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http://www.ucalgary.ca/hic • ISSN 1492-7810 2010/11 • Vol. 9, No. 1 The Americanization of the Canadian Army’s Intellectual Development, 1946-1956 Alexander Herd Abstract Canadian scholarship has detailed the impact of increasing American political, economic, and socio-cultural influences on post-Second World War Canada. This paper demonstrates that the Canadian Army was likewise influenced by the Americans, and changes to the army’s professional military education are evidence of the “Americanization” of the army. During the early Cold War period, Canadian Army staff officer education increasingly incorporated United States Army doctrine, ranging from the basic organization of American formations to complex future military strategy. Research is primarily based on the annual staff course syllabi at the Canadian Army Staff College in Kingston, Ontario, which indicate that Canadian Army leaders were sensitive not only to the realities of fighting alongside the Americans in a future war, but to the necessity of making the Canadian Army, previously historically and culturally a British army, compatible with its American counterpart. In the context of limited scholarship on the early Cold War Canadian Army, this paper advances the argument that the army’s intellectual capacity to wage war was largely determined by external influences. During the first decade after the Second World War, Canadian society underwent a distinct transition. While Canada’s various linguistic and ethnic groups — including the English-speaking majority – did not sever -
49Er1999no102
r THE THE LOYAL I Canada's Armed Forces. Ericksen Nissan The Fort^niner NUMBER 102DECEMBER 1999 First Published in 1915 THE FORTY-NINER The Journal of The Loyal Edmonton Regiment "Fears No Foe" Produced for the Regimental Family by The 49th Battalion, The Loyal Edmonton Regiment Association c/o The Loyal Edmonton Regiment Museum #108 Prince of Wales Armouries Heritage Centre 10440 - 108 Avenue, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T5H 3Z9 e-mail: [email protected] phone/fax: (780) 421 -9943 International Standard Serial Number ISS 0701-2918 Editor; Major David Haas, CD This year's cover shows troops fivm The Loyal Edmonton Regiment at the Cenotaph in front of Edmonton City Hall on November II, 1999. This year marked the. Regiment's return to a Remembrance Day service in Edmonton, after several years attending the service m nearby St. Albert. The artwork for the new design of the Regimental badge has been revised by Sharon Haas to sve a more accurate rendition. Total confidence now and down the road. 13020-97 Street Edmonton 10301-100 Avenue Morinville 475-9237 939-2200 Complete Tire and Automotive Service @ Passenger Tiresires @ used Tires @ Front End @ Truck Tires @ Auto Repairs @ Shocks @ Custom Wheelsels @ Wheel Alignment @ Batteries @ Brakes WE OFFER MILITARY DISCOUNTS (onlinenlal 4 The Fortyniner CONTENT! The Regiment TQdayB.C. Branch President ^^ Donkey Derby ^^ The Unit YearB.C. Branch AGM Regimental Bet Page 6Page 15 Page 56 Honourary Colonel MathesonOrtona Visit Fortyniner Gallery #1 Page 9Page 77 Page 56 NUmegan MarchMore River Cemetery Paae 20Page 74 The Band Beat CadetSMuseum Update page ^ ^ 34Literary @, , .Museum Information Sheet Book Reviews Cadets on ExercisePane 0.0. -
No Easy Thing Senior Command in the Canadian Army, 1939-1945
No easy thing Senior Command in the Canadian Army, 1939-1945 Randall Wakelam istorians have tended to equate generalship.”3 Nonetheless, generals success with winning battles, Abstract: There is relatively little also needed a range of personal H Canadian military history which looks failure with defeat, and yet there attributes: mental and physical specifically at the questions and is much more to being successful themes surrounding senior command robustness, physical courage, health in senior appointments than just (commanders of large formations and youth, courage of convictions, battlefield victory. Success seems to of troops – normally generals knowledge of humanity and fighting call for a trilogy of abilities: the ability or lieutenant-generals). Current spirit.4 These