DOCSLIB.ORG

Location and History Getting Around Things to Do Going

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text

Load more

location and history getting around things to do going out shopping food & drink where to stay useful information city map Location and History Location Location and History Location and History Location History Bursa is located between 40 degrees longitude and 28-30 latitude The earliest known settlement at this location was the Ancient in the North West of Turkey and to the south east of the Marmara Greek city of Cius, which Philip V of Macedon granted to Prusias, Location and History Location Sea. It is surrounded by Bilecik and Adapazarı to the east, Kocaeli, the king of Bithynia, in 202 BC. Prusias rebuilt the city and Yalova, İstanbul and the Marmara Sea to the north, Eskişehir and renamed it to Prusia. Bursa became the first major capital city Kütahya to the south, and Balıkesir to the west. It has 17 districts of the early Ottoman Empire following its capture from the (Büyükorhan, Gemlik, Gürsu, Harmancık, İnegöl, İznik, Karacabey, Byzantines in 1326. During the Ottoman period, Bursa continued Keles, Kestel, Mudanya, Mustafakemalpaşa, Orhaneli, Orhangazi, to be the source of most royal silk products. The population Yenişehir, Nilüfer, Osmangazi and Yıldırım). In the north the of Bursa was 45,000 in 1487. Bursa remained to be the most Marmara Sea comprises a 135 km shoreline. important administrative and commercial center for centuries. Following the foundation of the Republic of Turkey, Bursa became one of the industrial centres of the country. BURSA First capital city of Ottoman Empire Population 2,9 million Area 11.027 km2 Uludağ the highest mountain (2543 m) 155 m above sea level Mild climate Yeşil Türbe (The Green Tomb) Local Transport Local Arrival Local Transport Arrival By Ferry / Sea Bus BUSES Route 1 Regular ferry and sea bus services are operated between Yenikapı (İstanbul) From the coach terminal to the city centre, buses are available for 24 and Mudanya (Bursa) & Güzelyalı (Bursa) ports for passengers and vehicles. This is the fastest option from İstanbul. Crossings take around 90 minutes. hours. Within the city centre, you can travel to everywhere by bus or The bus services are available from both Mudanya and Güzelyalı ports to take minibus. passengers to Emek metro station (30 mins - 2$) in the outer suburbs of the city. Take the metro to downtown Bursa - get off at Şehreküstü station for the old section of the city close to the market area (30 mins - 2$) M SUBWAY Route 2 The voyage from Yenikapı to Yalova takes between 70 and 90 minutes. Buses The city has a metro line called Bursaray connecting downtown with depart the Yalova port for Bursa about every 20 minutes throughout the day. suburbs in the northwest and also university. Yalova - Bursa voyage takes 1 hour approximately. Beşiktaş İstanbul DOLMUŞ / TAXI DOLMUŞ (SHARED TAXIS) Maltepe Sabiha Gokcen International Airport Kartal Sea of Marmara There is also an extensive dolmuş network with blue mini buses. Gebze Körfez İzmit Also, in Bursa, there are taxi-dolmuşes that are white automobiles Altınova Gölcük with a sign on the roof. Çınarcık Yalova Route 1 Esenköy Termal Karşıyaka TRAM Route 2 Orhangazi İznik Gölü / Lake Nicaea İznik / Nicaea Route 3 Gemlik Mudanya Yıldırım Tram routes are Zafer Plaza- Çınarönü (T3) and Kent Meydanı- Heykel (T1). Another line which is between Kent Meydanı- Terminal (T2) Route 4 Yenişehir Görükle is on the way. Karacabey Gürsu BURSA By Plane TAXI Bursa-Yenişehir airport serves domestic and a couple of international flights to Bursa. However, in order to get to Bursa from most countries by plane, you should take a transit flight via one of Turkey’s international airports. İstanbul’s You may easily find yellow taxi everywhere in Bursa. Atatürk and Sabiha Gökçen are the nearest major international airports. From Approximate taxi fare for 1 km costs 1€ Atatürk Airport, either by reaching bus terminal or Yenikapı Port, you can travel Bursa-Mudanya Ferry Port/ Güzelyalı Ferry Port 20-25 € to Bursa. Straight from Sabiha Gökçen Airport, you can take bus to Bursa and the trip will take around 2 hrs. From Yenişehir Airport to the city center you can Bursa - Intercity Coach Terminal 10-15 € go by public bus or by taxi. By Bus Bursa has inter-city bus connections throughout all over Turkey. All intercity buses will leave you at the Coach Terminal (Bus Station) about 10 kms outside Bursa on the İstanbul motorway. You may take buses to reach city center. Buses from İstanbul take about 3 hours and cost about 15 euros. By Car Highways that are fairly wide and in good condition connect the city to north (from İzmit, Yalova, and İstanbul, either by toll road O5/E881 following to Osmangazi Bridge or by D575/E881 taking ferry from Eskihisar Port to Topçular Ferry Port to Yalova), west (D200/E90 from Balıkesir with a connection to D565 