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American Numismatic Society 2014 Issue 3 AMERICAN NUMISMATIC ANS SOCIETY 2014 ISSUE 3 DEPARTMENTS FEATURES 5 From the Executive Director Ute Wartenberg Kagan 42 Collections 6 Elena Stolyarik The Art of Killing: Close Combat on German and Austrian 50 Book Review Medals of the Great War on the cover: Austria-Hungary, 1914. Peter van Alfen Bronze medal by Richard Adolf Zutt Oliver D. Hoover (ANS 0000.999.70545) 85 mm. 56 News 65 Development Eshel Kreiter and 4 Viviana Londono-Danailov The Newells: Two Big Personalities and an Enduring Legacy David Hill 22 Coming to America: Islamic Coins in the New World Oliver D. Hoover Contents 2 Contents ANS MAGAZINE Volume 13, Issue 3 From the Executive Director 2014 Ute Wartenberg Kagan Editor The American Numismatic Society Magazine is published Dear Friends and Members, Peter van Alfen four times a year by the American Numismatic Society. In my last letter to you, I reported about some recent Annual subscription rate is $72. Copies are mailed to all staff changes, and I am sorry to say that in this ANS Advertising Editor members of the ANS. Single copy is $18. Overseas airmail Magazine, we have yet more news about departures Joanne D. Isaac is an additional cost. A membership in the ANS includes a among our senior staff. On August 30th, our Deputy subscription to the magazine. To inquire about a subscription Director, Andrew Meadows, will leave the Society to Art Director please contact: ANS Magazine Subscription Dept. take up the position of Tutorial Fellowship and As- Lynn Cole (212) 571-4470 ext 117, [email protected]. All rights sociate Professorship in Ancient History at New Col- Andrew Meadows Anna Chang reserved. No part of this magazine or its cover may be repro- lege, Oxford, England. For the ANS, the staff and me Design duced without written consent of the copyright proprietor. personally, this is a great loss, as Andy is a wonderful we are today if it had not been for our own dedicated Rocco Piscatello Opinions expressed by contributors are not necessarily those colleague, who has helped build the ANS into the orga- teachers at Oxford. I am sure Andy will continue work- Piscatello Design Centre of the ANS. Printed in Mexico. nization which it is today. When he first arrived in 2007, ing with all of us at the ANS on our digitization and publication projects, and I wish him all the best for this Photographer The American Numismatic Society, organized in 1858 he was thrown in the midst of organizing the Society’s Alan Roche and incorporated in 1865 in New York State, operates as a building project and move to our current headquarters, new chapter of his life. research museum under Section 501(c)(3) of the Code and which resulted in the ANS moving its entire numismatic Contributing Staff is recognized as a publicly supported organization under collection in a single day. Subsequently, Andy took over I mentioned a further departure above, and I would Gilles Bransbourg section 170(b)(1)(A)(vi) as confirmed on November 1, 1970. the ANS publications, which had been somewhat lan- like to extend my warmest thanks to Anna Chang, Barry Bridgewater The original objectives of the ANS, “the collection and guishing, and turned them into one of the best academic our long-time Director of Finance, who has decided to Anna Chang preservation of coins and medals, the investigation of programs in numismatics. Over the last few years, retire on October 1. Anna has been instrumental in re- Peter Donovan matters connected therewith, and the popularization of digitization and the website have been a major focus organizing our books and straightening out numerous Ethan Gruber the science of Numismatics,” have evolved into the mission of Andy’s work; under his leadership, MANTIS, DO- administrative issues. During her tenure as Director Sebastian Heath ratified by the Society’s Board in 2003, and amended in 2007. NUM and ARCHER were launched, which now provide of Finance, our overall assets grew to over $46 million, David Hendin cutting-edge access to our various collections. What is and we are most grateful to her all the many hours of David Hill remarkable about Andy’s work is his hands-on approach hard work that she put into our Society. Oliver D. Hoover American Numismatic Society to all projects, which involves endless hours of editing at Joanne D. Isaac 75 Varick Street Floor 11 night, on airplanes or whenever he finds a free moment. The Society is only as strong and successful as its mem- Ute Wartenberg Kagan New York, NY 10013 On top of all his ANS work, Andy Meadows finished his bers and its staff. In recent years, we have been lucky to Viviana Londono-Danailov dissertation of the Greek mint of Alabanda, edited Coin have some extraordinary individuals working on behalf Andrew Meadows Telephone Hoards XI, and published dozens of articles. The