DOCSLIB.ORG

Multilevel Spatial Impact Analysis of High-Speed Rail and Station Placement: a Short-Term Empirical Study of the Taiwan HSR

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Multilevel Spatial Impact Analysis of High-Speed Rail and Station Placement: a Short-Term Empirical Study of the Taiwan HSR T J T L U http://jtlu.org V. 13 N. 1 [2020] pp. 317–341 Multilevel spatial impact analysis of high-speed rail and station placement: A short-term empirical study of the Taiwan HSR Yu-Hsin Tsai Jhong-yun Guan National Chengchi University Dept. of Urban Development, Taipei City [email protected] Government [email protected] Yi-hsin Chung Dept. of Urban Development, Taipei City Government [email protected] Abstract: Understanding the impact of high-speed rail (HSR) services Article history: on spatial distributions of population and employment is important for Received: September 15, 2019 planning and policy concerning HSR station location as well as a wide Received in revised form: May range of complementary spatial, transportation, and urban planning 14, 2020 initiatives. Previous research, however, has yielded mixed results into the Accepted: May 26, 2020 extent of this impact and a number of influential factors rarely have been Available online: November 4, controlled for during assessment. This study aims to address this gap 2020 by controlling for socioeconomic and transportation characteristics in evaluating the spatial impacts of HSR (including station placement) at multiple spatial levels to assess overall impact across metropolitan areas. The Taiwan HSR is used for this empirical study. Research methods include descriptive statistics, multilevel analysis, and multiple regression analysis. Findings conclude that HSR-based towns, on average, may experience growing population and employment, but HSR-based counties are likely to experience relatively less growth of employment in the tertiary sector. HSR stations located in urban or suburban settings may have a more significant spatial impact. This differential in spatial change may be attributed to a high concentration of some subsectors and transportation services in the study area. Policy implications include adopting policies that encourage higher density at the local level, considering rural areas as a last choice for the installation of new HSR stations, and the use of HSR station placement to initiate brownfield urban regeneration in the urban core. Keywords: High-speed rail, station placement, spatial distribution, multilevel analysis Copyright 2020 Yu-Hsin Tsai, Jhong-yun Guan & Yi-hsin Chung http://dx.doi.org/10.5198/jtlu.2020.1667 ISSN: 1938-7849 | Licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution – Noncommercial License 4.0 TheJournal of Transport and Land Use is the official journal of the World Society for Transport and Land Use (WSTLUR) and is published and sponsored by the University of Minnesota Center for Transportation Studies. 318 JOURNAL OF TRANSPORT AND LAND USE 13.1 1 Introduction The impact of high-speed rail (HSR) services and station location on the spatial distribution of popula- tion and employment has implications for a wide range of planning decisions including cost-benefit analyses, the location selection process, and other complementary spatial and transportation initiatives such as urban regeneration (Bertolini, 1996) and feeder transit services (Murakami & Cervero, 2012). Knowledge of potential impact is also used to guide real estate and other investments. Past research has contributed significantly to understanding how HSR improves middle-range inter-city accessibility (Willigers & van Wee, 2011) and activities (Garmendia, Ureña, & Coronado, 2011; Wu, Liang, & Wu, 2016; Wetwitoo & Kato, 2017), and how HSR initiates long-term growth in employment and popula- tion (Willigers & van Wee, 2011) within major or secondary cities (Preston & Wall, 2008; Li, Huang, Li, & Zhang, 2016). Areas located within the HSR service-shed tend to experience more growth than those outside such sheds (Yin, Bertolini, & Duan, 2015; Diao, 2018). Despite the highly targeted na- ture of these studies they have nonetheless greatly advanced our knowledge of HSR’s spatial impact and together form the foundation for a more comprehensive and complex understanding. The full extent of this impact and the ways in which relevant variables interact across spatial scales is where significant gaps in the literature remain. It is unclear whether HSR services contribute more significantly to the growth of large metropolitan centers, or inversely to a decentralization