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Durham E-Theses Durham E-Theses Auguste Barbier: Sa Vie et son oeuvre Rowlandson, Jessie How to cite: Rowlandson, Jessie (1942) Auguste Barbier: Sa Vie et son oeuvre, Durham theses, Durham University. Available at Durham E-Theses Online: http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/8388/ Use policy The full-text may be used and/or reproduced, and given to third parties in any format or medium, without prior permission or charge, for personal research or study, educational, or not-for-prot purposes provided that: • a full bibliographic reference is made to the original source • a link is made to the metadata record in Durham E-Theses • the full-text is not changed in any way The full-text must not be sold in any format or medium without the formal permission of the copyright holders. Please consult the full Durham E-Theses policy for further details. Academic Support Oce, Durham University, University Oce, Old Elvet, Durham DH1 3HP e-mail: [email protected] Tel: +44 0191 334 6107 http://etheses.dur.ac.uk AU&USTB BAlBiaR C3 ea cs ICS ca <9 es c9 po ts) ^ o C3 tocA SA YIB et SQM QaUTOBo • I II r • - ir II - -|--Ti ca C3 «» E9 ca a R3 C3 es ca •» C3 C3 «o 133 eb <^ sented for the degree of Ph, of Durham UniTersity Dy Thesis pre Jessie Rowlandsons Eeville's Cross College, Durham o Aprilo 1942. TOMS; Ic WW Augusts Barbier._3a vie et son oeuvrs. (Thesis presented fo* the degree of Ph. D. of Durham University by- Jessie Rowlandson, Seville's Cross College, Durham.) The thesis constitutes a study of the life and work of the French poet, Henry-Augustd Barbier, {1805-1882, ) examined in their relations to each other and to the age in which the writer lived. After a preliminary chapter on the family and home life of Barbier, his education, his training as a student of law, and his first introd• uction t4 literary circles, the lambes. (1832,) his greatest, and first published work of any importance, have been studied in detail. Their influence eft the age has been emphasised, their literary importance revealed. This is the high point of Barbier's career. Coming as^^^does so early in his life, an• attempp has been made to throw into sharp contrast the increasing mediocrity of the works which follow. Two volumes of verse, 11 Pianto.4l8Sg.) Lazare,(1837,) inspired by visits to Italy and England respectively, claimed considerable attentiotij and the q.uestion of Italian and English influences generally on the young poet proved a fruitful field of research. After 1840 Barbier's life is rarely relieved from the monotony of the bourgeois ease his increased fortune now permits; and though the works which follow Lazare are numerous, rarely has the genius and ehthusiasm of the poet's youth revealed itself afresh. Almost all literary genres are represented in thisi^ later work, poems, short stories, travel, literary and artistic criticism, memoirs, translations^ moral observations. Much of his work was published in his lifetime; muwh also remaj*ined for posthumous publication by the poet's literary executors. Barbier's iifeo apas't Srm lioliie^s, uas sp©at ija Pas'iS;, aovos' vo^y fas? from th© ^mi ifelaQ.uai0 whsr© he ?/as l)»ra. His tastes agpoap to Slave b©ea flii£apl0, Ms maimer modfst and tmasBTaialag. Mong his f^leads lae ootmtefi Bom& ©f the aost famoms men of his des^, uh© appear to havo admired him, and to hav® found ia hiia t© th© end that grsatases vjhieh had e2?eat9d the iagbes. fo th© er&ti© he ia a litomrgr riddlos tho genius of a sia§i® da^ aiad a s^Bgl® produetio^i, who afte? tho forvoxiS' aad ©athusiasm of the i8S0 Sevolutlom in Peris sasaJs into an i3?rotri9'?ablQ aedioerity. AVAJil^PRQPQS, On retrouve encore de nos jours le nom d'Auguste Barbier dans les anthologies de la poesie frangaise du dix-neuvieme siecle: meme dans des volumes representatifs des grands noma de la poesie frangaise en gene'ral, I'Idole. La Curee. ou Mlchel-Anfee sont souvent Juges dignes d'une place parmi les poemes de 1'epoq.ue romantiq.ue, Et cependant, combien d'etudiants de cette meme epogue reconnaitraient le nom dUuguste Barbier? Combien de ses contemporains meme, a part ses amis ou ses connaissances plus ou moins intimes, se sont rendu compte q.ue la carriers de I'auteur des lambes ne s'est nullement terminee avec I'appa- rition de ce volumSj et q.ue cet Auguste Barbier dont le nom ornait la couverture de tel ou tel volume paraissant au cours du aiecle, n^etait autre "c^ue l''auteur des vers retentissants que tous avaient appris en classej, et (lui les faisaient tous frissonner encore? 