from İzmir in the southwest), and east (D200/E90 from Eskişehir and Ankara, with a connection to D560 from Antalya in the south). Alternative Transportation Seaplanes are available between Haliç (İstanbul) and Yunuseli (Bursa) with an estimated travelling time of 25 minutes. Also, heli-taxies can be taken from Yunuseli (Bursa) to several destinations in İstanbul (Atatürk Heliport, Şişli, Kadıköy). Ti t INCREASE ADRENALINE WITH PARAGLIDING HAVE FUN IN GÜRSU GO MOUNT ULUDAĞ IN BURSA ZOO BY CABLE CAR AND CYCLE IN TO SEE MAGNIFICENT BOTANICAL PARK LANDSCAPE OF BURSA DRINK TURKISH TEA WITNESSING TASTE DELICIOUS THE GIGANTIC VISIT HOMETOWN OF FISH IN TRİLYE 600 YEAR OLD PLANE TREE OF INKAYA HAVE BREAKFAST WORLD FAMOUS IN CUMALIKIZIK İZNİK TILES 700 YEARS OLD OTTOMAN VILLAGE Ti t ENJOY RELAX THE EXCEPTIONAL SUNSET GO SKIING IN THERMAL IN GLYAI IN ULUDAĞ SPRINGS & TURKISH BATHS FEEL TURKISH THE HISTORICAL SILKROAD WATCH AT KOAHAN SHADOW PLAY OF WALK ÖZ & KARAG THROUGH AT A MUSEUM HACİV Sightseeing UNESCO World Heritage Sightseeing Alternative Tour: City Tour from the Bursa City Center As Bursa being the first capital city of the Ottoman Empire and the village of Cumalıkızık having a 700 year history, in 2014, Bursa was First of all, we advise you to make a trip to Emir Sultan and Yeşil awarded UNESCO World Heritage status with its 8 sights under Kulliyes and have a Turkish tea in one of the cafes around. Then headline ‘Bursa and Cumalıkızık: the Birth of the Ottoman Empire’. walk to the west until Setbaşı. There you may visit historical Irgandı Bridge. Next visit Bursa Kent (City) Museum which has In Ottoman Empire’s establishment process, Bursa became the first the fully perception of Bursa. After that, you can continue the UNESCO World Heritage World UNESCO city, the first capital which was shaped by kulliyes, khans with bazaars, trip on foot. To the west you will findUlu Mosque. You will see villages, all related with each other in the context of waqf system, the Kapalı Çarşı (Covered Bazaar )near the mosque. Walking including unique examples of early Ottoman architecture. through UNESCO heritage sights, you can shop and rest under the large trees in khans. You may find finest silk products inKoza Khan . By walking to the west 150 meters, you can see the unique examples of traditional arts performed and buy souvenirs in Balibey Khan. You may findOsman Gazi and Orhan Gazi Tombs (the founders of Ottoman Empire) nearby. You will able to see panoramic scenery of Bursa. After Tophane, you can see the old houses in Kale Street where you could find the samples of the civil architecture. Then you can visit tombs in Muradiye , espe- cially the tombs of Sultan Murad and Sultan Cem. Uluumay Tra- ditional Clothing and Jewelry Museum, a 17. Century Ottoman House, and the Hüsnü Züber Living Museum are also interesting Cumalıkızık Village places. If you are in need of having lunch, you can enjoy eating finest Ottoman Cuisine in the building that used to be a public kitchen in Ottoman Period. Two routes are suggested for the afternoon tour. You can see the Atatürk House Museum and Karagöz Museum, when you go along Çekirge. Also, the Murat I Mosque, Madrasa, tomb and alms house can be a joy. More to it; you can go to a hammam, which Bursa is famous for. Muradiye Kulliye 8 World Heritage Sites in Bursa are: Khans Area (Orhan Ghazi Kullliye* and Its Surroundings) Osman Ghazi and Orhan Ghazi Tombs Hüdavendigar (Sultan Murad I) Kulliye Hüdavendigar (Sultan Murad I) Kulliye (Old Turkish Bath) Irgandı Bridge Yıldırım (Sultan Bayezid I) Kulliye Yeşil (Mehmed I) Kulliye Muradiye (Sultan Murad II) Kulliye Cumalıkızık Village *Kulliye is a religious institution integrating mosque, religious school, public bath and a kitchen for the poor. Thermal Sightseeing Thermal Alternative Tour: İznik and The İznik Lake Bursa is the one and only city from Turkey which is a member of Sightseeing İznik, which captures nature, art, and history together, is 85 kilometers “European Historic Thermal Towns Association”. Thermal springs away from Bursa. İznik is a mystical city that serves as a capital to many are widely available and serving for thermal cure and wellness. states like; Anatolian Seljuk State (1075-1097), Byzantine (1204-1261), and Ottoman State (1331-1335). The first Christian Consul was held in İznik in 325 where the Christian credo was defined. It is highly recommended to buy olive and olive oil, to visit İznik Museum and Yeşil Mosque built in 1391. In Süleyman Paşa Madrasa, visit small shops and learn about original, world famous İznik Tiles. İznik Lake is an ideal place for the sports such as; swimming , canoeing and surfing. You should take a tour around the lake in order to see the various beauties. This beautiful city within impressing walls is the next site on the way to be on UNESCO World Heritage List.
Recommended publications
  • Atatürk : the Founder of Turkish Republic Unit Five

