Research on the Development of Non-Governmental Science and Technology Awards of China: Environment, Problems and Countermeasures
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China Data Supplement
China Data Supplement October 2008 J People’s Republic of China J Hong Kong SAR J Macau SAR J Taiwan ISSN 0943-7533 China aktuell Data Supplement – PRC, Hong Kong SAR, Macau SAR, Taiwan 1 Contents The Main National Leadership of the PRC ......................................................................... 2 LIU Jen-Kai The Main Provincial Leadership of the PRC ..................................................................... 29 LIU Jen-Kai Data on Changes in PRC Main Leadership ...................................................................... 36 LIU Jen-Kai PRC Agreements with Foreign Countries ......................................................................... 42 LIU Jen-Kai PRC Laws and Regulations .............................................................................................. 45 LIU Jen-Kai Hong Kong SAR................................................................................................................ 54 LIU Jen-Kai Macau SAR....................................................................................................................... 61 LIU Jen-Kai Taiwan .............................................................................................................................. 66 LIU Jen-Kai ISSN 0943-7533 All information given here is derived from generally accessible sources. Publisher/Distributor: GIGA Institute of Asian Studies Rothenbaumchaussee 32 20148 Hamburg Germany Phone: +49 (0 40) 42 88 74-0 Fax: +49 (040) 4107945 2 October 2008 The Main National Leadership of the -
Scientific Communities in the Developing World Scientific Communities in the Developing World
Scientific Communities in the Developing World Scientific Communities in the Developing World Edited by jacques Caillard V.V. Krishna Roland Waast Sage Publications New Delhiflhousand Oaks/London Copyright @) Jacques Gaillard, V.V. Krishna and Roland Waast, 1997. All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording or by any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. First published in 1997 by Sage Publications India Pvt Ltd M-32, Greater Kailash Market I New Delhi 110 048 Sage Publications Inc Sage Publications Ltd 2455 Teller Road 6 Bonhill Street Thousand Oaks, California 91320 London EC2A 4PU Published by Tejeshwar Singh for Sage Publications India Pvt Ltd, phototypeset by Pagewell Photosetters, Pondicherry and printed at Chaman Enterprises, Delhi. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Scientific communities in the developing world I edited by Jacques Gaillard, V.V. Krishna, Roland Waast. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. 1. Science-Developing countries--History. 2. Science-Social aspect- Developing countries--History. I. Gaillard, Jacques, 1951- . 11. Krishna, V.V. 111. Waast, Roland, 1940- . Q127.2.S44 306.4'5'091724--dc20 1996 9617807 ISBN: 81-7036565-1 (India-hb) &8039-9330-7 (US-hb) Sage Production Editor: Sumitra Srinivasan Contents List of Tables List of Figures Preface 1. Introduction: Scientific Communities in the Developing World Jacques Gaillard, V.V. Krishna and Roland Waast Part 1: Scientific Communities in Africa 2. Sisyphus or the Scientific Communities of Algeria Ali El Kenz and Roland Waast 3. -
Transnational Mathematics and Movements: Shiing- Shen Chern, Hua Luogeng, and the Princeton Institute for Advanced Study from World War II to the Cold War1
Chinese Annals of History of Science and Technology 3 (2), 118–165 (2019) doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1461.2019.02118 Transnational Mathematics and Movements: Shiing- shen Chern, Hua Luogeng, and the Princeton Institute for Advanced Study from World War II to the Cold War1 Zuoyue Wang 王作跃,2 Guo Jinhai 郭金海3 (California State Polytechnic University, Pomona 91768, US; Institute for the History of Natural Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China) Abstract: This paper reconstructs, based on American and Chinese primary sources, the visits of Chinese mathematicians Shiing-shen Chern 陈省身 (Chen Xingshen) and Hua Luogeng 华罗庚 (Loo-Keng Hua)4 to the Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton