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Space Alert Volume IV, Issue 4 – October 2016

ORF Quarterly on Space Affairs

CONTENTS FROM THE MEDIA FROM THE MEDIA COMMENTARIES • In a first, PSLV launches eight into • ISRO’s Mars Mission Successful, India two different orbits Space Expo 2016: Highlights and Makes History • ISRO sets the ball rolling for Mars Mission-2 Recommendations • ISRO Inks Deal with China for Space • ISRO planning record 68 satellites launch next By Narayan Prasad • India Offers Outer Space Expertise to year The ISRO leadership is also keen on Bangladesh • ISRO-PRL's observatory at Mt Abu to track handholding the private sector to meet this • U.S. Dismisses Space Weapons Treaty space junk rising demand. The private industry is Proposal as “Fundamentally Flawed” gradually being upgraded to build satellites • ESA gives final approval for Ariane 6; • NASA Plans to Send Submarine to and launch them without particular input from Safran Launchers now in control ISRO. Saturn’s Moon • China's satnav industry grows 29 pct in 2015

India Operationalises the GSLV •OPINIONS National Space AND Policy ANALYSIS adopted by UAE Cabinet • Startup LeoSat Secures Customer for By Vidya Sagar Reddy The operationalisation of the GSLV signals High-Speed Trading ISRO’s confidence in the indigenously •NEW Vector PUBLICATIONS Space Systems plans 2018 first flight of developed cryogenic technology after a series small launch vehicle of failures and uneventful situations. This launch opens a multitude of opportunities to OPINIONS AND ANALYSES India in terms of economy, security and innovation. NEW PUBLICATIONS

A Common Space Forum for Asia: Should India take the lead? EDITORIALCOMMENTARIES BOARD By Pranaav Gupta Given India’s proven space-faring capabilities Editor: Dr. Rajeswari Pillai Rajagopalan and the prestige with which its space achievements are looked at, the potential for Associate Editor: Vidya Sagar Reddy such a forum to solve “real problems of man and society” is truly vast.

1 Bangalore Space Expo 2016: Highlights ISRO to utilise the country’s space and Recommendations capabilities.

Narayan Prasad The ISRO leadership is also keen on handholding the private sector to meet this The fifth edition of the biennial Bangalore rising demand. The private industry is Space Expo was held in September 2016 at gradually being upgraded to build satellites Bangalore. It was organised by the Indian and launch them without particular input from Space Research Organisation (ISRO), its ISRO. It had recently floated a Request of commercial arm Limited Interest (RoI) for satellite integration at ISRO and the Confederation of Indian Industry (CII) Satellite Centre (ISAC) by the private sector. with France being the partner country. It ISRO Chairman mentioned that there has been featured delegates from 12 countries and an overwhelming response for the recent RoI attracted over 3,200 business visitors. from the private sector with more than 40 companies submitting their bids to participate On the opening day, ISRO Chairman informed in building satellites. that that the country has a constellation of 34 satellites fulfilling earth observation, International Participation communication, navigation, and other space science requirements of the country. He Apart from France being the partner country remarked that, “this is significantly short, and for the Space Expo, the event also witnessed we need to at least double the number of major participation with delegations arriving satellites to give reasonable service to the from Switzerland and Australia. Heads of country. Launch capability must be enhanced, major industries, space start-ups, small and and satellite building must be made faster to medium enterprises, academia formed part of get optimal use of space services. We have set these delegations. A Swiss Pavilion was in process, we still have a long way to go hosted at the Bangalore Space Expo with a because today we are not able to increase our special Innovation Pitch event held during the launch frequency because the supply chain conference to present Swiss product and that exists today is still inadequate to meet our service innovations. Similarly, demand.” Association of Australia (SIAA) trade delegation arranged and supported by the Opportunities for the Private Sector Australian Consulate in Chennai participated in the conference to showcase the interest in This increase in demand is primarily driven by collaboration for . the Centre and State governments, which have realised the need for space technology in Start-ups Session planning and executing various projects. Interestingly, only 20 central government The conference provided critical engagement departments were witnessed to be using space opportunities for space start-ups from India technology in the first 35 years of its and abroad. A lightning talk by Bengaluru- development in the country. At present, over based start-up Astrome Technologies founded 60 central government departments and all by alumni of the Indian Institute of Science state governments are now working with showcased their plans of a space network of