    Atatürk : the Founder of Turkish Republic Unit Five

    UNIT FIVE ATATÜRK : THE FOUNDER OF TURKISH REPUBLIC THE INDEPENDENCE WAR 1 What do you think about the Armistice of Moudros? 2 How was the Ottoman Empire after the World War I? 3 What is the National Oath (Misak-ı Milli)? 4 What do you know about the Treaty of Sevres? 5 What are the qualities of great hero, Atatürk? 6 What do you think about the Turkish women role in the Independence War? 7 What brought victory to our homeland in the Independence War? 8 What was the role of well-organized army in the victory? 52 READING 1 Look at the picture of Atatürk. Answer the questions. 1. What does he look like? 1. _________________________________________ 2. What are his personal qualities? 2. _________________________________________ 2 Read the biography of Mustafa Kemal Atatürk. While reading, circle the correct option. Mustafa Kemal Atatürk was born in 1) Salonika / İstanbul. His father was Rıza Efendi, his mother was Zübeyde Hanım. They got married in 1871. When Mustafa Kemal was born, his mother was almost 2) thirty / fifty. She didn’t get any education, but she was a sensible woman. Mustafa Kemal was an energetic child with 3) blond / black hair and blue eyes. When he was 5 or 6 years old, he caught everybody’s attention with his cleverness. So, his mother and father sent him to school 4) early / late. He began his primary education at the local school but soon he started Şemsi Efendi School. In 1888 he had to move to Rapla to live on his 5) auntie’s / uncle’s farm because his father died.
  • Italy and the Treaty of Lausanne of 1923

    Italy and the Treaty of Lausanne of 1923

    1993] ıTALY AND LAUSANNE 65 ITALY AND THE TREATY OF LAUSANNE OF 1923 MARIA ANTONIA DI CASOLA Recent Italian historical studies concur in saying that one cannot talk of "Fascist" foreign policy before the end of the tvventies. It is true that Fascism came to power in October 1922. But until 1929 Italian foreign policy was decidedly subordinated in Mussolini's strategy to domestic and financial considerations.1 There were two kinds of reasons: a subjective one which aimed to see Fascism grow stronger at home; and an objective one, which concerned the stagnation of the international scene not allowing much flexibility avvay from the mainly traditional foreign policy Mussolini had to follow in this period. It is also true that, at the very beginning, Mussolini was thought to have considered Fascism as a legitimizing ideology for his foreign policy.2 A change in this situation occurred, on account of the great economic crisis (1929). A more dynamic foreign policy was needed to bolster economic policies aiming at new markets for Italy in the Danubian-Balkan region. This is why although the Treaty of Lausanne of July 24, 1923, falls into the Fascist era, one cannot think of it as revealing a precisely Fascist foreign policy. Italian action in Lausanne should be interpreted as reflecting a number of "traditional" interests, essentially aimed to safeguard the rights of Italy on the "Dodecanneso". 1 Renzo de Felice, Mussolini il Duce: Gli anni del consenso, 1929-1936, Torino, Einaude, 1974, p. 323. 2Ennio di Nolfo, Mussolini e la politica estera italiana: 1919- 1939, Padova, Cedam, 1960, p.
  • Segment Structure of the Southern Strand of the North Anatolian Fault System and Paleoseismic Behaviour of the Gemlik Fault, NW Anatolia