in the United States in the 1940s, especially their interactions with Oswald Veblen and Hermann Weyl, two leading mathematicians at the IAS. It argues that Chern’s and Hua’s motivations and choices in regard to their transnational movements between China and the US were more nuanced and multifaceted than what is presented in existing accounts, and that socio-political factors combined with professional-personal ones to shape their decisions. The paper further uses their experiences to demonstrate the importance of transnational scientific interactions for the development of science in China, the US, and elsewhere in the twentieth century. Keywords: Shiing-shen Chern, Chen Xingshen, Hua Luogeng, Loo-Keng Hua, Institute for 1 This article was copy-edited by Charlie Zaharoff. 2 Research interests: History of science and technology in the United States, China, and transnational contexts in the twentieth century. He is currently writing a book on the history of American-educated Chinese scientists and China-US scientific relations. -
The Math of Hua Luogeng – 华罗庚 － Another Game in Town
The Math of Hua Luogeng – 华罗庚 － Another Game in Town by Frank D. (Tony) Smith, Jr. - June 2009 Edward Witten said (Nature 438 (22/29 December 2005) 1085): “… Albert Einstein famously devoted the latter part of his life to seeking a … ‘unified field theory’ … String theory is the only known generalization of relativistic quantum field theory that makes sense. … string theory … may well be the only way to reconcile gravity and quantum mechanics …“. Steven Weinberg (in a 22 Feb 2009 Telegraph article by Graham Farmelo) is quoted as saying that “… for a truly fundamental theory of physics … “strings are the only game in town” …”. Could Witten and Weinberg both be Wrong ? Setting up Another Game in Town requires solving Three Tasks: 1 - Construct an EPR Physics Model that is consistent with Experimental Tests of Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen Reality; 2 - Use that EPR Physics Model to construct a Local Lagrangian that gives Gravity and the Standard Model with calculable Force Strengths and Particle Masses – such calculations will be seen to require the Math of Hua Luogeng; 3 - Quantize the Classical Local Lagrangian structure to get a Global Algebraic Quantum Field Theory (AQFT) which, as Bert Schroer said in hep-th/9608083, has “… emphasis on locality and … insistence of separating local … properties ... resid[ing] in … the algebraic structure of local observables … from global properties ... enter[ing] through … states and … representation spaces of local observables. Page 1 1 - An EPR Physics Model Joy Christian in arXiv 0904.4259 “Disproofs of Bell, GHZ, and Hardy Type Theorems and the Illusion of Entanglement” says: “… a [geometrically] correct local-realistic framework … provides exact, deterministic, and local underpinnings for at least the Bell, GHZ-3, GHZ-4, and Hardy states. -
(Hrsg.) Strafrecht in Reaktion Auf Systemunrecht
Albin Eser / Ulrich Sieber / Jörg Arnold (Hrsg.) Strafrecht in Reaktion auf Systemunrecht Schriftenreihe des Max-Planck-Instituts für ausländisches und internationales Strafrecht Strafrechtliche Forschungsberichte Herausgegeben von Ulrich Sieber in Fortführung der Reihe „Beiträge und Materialien aus dem Max-Planck-Institut für ausländisches und internationales Strafrecht Freiburg“ begründet von Albin Eser Band S 82.9 Strafrecht in Reaktion auf Systemunrecht Vergleichende Einblicke in Transitionsprozesse herausgegeben von Albin Eser • Ulrich Sieber • Jörg Arnold Band 9 China von Thomas Richter sdfghjk Duncker & Humblot • Berlin Bibliografische Information der Deutschen Bibliothek Die Deutsche Bibliothek verzeichnet diese Publikation in der Deutschen Nationalbibliografie; detaillierte bibliografische Daten sind im Internet über <http://dnb.ddb.de> abrufbar. DOI https://doi.org/10.30709/978-3-86113-876-X Redaktion: Petra Lehser Alle Rechte vorbehalten © 2006 Max-Planck-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der Wissenschaften e.V. c/o Max-Planck-Institut für ausländisches und internationales Strafrecht Günterstalstraße 73, 79100 Freiburg i.Br. http://www.mpicc.de Vertrieb in Gemeinschaft mit Duncker & Humblot GmbH, Berlin http://WWw.duncker-humblot.de Umschlagbild: Thomas Gade, © www.medienarchiv.com Druck: Stückle Druck und Verlag, Stückle-Straße 