ANS of all of us. I am delighted to announce that we have Alan Roche 212 571 4470 is very lucky that he has agreed to remain the Editor of found two extremely talented people to replace Andy and Elena Stolyarik the American Journal of Numismatics. He has also been Anna, and you can read about them in our News section. Peter van Alfen Telefax nominated as an ANS Trustee, which will keep him Rick Witschonke 212 571 4479 closely involved with our many activities. Lots of other good news for our members this summer, Matthew Wittmann and I just mention one in particular: Roger Siboni, Jack Internet For me personally, I shall miss a colleague and good Howes and Buell Ish won the prize for best book in the www.numismatics.org category of US coins at the Numismatic Literary Guild friend with whom I have worked for many years at the ANS and previously at the British Museum, where we Bash, and several other members received other honors. were both Curators of Greek Coins (yes, there were Many congratulations to everyone! two of us at the same time!). I am however very happy that Andy got a position, which he so clearly wanted With best wishes, and which will allow him to spread his extraordinary knowledge of ancient history, classics and numismatics to students. Those of us who were fortunate enough to attend Oxford know that gifted teachers such as Andy can make a huge difference in someone’s life. Both Ute Wartenberg Kagan Andy and I probably would not have ended up where Executive Director Indicia 4 5 From the Executive Director Facing page: German Empire, 1917. Lithograph poster by Walter Ditz for the play, “Der Hias: ein feldgraues Spiel” by Heinrich Gilardone. (Library of Congress LC-USZC4-11539) 119 x 81 cm THE ART OF KILLING: Close Combat on German and Austrian Medals of the Great War Peter van Alfen Introduction soldiers eagerly bashing away with rocks and clubs. Killing one’s fellow man is a fact of war, but the act Clearly there is dissonance between these portrayals itself is rarely depicted on the medallic art of the Great of primal violence, the one being roundly negative, the War (1914–1918), and those depictions that exist are other positive. What then was this positive message? rarely discussed. To be sure, depictions of killing in a And what was its source? broad sense are prevalent enough on WW I medals, but these images of (nude) allegorical warriors slaying Certainly, like most images of soldiers produced on beasts and Philistines are many steps removed from the both sides of the line, these drew upon collective desires miserable acts of human life-taking that occurred most to raise up every soldier as a courageous, lauded hero in every minute during the four years that the War lasted a mechanized war where so many of them were mowed (figs. 1–4).1 With some exceptions medallic art, and down helplessly en masse, their bodies and identities numismatics more broadly, has never been a medium obliterated and forgotten. The inscription on one of especially conducive to images of realistic, as opposed these medals, fig. 11, in fact, lionizes soldierly courage, to mythical gore and violence, so to see modern men underscoring the heroic status of Rupprecht, the Crown in the act of killing other men on medals gives cause Prince of Bavaria, who appears on the obverse. Even to pause. While a number of medals from both sides so the nasty violence of these images complicates this of the conflict illustrate aspects of WW I infantry reading, distracting even sympathetic viewers from combat, such as shelling, shooting from trenches, and seeing these club-wielding soldiers as anything close to lobbing grenades (figs. 5–10), all modes of modern heroic; they seem instead to be caught up in the vulgar mechanized fighting, there are as well a number of joy of smashing Allied soldiers to a pulp (e.g., fig. 13); medals that illustrate face-to-face killing, the type of or conversely they seem cornered, making a last stand combat that had defined warfare long before the 20th (e.g., fig. 16). Reading these images as heroic, then, century. Significantly, these latter medals come from requires looking beyond the medals to find the source only one side of the conflict, the Central Powers, and of the images and to parse their meaning in other some of the images are perplexing; these show German contexts. and Austrian soldiers wielding astonishingly primitive weapons: rocks or their rifles used as clubs (figs. 11–16). Surveying the visual media landscape of the Great War, At first glance these images would only seem to play which includes illustrated weeklies, postcards, posters, rather unwisely into stock Allied poster propaganda as well as medals, it is evident that the theme of kill- of German barbarism, with the Huns knifing, club- bing, and even crucifying their victims, whether enemy 1.
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