were necessary to “keep interpretations call for a trilogy to defend national interests in the of abilities: the ability to defend strict, though not necessarily stern highest military (and often political) national interests in the highest discipline,…[and give ungrudging] circles; the ability to organize and military (and often political) circles; praise where praise is due,” be visible manage forces both before and the ability to organize and manage to the troops, avoid sarcasm and keep during combat; and the ability to forces both before and during combat; the soldiers informed.5 These things, and the ability to lead both directly lead both directly and indirectly and indirectly those who have to he said, were hard to do given that those who have to implement the implement the plans. Were Canadians generals were far less visible to their plans. Are we right to apply this then, and are historians today, right soldiers than in times past. -
NUMBER S3 JULY, 1951 25C PER COPY Uly, 1951THE FORTY-NINER
NUMBER S3 JULY, 1951 25c PER COPY uly, 1951THE FORTY-NINER GENUINE FORD PARTS That Are DEPENDABLE SATISFACTORY LOW IN COST Also DEALERS IN MERCURY-LINCOLN-METEOR CARS FORD-BUILT ENGLISH ANGLIA AND PREFECT CARS MERCURY TRUCKS Waterloo Motors Ltd. MERCURY - LINCOLN - METEOR DEALERS JASPER AVE. AT 107th STREET @ PHONE 42171 SOUTH SIDE PARTS DEPOT @ 7819 104 Street @ Phone 35220 The Forty-Niner Number Fifty-Three EDMONTON, ALBERTA July, 1951 EDITORIAL fantrymen who two weeks ago lost 500 to 600 men stemming a vast Chinese Communist tide. The few For a third time in thirty-six years men are survivors of the two valiant units@the 1st Battalion enlisting for active full-time service wearing the Gloucester Regiment and the 170th Independent badges of and carrying .on the traditions of the Mortor Battery@lined a parade ground to receive 49th Bn. C.E.F. and the Loyal Edmonton Regiment. the highest American Army group honor. True enough, a battalion of the Regiment is not serving as such but is represented by a company of "I came to pay tribute to the wonderful Com- the Canadian Infantry Regiment of the 27th Brigade monwealth forces," Van Fleet said. "I wanted to for service presumably in Europe. tell you most emphatically how proud and thankful Many of our World War II comrades are again I am for your achievement." serving with our old and tried and true associates, the P.P.C.L.L, in the fierce campaigns on the Korean V.C.'s Again Reach Peak of Honour peninsula. Names of five Canadian winners of the Victoria To those new comrades of ours now enlisting Cross in the First Great War will be perpetuated in who will be serving in foreign land's, but not neces- Jasper National Park with the naming of mountain sarily under conditions 'of actual combat with the peaks, the Canadian National Railways announced enemy, we would say: "We know how difficult it is la'st May. -
The'fightin'est'canadian General: Brigadier Christopher Vokes And
u Ottawa L'Universitg canadienne Canada's university mn FACULTE DES ETUDES SUPERIEURES 1^=1 FACULTY OF GRADUATE AND ET POSTOCTORALES U Ottawa POSDOCTORAL STUDIES I .'University canadiennc Canada's university G. Christopher Case AUTEUR DE LA THESE / AUTHOR OF THESIS M.A. (History) """GRADE /'DEGREE "~ Department of History FACULTE, ECOLE, DEPARTEMEM7 FACULTY, SCHOOL, DEPARTMENT «The 'Fightin'est' Canadian General:» Brigadier Christopher Vokes and his Approach to Military Command, June 1942 - August 1943 TITRE DE LA THESE / TITLE OF THESIS Dr. Serge Durflinger DIRECTEUR (DIRECTRICE) DE LA THESE / THESIS SUPERVISOR CO-DIRECTEUR (CO-DIRECTRICE) DE LA THESE / THESIS CO-SUPERVISOR EXAMINATEURS (EXAMINATRICES) DE LA THESE/THESIS EXAMINERS Dr. Galen Perras Dr. Jeffrey Keshen Gary W. Slater Le Doyen de la Faculte des etudes superieures et postdoctorales / Dean of the Faculty of Graduate and Postdoctoral Studies "THE 'FIGHTIN'EST' CANADIAN GENERAL:" BRIGADIER CHRISTOPHER VOKES AND HIS APPROACH TO MILITARY COMMAND, JUNE 1942 - AUGUST 1943 By G. Christopher Case Thesis submitted to the Faculty of Graduate Studies and Postdoctoral Studies In partial fulfillment of the requirements For the MA. degree in History Universite d/Ottawa/University of Ottawa © G. Christopher Case, Ottawa, Canada, 2009 Library and Archives Bibliotheque et 1*1 Canada Archives Canada Published Heritage Direction du Branch Patrimoine de I'edition 395 Wellington Street 395, rue Wellington OttawaONK1A0N4 Ottawa ON K1A 0N4 Canada Canada Your file Votre reference ISBN: 978-0-494-59904-4 -