1, 77955 Ettenheim Printed in Germany ISSN 1860-0093 ISBN 3-86113-876-X (Max-Planck-Institut) ISBN 3-428-12129-5 (Duncker & Humblot) Gedruckt auf alterungsbeständigem (säurefreiem) Papier entsprechend ISO 9706 # Vorwort der Herausgeber Mit dem neunten Band der Reihe „Strafrecht in Reaktion auf Systemunrecht – Vergleichende Einblicke in Transitionsprozesse“ wird zur Volksrepublik China ein weiterer Landesbericht vorgelegt. Während die bisher erschienenen Bände solche Länder in den Blick nahmen, die hinsichtlich der untersuchten Transitionen einem „klassischen“ Systemwechsel von der Diktatur zur Demokratie entsprachen, ist die Einordung der Volksrepublik China schwieriger. -
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Advances in Social Science, Education and Humanities Research, volume 124 International Conference on Contemporary Education, Social Sciences and Humanities (ICCESSH 2017) Analysis on Music Education in Regular Colleges and Its Diversified Thinking Xia Wu Department of Music Xiamen University Tan Kah Kee College Xiamen, China Abstract—Music is the most natural expression of human of the stylized exam-oriented education. It transfers from thoughts and emotions. Music education can stimulate people’s single “intellectual education” to “music education” and creative thinking. However, the music education in regular “spiritual education”. In this process, students enjoy the colleges faces problems while achieving results and lags behind edification of music. It stimulates their creative spirit and the global multicultural music education in development. It is practical skills, trains their emotional attitude towards art and distinctly important to innovate in teaching ideas and train high ability of aesthetic judgment and lofty sentiments, laying solid quality music teachers in the multicultural music education. foundation for integrated development. Keywords—multicultural music education; innovation; music Amazingly, the invention of great significance and the teachers achievements of academic and scientific research of world famous scientists and Nobel Prize Winners come from imagery I. INTRODUCTION thinking and creativity. Music is an important way to enrich imagination. The information transmission of music sound The music education in regular colleges serves as an wave has peculiar and new stimulation on human’s creative important carrier of aesthetic education in quality-oriented thinking. The founder of relativity theory Einstein is an education and has profound connotations. outstanding physicist as well as an excellent violinist; the Music is the most natural expression of human thoughts founder of quantum theory Planck is a pianist; the famous and emotions. -
The New Route for Integration Between Scientific Spirits and Humanistic Spirit: with the Angle of Jobs
ISSN 1923-0176 [Print] Studies in Sociology of Science ISSN 1923-0184 [Online] Vol. 5, No. 3, 2014, pp. 22-25 www.cscanada.net DOI:10.3968/4957 www.cscanada.org The New Route for Integration Between Scientific Spirits and Humanistic Spirit: With the Angle of Jobs YANG Xingying[a],[b]; SUN Daojin[c]* [a]School of Political Science and Public Administration, Chongqing, but the “Apple” spirit with its representative, Jobs. Apple China. spirit has achieved high integration between scientific [b]Associate Professor, School Of Marxism, Guizhou University, Guizhou, China. spirits and humanistic spirits, and the discussion of [c]Professor, Center for Studies of Economic and Social Development, integration route can make great contributions to bridging Southwest University, Chongqing, China. the gaps between science and technology and culture, and *Corresponding author. also can promote the great development and prosperity of Supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central socialist cultures. Universities (SWU1309359); the General Project of National Social Science Fund (12BZX026); 2013 Guizhou University Project “Environmental Philosophy Localization Research” (2X2013070). 1. REVIEW THE ORIGINAL ROUTES Received 15 March 2014; accepted 29 June 2014 OF THE INTEGRATION BETWEEN Published online 27 August 2014 SCIENTIFIC SPIRIT AND HUMANISTIC Abstract SPIRIT At present, many scholars are discussing the organic Although a consensus has been reached in the problem integration between scientific spirits and humanistic of achieving integration between scientific spirit and spirits, but the discussions in integration route seem so humanistic spirit by many scholars, discussers’ opinions deficient, as well as the realistic operability. The “Apple” are not totally consistent with disputes existing. -