effect towards smaller cities (Chen, Loukaitou-Sideris, Ureña, & Vickerman, 2019). Research has largely focused on the spatial impacts of HSR station placement on station-adjacent areas (Facchinetti-Mannone, 2009; Kim, Sultana, & Weber, 2018), while less has been written on the metropolitan area itself as a whole. Crucial factors such as the existing socioeconomic and transportation characteristics of impacted areas in question remain to be taken into account when analyzing at various discrete levels (Ureña, Men- erault, & Garmendia, 2009) or across metropolitan areas (Chen et al., 2019). This empirical study, prompted by the 2007 opening of the Taiwan HSR (THSR) and the 2011 quinquennial National Industry and Commerce Survey (Taiwan Government, 2015a), addresses this relative lack of study on complex, multi-scalar spatial impact. The aims of the study are threefold: (1) to further the knowledge of HSR station placement impact across spatial levels, (2) to introduce methodological controls for so- cioeconomic and transportation characteristics when conducting multi-level analysis, and (3) to expand the usual scope of study by evaluating overall impact across multiple metropolitan areas. The first section reviews the literature on HSR’s spatial effects on population and employment, the second describes the chosen research methods, the third looks at Taiwan’s context and four THSR regression models based on multilevel analysis, and the final two sections discuss empirical results and potential policy implications drawn from this analysis. 2 HSR’s spatial impacts on population and employment Spatial redistribution of population and employment occurs for a variety of reasons driven by direct and indirect factors. In theory the relocation of households and firms can be triggered by HSR-re- shaped territorial accessibility and resultant change in competitiveness between areas. In addition to individual patrons and firms whose business trips, primarily those of high value requiring face-to-face contact (Rouwendal & Rietveld, 1994; Bruinsma & Rietveld, 1998; Zheng & Kahnb, 2013), require HSR (Willigers & van Wee, 2011), HSR-driven relocation closer to a particular station or city usually involves a second, indirectly affected group. This group may include firms moving into HSR-driven communities driven by economic agglomeration to better provide local services as well as new residents moving for reasons such as shorter commute or better environment (Blum, Haynes, & Karlsson, 1997; Multilevel spatial impact analysis of high-speed rail and station placement 319 Kim, 2000). The previous literature discussing these multiple modalities of spatial redistribution can be organized according to the spatial level in question: (1) Sub-city-level impacts. The mixed empirical findings on the significance of HSR’s spatial impact at the sub-city-level (Hall, 2009; Chen et al., 2019) can be better interpreted with the assistance of HSR trip origin and destination patterns as well as an understanding of HSR’s synergistic impacts when combined with other factors (Yin et al., 2015). Individual industries such as high-tech, information ex- change (Freeman, 2007), leisure services, and conference industries are the most likely to relocate closer to HSR stations (Givoni, 2006; Hall, 2009). As far as patterns of population or industries as a whole are concerned, an HSR’s impact zone is presumably associated with either the origin or destination of the associated HSR trips. These trips are reasonably further than walking distance while still occurring within a certain level of accessibility to the HSR station;, e.g., between 2 and 6 kilometers (Murakami & Cervero, 2012; Shen, Silva, & Martínez, 2014). In Taiwan’s case some 60% of HSR trips which were produced or attracted to within a 10 kilometer radius for all eight stations across the country (Wang, Tsai, Chung, & Guan, 2020). In addition to this local impact catchment some research has argued that spatial differentials be- tween areas equally affected by HSR may be attributed to other attractive characteristics that affect the relocating decisions of households and firms (Willigers & van Wee, 2011). These attractive char- acteristics may include socioeconomic factors (urban hierarchy, economic structure, leisure facilities, and science parks), other transportation services (for example, feeder services and airports), planning interventions, availability of affordable land (Mohino, Loukaitou-Sideris, & Ureña, 2014), and station placement itself (Chen et al., 2019). (2) City-level impacts. It has been argued that HSR can improve inter-city cohesion (Garmendia, Ureña, Ribalaygua, Leal, & Coronada, 2008) and drive economic agglomeration either within major cities (Levinson, 2010; Preston & Wall, 2008) or towards intermediate and secondary cities (Li et al., 2016; Diao, 2018) at the expense of smaller ones and the hinterland (Gutiérrez, González, & Gomez, 1996; Ureña et al., 2009). Past literature partially supports the agglomeration within larger cities thesis, but studies have been inconclusive in cases of smaller or intermediate cities (Garmendia et al., 2008). Some (but not all) HSR-based cities closer to their metropolitan centres have been strengthened (Ureña et al., 2009; Mohino,