    Segment Structure of the Southern Strand of the North Anatolian Fault System and Paleoseismic Behaviour of the Gemlik Fault, NW Anatolia

    Segment Structure of the Southern Strand of the North Anatolian Fault System and Paleoseismic Behaviour of the Gemlik Fault, NW Anatolia Selim Özalp, Ömer Emre and Ahmet Doğan General Directorate of Mineral Research and Exploration (MTA), Department of Geological Research 06520, Ankara, Turkey The North Anatolian Fault System (NAFS) is a transform fault that accommodates relative motion between Anatolian and Black Sea microplates. The NAFS bifurcates two strands as the Northern and the Southern in the Marmara region. Recent lateral motion is about 24 mm/yr along the NAFS. According to the recent GPS data, there is a slip partitioning between both strands and the northern strand carries approximately 3 times as much right-lateral motion as does the southern strand. Therefore we interpret that the northern strand is the master zone which accommodate majority of the recent lateral motion. In this study, the southern strand is extending between Dokurcun valley and Bandırma bay is evaluated as a splay instead of a main strand diverging from the NAFS as described in previous studies. This splay is included in NW Anatolia transition zone which characterizes bend structures. Length of the southern strand is about 140 km between Dokurcun valley and Gemlik bay along Pamukova basin, Lake İznik and Gemlik Bay depressions. The strand can be divided into three main geometric segments in right steeping pattern. Those are Geyve, İznik and Gemlik, from east to west. Length of the Geyve Fault is about 57 km and general trend is N70°E. The İznik Fault is about 56 km-long trending of N75°E.
  • Sustainability Versus Development: Mudanya's War of Survival As a Liveable City

    Sustainability Versus Development: Mudanya's War of Survival As a Liveable City

    A Service of Leibniz-Informationszentrum econstor Wirtschaft Leibniz Information Centre Make Your Publications Visible. zbw for Economics Ozcan, Zuhal; Gultekin, Nevin Turgut; Dundar, Ozlem Conference Paper Sustainability versus development: Mudanya's war of survival as a liveable city 38th Congress of the European Regional Science Association: "Europe Quo Vadis? - Regional Questions at the Turn of the Century", 28 August - 1 September 1998, Vienna, Austria Provided in Cooperation with: European Regional Science Association (ERSA) Suggested Citation: Ozcan, Zuhal; Gultekin, Nevin Turgut; Dundar, Ozlem (1998) : Sustainability versus development: Mudanya's war of survival as a liveable city, 38th Congress of the European Regional Science Association: "Europe Quo Vadis? - Regional Questions at the Turn of the Century", 28 August - 1 September 1998, Vienna, Austria, European Regional Science Association (ERSA), Louvain-la-Neuve This Version is available at: http://hdl.handle.net/10419/113384 Standard-Nutzungsbedingungen: Terms of use: Die Dokumente auf EconStor dürfen zu eigenen wissenschaftlichen Documents in EconStor may be saved and copied for your Zwecken und zum Privatgebrauch gespeichert und kopiert werden. personal and scholarly purposes. Sie dürfen die Dokumente nicht für öffentliche oder kommerzielle You are not to copy documents for public or commercial Zwecke vervielfältigen, öffentlich ausstellen, öffentlich zugänglich purposes, to exhibit the documents publicly, to make them machen, vertreiben oder anderweitig nutzen. publicly available on the internet, or to distribute or otherwise use the documents in public. Sofern die Verfasser die Dokumente unter Open-Content-Lizenzen (insbesondere CC-Lizenzen) zur Verfügung gestellt haben sollten, If the documents have been made available under an Open gelten abweichend von diesen Nutzungsbedingungen die in der dort Content Licence (especially Creative Commons Licences), you genannten Lizenz gewährten Nutzungsrechte.
  • Digenetic Trematodes of Some Teleost Fish Off the Mudanya Coast (Sea of Marmara, Turkey)

    Digenetic Trematodes of Some Teleost Fish Off the Mudanya Coast (Sea of Marmara, Turkey)