2 150 small, internet-friendly high-throughput significance of Indian companies satellites covering the globe by 2020. A cooperating with foreign companies. follow-up panel saw participation from other • The CII should promote Indian SMEs in Indian start-ups including Team Indus, Dhruva the space industry by instituting awards Space and international start-ups including in different categories like: Planet Labs (USA), Innovative Solutions in Space (The Netherlands) and HEIG-VD o Best SME (Switzerland). o Best Space Spin-off Follow Up to the Space Expo 2016 o Best Space Start-up • The CII should also promote the The CII has formed a task force of leading participation of Indian industry along companies to chart out a roadmap for with ISRO in the largest space developing a space ecosystem in the country. conference of the world – the A tentative committee of 15 public and private International Astronautical Congress. sector companies met during the Space Expo The Space Expo awards can be utilised to discuss a broad agenda. The committee as benchmarks for choosing the includes representatives of established and industries that will be allowed to travel prospective suppliers of India’s space viz., with ISRO to this Congress for Godrej , Tata Advanced Systems showcasing their products and services. Ltd, Tata Advanced Materials Ltd, Mahindra • Aerospace, L&T, Reliance Space, Astra Include the debate on regulatory issues Microwave and a few Bengaluru ventures. It is in the Bangalore Space Expo and invite pegged that an expanded committee of legal experts in the country to discuss decision makers will meet regularly under the relevant issues with industry and agency lead of Antrix Corporation Ltd. to come up officials. with an action plan to create a solid, • Help start a directory of space independent space industry base likewise in companies, capabilities, etc. which can the U.S. and . be easily accessible to the international market in order to promote the ease of Recommendations for Space Expo 2018 doing business.

• Introduce the culture of closing commercial Narayan Prasad is a co-founder of Dhruva deals and MoUs for cooperation (both Space, a Bengaluru based NewSpace locally and globally) during the Space company established in 2012 with a vision Expo. to lead the turnkey satellite development industry in India. He can be reached • Release an annual report on the ‘State of @cosmosguru the Indian Space Industry’, which can draw a lot of inspiration from similar practices from the international space industry to provide an overview of the current (Back to Contents) capabilities of ISRO and the industry. This

can also be an opportunity to showcase the

3 India Operationalises the GSLV engine technology is a closely guarded secret of advanced spacefaring countries. With the Vidya Sagar Reddy Polar (PSLV) The recent successful launch of satisfying the launch requirements of India’s Geosynchronous Launch Vehicle (GSLV) is a remote sensing satellites, ISRO began to focus milestone in India’s space programme. This is on cryogenic engine development for the first operational flight of the GSLV with launching the communications satellites an indigenous cryogenic engine upper stage indigenously under the GSLV programme. helping India reduce its dependence on foreign India was thus far reliant on Ariane launch launch vehicles. The history behind India vehicle to meet this requirement. finally mastering the cryogenic technology is In 1990s, ISRO signed an agreement with the evidence of the determination of Indian Space Russian space directorate to Research Organisation’s (ISRO) efforts at transfer Russian cryogenic engine technology indigenisation. to India. Citing India’s missile development The cryogenic science is the art of liquefying programme, the imposed Missile gases like Hydrogen and Oxygen. Oxygen Technology Control Regime sanctions on both liquefies at -183C and Hydrogen at -252.9C. ISRO and Glavkosmos in 1992. India argued Hydrogen has low molecular weight and burns against the sanctions saying that the with high intensity while oxygen is one of the technology is intended for civilian space easily available oxidising agents. A cryogenic programme and is not suitable for meeting rocket engine using these liquefied gases ballistic missile requirements. provides more thrust for every kilogram of However, decided to suspend the initial fuel consumed when compared to other contract and forged a new one in 1994 where propellants, raising the payload capacity of the India would simply buy the cryogenic engines launch vehicle. The liquefaction process also without any transfer of technology. This increases the density of these gases allowing episode is by far the lowest point in India-US them to be stored in smaller containers on- space relationship as it pushed back the board rockets. development of GSLV forcing India to Communications satellites that need to be continue to rely on foreign launchers. placed in the geostationary orbit and other India finally bought Russian engines but heavier satellites including planetary probes decided to kick start the indigenous are launched using these engines. The Saturn development of this technology. The GSLV is V launch vehicle that placed humans on the designated Mark I when these engines were moon and the space shuttle in addition to used and Mark II when the indigenous engines Delta IV, , Long March 5 uses are utilised. The Mark I launches offered India cryogenic engines. more failures than successes. India started Designing a cryogenic engine that can flight testing the indigenous cryogenic upper withstand the structural pressure and heat stage in 2010. This first development flight emanating from the combustion of these fuels was a failure but the subsequent tests in 2014 involves sophisticated engineering and and 2015 were successful leading to the first material science. Therefore, the cryogenic successful operational flight of Mark II version in September 2016.