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Taiwan's Nationwide Cancer Registry System of 40 Years: Past, Present
    Journal of the Formosan Medical Association (2019) 118, 856e858 Available online at www.sciencedirect.com ScienceDirect journal homepage: www.jfma-online.com Perspective Taiwan’s Nationwide Cancer Registry System of 40 years: Past, present, and future Chun-Ju Chiang a,b, Ying-Wei Wang c, Wen-Chung Lee a,b,* a Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan b Taiwan Cancer Registry, Taipei, Taiwan c Health Promotion Administration, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Taipei, Taiwan Received 29 October 2018; accepted 15 January 2019 The Taiwan Cancer Registry (TCR) is a nationwide demonstrate that the TCR is one of the highest-quality population-based cancer registry system that was estab- cancer registries in the world.3 lished by the Ministry of Health and Welfare in 1979. The The TCR publishes annual cancer statistics for all cancer data of patients with newly diagnosed malignant cancer in sites, and the TCR’s accurate data is used for policy making hospitals with 50 or more beds in Taiwan are collected and and academic research. For example, the Health Promotion reported to the TCR. To evaluate cancer care patterns and Administration (HPA) in Taiwan has implemented national treatment outcomes in Taiwan, the TCR established a long- screening programs for cancers of the cervix uteri, oral form database in which cancer staging and detailed treat- cavity, colon, rectum, and female breast,4 and the TCR ment and recurrence information has been recorded since database has been employed to verify the effectiveness of 2002. Furthermore, in 2011, the long-form database these nationwide cancer screening programs for reducing began to include detailed information regarding cancer cancer burdens in Taiwan.5,6 Additionally, liver cancer was site-specific factors, such as laboratory values, tumor once a major health problem in Taiwan; however, since the markers, and other clinical data related to patient care.
    [Show full text]
  • Democratic Values and Democratic Support in East Asia
    Democratic Values and Democratic Support in East Asia Kuan-chen Lee [email protected] Postdoctoral fellow, Institute of Political Science, Academia Sinica Judy Chia-yin Wei [email protected] Postdoctoral fellow, Center for East Asia Democratic Studies, National Taiwan University Stan Hok-Wui Wong [email protected] Assistant Professor, Department of Applied Social Sciences, Hong Kong Polytechnic University Karl Ho [email protected] Associate Professor, School of Economic, Political, and Policy Sciences, University of Texas at Dallas Harold D. Clarke [email protected] Ashbel Smith Professor, School of Economic, Political, and Policy Sciences, University of Texas at Dallas Introduction In East Asia, 2014 was an epochal year for transformation of social, economic and political orders. Students in Taiwan and Hong Kong each led a large scale social movement in 2014 that not only caught international attention, but also profoundly influenced domestic politics afterwards. According to literature of political socialization, it is widely assumed that the occurrences of such a huge event will produce period effects which bring socio-political attitudinal changes for all citizens, or at least, cohort effects, which affect political views for a group of people who has experienced the event in its formative years. While existing studies have accumulated fruitful knowledge in the socio-political structure of the student-led movement, the profiles of the supporters in each movement, as well as the causes and consequences of the student demonstrations in the elections (Ho, 2015; Hawang, 2016; Hsiao and Wan, 2017; Stan, forthcoming; Ho et al., forthcoming), relatively few studies pay attention to the link between democratic legitimacy and student activism.
