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Chec List Diversity of Trees and Lianas in Two Sites in the Coastal Atlantic

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Chec List Diversity of Trees and Lianas in Two Sites in the Coastal Atlantic Check List 10(4): 709–717, 2014 © 2014 Check List and Authors Chec List ISSN 1809-127X (available at www.checklist.org.br) Journal of species lists and distribution Diversity of trees and lianas in two sites in the coastal PECIES S OF João Pedro Souza-Alves 1,3*, Maria Regina de V. Barbosa 2 3 and Wm. Wayt Thomas 4 ISTS L Atlantic Forest of Sergipe, northeastern Brazil , Stephen F. Ferrari 1 Universidade Federal da Paraíba, Departamento de Sistemática e Ecologia, Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Biológicas (Zoologia), Cidade PUniaraíbaversitária, (PB), Brazil.CEP 58059-900. João Pessoa, Paraíba (PB), Brasil. 2 Universidade Federal da Paraíba, Departamento de Sistemática e Ecologia, Caixa Postal 5065, Cidade Universitária, CEP 58051-970. João Pessoa, 3 Universidade Federal de Sergipe, Departamento de Ecologia, Cidade Universitária Prof. José Aloísio de Campos, Av. Marechal Rondon, s/n Jardim Rosa Elze, CEP 49100-000. Sã[email protected] Cristóvão, Sergipe (SE), Brazil. 4 The New York Botanical Garden, Bronx, New York, 10458-5126, United States of America. * Corresponding author. E-mail: Abstract: Here, we report the diversity of trees and lianas in two fragments of coastal Atlantic forest in the Brazilian state and 28 families in the Junco forest. The diversity of lianas was similar between sites, with 16 species (10 families) being recordedof Sergipe. at We Trapsa, found and a total 11 species of 314 (9 trees families) in 86 atspecies Junco. and The 37 cluster families analyses in in thefound Trapsa distinct forest, patterns and 147 of spatial trees insimilarity 44 species for trees and lianas, possibly reflecting differences in species richness between these two life forms. Overall, the results indicate that remnants of the Atlantic coastal forest in Sergipe still harbor a significant diversity of plant species. DOI: 10.15560/10.4.709 Introduction Sergipe, Landim and Siqueira (2001) listed 469 species of vascular plants in a large fragment in the south, and Mittermeier et al. other studies (Vicente et al. 2005; Mendes et al. 2009; mayOne contain of the between 34 biodiversity one and eight hotspots percent ofidentified the world’s by Dantas et al. 2010; Lucena et al. 2010) pointed a varied species (Silva and Casteleti (2004), 2003) the Brazilian even though Atlantic only aroundForest, number of species (114, 552, 24, 193, respectively) in 11.4% to 16% of its original cover remains (Ribeiro et al. the Serra de Itabaiana, an ecotone where Atlantic forest 2009). The northernmost extreme of this biome stretches grades into Caatinga. More recently Prata et al. (2013), Rio Grande do Norte. Deforestation began in this region species and estimated that it represents 25% of the state’s in1,500 the kmearly along sixteenth the Atlantic century, coast shortly from aftersouthern its discovery Bahia to in the first volume of the Flora of Sergipe, treated 494 the extensive loss of habitat. This study presents new considerably during the twentieth century (Câmara 2003). dataflora. onClearly, the diversity more studies of woody are needed,plants in especially Sergipe, basedgiven by Portuguese explorers (Dean 1997) and intensified has been reduced to only 9% of its original extent (Santos, which are critical for the conservation of species such as In the state of Sergipe, the original Atlantic Forest cover on surveys conducted in two fragments of AtlanticCallicebus Forest et al. 2006). Nevertheless, these coimbrai Kobayashi and Langguth 1999 (Souza-Alves et fragments2009), distributed can play anin importantsmall (< 1000 role in ha) the andconservation isolated althe. 2011; endangered Souza-Alves Coimbra-Filho’s 2013) and the titi critically monkey, endangered offragments species at(Jerusalinsky a regional scale, as they can sustain diversity yellow-breasted capuchin, Sapajus xanthosternos Wied- and turnover (Arroyo-Rodríguez et al. 2009) as well as Neuwied 1826 (Beltrão-Mendes et al. 2011). Materials and Methods provide “steppinget al. (2012)stones″ estimated for the dispersal that approximately of organisms Study area 20,000within thespecies landscape of vascular(Anderson plants and Jenkins are found 2006). in the The study was conducted in two fragments of Forzza endemic. Surveys are available for a number of sites in 1), as part of a long-term study of the ecology of Callicebus Brazilian Atlantic Forest biome, of which around 40% are coimbraisemideciduous (Souza-Alves Atlantic 2010,Forest 2013;in Sergipe, Souza-Alves Brazil (Figure et al. 2008;the northern Amazonas Atlantic and BarbosaForest, in 2011; particular Barbosa in the et al.states 2011; of GadelhaParaíba (Oliveira-FilhoNeto and Barbosa and 2012)Carvalho and 1993; Bahia Barbosa (Thomas 1996; and 2011). One site is the Fazenda Trapsa (denominated here et al. 2008; Thomas et al. as Trapsa or FT), which is located in the municipality of 2008), although some data are also available from Alagoas Itaporanga d’Ajuda (11°12′00″ S, 37°14′0″ W) in southern (OliveiraCarvalho 1993;et al. 1997;2004), Amorim Pernambuco (Alves-Araújo et al. Sergipe, approximately 8 km from the coast. This area 2008; Melo et al. encompassingcomprises six fragments a total area of varying of approximately shapes, sizes 600 (two ha ≥ 15of 1990; Oliveira et al remaining≤ 50 ha, four forest. > 50 toIt is< 118set withinha), and an degrees anthropogenic of connectivity, matrix 2011), and Rio Grande do Norte (Freire . 