4 India is now gearing to launch at least two vehicles meant for carrying heavier payloads GSLVs per year and has already lined up and possibly human space missions. Satellite for SAARC as well as Chandrayaan 2 as payloads. More successful flights will help The GSLV’s launch capacity to low and India establish a track record in this payload medium earth orbits enhances India’s capacity segment required for entering the capability to build and launch advanced international market. Along with the PSLV’s Intelligence, Surveillance and Reconnaissance capacity to place 1,750 kg into a 600 km orbit, satellites, especially electronic intelligence and India could offer GSLV capable of launching missile warning sensors. It is imperative to 5,000 kg to low earth orbit. This capacity is possess situational awareness across India’s especially critical as the Cubesat standard border, air and maritime spaces in addition to continues to disrupt the traditional business providing updated information to assets models of satellite manufacturing and launch deployed outside the territorial limits for services. safeguarding national interests and security.

University students now have access to The plans to increase the frequency of PSLV commercial-off-the-shelf satellite components (especially with commercialisation efforts) for building demonstrator missions while and GSLV flights puts into perspective the many entrepreneurs now look at small construction of second vehicle assembly satellites for their business needs in weather building and the desire for a third launch pad. forecasting, imaging, navigation etc. Both The second vehicle assembly building will space and non-space commercial entities like allow ISRO simultaneously assemble three OneWeb, Google and Facebook are vying to launch vehicles in total while the third launch launch hundreds of small satellites into low pad will help distribute the workload between earth orbit for providing internet across the the three launch pads. The third launch pad is globe. Outer space is providing the common also designed for launching heavier vehicles platform for the world opening to knowledge than GSLV Mark II. economy. The operationalisation of the GSLV signals India’s PSLV has already launched small ISRO’s confidence in the indigenously satellites from a few countries even as ISRO is developed cryogenic technology after a series experimenting with different technologies for of failures and uneventful situations. This expanding the scope of the launch vehicle in launch opens a multitude of opportunities to this market. ISRO had successfully restarted India in terms of economy, security and the fourth stage (liquid fuelled) of this launch innovation. This achievement saves India’s vehicle enabling it target multiple orbits. The precious foreign reserves as well as showcases GSLV will also need to prove this capability the country’s technological might to the world. to take advantage of the emerging small Vidya Sagar Reddy is a research assistant in satellite market in addition to launching the Nuclear & Initiative of the heavier interplanetary probes. Observer Research Foundation, New Delhi. The operationalisation of this launch vehicle He can be reached @avs_reddy will allow ISRO to concentrate its resources (Back to Contents) on building the next generation launch

5 A Common Space Forum for Asia: India must show the ability to harness the Should India take the lead? power of the dawn of the Asian century. The fact that such space cooperation not only Pranaav Gupta benefits India but also Asia is undeniable.