0 Corse a cheveux plat si q^xe ta France etait belle Au grand soleil de Messidorl Cetait une cavale indomptable et rebelle, Sans frein d'acier ni r^nes d'or.... A part I'eaigme de cette reputation dechue., enigme q.ue je vais tacher de resoudre j le sujet |.ue j'entreprends dans cette etude offre un inter^t particulier en ce cLu'il touche a presq.ue tout le dix-neuvieme siecle litterairoj avec ses enthousiasraes et ses contradictions, ses theories changeantes et ses ecales nettement definies. Auguste Barbier a veeu pendant soixante-q.uinze ans de oe siecle varie; ne sous le regime napoleonien, il se rappelle les guerres de cette epoq.ue; ses debuts litteraires ont coincide avec la peripde de pleine floraison de I'e'cole romantiaue. Parisien, il a pu se lier de bonne heure avec les grands hommes du jour, dans les milieux litteraires, artistiq_ues, musica^UiVji II a eu le "bonheur de se faire une renommee pendant q.ue la fievre roman- tiq.ue etait a son comble, et il l^a gardee. pendant un certain temps^ Nous voyons par ses yeux les evenements politiq.ues de 1'epoq.uey depuis la Revolution de Juillet cLUi a fait naitre son genie, Jus^u^a celle de 1848 q_uand il a represente le garde-national de juste-railieu, a la recherche du regime de I'ordre et de la paix» II a vu avec degout le Coup d'Etat de 1851; avec un degoui mBle de dojaleur^ ce Q.u*il fallait en 1870 pour detruire cet Empire g.u'il detestait; et pendant une douzaine d'annees encore, il a pu assister aux debuts de la Troisieme Republiq.ue, a la defaite de laq.uelle nouS-memes en 1940 venons d'assister, A I'interet offert par cette vue d'un sieole trouble commente par un esprit ^in et cultive, se tenant pou:b la plupart d'un cote, en spectateur modere et desinteresse, il s'ajoute un autre, bien plus grand encorej, et tout personnel a Barbier lui-meme, II s'agit de cette curieuse reputation litteraire, de cette renommee Q.u'on ne saurait exagerer en 1830; les lambes ont captive 1'imagination de leur generation, et n'ont ete suivis quQ du desillusionnement du public litteraire, et de I'oubli profondo Barbier etait un des grands noms de 1830, un veritable prodige, le sati^- riq.ue de I'ecale romantiq.ue, le Juvenal de la France. En 1870 on I'avait oublie a un tel point g.u'au moment de sa candidature a I'Academie, on ne pouvait croire c^ue ce fut vraiment lui; on le jugeait depuis longtemps mort et enterrel Mon but principal a ete de ressusciter cette ancienne grandeur, d^en preciser le caractere, de rappeler a I'etudiant de la litterature fran^aise les merites de ces oeuvres de jeune debutant gui ont fait histoire, et ensuite d'expliguer, par un examen de la vie et de I'oeuvre du poete des lambes ^les raisons de la perte totale de cette 3e reputation singulierej^ A CLuel point la vie de plus en plus retire'e de Barbier a-t-elle influe sur son oeuvre? Lesq.uels representent le vrai esprit du poete, des lambes et du Planto, ou des buvrages fort inferieurs de sa maturite et de sa vieillesse? La critiq.ue de son temps 6t a-t-elle eu raison de declarer q.ue ce n'est q.ue le "genie d'un jour" frappe d'un coup du soleil de Juillet, mais bientot restaure au calme de la mediocrite? Je ne pretends pas avoir pu assembler dans cette etude du materiel.- nouveau; c'egt plutot vers une psesentation nouvelle des faits^ q.ui accilentuerait certains aspects de Barbier juscLu'ici ignores, gus fbes efforts ont ete diriges. Certains faits sont nouveaux; mais pour la plupart, raon travail a consiste a recuaillir des mentions^ des incidents, etff.g qui avaient. du rapport a mon gujet, mais Q.ui n^avaient jamais ete ainsi recueillis.. Autant q.ue je sache, la mienne est la premiere etude detaillee de la vie et de I'oeuvre d'Auguste Barbier. La vie n'a certai- nement pas ete etudiee dans le detail, meme par M, Charles Gamier, dont la preface a 1* edit ion anglaise dea lambes et Poemes (1907) est I'e'tude la plus complete qu'il y ait eue jusq.u'ici. L'oeuvre de Barbier non plus, Les laabes et II Plants mis a part, n'a pas, a q.uel(iues exceptions pres, suscite la curiosite ou I'interet des critiiiues, J'ai eu done, pour ainsi dire, libre carriere; tout etait a dire, ou plutot a redire; et j'ai essaye surtout de rasseibler et d^arjaftgeir-res faits divers dont il s'est agi d'une maniere i^ui les ferait ressortir dans leurs justes proportions.
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