ek coins the average Mark Blackbllrn lished on Roman coins. Essential Byzantine numismatics. This collector is IllOst likcly to en­ monumental work encompasses one volume listing of th e major The first volume of what will counter. Nenrly 8000 coins are coins from the reigns of types from the first coins of the eventually become the defini­ listed. many with illustrations. Anastasius in 491 AD through tive work on medi eval coins. There are plenTy of mnps and a Republic in the third century BC the fall of Constantinople in Covers European Medieval list of values. Several expl,lIla­ until the beginning of the reign of 1453. Fully illustrated and coins of the 5th-10Th Century. Fully illustrated with excellent tory chapters help introduce the Anastasius in491 AD. priced, wiTh excellent maps and plenty of historical informati on. introdudory chapte rs covering collector to this fascinating field. Coins in gold, silvcr and bronze the numismatic history of each This work covers the first seven arc listed. A brief hisTory of each Great area for the beginning area. centuries of western coinage and nller is provided. Values arc collector, as th e coins are inexpensive and relatively easy A major contribution to is ,Ill excellent introduction to the listed. Excellent and informaTive numismatic scholarship. to acquire. field . guide. 7 1/2- , 10-.674 p,!",.lIlu'!l"OtC' Two "01""", •. S 31'" ,8 .1{O" 400 r.gel . IIlu""kd.l!ordc

ORDERING INFORMATION All orders are shipped postpaid by insured mail. PaymenTcan be made by check, money orde r or credit card. We accept VISA and MllstcrCard. Send all raised infonnation and ple~se include your daytime phone number. Allow two to fOllr weeks for delivery of books. Subscription orders are pro(essed and mniled upon receipt. CONSTANTINE XI The LAST coins available of the LAST Byzantine Emperor's LAST days

#83 - $13,500 #87 - $1 0,000 #88 . $15,000 #9 1 · $15,000 #96- $1 5,000 #100· $1 6.000

I.~ ,'.'j;- I1J (§!;\; .\\V!~ ~ 0,) ~ -. 10 ~ ~ ~ ~~ ~ r~J!1 #113 - $2, 000 #11 7-$2.200 #124 - $3,000 #125· $3,000 #127 -$3,500

...,.. . !. .:--. /. . -~ «-1\9)] ~ f ~ ... 1(1 ~_ ('(p~ ~:" . f('~ ~~ . (~ f~ i~~ cfj ' ,11\;' .' ~I.; ~ , '. • 2;1'/ <.. ~ #128-$1,550 #133 - $2.000 #135 - $4,500 #136-$3,000 # 138 - $3,500

~ - ~, .~:-- <'Ail'; "'*.£1 ,st <....~(4". \,~ ~ \....;.Il. ~~ #14 1 - $2,000 #145-$1,500 #150 · $3,000

J. BERK, LTD. 31 N. Clark Street, Chicago, Illinois 60602 ."" ...,,,,, "aHlSI~ ..\ (31 2) 609-0017 FAX: (312) 609-1309 . , ~" 1,MI\ MAm!\ I ," C'::.:\ <" HO' '" ' ~- #178