Vikram Sarabhai, the legendary Indian The status quo of space cooperation in Asia physicist who is credited as the father of the presents a bifurcated structure, shaped by the Indian space program, has said, “there are two distinctive cooperation initiatives - Asia- some who question the relevance of space Pacific Space Cooperation Organization activities in a developing nation. To us, there (APSCO) and Asia-Pacific Regional Space is no ambiguity of purpose. We do not have Agency Forum (APRSAF) led by China and the fantasy of competing with the Japan respectively. According to Professor economically advanced nations in the Kazuto Suzuki, these two organizations were exploration of the moon or the planets or created due to rivalry between Japan and manned space-flight. But we are convinced China but they have no substantive gains to that if we are to play a meaningful role their credit. nationally, and in the comity of nations, we must be second to none in the application of Having said that, the important question that advanced technologies to the real problems of arises now is that, given the fact that the ISRO man and society.” is already doing a commendable job with regard to space cooperation – having The Indian Space Research Organisation has agreements with more than 57 countries – will come a long way since the days of Dr. a new India led space forum really be in Sarabhai now not only competing with India’s interest? advanced nations such as Japan, the United States and other European countries but is also I would argue that India’s successful efforts in launching their satellites. As India embarks on distributing the benefits of space technology this new journey in space, it cannot be a more for socio-economic development of the opportune moment to advocate for the country, the operational directive set by Dr. possibility of a new Asia-Pacific Space , is a strong evidence for Forum. India creating an alternative formal space forum that will institutionalize such Given India’s proven space-faring capabilities cooperation. This forum should focus on space and the prestige with which its space research and development to drive innovation. achievements are looked at, the potential for International cooperation is not only important such a forum to solve “real problems of man but has become a necessity. and society” is truly vast. There is a need to add a semblance of normalcy to outer-space. The recent agreement between China’s India has the moral position and the technical President Xi Jingping and India’s Prime know-how to go about doing this. Minister Narendra Modi to pledging to cooperate in space exploration is a good sign. The most important question that emerges Whether this initiative can overcome decades now is whether India has the political will to of mistrust and help lead the region out of its advocate for the creation of such a forum. current hostility remains to be seen. In light of

6 these developments, it is opportune for India enhanced foreign policy stature, a diplomatic to ensure that common interests are forum will provide an opportunity for aggregated and expressed via an India-led developing countries to collaborate with India Asia Pacific Regional Space Forum. via the process of a formal institutional architecture. India that adheres to the peaceful Further, in 2012, the then DRDO chief V.K. uses of outer space and international Saraswat emphasized a defensive strategy for cooperation has an ideal opportunity to take India in the space domain. Sticking to the the lead in such an organisation. principle of “non weaponisation,” Dr. Saraswat projected the view that space security entails the creation of a gamut of capabilities including the protection of Pranaav Gupta is a fourth year law student at satellites, communications and navigation the West Bengal National University of systems and denying the enemy the use of Juridical Sciences, Kolkata. He has keen their own space systems. It is the creation and interest in Space Law and is presently the protection of these capabilities that require conducting research on the feasibility of an India-led space forum. creating an alternative common space forum for Asia. He can be reached at At the last SAARC Summit in Kathmandu, [email protected] India offered to launch a communications satellite for the benefit of all South Asian nations called Satellite for SAARC. This idea for a common satellite, however, was turned down by Pakistan arguing that the satellite (Back to Contents) should be SAARC-led as against India’s gifting. Nevertheless, India decided to launch the satellite this year that will mutually benefit the remaining SAARC countries in tele- education, tele-medicine and for responding to natural disasters.

It can be argued that the Asia Pacific forum that is being mooted must also avail India more opportunities to focus on its neighborhood countries. In addition to the SAARC satellite, India can propose more collaborative projects like developing Data

Reception, Tracking and Telemetry stations in the neighborhood using the proposed forum.

While there is no doubt that the ISRO is playing a pivotal role in contributing to India’s

7 FROM THE MEDIA

In a first, PSLV launches eight satellites successfully conducted from into two different orbits Space Centre SHAR, Sriharikota.

The rocket was re-ignited twice during its Source: ISRO, August 28, 2016 flight to place the set of satellites in different orbits. Due to the re-ignition, the Monday's ISRO planning record 68 satellites’ launch launch is by far the longest PSLV launch by next year ISRO. Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) is Source: The Hindu, September 26, 2016 planning for the launch of a record 68 satellites in one mission by early next year. ISRO sets the ball rolling for Mars Mission- The satellites will be nano in nature from 2 foreign countries

Nearly three years after it launched a world Source: Indian Express, August 30, 2016 record making MOM () the Indian Space Research Organisation has Small is big for the Indian space industry invited Indian planetary scientists from the “They will have to take several steps and grow academia and research bodies to suggest in phases, everything won't happen overnight. which aspects of Mars should now be studied, There is a lot of potential in the small satellites along with the instruments they can provide segment and the subsystems segment where for MOM-2. they will have to immediately focus on.”