J.L. Granatstein the WEIGHT of COMMAND
J.L. Granatstein THE WEIGHT OF COMMAND Voices of Canada’s Second World War Generals and Those Who Knew Them Sample Material © UBC Press 2016 Studies in Canadian Military History Series editor: Andrew Burtch, Canadian War Museum The Canadian War Museum, Canada’s national museum of military history, has a threefold mandate: to remember, to preserve, and to educate. Studies in Canadian Military History, published by UBC Press in association with the Museum, extends this mandate by presenting the best of contemporary scholarship to provide new insights into all aspects of Canadian military history, from earliest times to recent events. The work of a new generation of scholars is especially encouraged, and the books employ a variety of approaches – cultural, social, intellectual, economic, political, and comparative – to investigate gaps in the existing historiography. The books in the series feed immediately into future exhibitions, programs, and outreach efforts by the Canadian War Museum. A list of the titles in the series appears at the end of the book. Sample Material © UBC Press 2016 © UBC Press 2016 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, without prior written permission of the publisher. Library and Archives Canada Cataloguing in Publication Granatstein, J.L., author, editor The weight of command: voices of Canada’s Second World War generals and those who knew them / J.L. Granatstein. (Studies in Canadian military history) Includes bibliographical references and index. Issued in print and electronic formats. ISBN 978-0-7748-3299-1 (hardback). -
Canadian Armour in Normandy: Operation “Totalize” and the Quest for Operational Manoeuvre Roman Johann Jarymowycz
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Wilfrid Laurier University Canadian Military History Volume 7 | Issue 2 Article 3 1-20-2012 Canadian Armour in Normandy: Operation “Totalize” and the Quest for Operational Manoeuvre Roman Johann Jarymowycz Recommended Citation Jarymowycz, Roman Johann (1998) "Canadian Armour in Normandy: Operation “Totalize” and the Quest for Operational Manoeuvre," Canadian Military History: Vol. 7: Iss. 2, Article 3. Available at: http://scholars.wlu.ca/cmh/vol7/iss2/3 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by Scholars Commons @ Laurier. It has been accepted for inclusion in Canadian Military History by an authorized administrator of Scholars Commons @ Laurier. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Jarymowycz: Canadian Armour in Normandy Roman Johann Jarymowycz Introduction "Totalize" - The Plan he Allied record in Normandy is irritating Totalize" was to be the last great offensive Tsimply because we know we could have done in the Normandy Campaign. It was better. The extensive casualty rates to infantry General B.L. Montgomery's final opportunity and armour nearly exhausted American arms to wrest personal victory and publicity from and created a political crisis in Canada. The General Omar Bradley. The presence of the dazzling success of American armour during heavy bombers sealed the contract; it was all "Cobra's" pursuit eclipsed the Canadian or nothing. "Totalize" was First Canadian Army armoured battles of August, despite the fact that commander Harry Crerar's first "Army" battle the vast majority of Allied tank casualties from and he may have been nervous about it. -
Oakville General Was Eyewitness to History
