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İmtiyaz Sahibi / Publisher • Yaşar Hız Genel Yayın Yönetmeni / Editor in Chief • Eda Altunel Kapak & İç Tasarım / Cover & Interior Design • Gece Kitaplığı Editörler / Editors • Prof. Dr. Ruba Kasmo Assist. Prof. Dr. Lana Kudumovic Birinci Basım / First Edition • © Eylül 2020 ISBN • 978-625-7243-78-0 © copyright Bu kitabın yayın hakkı Gece Kitaplığı’na aittir. Kaynak gösterilmeden alıntı yapılamaz, izin almadan hiçbir yolla çoğaltılamaz. The right to publish this book belongs to Gece Kitaplığı. Citation can not be shown without the source, reproduced in any way without permission. Gece Kitaplığı / Gece Publishing Türkiye Adres / Turkey Address: Kızılay Mah. Fevzi Çakmak 1. Sokak Ümit Apt. No: 22/A Çankaya / Ankara / TR Telefon / Phone: +90 312 384 80 40 web: www.gecekitapligi.com e-mail: [email protected] Baskı & Cilt / Printing & Volume Sertifika / Certificate No: 47083 Theory and Research in Architecture, Planning and Design Editors Prof. Dr. Ruba Kasmo Assist. Prof. Dr. Lana Kudumovic CONTENTS CHAPTER 1 STORAGE FURNITURE FROM TRADITIONAL TO THE CONTEM- PORARY IN TURKISH HOUSE Oğuz DEMİRARSLAN & Deniz DEMİRARSLAN .......................... 1 CHAPTER 2 CITIES OF THE FUTURE: ‘READING THROUGH THE UTOPIAS AND DYSTOPIAS’ Ayşe AKBULUT .................................................................................. 17 CHAPTER 3 EXPLORING RECENT IMPLEMENTATIONS OF FLEXIBILITY IN STADIUMS ARCHITECTURE Khaled Selo & M. Ebru Erdönmez Dinçer .......................................... 35 CHAPTER 4 NEW APPROACHES OF LEED ON ENERGY EFFICIENCY FOR REACHING A SUSTAINABLE DESIGN Hacer Özlem Demirtepe & Ebru Erdönmez Dinçer ............................ 57 CHAPTER 5 IDENTIFICATION OF RURAL LANDSCAPES AUTHENTICITY IN ODEMIS, LUBBEY VILLAGE Betül TÜLEK ....................................................................................... 83 CHAPTER 6 AN EXAMINATION OF THE LANDSCAPE VALUES OF SOME COASTAL NEIGHBORHOODS OF BURSA-MUDANYA IN TERMS OF RURAL TOURISM POSSIBILITY Zeynep Pirselimoğlu Batman & Nilüfer Seyidoğlu Akdeniz .............. 99 CHAPTER 7 FLORISTIC SURVEY OF THE ARTVIN ÇORUH UNIVERSITY CAM- PUS, TURKEY* Derya SARI & Banu KARAŞAH ........................................................ 121 CHAPTER 8 RENOVATION OF ARTVIN MARTYRDOM GRAVE MONUMENT Banu BEKCİ ........................................................................................ 141 CHAPTER 9 THE IMPORTANCE OF BIOMIMICRY IN DESIGN STUDIES AND BIOMIMICRY IN AQUATIC PLANTS Bahriye GÜLGÜN & Begüm ALTINTAŞ ........................................... 157 CHAPTER 10 HOUSING ADAPTABILITY: MORE THAN A SHELTER FOR SYRI- AN REFUGEES H.Kalfaoglu Hatipoglu, S. Haj Ismail .................................................. 179 CHAPTER 11 UNDERSTANDING POST-WAR SOCIAL HOUSING STRATE- GIES OF VIENNA: A REFERENCE FOR THE REPRODUCTION OF CURRENT CITIES? Hatice Kalfaoglu Hatipoglu ................................................................. 201 CHAPTER 12 ANALYSIS OF THE BUILT ENVIRONMENT IN THE CONTEXT OF USER - SPACE RELATIONSHIP Emi̇ ne MALKOÇ TRUE & Hati̇ ce SÖNMEZ TÜREL & İpek ALTUĞ TURAN ............................................................................................... 221 Chapter 1 STORAGE FURNITURE FROM TRADITIONAL TO THE CONTEMPORARY IN TURKISH HOUSE Oğuz DEMİRARSLAN1* Deniz DEMİRARSLAN2** 1 ∗ Lect. Maltepe University, Architecture and Design Faculty, Department of Interior Architecture, Turkey, [email protected] 2 ∗∗Assoc.Prof. Kocaeli University, Architecture and Design Faculty, Department of Interior Architecture, Turkey, [email protected] 2 . Oğuz Demirarslan, Deniz Demirarslan Theory and Research in Architecture, Planning and Design .3 1.INTRODUCTION The act of storing in the house has come from the days when people need shelter without losing its value. Throughout that long period, numerous technical, economic, and socio-cultural differences have been included in the storage act. The first inhabitants used the recessed areas of the caves in ancient times for storage purposes, and over time they conducted the storage role with instruments including blocks, buckets, wooden crates, leather bags, etc. To combat a pest infestation, mostly large airy spaces were used in the first civilizations to store cereals such as corn, wheat, and barley. In the excavations at Skara Brae settlement, stone racks and storage cells were identified as an example of storage elements in the first settlements. The interior of the sitting cedar was used for storage purposes at Çatalhöyük, one of the settlements of the Neolithic Period, and shelves were installed in the buildings. Their dead were also covered in cedars (Fig.1). Figure 1. Skara Brae BC 2000s, Storage Unit Made of Stone and Storage in Çatalhöyük House (URL-1, URL-2). In ancient Greece, Egypt, and Mesopotamia, chests, boxes, and bags were used extensively for the storage needs of the people. An image in the Bible (Codex Amiatinus) in A.D.700 shows the storage item, identical to the cabinet with the form of today’s handle (Fenlon, 1908) (Fig.2). The “armoire” was introduced in France in the 1500s to be used as a wardrobe. A wide variety of storage items have been used in history in various societies across different periods (Fig.2). Turkish culture is one of these cultures. 