Source: The Hindu, August 10, 2016 Source: Times of India, August 30, 2016

Suit, Craft Ready, But India's Space ISRO plans to launch first privately built Odyssey Gets A Go Slow Signal satellite by March

India will not be putting a man in space The space agency plans to hand-hold vendors anytime soon. Jitendra Singh, the minister in to jointly build, test and certify two navigation charge of India's space programmes, has satellites that it would launch to join the fleet recently told (Indian) Parliament “as of now, of seven Navic satellites already in space. manned space programme is not an approved programme.” Source: Business Standard, September 3, 2016

Source: NDTV, August 4, 2016 ‘India’s space capacity is severely constrained’ Successful Flight Testing of ISRO's Scramjet Engine Technology Demonstrator India's space capacity of 34 working satellites of three categories is barely half of what it The first experimental mission of ISRO’s should be and is severely constrained to meet Scramjet Engine towards the realisation of an all demands in the country, the chief of ISRO Air Breathing Propulsion System was admitted.

8 Source: The Hindu, September 1, 2016 ESA Plans to Work Together With Russia on Moon Exploration Now, ISRO eyes missions to Venus The plans to The ISRO is mulling over missions to Venus cooperate with Russia’s on lunar or an asteroid and is under discussions for research, Rene Pischel, the head of the ESA’s these, apart from a second mission to Mars, permanent mission in Russia said. Roscosmos ISRO Chairman A.S. Kiran Kumar said. deputy chief Sergei Savelyev confirmed Source: The Hindu, September 9, 2016 earlier that the two space agencies were mulling joint flights to the moon as ISRO-PRL's observatory at Mt Abu to continuation of their work on the ExoMars track space junk program.

The new observatory, widely categorized as Source: Sputnik News, September 21, 2016 the Electro-Optical Deep Space Surveillance system, will track - mainly Russia, China move closer to joint moon, consisting of inactive satellites, electronic Mars missions parts of instruments, leftovers from rocket “We’re developing an understanding for the launch and other such junk. rocket and space industry for possible Source: Times of India, September 20, 2016 interaction in such profound and technologically complex projects as the future Mega launchers for ISRO soon exploration of the moon, Mars and piloted cosmonautics.” When fitted suitably into a launch vehicle, the new engine will see India putting satellites of Source: The Washington Times, July 14, 2016 the class of 6,000 to 10,000 kilos — or with some variations, lift even 15,000-kg payloads China launches second experimental space — to geostationary transfer orbits at 36,000 lab module km. China launched its second experimental space Source: The Hindu, September 28, 2016 laboratory on Thursday, part of a broader plan to have a permanent manned space station in ESA gives final approval for Ariane 6; service around 2022. Airbus Safran Launchers now in control Source: Reuters, September 16, 2016 Meeting at ESA’s headquarters here, the agency’s ruling council approved the release China to expand international astronauts of the second and final tranche of funds for exchange Ariane 6, with the transfer of funds to Ariane China will expand international exchange in 6 prime contractor Airbus Safran Launchers to the training of astronauts in a bid to push it occur in late October. closer to becoming a space power, an official Source: Space News, September 13, 2016 said Wednesday.