• 26 Oakville Beaver LIVING EDITOR: ANGELA BLACKBURN Phone: 905-337-5560 Fax: 905-337-5571 e-mail: [email protected] Friday, November 12, 2010 Friday, Living Oakville general was eyewitness to history • OAKVILLE BEAVER By Angela Blackburn OAKVILLE BEAVER STAFF Scraps. So reads the red-covered scrapbook whose yellowed pages find refuge in the care of Ron Landers of Oakville. Little does anyone know — unless they www.oakvillebeaver.com crack open those yellowed pages — a world of Second World War history awaits, all from a local perspective. “I think there are things in there that many people in Oakville don’t know,” said Landers, who is currently president of the Royal Canadian Legion, General Chris Vokes Branch 486 in Bronte. During the early 1960s, a Major-General who had been at the forefront of fighting in Italy and France, in the Battle of Normandy, the liberation of The Netherlands, the signing of Germany’s sur- render papers in The Netherlands and the contro- versial Battle of Falaise, was stationed in Oakville. For three years, he was the GOC (General Officer Commanding) of the Canadian Military’s Central Command, headquartered at Oakville’s Ortona Barracks. As one flips open the pages of this particular Landers’ family album, one is greeted by a glossy, 8x10, black-and-white photo of Major- General George Kitching. SURRENDER SIGNED: As appeared in the Daily Journal-Record, Friday, May 7, 1965 — Major-General George Kitching, general officer com- The corners are affixed with gold photo cor- manding Central Command, Oakville is seen in this group picture of the surrender of the 25th German Army 20 years ago today. -
Language and Cultural Barriers Pertaining to the Polish Army’S 1St Armoured Division in Normandy, August 1944
POLES APART: Language and Cultural Barriers Pertaining to the Polish Army’s 1st Armoured Division in Normandy, August 1944. by Robert Schuman Williams A thesis submitted to the Graduate Program in History in conformity with the requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy Queen’s University Kingston, Ontario, Canada (May, 2017) Copyright ©Robert Schuman Williams, 2017 Abstract This thesis is a study of the effects language and culture on military operations using the experience of the 1st Polish Armoured Division under command of the II Canadian Corps in North Western Europe in August 1944. The challenges in multinational operations have been, and remain, understanding both allies and the environment in which one is going to be conducting operations. Rapid mutually intelligible communication is a key factor to mission success, whether during high tempo operations or while conducting deliberate planning and administrative work with non-English speaking allies. This dissertation begins with background material on the cultural and linguistic effects on multi- national military operations, examining literature on the diaspora Polish communities and what has been said about the Polish and Canadian armies’ performances in North-West Europe in August 1944. This is followed by a description of the Pigeau-McCann common intent factors that will be used as a framework to highlight what could be done to overcome the effects of language and culture on the employment of military units and formations. Particular emphasis is placed on the effects of culture on leadership in both interpersonal and staff interactions, using the Pigeau- McCann Balanced Command Envelope (BCE) as a subsidiary model to help describe the effect that two commanders, Maczek and Simonds, had on the achievement of common intent. -
Canadian Generals / Lieutenant-Generals
CANADIAN GENERALS LIEUTENANT-GENERALS MAJOR-GENERALS OF WW2 Updated: 06 February 2016 1 CANADIAN GENERALS / LIEUTENANT-GENERAL / MAJOR-GENERALS World War II General Henry Duncan Graham (‘Harry’) CRERAR, CH, CB, DSO, CD General Officer Commanding – 1st Canadian Army General, The Honourable Andrew George Latta (“Andy”) McNAUGHTON, PC, CH, CB, CMG, DSO, CD General Officer Commanding – Canadian Army Lieutenant-General Eedson Louis Millard BURNS, CC, DSO, OBE, MC, CD General Officer Commanding – 1st Canadian Corps General Charles FOULKES, CC, CB, CBE, DSO, CD GOC – 1st Canadian Corps Chief of the General Staff Lieutenant-General The Honourable Percival John MONTAGUE, CB, CMG, DSO, MC, VD, CD, KC Manitoba Regiment Chief of Staff Canadian Military Headquarters London Lieutenant-General Maurice Arthur POPE, CB, MC Royal Canadian Engineers Head Canadian Joint Staff Mission Washington Lieutenant-General Ernest William SANSOM, CB, DSO, KStJ Canadian Machine Gun Corps GOC - 2nd Canadian Corps Lieutenant-General Guy Granville SIMONDS, CC, CB, CBE, DSO, CD Royal Canadian Artillery General Officer Commanding – 2nd Canadian Corps Lieutenant-General Kenneth STUART, CB, DSO, MC Royal Canadian Engineers Chief of Staff – Canadian Military Headquarters London Lieutenant-General John Carl MURCHIE, CB, CBE Royal Canadian Artillery Chief of the General Staff Major-General Ronald Okeden ALEXANDER, CB DSO Royal Canadian Regiment General Officer Commanding – Pacific Command Major-General Thomas Victor ANDERSON, DSO, CD Chief of the General Staff 1938 Inspector -