What Borrowing Buys Us
WHAT BORROWING BUYS US A STUDY OF MANDARIN CHINESE LOANWORD PHONOLOGY Published by LOT phone: +31 30 253 6006 Trans 10 3512 JK Utrecht e-mail: [email protected] The Netherlands http://www.lotschool.nl Cover illustration: Crane birds , variation on picture taken by Michael Winkels ISBN: 978-94-6093-087-4 NUR 616 Copyright © 2012: Xiaoli Dong. All rights reserved. WHAT BORROWING BUYS US A STUDY OF MANDARIN CHINESE LOANWORD PHONOLOGY CHINESE LEENWOORDFONOLOGIE : EEN STUDIE (MET EEN SAMENVATTING IN HET NEDERLANDS ) Proefschrift ter verkrijging van de graad van doctor aan de Universiteit Utrecht op gezag van de rector magnificus, prof. dr. G. J. van der Zwaan ingevolge het besluit van het college voor promoties in het openbaar te verdedigen op vrijdag 7 september 2012 des middags te 2.30 uur door Xiaoli Dong geboren op 29 december 1982 te Ruian, China Promotor: Prof. dr. W. Zonneveld FOR MY PARENTS 献给我的父亲母亲 TABLE OF CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS xiii CHAPTER 1 General introduction 1.1 Introduction 1 1.2 Goal 1: analyzing MC loanword phonology based on a corpus study 3 1.3 Goal 2: phonological vs. phonetic in loanword adaptation 4 1.4 The structure of the dissertation 5 CHAPTER 2 Previous loanword studies 2.1 Introduction 9 2.2 Phonological view – perception is irrelevant 9 2.3 Phonetic view – perception is relevant 11 2.3.1 Perception is relevant and it is all 11 2.3.2 Perception is relevant but it is not all 15 2.3.2.1 Loanword-specific rankings are needed 16 2.3.2.2 No loanword specific rankings 20 2.4 Conclusion 28 CHAPTER 3 Loanword adaptation scenarios -
Biophysics, Rockets, and the State
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by ASU Digital Repository Biophysics, Rockets, and the State: the Making of a Scientific Discipline in Twentieth-Century China by Yi Lai Christine Luk A Dissertation Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy Approved March 2014 by the Graduate Supervisory Committee: Ann Hibner Koblitz, Chair Hoyt Tillman Jane Maienschein ARIZONA STATE UNIVERSITY May 2014 ABSTRACT This study takes biophysics––a relatively new field with complex origins and contested definitions––as the research focus and investigates the history of disciplinary formation in twentieth-century China. The story of building a scientific discipline in modern China illustrates how a science specialty evolved from an ambiguous and amorphous field into a full-fledged academic discipline in specific socio-institutional contexts. It focuses on archival sources and historical writings concerning the constitution and definition of biophysics in order to examine the relationship between particular scientific styles, national priorities, and institutional opportunities in the People's Republic of China. It argues that Chinese biophysicists exhibited a different style of conceiving and organizing their discipline by adapting to the institutional structure and political economy that had been created since 1949. The eight chapters demonstrate that biophysics as a scientific discipline flourished in China only where priorities of science were congruent with political and institutional imperatives. Initially consisting of cell biologists, the Chinese biophysics community redirected their disciplinary priorities toward rocket science in the late 1950s to accommodate the national need of the time. Biophysicists who had worked on biological sounding rockets were drawn to the military sector and continued to contribute to human spaceflight in post-Mao China. -
Dictionary of Hong Kong Biography