Source: Xinhua, July 27, 2016

9 China's satnav industry grows 29 pct in Air Force sent GSSAP satellite to check on 2015 stalled MUOS-5

The output value of China's satellite The U.S. Air Force sent one of its high- navigation and location-based service industry orbiting space surveillance satellites to check grew 29.2 percent year on year in 2015, with on a Navy communications satellite that ran the country's self-developed BeiDou into propulsion problems about halfway to Navigation Satellite System making a big geosynchronous orbit. contribution, according to a white paper. Source: SpaceNews, August 18, 2016 Source: Xinhua, July 20, 2016 Blue Origin Announces Big 'New Glenn' Vector Space Systems plans 2018 first flight Rocket for Satellite & Crew Launches of small launch vehicle “Our vision is millions of people living and A startup developing a small launch vehicle working in space, and New Glenn is a very says it’s on schedule for a first launch in 2018 important step,” Bezos said. “Up next on our after completing the acquisition of another drawing board: New Armstrong,” Bezos small launch company. teased, referencing Neil Armstrong, the first human to walk on the moon. Source: SpaceNews, July 22, 2016 Source: Space.com, September 12, 2016 GAO warns of Orion cost and schedule concerns SpaceX rocket explodes at Cape Canaveral ahead of launch NASA has a less than 50 percent chance of achieving its goal of launching the first crewed The rocket's payload, an Israeli-built Orion mission in August 2021, and pressing communications satellite for Facebook, was towards that goal could result in additional also destroyed. Facebook, in partnership with budget and schedule problems, a U.S. Eutelsat Communications, had been due to use Government Accountability Office report the Amos-6 satellite to deliver broadband warned. internet coverage for swathes of sub-Saharan Africa as part of its Internet.org initiative. Source: SpaceNews, July 28, 2016 Source: BBC, September 1, 2016 ‘Neighborhood watch’ satellites headed to space FAA Poised to Take On Role as Traffic Cop for Space The US Air Force’s Geosynchronous Space Situational Awareness Program, or GSSAP, With roughly 1,400 commercial satellites plans to fly four satellites above and below the currently flying and several thousand more “GEO belt,” circling it and weaving from side expected to be launched into popular low- to side to capture up-close views of everything altitude orbits over the next 10 years, flying there. Pentagon brass are ready to hand over the painstaking task to civilian authorities. Source: USA Today, August 19, 2016 Source: The Wall Street Journal, September 18, 2016

10 NASA’s OSIRIS-REx Speeds Toward Iran, Roscosmos Discuss Price of Remote- Asteroid Rendezvous Sensing Satellite Construction, Launch

Scientists suspect that asteroids may have Tehran and Russia's Roscosmos space been a source of the water and organic corporation agreed on the general design, molecules for the early Earth and other development and launching of a remote- planetary bodies. sensing satellite for the needs of the Middle Eastern country and are negotiating the Source: NASA, September 9, 2016 financial aspect of the deal.

Sisi to relaunch Egypt's space agency: Source: Sputnik News, August 6, 2016 NARSS official Russian space corporation expects President Abdel Fattah al-Sisi is seeking to considerable cuts in budget funding relaunch the Egyptian space agency project that stumbled in the 1960s, according to Alaa “There are different figures by the programs. al-Nahry, the deputy head of the National However, rather serious cuts are expected in Authority for Remote Sensing and Space general. We are currently discussing these Sciences. issues. The exact figures will be known after we approve them.” Source: Egypt Independent, August 1, 2016 Source: TASS, September 6, 2016 National Space Policy adopted by UAE Cabinet Thales, SES to Offer Broadband for Air Passengers Sheikh Mohammed bin Rashid, Vice President and Ruler of Dubai, said the National Space Europe’s largest satellite-services provider and Policy would advance the UAE’s involvement the region’s leading aircraft-electronics maker in space exploration and establish it as a major are teaming up to offer enhanced broadband- player before the country’s 50th anniversary in via-satellite connections to airline passengers. 2021. Source: The Wall Street Journal, September Source: The National, September 4, 2016 11, 2016

UAE Space Agency announces details of Satellite Startup LeoSat Secures Customer national space policy for High-Speed Trading

The policy aims to build a strong and LeoSat is betting about $3.5 billion that sustainable space sector in the UAE that minute differences in the speed it takes light to supports and protects national interests and transit through space compared to the time it related vital industries. It also ensures the takes the signal to travel through fiber-optic sector’s contribution to economic growth and cables will help create a satellite services diversification, honing the skills of Emiratis market that hasn’t existed before. and developing their scientific and high-tech capabilities. Source: The Wall Street Journal, September 6, 2016 Source: Emirates News Agency, September 7, 2016 (Back to Contents)

