Contact : 8830115524 Indian Polity .. Muslim Women Rights Day ● 1st August has been recorded as “Muslim Women Rights Day” in the country’s history to mark first anniversary of the passage of Muslim Women (Protection of Rights on Marriage) Act, 2019. ● The law made triple talaq a criminal offence. ● Tiple talaq divorce is banned by many Islamic countries, including Pakistan, Bangladesh and Indonesia. Provisions of the Muslim Women (Protection of Rights on Marriage) Act, 2019 ● The Act makes all declaration of talaq, including in written or electronic form, to be void (i.e. not enforceable in law) and illegal. ● It also makes a declaration of talaq a cognizable offence attracting up to three years imprisonment with a fine. ● A cognizable offence is one for which a police officer may arrest an accused person without warrant. ● The Magistrate may grant bail to the accused. The bail may be granted only after hearing the woman (against whom talaq has been pronounced), and if the Magistrate is satisfied that there are reasonable grounds for granting bail. ● The offence may be compounded (i.e. the parties may arrive at a compromise) by the Magistrate upon the request of the woman (against whom talaq has been declared). ● A Muslim woman against whom talaq has been declared, is entitled to seek subsistence allowance from her husband for herself and for her dependent children. ● The country has seen a decline of 82% in the triple talaq case since the implementation of the act. One Nation One Card Scheme integrates four more States/UT’s ● eligible beneficiaries would be able to avail entitled food grains under the National Food Security Act (NFSA) from any Fair Price Shop(FPSs) in the country using the same ration card. ● In Bi-Lingual format bi-lingual format having Hindi or English apart from the local language. 10 digit std ration card number ● The eligible beneficiaries will be able to buy subsidized foodgrains, rice at ₹3 per kg, wheat at ₹2 per kg, and coarse grains at Re 1 per kg, from anywhere in the country. ● 100 percent of national portability of these cards has been assured by March 31, 2021. ● biometric authentication on electronic Point of Sale (ePoS) devices installed at the FPS’s. ● The Integrated Management of Public Distribution System (IM-PDS) portal provides the technological platform for the inter-state portability of ration cards. 1947 Tripartite Agreement on Gurkha soldiers Contact : 8830115524 ● Recently, the Nepal’s Foreign Minister has said that the 1947 Tripartite Agreement between India, Nepal and the United Kingdom (that deals with the military service of Gurkha soldiers from Nepal) has become redundant The Tripartite Agreement: ● In 1947, when India became independent, it was decided to split Gurkha regiments between the British and Indian armies. ● East India Company first recruited Gurkhas after suffering heavy casualties during the Anglo-Nepalese War also known as the Gurkha War. The war ended with the signing of the Treaty of Sugauli in 1816. ● It ensured that Gurkhas in British and Indian service would enjoy broadly the same conditions of service as that of British and Indian citizens. ● The services include all perks, remuneration, facilities and pension schemes etc. ● Gorkha recruitment was the first window that was opened to Nepali youth to go abroad. What is a whip? ● Congress chief whip in the Rajasthan Legislative Assembly has moved the Supreme Court against a State High Court direction to the Speaker to maintain status quo in the disqualification proceedings initiated against ousted MLAs under the anti-defection law. ● A whip is an official of a political party who acts as the party’s ‘enforcer’ inside the legislative assembly or house of parliament. ● Parties appoint a senior member from among their House contingents to issue whips — this member is called a Chief Whip, and he/she is assisted by additional Whips. ● India inherited the concept of the whip from the British parliamentary system. Role of whips: ● They try to ensure that their fellow political party legislators attend voting sessions and vote according to their party’s official policy. What happens if a whip is disobeyed? ● A legislator may face disqualification proceedings if she/he disobeys the whip of the party unless the number of lawmakers defying the whip is 2/3rds of the party’s strength in the house. Disqualification is decided by the Speaker of the house. Limitations of whip: ● There are some cases such as Presidential elections where whips cannot direct a Member of Parliament (MP) or Member of Legislative Assembly (MLA) to vote in a particular fashion. J&K Public Safety Act 1978 ● Definition: It is a kind of preventive detention law, under which a person is taken into custody to prevent him or her from acting in any manner that is prejudicial to the security of the state or the maintenance of public order. ● Period of Detention: Up to 2 years. ● Enforcement: Detention order is passed either by Divisional Commissioner or the District Magistrate. ● Challenging the Detention: The only way the administrative preventive detention