2001; Cestaro and Soares 2008). For 709 Souza-Alves et al. | Tree and liana diversity in the Atlantic Forest of Sergipe Figure 1. Map showing the Callicebus coimbrai red outline is limit of each fragment and blue balls representing each sample plot. study sites in the Brazilian state of Sergipe: A) Fazenda Trapsa and B) Mata do Junco Wildlife Refuge. The 710 Souza-Alves et al. | Tree and liana diversity in the Atlantic Forest of Sergipe of abandoned pastures, reservoirs, and ponds. The relief is Results A total of 588 individuals were recorded in the 20 plots (Table 1). At Trapsa, the 318 trees represented 83 relativelyThe second flat (22.7 site is m the and Mata 96.4 do m Junco asl) and State the Wildlife soil contains Refuge species distributed in 39 families, whereas the 150 trees (denominateda significant amount here as of Junco sand andor MJ) clay in (Souza-Alves the municipality 2013). of registered at Junco were assigned to only 41 species in (9 families) of lianas at Trapsa, and 29 individuals and theCapela primary (10°32′00″ objective S, of37°03′30″ protecting W) the in headwaters eastern Sergipe of the 1224 families.species (8We families) recorded at 91 Junco. individuals Only one and endangered 17 species Lagartixo(Figure 1). River This andconservation the local unitpopulations was established of Callicebus with tree species was recorded at Trapsa, Inga suborbicularis coimbrai. Junco comprises two large forest fragments, but the present survey was conducted exclusively in the largest (World Conservation Monitoring Center 1998). remnant, which covers 522 ha. The altitude varies from (Fabaceae), categorized as Vulnerable in the IUCN Red List of 19 species, followed by Myrtaceae (8 spp.), Sapotaceae of silt than do those of Trapsa (Souza-Alves 2013). The Fabaceae was the richest family in Trapsa, with a total surrounding113 to 172 m matrix asl and is composedthe soil has of a sugarcane higher concentration plantations richest family at Junco, with six species, followed by and subsistence plots on smallholdings. Myrtaceae(6 spp.), and (4 spp.)Malvaceae and Moraceae (4 spp.). (3 Fabaceae spp.). More was than also 50% the The two sites have different levels of anthropogenic of the families in both sites were represented by a single disturbance. The studied fragment at MJ presents species. an advanced stage of forest regeneration with mean Trapsa,Fabaceae, where theyLecythidaceae, represented 55%Myrtaceae, of all the Sapotaceae, individuals diameter at breast height (10.7±9.7 cm) and height of recorded.and Arecaceae In Junco, were Lecythidaceae the five most comprised abundant almost families 14% at anthropogenictrees (10.7±5.1 disturbance m) higher than and at a higherTrapsa density(7.2±6.2 of cm lianas and of the individuals sampled, with Myrtaceae, Sapotaceae, 8.3±3.3 m, respectively)-1 vs that-1 atpresents MJ) (Souza-Alves a higher degree 2013). of Both sites are located within the same climate zone, slightly more than 33%. (940 ind/ha . 367 ind/ha et al. 2013), Fabaceae, and Melastomataceae together accounting for characterized by a rainy season between April and August, were the richest liana families at Trapsa. Despite classifiedand a dry as season As in the between Köppen Septembersystem (Alvares and March. The beingPolygonaceae represented (4 by species) only a andsingle Fabaceae species, (3the species) family Bignoniaceae was by far the most abundant at Trapsa, being represented by 42 individuals and, together with month.historic rainfall series in FT (2000–2010) was 127±79 mm/month and in MJ (2003–2011) was 112±100 mm/ the lianas recorded at this site. At Junco, Polygonaceae, Sampling design and analysis Bignoniaceae,Polygonaceae (27and individuals),Sapindaceae wereaccounted the onlyfor 76%families of Trees and lianas were surveyed in 10 plots of 0.01 ha represented by more than a single species, each with (1 m × 100 m) at each site. The plots were established two. Here, just over 34% of the lianas recorded in the randomly to provide a representative sample of the forest plots belonged to Polygonaceae, while Malpighiaceae and composition. A minimum distance of 500 m between plots was maintained in order to avoid pseudo-replication. At The cluster analyses found distinct patterns of spatial Trapsa, the plots were distributed among all six fragments, Dilleniaceae accounted each for 17% of the total. ). At betweensimilarity these for trees two groups.(Figure In2A) the and case lianas of trees, (Figure the 2B),two withJunco, one the plot 10 plots in each were of thedistributed two small throughout fragments the ≤ 15 largest ≥ 50 studypossibly sites reflecting were clearly the separateddifferences and, in inspecies most cases,richness the hafragment.
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