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Smithsonian Plant Collections, Guyana 1995–2004, H Smithsonian Institution Scholarly Press smithsonian contributions to botany • number 97 Smithsonian Institution Scholarly Press ASmithsonian Chronology Plant of MiddleCollections, Missouri Guyana Plain s 1995–2004,Village H. David Sites Clarke By Craig M. Johnson Carol L. Kelloff, Sara N. Alexander, V. A. Funk,with contributions and H. David by Clarke Stanley A. Ahler, Herbert Haas, and Georges Bonani SERIES PUBLICATIONS OF THE SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION Emphasis upon publication as a means of “diffusing knowledge” was expressed by the first Secretary of the Smithsonian. In his formal plan for the Institution, Joseph Henry outlined a program that included the following statement: “It is proposed to publish a series of reports, giving an account of the new discoveries in science, and of the changes made from year to year in all branches of knowledge.” This theme of basic research has been adhered to through the years by thousands of titles issued in series publications under the Smithsonian imprint, com- mencing with Smithsonian Contributions to Knowledge in 1848 and continuing with the following active series: Smithsonian Contributions to Anthropology Smithsonian Contributions to Botany Smithsonian Contributions to History and Technology Smithsonian Contributions to the Marine Sciences Smithsonian Contributions to Museum Conservation Smithsonian Contributions to Paleobiology Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology In these series, the Institution publishes small papers and full-scale monographs that report on the research and collections of its various museums and bureaus. The Smithsonian Contributions Series are distributed via mailing lists to libraries, universities, and similar institu- tions throughout the world. Manuscripts submitted for series publication are received by the Smithsonian Institution Scholarly Press from authors with direct affilia- tion with the various Smithsonian museums or bureaus and are subject to peer review and review for compliance with manuscript preparation guidelines. General requirements for manuscript preparation are on the inside back cover of printed volumes. For detailed submissions require- ments and to review the “Manuscript Preparation and Style Guide for Authors,” visit the Submissions page at www.scholarlypress.si.edu. smithsonian contributions to botany • number 97 Smithsonian Plant Collections, Guyana 1995–2004, H. David Clarke Carol L. Kelloff, Sara N. Alexander, V. A. Funk, and H. David Clarke WASHINGTON D.C. 2011 ABSTRACT Carol L. Kelloff, Sara N. Alexander, V. A. Funk, and H. David Clarke. Smithsonian Plant Collections, Guy- ana: 1995–2004, H. David Clarke. Smithsonian Contributions to Botany, Number 97: viii + 307 pages, 18 figures, 4 plates, 11 maps, 2011.—Part I provides the collector’s notes on trips with maps in chronological order. Part II lists collection localities, with collection number ranges, habitat descriptions, geographic coor- dinates, and assisting collectors. Part III lists collections in numerical order with identifications and authors. Part IV lists collections ordered by determined name. Cover image: Central and eastern pinnacles of the Mount Wokomung Massif. Photograph by H. David Clarke. All photographs by H. David Clarke, except as noted, courtesy of the Smithsonian Institution’s Biological Diversity of the Guiana Shield Program. Published by SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION SCHOLARLY PRESS P.O. Box 37012, MRC 957 Washington, D.C. 20013-7012 www.scholarlypress.si.edu Text and images in this publication may be protected by copyright and other restrictions or owned by indi- viduals and entities other than, and in addition to, the Smithsonian Institution. Fair use of copyrighted mate- rial includes the use of protected materials for personal, educational, or noncommercial purposes. Users must cite author and source of content, must not alter or modify content, and must comply with all other terms or restrictions that may be applicable. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Smithsonian plant collections, Guyana : 1995–2004, H. David Clarke / Carol L. Kelloff . [et al.]. p. cm. — (Smithsonian contributions to botany ; no. 97) Includes bibliographical references. 1. Botany—Catalogs and collections—Guyana. 2. Plants—Guyana—Classification. 