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OPINIONS AND ANALYSES

Eric R. Hedman, “The human Nola Taylor Redd, “Touching an Asteroid: equation,” The Space Review, July 18, 2016 The Science Behind NASA's OSIRIS-REx Mission,” Space.com, September 7, 2016 Jeff Foust, “For smallsats, launch options big and small,” The Space Review, August 15, Carl Engelking, “What’s Bad for SpaceX Is 2016 Good for Russia,” Discover, September 1, 2016 Nickolas J. Boetsch, “Middle Eastern Lunar Missions: the Role of the Moon in the Middle Pavel Luzin, “Russia’s Position in Space,” East’s Spacefaring Future,” SpaceWatchME, Foreign Affairs, September 21, 2016 August 21, 2016 Chris Buckley and Adam Wu, “China Hunts Théo Pirard, “An interview with Jean-Yves Le for Scientific Glory, and Aliens, With New Gall, president of CNES,” The Space Review, Telescope,” New York Times, September 25, September 12, 2016 2016

Josh Chin, “China’s Latest Leap Forward Isn’t Elizabeth Howell, “Tanegashima: Japan's Just Great—It’s Quantum,” The Wall Street Largest Space Center,” Space.com, September Journal, August 20, 2016 30, 2016

Michael Raska, “Where quantum satellites fit Donna Dawson, “The emerging commercial in PLA strategy,” The Lowy Interpreter, space industry,” Composites World, July 11, September 8, 2016 2016

David Axe, “Three Words: Chinese. Space. Yaacov Benmeleh, “Israel’s Space Plan Station.,” The Daily Beast, September 19, Exploded With SpaceX Rocket. Now What?,” 2016 Bloomberg, September 5, 2016

Stuart Clark, “China: the new space Mark Williamson, “Commercial space superpower,” The Guardian, August 28, 2016 launches at Cape Canaveral,” The Institution of Engineering and Technology, July 12, 2016 Mike Gruss, “Good (space) fences make for good (orbital) neighbours,” SpaceNews, September 19, 2016

Michael Scaturro, “New signals price crash for satellite data,” Live Mint, (Back to Contents) September 23, 2016

Brian Weeden, “Time for the U.S. military to let go of the civil space situational awareness mission,” SpaceNews, September 20, 2016

12 NEW PUBLICATIONS

REPORTS/STATEMENTS/ MULTIMEDIA Tom Boone and David Miller, “Capability and Cost-Effectiveness of Launch Vehicles,” New ISRO is soliciting proposals from interested Space, vol. 4, no. 3, September 2016, pp. 168- scientists within India for experiments 189 onboard an orbiter mission around Mars (MOM-2) to address relevant scientific Amelia Rai et. al., “Expanded benefits for problems and topics. humanity from the International Space Station,” Acta Astronautica, vol. 126, NASA released report on ‘Economic September-October 2016, pp. 463-474 Development of Low Earth Orbit’

US White Paper on Space Mission Force: Developing Space Warfighters BOOKS/MONOGRAPHS/OCCASIONAL PAPERS for Tomorrow Jon Willis, All These Worlds Are Yours: The ISRO has developed weather data explorer Scientific Search for Alien Life (Yale application named Real Time Analysis of University Press: US, August 2016) Products and Information Dissemination (RAPID) for visualisation and analysis of Bruce MacDonald, Admiral Dennis Blair, meteorological data from Kalpana-1, INSAT- Dean Cheng, Karl Mueller and Victoria 3A and INSAT-3D Samson, “Crisis Stability in Space: China and Other Challenges,” The Foreign Policy China’s State Council Information Office Institute of The Johns Hopkins University, published a white paper titled “China's September 2016 BeiDou Navigation Satellite System” David Livingstone and Patricia Lewis, “Space, Elon Musk’s Vision for Affordable Space the Final Frontier for Cybersecurity?,” Travel to Mars Chatham House, September 2016

JOURNAL ARTICLES

Bastida Virgili et. al., “Risk to space sustainability from large constellations of satellites,” Acta Astronautica, vol. 126, September-October 2016, pp. 154-162 (Back to Contents) Ward Hanson, “Satellite Internet in the Mobile Age,” New Space, vol. 4, no. 3, September 2016, pp. 138-152

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