    [Show full text]
  • Crustal Structures from the Wuyi-Yunkai Orogen to the Taiwan Orogen: the Onshore-Offshore Wide-Angle Seismic Experiments of the TAIGER and ATSEE Projects
    Tectonophysics 692 (2016) 164–180 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Tectonophysics journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/tecto Crustal structures from the Wuyi-Yunkai orogen to the Taiwan orogen: The onshore-offshore wide-angle seismic experiments of the TAIGER and ATSEE projects Yao-Wen Kuo a,Chien-YingWanga,HaoKuo-Chena,⁎, Xin Jin b,c,Hui-TengCaib,c,Jing-YiLina, Francis T. Wu d, Horng-Yuan Yen a, Bor-Shouh Huang e, Wen-Tzong Liang e, David Okaya f, Larry Brown g a Dept. of Earth Sciences, National Central University, Zhongli, Taiwan b College of Civil Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, China c Earthquake Administration of Fujian Province, Fuzhou, China d Dept. of Geological and Environmental Science, State University of New York at Binghamton, Binghamton, USA e Institute of Earth Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan f Dept. of Earth Science, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA g Dept. of Earth and Atmosphere Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA article info abstract Article history: Knowledge of the crustal structure is important for understanding the tectonic framework and geological evolu- Received 8 March 2015 tion of southeastern China and adjacent areas. In this study, we integrated the datasets from the TAIGER (TAiwan Received in revised form 9 August 2015 Integrated GEodynamic Research) and ATSEE (Across Taiwan Strait Explosion Experiment) projects to resolve Accepted 20 September 2015 onshore-offshore deep crustal seismic profiles from the Wuyi-Yunkai orogen to the Taiwan orogen in southeast- Available online 30 September 2015 ern China. Three seismic profiles were resolved, and the longest profile was 850 km.
    [Show full text]
  • A Spatial Analysis
    International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health Article Social Determinants of Diabetes-Related Preventable Hospitalization in Taiwan: A Spatial Analysis Chung-Yi Li 1 , Yung-Chung Chuang 2 , Pei-Chun Chen 3 , Michael S. Chen 4,5, Miaw-Chwen Lee 5 , Li-Jung Elizabeth Ku 1 and Chiachi Bonnie Lee 6,* 1 Department of Public Health, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701401, Taiwan; [email protected] (C.-Y.L.); [email protected] (L.-J.E.K.) 2 Department of Urban Planning and Spatial Information, Feng Chia University, Taichung 407802, Taiwan; [email protected] 3 Department of Public Health, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan; [email protected] 4 Department of Healthcare Administration, Asia University, Taichung 41354, Taiwan; [email protected] 5 Department of Social Welfare and Center for Innovative Research on Aging Society, National Chung Cheng University, Chiayi 62102, Taiwan; [email protected] 6 Department of Health Services Administration, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan * Correspondence: [email protected] Abstract: Diabetes-Related Preventable Hospitalization (DRPH) has been identified as an important indicator of efficiency and quality of the health system and can be modified by social determinants. However, the spatial disparities, clustering, and relationships between DRPH and social determinants have rarely been investigated. Accordingly, this study examined the association of DRPH with area deprivation, densities of certificated diabetes health-promoting clinics (DHPC) and hospitals (DHPH), Citation: Li, C.-Y.; Chuang, Y.-C.; and the presence of elderly social services (ESS) using both statistical and spatial analyses.
    [Show full text]
  • Epidemiology of Gout in the United Kingdom and Taiwan
    Epidemiology of gout in the United Kingdom and Taiwan Kuo, Chang‐Fu Thesis submitted to the University of Nottingham for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy December 2014 Abstract Background: Gout is the most common inflammatory arthritis worldwide. The hallmarks of initial gout presentation are acute pain, swelling, erythema and tenderness in peripheral joints but eventually unremitting arthritis, joint deformity and tophus deposition may develop with long‐standing hyperuricaemia. Patients with gout suffer not only arthritis but also cardiovascular, renal, metabolic and other comorbidities. Since gout is the consequence of chronic hyperuricaemia, urate‐lowering treatments (ULT) helps prevent the formation of urate crystals and promote dissolution of existing crystals. Methods: This thesis contained results from a series of observational studies relating to gout. The data sources included the Clinical Practice Research Data‐link in the UK and the National Health Insurance Database in Taiwan, both of which are representative of the general population in these two countries. Six different analyses were carried out: (1) epidemiology of gout in the UK (chapter 3); (2) epidemiology of gout in Taiwan (chapter 4); (3) Nature history of gout following diagnosis in the UK (chapter 5); (4) familial aggregation and heritability of gout in Taiwan (chapter 6); (5) risk of comorbidities occurring before gout diagnosis (chapter 7) and (6) Effects of allopurinol on all‐cause mortality (chapter 8). i Results: This study estimated that the prevalence of gout was 2.49% in the UK in 2012 and 6.24% in Taiwan. Incidence of gout was also higher in Taiwan (3.47 per 1,000 person years in 2010) than in the UK (1.77 per 1,000 person years in 2012).