Commanding the Green Centre Line in Normandy: a Case Study of Division Command in the Second World War
Wilfrid Laurier University Scholars Commons @ Laurier Theses and Dissertations (Comprehensive) 2009 Commanding the Green Centre Line in Normandy: A Case Study of Division Command in the Second World War Angelo N. Caravaggio Wilfrid Laurier University Follow this and additional works at: https://scholars.wlu.ca/etd Part of the Military History Commons Recommended Citation Caravaggio, Angelo N., "Commanding the Green Centre Line in Normandy: A Case Study of Division Command in the Second World War" (2009). Theses and Dissertations (Comprehensive). 1075. https://scholars.wlu.ca/etd/1075 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by Scholars Commons @ Laurier. It has been accepted for inclusion in Theses and Dissertations (Comprehensive) by an authorized administrator of Scholars Commons @ Laurier. For more information, please contact [email protected]. NOTE TO USERS This reproduction is the best copy available. UMI Library and Archives Bibliotheque et 1*1 Canada Archives Canada Published Heritage Direction du Branch Patrimoine de ('edition 395 Wellington Street 395, rue Wellington Ottawa ON K1A 0N4 Ottawa ON K1A 0N4 Canada Canada Your file Votre reference ISBN: 978-0-494-54255-2 Our file Notre reference ISBN: 978-0-494-54255-2 NOTICE: AVIS: The author has granted a non L'auteur a accorde une licence non exclusive exclusive license allowing Library and permettant a la Bibliotheque et Archives Archives Canada to reproduce, Canada de reproduire, publier, archiver, publish, archive, preserve, conserve, sauvegarder, conserver, transmettre au public communicate to the public by par telecommunication ou par I'lnternet, preter, telecommunication or on the Internet, distribuer et vendre des theses partout dans le loan, distribute and sell theses monde, a des fins commerciales ou autres, sur worldwide, for commercial or non support microforme, papier, electronique et/ou commercial purposes, in microform, autres formats. -
WRAP Theses Von Brescius 2016.Pdf
A Thesis Submitted for the Degree of PhD at the University of Warwick Permanent WRAP URL: http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/86042 Copyright and reuse: This thesis is made available online and is protected by original copyright. Please scroll down to view the document itself. Please refer to the repository record for this item for information to help you to cite it. Our policy information is available from the repository home page. For more information, please contact the WRAP Team at: [email protected] warwick.ac.uk/lib-publications Private enterprise and the China trade: British interlopers and their informal networks in Europe, c.1720-1750 Meike von Brescius A thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in History University of Warwick, Department of History January 2016 Table of Contents Chapter I: Introduction........................................................................................... 1 Supercargoes: commercial polymaths of the China trade................................ 7 Private trade and monopoly structures: a network perspective........................ 22 Accessing privileges.......................................................................................... 33 The supercargo in historiography: problems and perspectives......................... 35 Source material.................................................................................................. 40 Plan of the study...............................................................................................