4 . Oğuz Demirarslan, Deniz Demirarslan Figure 2. An Image in The Bible (Codex Amiatinus) in A.D.700 Shows the Storage Item (URL-3) and An Armoire from the Baroque Period (URL-4). 2. STORAGE FURNITURE IN TRADITIONAL TURKISH HOUSE The place of storage activity in Turkish culture has emerged in the Turkish immigrant tent (Black tent/ Karacadir and Yurt) as indoor and outdoor areas. In the traditional Turkish house, which is created by the construction of the Turkish tent and which constitutes the traditional residential architecture, the storage function of items not needed for daily use; on the ground floor of the building, it was solved in spaces such as warehouse, cellar, haystack and specially built spaces such as serander in the garden (Demirarslan, 2017, 987) ( Fig.3-4). Figure 3. Planning Scheme and Place Usage of Black Tent/ Karaçadır And Yurt. A: Entrance, B: Hearth, C: Storage Sacks, D: Felt laid sitting area, E: Matting Floor, F: Beams, G: Stone Wall, H: Daily activity are on soil floor, K: Common usage area between tents (Demirarslan, 2017, 987). Theory and Research in Architecture, Planning and Design .5 Figure 4. Grain Storage Warehouse, Serander (URL-5). The cabinets in each room were serving the storage needs of the everyday goods in the house. The use of stationary objects in the house is very limited because of the multipurpose use of the rooms as living units. When required, the items were brought to the place of use and removed after use. The cabinets, first used by the Ancient Romans in the World (Demirarslan, 2011, 298) and not used as individual furniture in the traditional Turkish house; it appears as a spatial feature formed by the building and affects the house layout. Storage elements, one of the most important elements of the traditional Turkish house, were treated in both plan and third dimension with a rather practical understanding. As mentioned in “Turkish House” of Sedad Hakki Eldem (1984) and “Turkish House Tradition and Safranbolu Houses” of Reha Günay (1999), the storage element plays an important role in the arrangement of the room, which is the most important structure of the traditional Turkish house. The cabinet element, which was a factor in making planning decisions, was treated with various solutions. The room designs were realized with the study such as the relationship between the cooker-cabinet, the relationship between the cabinet-door, the relationship between the cabinet-window, and the placement of the cabinets back and forth in the rooms (Kuloğlu et al., 1995, 310). The most significant aspect of the cabinets in the third dimension of a typical Turkish house is that they are at the height at which the hand can touch. This relationship is explained in the books of Eldem and Günay through Le Corbusier’s “Modulor” proportion system, and similar aspects are emphasized. Depending on the height of the ceiling the third dimension of the cabinet is evaluated in various ways. Depending on the properties of the stored items and the regions, the storage elements are named as “yüklük/ closet/ wardrobe, musandira, sergen/ shelf, çiçeklik/ flower bed, 6 . Oğuz Demirarslan, Deniz Demirarslan cubukluk/bar shelf, kavukluk/turbans shelf, testilik/ vase shelf, lambalik/ lamp shelf and tembel deliği/ lazy hole”. Some cabinets meet the function of washing. The washing action in the room was ensured by the so- called “gusulhane/ washing unit” in the wardrobe (Fig.5). At this point, the storage elements which have an important position in the traditional Turkish residence room need to be recognized briefly. Figure 5. Storage Elements and Room Design, Storage Element and Proportion System in Traditional Turkish House (Günay, 1999,140). “Yüklük” (closet or wardrobe) was a large cupboard in which the necessary items for sleeping action such as bedding, duvets, and pillows were stored during the day (Fig.5). As mentioned in the book “The City of the Sultan and the Traditions of the Turks in Family Life” published by the famous traveler Julia Pardoe in 1837, thanks to this storage unit in every room in the traditional Turkish house, nothing belonging to the bed was left in the morning (Evren, 1997, 24). These cabinets are formed in a suitable depth and width (depth 75-90 cm x width 130-150 cm),