    [Show full text]
  • Taiwan's Marginalized Role in International Security: Paying a Price
    JANUARY 2015 A Report of the CSIS Freeman Chair in China Studies AUTHORS Bonnie S. Glaser Jacqueline A. Vitello 1616 Rhode Island Avenue NW | Washington, DC 20036 t. 202.887.0200 | f. 202.775.3199 | www.csis.org ROWMAN & LITTLEFIELD Lanham • Boulder • New York • Toronto • Plymouth, UK 4501 Forbes Boulevard, Lanham, MD 20706 t. 800.462.6420 | f. 301.429.5749 | www.rowman.com Cover photo: Taiwan aid workers provide disaster relief in the Philippines after Typhoon Haiyan (2013). Credit: International Headquarters S.A.R., Taiwan. Taiwan’s Marginalized Role ISBN 978-1-4422-4059-9 Ë|xHSLEOCy240599z v*:+:!:+:! in International Security Paying a Price Blank Taiwan’s Marginalized Role in International Security Paying a Price AUTHORS Bonnie S. Glaser Jacqueline A. Vitello A Report of the CSIS Freeman Chair in China Studies January 2015 ROWMAN & LITTLEFIELD Lanham • Boulder • New York • Toronto • Plymouth, UK About CSIS For over 50 years, the Center for Strategic and International Studies (CSIS) has worked to develop solutions to the world’s greatest policy challenges. Today, CSIS scholars are providing strategic insights and bipartisan policy solutions to help decisionmakers chart a course toward a better world. CSIS is a nonprofit or ga ni za tion headquartered in Washington, D.C. The Center’s 220 full- time staff and large network of affiliated scholars conduct research and analysis and develop policy initiatives that look into the future and anticipate change. Founded at the height of the Cold War by David M. Abshire and Admiral Arleigh Burke, CSIS was dedicated to finding ways to sustain American prominence and prosperity as a force for good in the world.
    [Show full text]
  • Revista UNISCI / UNISCI Journal
    Nº 46 January/Enero 2018 6 TAIWAN´S FOREIGN AND SECURITY POLICY Roberto Ren-rang Chyou (coordinator ) UNISCI Roberto Ren-rang A Review of the cross-Strait Relations according to the Chyou Rise of a Chinese Community and Hegemonic Competition: A Strategic Consideration about the Construction of the cross-Oceanic Canal UNIDAD DE Ping-Kuei Chen Sitting outside the Network: Reassuring the stability INVESTIGACIÓN of Taiwan Strait under the Trump Administration SOBRE SEGURIDAD Y Kwei-bo Huang Taiwan’s New Southbound Policy: Background, Objectives, COOPERACIÓN Framework, and Limits INTERNACIONAL Elisa Hsiu-chi Wang Challenge for Diplomatic Relations of the Republic of China with Latin America after Regime Rotation in 2016 RESEARCH UNIT ON Chung-Hung Cho Enhancing EU-Taiwan Economic Cooperation Agreement INTERNATIONAL SECURITY AND COOPERATION Fabricio A. Fonseca Looking for a Platform in North America: Taiwan, Mexico and cross-Strait Relations ISSN 2386-9453 Terrorism Rohan Gunaratna Global Threat Forecast in 2018 Francesco S. Angió Jihadist Groups in the Sahel. An Etymological Analysis European Security Sotiris Serbos Revisiting Europe´s Geopolitical Landscape after Georgios Anastasiadis the Ukraine Crisis: America´s Balance of Power Strategy Jaroslav Usiak Military Recruitment Model for Armed Forces of Small Erik Gorner States and Middle Power. The European Example n Post-Conflict in Colombia Jerónimo Ríos Transformations in the Narrative of the Colombian Public Forces within the Framework of the Armed Post conflict: From Military Victory to Territorial Peace 5 Disponible on -line: Available on-line: www.unisci.es Revista UNISCI / UNISCI Journal Revista UNISCI / UNISCI Journal es una revista científica de acceso abierto, con sistema de evaluación por pares, sobre Relaciones Internacionales y Seguridad; ambas entendidas en sentido amplio y desde un enfoque multidimensional, abierto a diferentes perspectivas teóricas.