Dictionary of Hong Kong Biography Edited by May Holdsworth and Christopher Munn Hong Kong University Press 14/F Hing Wai Centre 7 Tin Wan Praya Road Aberdeen Hong Kong www.hkupress.org © Hong Kong University Press 2012 ISBN 978-988-8083-66-4 All rights reserved. No portion of this publication my be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopy, recording, or any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library. 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Printed and bound by Paramount Printing Company Limited, Hong Kong, China Hong Kong University Press is grateful to the following for their generous support of this project: The Bank of East Asia Ltd T. H. Chan Publication Fund The Croucher Foundation Edko Films Ltd Gordon & Anna Pan Royal Asiatic Society Hong Kong Branch Shun Hing Education & Charity Fund Ltd Dr Sze Nien Dak University Grants Committee of the Hong Kong SAR Editorial Board Elizabeth Sinn (Chair) May Holdsworth Joseph Ting John M. Carroll Christine Loh Y.C. Wan Chan Wai Kwan Bernard Luk Wang Gungwu Peter Cunich Christopher Munn Yip Hon Ming Colin Day Carl T. Smith Picture Editor Ko Tim Keung Contributors Shiona M. Airlie Cornelia ‘Nelly’ Lichauco Fung Norman J. Miners Hugh D.R. Baker Richard Garrett Christopher Munn Tony Banham Valery Garrett Ng Chun Hung Ruy Barretto Leo F. Goodstadt Sandy Ng Bert Becker Judith Green Robert Nield Jasper Becker Peter Halliday Timothy O’Connell Gillian Bickley Peter E. -
University of London Ihesis
19 1562106X UNIVERSITY OF LONDON IHESIS DegreeT^D^ Year2o o\ Name of Author5&<Z <2 (NQ-To N , T. COPYRIGHT This is a thesis accepted for a Higher Degree of the University of London. It is an unpublished typescript and the copyright is held by the author. All persons consulting the thesis must read and abide by the Copyright Declaration below. COPYRIGHT DECLARATION I recognise that the copyright of the above-described thesis rests with the author and that no quotation from it or information derived from it may be published without the prior written consent of the author. LOAN Theses may not be lent to individuals, but the University Library may lend a copy to approved libraries within the United Kingdom, for consultation solely on the premises of those libraries. Application should be made to: The Theses Section, University of London Library, Senate House, Malet Street, London WC1E 7HU. REPRODUCTON University of London theses may not be reproduced without explicit written permission from the University of London Library. Enquiries should be addressed to the Theses Section of the Library. Regulations concerning reproduction vary according to the date of acceptance of the thesis and are listed below as guidelines. A. Before 1962. Permission granted only upon the prior written consent of the author. (The University Library will provide addresses where possible). B. 1962 - 1974. In many cases the author has agreed to permit copying upon completion of a Copyright Declaration. C. 1975 - 1988. Most theses may be copied upon completion of a Copyright Declaration. D. 1989 onwards. Most theses may be copied. -
DONNE E SCIENZA NELLA CINA CONTEMPORANEA Il Ruolo Femminile Nella Costruzione Della Leadership Scientifica Cinese
Corso di Laurea magistrale in LINGUE E CIVILTÀ DELL'ASIA E DELL'AFRICA MEDITERRANEA Tesi di Laurea DONNE E SCIENZA NELLA CINA CONTEMPORANEA Il ruolo femminile nella costruzione della leadership scientifica cinese Relatrice Ch.ma Prof.ssa Laura De Giorgi Correlatore Ch. Prof. Guido Samarani Laureanda Elena Bonometti Matricola 851223 Anno Accademico 2018 / 2019 ABSTRACT Negli ultimi decenni ci sono stati progressi nell’impegno per eliminare il divario di genere nell'ambito dell'istruzione e delle carriere scientifiche. A livello mondiale, tuttavia, le donne rappresentano ancora una minoranza nella comunità scientifica. La Cina contemporanea, attualmente tra le nazioni che maggiormente investono nella scienza e tecnologia, punta a diventare una potenza scientifica a livello globale. Essendo le donne cinesi una parte di popolazione significativa, la nazione ha riconosciuto negli ultimi decenni l’importanza e la necessità di cambiare la visione che aveva sulle donne e ha cominciato a investire nella forza lavoro che esse rappresentano. La ricerca pone l’attenzione sul ruolo che le donne cinesi hanno nella società, analizzando in particolare la loro partecipazione nelle STEM. Il fine di questo lavoro è comprendere la tendenza nella Cina di oggi per quanto riguarda donne e scienza: qual è il loro ruolo, qual è la loro presenza, qual è il loro contributo e qual è il possibile trend futuro. L’obiettivo è comprendere se e come questo ambito, tendenzialmente considerato maschile in tutto il mondo, venga promosso alle donne cinesi per rispondere