order can be challenged is through a habeas corpus petition filed by relatives of the detained person. Contact : 8830115524 ● The High Court and the Supreme Court have jurisdiction to hear such petitions and pass a final order seeking quashing of the PSA. ● However, if the order is quashed, there is no bar on the government passing another detention order under the PSA and detaining the person again. ● There can be no prosecution or any legal proceeding against the official who has passed the order. Preventive Detention and Constitutional Provisions ● Preventive detention involves the detainment (confinement) of a person in order to keep them from committing future crimes and/or from escaping future prosecution. ● Punitive detention is punishment for illegal acts done. ● Article 22(1) of the Constitution states that no person who is arrested shall be denied the right to consult, and to be defended by, a legal practitioner of his choice. ● However, under Preventive Detention Laws like the PSA, the detained person does not have the right to move a bail application before a criminal court, and cannot engage any lawyer to represent him or her before the detaining authority. ● When a person is arrested he/she has to be produced before a magistrate within the next 24 hours. However, in the case of 'preventive detention', a person can be detained for three months. ● Article 22(2) states that every person arrested and detained shall be produced before the nearest magistrate within a period of 24 hours (excluding the time necessary for the journey from the place of arrest to the court) and no such person shall be detained beyond this period without the authority of a magistrate. ● Article 22(3)(b) allows for preventive detention and restriction on personal liberty for reasons of state security and public order. ● Article 22(4) states that no law providing for preventive detention shall authorise the detention of a person for a longer period than three months unless: ● an Advisory Board reports sufficient cause for extended detention. ● Such a person is detained in accordance with the provisions of any law made by the Parliament. Habeas Corpus ● It is a Latin term which literally means ‘to have the body of’. Under this the court issues an order to a person who has detained another person, to produce the body of the latter before it. The court then examines the cause and legality of detention. ● This writ is a bulwark of individual liberty against arbitrary detention. ● The writ of habeas corpus can be issued against both public authorities as well as private individuals. ● The writ, on the other hand, is not issued where the: ○ detention is lawful, the proceeding is for contempt of a legislature or a court, detention is by a competent court, and detention is outside the jurisdiction of the court. Contact : 8830115524 Prime Minister’s National Relief Fund (PMNRF) ● Established in January 1948 after PM Jawaharlal Nehru appealed to assist displaced persons from Pakistan. ● established entirely with public contributions and did not get any budgetary support. ● PMNRF accepts voluntary contributions from Individuals, Organizations, Trusts, Companies and Institutions etc. ● All contributions towards PMNRF are exempt from Income Tax under section 80(G). ● The resources of the PMNRF are utilized to render immediate relief to families of those killed in natural calamities like floods, cyclones and earthquakes, etc. ● Assists partially to defray the expenses for medical treatment like heart surgery, kidney transplantation, cancer treatment of needy people and acid attack etc. SHAGUN PORTAL ● Dedicated web portal ‘ShaGun’ for the Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan at New Delhi today. ● ‘ShaGun’ aims to capture and showcase innovations and progress in Elementary Education sector of India by continuous monitoring of the flagship scheme - Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan (SSA). Samagra Shiksha an integrated scheme for school education’. ● under the Ministry of Human Resource Development. ● integrated scheme for school education extending from pre-school to class XII to ensure inclusive and equitable quality education at all levels of school education. ● It subsumes the three Schemes of Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan (SSA), Rashtriya Madhyamik Shiksha Abhiyan (RMSA) and Teacher Education (TE). ● The Scheme is being implemented as a Centrally Sponsored Scheme. ● The fund sharing pattern for the scheme between Centre and States is at present in the ratio of 90:10 for the North-Eastern States and the Himalayan States and 60:40 for all other States and Union Territories with Legislature. ● It is 100% centrally sponsored for Union Territories without Legislature. ● Scheme of Vocationalisation of School Education is being implemented under this scheme The Code on Social Security, 2019 ● Objectives: ● To amalgamate a clutch of existing laws and proposes several new initiatives including universal social security for unorganized sector workers and, insurance and health benefits for gig workers.