    [Show full text]
  • Taiwanese Aquaculture, Trade Governance, and Sustainability
    University of Calgary PRISM: University of Calgary's Digital Repository Graduate Studies The Vault: Electronic Theses and Dissertations 2017 Selling Fish across the Strait: Taiwanese Aquaculture, Trade Governance, and Sustainability Cheng, Siu Kei Cheng, S. K. (2017). Selling Fish across the Strait: Taiwanese Aquaculture, Trade Governance, and Sustainability (Unpublished doctoral thesis). University of Calgary, Calgary, AB. doi:10.11575/PRISM/27747 http://hdl.handle.net/11023/4062 doctoral thesis University of Calgary graduate students retain copyright ownership and moral rights for their thesis. You may use this material in any way that is permitted by the Copyright Act or through licensing that has been assigned to the document. For uses that are not allowable under copyright legislation or licensing, you are required to seek permission. Downloaded from PRISM: https://prism.ucalgary.ca UNIVERSITY OF CALGARY Selling Fish across the Strait: Taiwanese Aquaculture, Trade Governance, and Sustainability by Siu Kei Cheng A THESIS SUBMITTED TO THE FACULTY OF GRADUATE STUDIES IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY GRADUATE PROGRAM IN ANTHROPOLOGY CALGARY, ALBERTA SEPTEMBER, 2017 © Siu Kei Cheng 2017 Abstract This research examines how Taiwanese fish farmers have globalized their farmed seafood and pursued sustainable aquaculture since 1968, the year that Taiwan succeeded in artificially propagating tiger prawns ( Penaeus monodon ). My key question is whether and how the Economic Cooperation Framework Agreement (ECFA)—a bilateral free trade agreement signed by Taiwan and China in 2010—affects Taiwanese fish farmers. In this agreement, China made concessions by eliminating tariffs on the enlisted Taiwanese seafood products, focusing primarily on grouper (Ephinephelus ) and milkfish ( Chanos chanos ).
    [Show full text]
  • Comparing the Cultural Contents of Mandarin Reading Textbooks in China, Hong Kong, Singapore and Taiwan
    CICE Hiroshima University, Journal of International Cooperation in Education, Vol.14 No.2 (2011) pp.67 ～ 81 Comparing the Cultural Contents of Mandarin Reading Textbooks in China, Hong Kong, Singapore and Taiwan Yi-Jung Wu Shih Hsin University, Taiwan Abstract In China, Hong Kong, Singapore and Taiwan, Mandarin Chinese is considered the official language (or one of the dominating languages). The four geographical areas have been organized around relatively independent political and administrative systems for the past century. Even after Hong Kong’s return to China in 1997, the special administrative area has maintained a level of autonomy in many aspects, including its educational system. This paper has two primary aims: first, to analyze the reading curriculum and textbooks that are employed in these four locales and explore to the extent to which the same language, Mandarin, is taught differently in each educational system; and second, to investigate and discuss how the design of the reading curriculum and textbooks differentially reflects core aspects of the society, culture, and political ideologies in each setting. Introduction The Mandarin Chinese language has become a widely used language around the world. Currently there are more than 1.3 billion people who consider Mandarin Chinese as their native language (United Nations, 2011). The dominance of China in economic, political, military, and cultural developments over the past decade makes it a “rising dragon” in the world. In addition to China, there are three other areas— namely, Hong Kong, Singapore, Taiwan--where Mandarin Chinese is considered as one of the major/official languages. Together these four areas play important roles in current world economy, especially in East Asia.