3. Plant collecting— Guyana. I. Kelloff, Carol Lynn, 1954– II. Clarke, H. D. III. Smithsonian Institution. Biological Diversity of the Guianas Program. IV. Series: Smithsonian contributions to botany ; no. 97. QK267.S655 2012 581.9881074'753—dc23 2011027069I ISSN: (print) 0081-024X; (online) 1938-2812 The paper used in this publication meets the minimum requirements of the American National Standard for Perma- nence of Paper for Printed Library Materials Z39.48–1992. Contents LIST OF FIGURES v LIST OF MAPS vi INTRODUCTION by V. A. Funk and C. L. Kelloff 1 The Biological Diversity of the Guiana Shield Program 1 H. David Clarke Biosketch 3 Format of Collection Information 5 References 6 Acknowledgments 7 Contributors of Identifications 7 Collections of Special Interest 11 I. EXPEDITION NARRATIVES AND MAPS 21 Trip 1: Iwokrama Rainforest Reserve 21 Trip 2: Iwokrama Rainforest Reserve 24 Trips 3–4: Mabura Hill; CEIBA Environmental Center 25 Trips 5–6: Paruima and Paramakatoi 25 Trip 7: Iwokrama International Rainforest Reserve 29 Trip 8: Eastern Kanuku Mountains 31 Trip 9: Kuyuwini River 31 Trip 10: Iwokrama International Rainforest Reserve 33 Trip 11: Gunn’s Strip, Chodikar, Kamoa, and Upper Essequibo Rivers 35 Trip 12: Kwitaro and Upper Rewa Rivers 38 Trip 13: Iwokrama International Rainforest Reserve 41 Trip 14: Kuyuwini and Kassikaityu Rivers 41 Trip 15: Waukauyengtipu and Paruima 44 Trip 16: Kwitaro and Rewa Rivers and eastern Kanuku Mountains and Makarapan Mountain 46 Trip 17: Acarai Mountains–Sipu River 47 Trip 18: Wassari Mountains, Upper Takutu–Upper Essequibo Region (Region 9) 49 iv • SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY Trip 19: Mount Ayanganna, Potaro–Siparuni Region (Region 8) 51 Trip 20: Mount Wokomung, Potaro–Siparuni Region (Region 8) 54 Trip 21: Central Suriname Nature Reserve 57 Trips 22–23: Mount Maringma, Wayalayeng Village, Georgetown 60 II. COLLECTING LOCALITIES 61 Trip 1: Iwokrama Rainforest Reserve 61 Trip 2: Iwokrama Rainforest Reserve 62 Trips 3–4: Mabura Hill; CEIBA Environmental Center 64 Trips 5–6: Paruima and Paramakatoi 64 Trip 7: Iwokrama Rainforest Reserve 65 Trip 8: Eastern Kanuku Mountains 67 Trip 9: Kuyuwini River 68 Trip 10: Iwokrama 69 Trip 11: Gunn’s Strip, Chodikar, Kamoa, and Upper Essequibo Rivers 70 Trip 12: Kwitaro and Upper Rewa Rivers 72 Trip 13: Iwokrama 73 Trip 14: Kuyuwini and Kassikaityu Rivers 74 Trip 15: Waukauyengtipu and Paruima 75 Trip 16: Kwitaro and Rewa Rivers and Eastern Kanuku Mountains and Makarapan Mountain 77 Trip 17: Acarai Mountains–Sipu River 79 Trip 18: Wassari Mountains, Upper Takutu–Upper Essequibo Region (Region 9) 81 Trip 19: Mount Ayanganna, Potaro–Siparuni Region (Region 8) 83 Trip 20: Mount Wokomung, Potaro–Siparuni Region (Region 8) 84 Trip 21: Central Suriname Nature Reserve 86 Trips 22–23: Mount Maringma, Wayalayeng Village, Georgetown 88 Trip 23: Georgetown 90 III. COLLECTIONS BY NUMBER 91 IV. COLLECTIONS BY DETERMINED TAXA 253 PLATES 299 INDEX 303 Figures Figure A. Dilkea clarkei Feuillet (Passifloraceae). vii Figure B. Davilla kunthii A. St. Hill (Dilleniaceae). viii 1. The Guiana Shield. 2 2. H. David Clarke. 4 3. Brassavola martiana Lindl. (Orchidaceae), Clarke 1366. 30 4. Brassavola sp. (Orchidaceae), Clarke 2760. 35 5. Loading the Wai Wai dugout canoes at Gunn’s Strip. 37 6. Marifa Waruwanaru and Wachana Yaymochi making paddles at Chodikar River camp. 38 7. Hymenocallis tubiflora Salisb. (Liliaceae), Clarke 3475. 39 8. Mollia glabrescens Benth. (Tiliaceae), Clarke 3572. 40 9. Miles (Wapishana) and Romeo Williams (Arawak), negotiating the rapids below the Great Falls of the Rewa River. 40 10. Odontadenia geminata (Hoffmanns. ex Roem. and Schult.) Müll. Arg. (Apocynaceae), Clarke 4411. 44 11. Heliamphora nutans Benth. (Sarraceniaceae). 46 12. Umana Yana (meeting house), Gunn’s Strip. 49 13. Lorostemon bombaciflorum Ducke (Clusiaceae), Clarke 7160. 49 14. Monstera adansonii Schott (Araceae), Clarke 8425. 51 15. Kaieteur Falls from Johnson’s View. 55 16. Stephen Stern, Josh Kelly, Claudius Perry, Diana Gittens, Erin Tripp, and David Clarke. 57 Maps 1. Collecting localities, Trips 1–3. 22 2. Collecting localities, Trips 4 and 23. 26 3. Collecting localities, Trips 5 and 15. 27 4. Collecting localities, Trips 6–7. 28 5. Collecting localities, Trips 8–9. 32 6. Collecting localities, Trips 10 and 13. 34 7. Collecting localities, Trips 11–12. 36 8. Collecting localities, Trips 14 and 16. 42 9. Collecting localities, Trips 17–18. 48 10. Collecting localities, Trips 19, 20, and 22. 52 11. Collecting localities, Trip 21. 58 FIGURE A. Dilkea clarkei Feuillet (Passifloraceae) from Feuillet, 2010. Illustrations by Alice Tangerini, Department of Botany, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution. FIGURE B. Davilla kunthii A. St. Hill (Dilleniaceae), prepared for the Aymard and Kelloff, manuscript, Dilleniaceae. Flora of the Guianas. Illustrations by Alice Tangerini, Department of Botany, National Mu- seum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution. Smithsonian Plant Collections, Guyana: 1995–2004, H. David Clarke INTRODUCTION V. A. Funk and C. L. Kelloff THE BIOLOGICAL DIVERSITY OF THE GUIANA SHIELD PROGRAM The Biological Diversity of the Guiana Shield (BDG) program is a field- oriented program of the Smithsonian Institution’s (SI) National
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