    [Show full text]
  • Seasonal Patterns of Japanese Encephalitis and Associated Meteorological Factors in Taiwan
    International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health Article Seasonal Patterns of Japanese Encephalitis and Associated Meteorological Factors in Taiwan Che-Liang Lin 1, Hsiao-Ling Chang 2,3, Chuan-Yao Lin 4 and Kow-Tong Chen 5,6,* 1 Internal Medicine Chest Division, Chi-Mei Medical Center, Liouying, Tainan 736, Taiwan; [email protected] 2 Division of Infection Control and Biosafety, Centers for Disease Control, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Taipei 104, Taiwan; [email protected] 3 School of Public Health, National Defense Medical Center, National Defense University, Taipei 117, Taiwan 4 Research Center for Environmental Changes, Academia Sinica, 115, Taiwan; [email protected] 5 Department of Occupational Medicine, Tainan Municipal Hospital (Managed by Show Chwan Medical Care Corporation), Tainan 701, Taiwan 6 Department of Public Health, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +886-6260-9926; Fax: +886-6260-6351 Received: 22 September 2017; Accepted: 27 October 2017; Published: 29 October 2017 Abstract: The persistent transmission of Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) in Taiwan necessitates exploring the risk factors of occurrence of Japanese encephalitis (JE). The purpose of this study was to assess the relationship between meteorological factors and the incidence of JE in Taiwan. We collected data for cases of JE reported to the Taiwan Centers for Disease Control (Taiwan CDC) from 2000 to 2014. Meteorological data were obtained from the Taiwan Central Weather Bureau. The relationships between weather variability and the incidence of JE in Taiwan were determined via Poisson regression analysis and a case-crossover methodology.
    [Show full text]
  • Comparison of Illegal Drug Use Pattern in Taiwan and Korea from 2006 To
    Feng et al. Substance Abuse Treatment, Prevention, and Policy (2016) 11:34 DOI 10.1186/s13011-016-0078-x RESEARCH Open Access Comparison of illegal drug use pattern in Taiwan and Korea from 2006 to 2014 Ling-Yi Feng1, Wen-Jing Yu1, Wei-Ting Chang1, Eunyoung Han2, Heesun Chung3* and Jih-Heng Li1* Abstract Background: Illegal drug use has long been a global concern. Taiwan and Korea are geographically adjacent and both countries have experienced the illegal use problems of methamphetamine, a predominant prototype of New Psychoactive Substances (NPS). NPS, a term coined by the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC) in recent years, have not been scrutinized for their safety and may become a new threat to public health and security worldwide. To conduct evidence-based drug policy, it is imperative to estimate the trend and pattern of illegal drug use. Therefore, this study aims to analyze and compare the current status of drug-related seizures, arrests and illegal drug use, with a focus on methamphetamine and NPS, between Taiwan and Korea. Methods: Data of illegal drug (including NPS)-related seizures and arrests were collected via anti-drug related agencies of both countries from 2006 through 2014.Since listing of NPS as controlled substances was a result of NPS abuse liability through official evaluation, the items of controlled NPS were used as an indicator of emerging use. These data obtained from Taiwan and Korea was then compared. Results: The results showed that while methamphetamine remained as a predominant drug in both Taiwan and Korea for decades, different illegal drug use patterns have been observed in these two countries.
    [Show full text]
  • Cathay Financial Holdings Financial Cathay
    Integrity, Accountability, Creativity Cathay Financial Holdings Financial Cathay Contents Letter to Shareholders ...................................................................................................... 04 Overview of Cathay Financial Holding Co., Ltd Company Profle .......................................................................................................................05 Organizational Chart ................................................................................................................06 Group Affliates .........................................................................................................................06 Board of Directors, Independent Directors and Key Management .....................................07 Capital and Shares ....................................................................................................................07 2015 Business Plan ....................................................................................................................08 Contents Overview of Subsidiaries Cathay Life Insurance Co., Ltd. Cathay Securities Message from the President ............................... 10 Investment Trust Co., Ltd. Message from the Chairman ............................. 30 Company Profle .................................................. 11 Company Profle ................................................. 31 Business Scope ................................................... 13 Business Scope .................................................. 33
    [Show full text]