    ©2006 Parasitological Institute of SAS, Košice DOI 10.2478/s11687-006-0030-0 HELMINTHOLOGIA, 43, 3: 161 – 167, SEPTEMBER 2006 Digenetic trematodes of some teleost fish off the Mudanya Coast (Sea of Marmara, Turkey) M. C. OGUZ1, R. A. BRAY 2 1Biology Department, Faculty of Science and Art, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey; E-mail: [email protected]; [email protected]; 2Department of Zoology, Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW7 5BD, UK Summary ........... A total of 200 fishes belonging to nine species were samp- 1990 to May 1993, between 6 and 28 specimens of 9 fish led from the Sea of Marmara. Thirteen trematode species species were collected. The fish were placed in plastic were recorded in the intestine of these hosts: Helicometra containers containing sea water and then transferred the fasciata and Diphterostomum brusinae in Zosterisessor research laboratory. They were kept in the tanks until exa- ophiocephalus; Monascus filiformis in Trachurus trachu- mination within 24 hours of collection. Methods adapted rus; Dicrogaster purpusilla, Schikhobalotrema sparisomae and utilised for the helminthological necropsy, and later for and Sacccocoelium obesum in Liza saliens; Macvicaria the analysis, were routine techniques (Pritchard & Kruse, alacris, H. fasciata and Gaevskajatrema perezi in Sympho- 1982). All possible sites of infection were examined for the dus tinca; Anisocladium fallax and A. capitellum in Ura- occurrence of parasites with the aid of a stereo microscope noscopus scaber; Stephanostomum caducum in Merluccius with ×12 and ×50 magnifications. The parasites were fixed merluccius; Bucephalus marinus, Stephanostomum gai- with AFA, and then stained with Mayer’s carmalum. Data dropsari and H.
  • The American Protestant Missionary Network in Ottoman Turkey, 1876-1914

    The American Protestant Missionary Network in Ottoman Turkey, 1876-1914

    International Journal of Humanities and Social Science Vol. 4, No. 6(1); April 2014 The American Protestant Missionary Network in Ottoman Turkey, 1876-1914 Devrim Ümit PhD Assistant Professor Founding and Former Chair Department of International Relations Faculty of Economics and Administrative Sciences Karabuk University Turkey Abstract American missionaries have long been the missing link in the study of the late Ottoman period despite the fact that they left their permanent trade in American as well as Western conceptions of the period such as “Terrible Turk” and “Red Sultan” just to name a few. From the landing of the first two American Protestant missionaries, Levi Parsons and Pliny Fisk, on the Ottoman Empire, as a matter of fact on the Near East, in early 1820, until the outbreak of the First World War in 1914, American missionaries occupied the increasing attention of the Ottoman bureaucracy in domestic and foreign affairs while the mission work in the Ottoman Empire established the largest investment of the American Board of Commissionaries for Foreign Missions (A.B.C.F.M.) in the world, even above China and India, on the eve of the war. The bulk of the correspondence of the Ottoman Ministry of Foreign Affairs for the period was with the United States and this was chiefly concerned about the American mission schools. Therefore, this paper seeks to examine the encounter between the Ottoman officialdom and the American Protestant missionaries in Ottoman Turkey during the successive regimes of Sultan Abdülhamid II and the Committee of Union and Progress, the Unionists in the period of 1876-1914.
  • Download This PDF File

    Download This PDF File

    International Journal Advances in Social Science and Humanities Available online at: www.ijassh.com RESEARCH ARTICLE Turkey, the Melting Pot of the West and East: An Evaluation of the Benefits of Western and Eastern Civilizations for this Adaptive Nation Osman Chuah Abdullah* International Islamic University Malaysia, Jalan Sungei Busu, Gombak, Malaysia. *Corresponding Author: Email: [email protected] Introduction The Republic of Turkey is located south east of however, is very surprised that the Ottoman Europe and south west of Asia (the portion of Empire was able to last for six centuries. He Turkey west of the Bosporus is geographically credits the empire as an excellent illustration of part of Europe), bordering the Black Sea, between ‘challenge and responses’ [5]. Talat Sait Halman Bulgaria and Georgia, and bordering the Aegean describes the adoptive and adaptive receptiveness Sea and the Mediterranean Sea, between Greece to changes of the empire [6]. The Ottoman and Syria. It has a population of 71,892,808 in Empire no longer exists; however, scholars persist July 2008; 99.8% of the people are Muslims with that the empire occupies a major focus as the long 0.2% Christians and Jews. Moreover, 80% of the and expansive rule gave way to the path of population are Turkish and the remaining 20% transformation into modern Turkey [6]. are Kurdish [1]. Research Methodology This is a nation which has gone through various rise and decline of civilizations, the modernization The study involves the gathering of data on the by Mustapha Kemal Atarturk and the advantages Ottoman rule, the modernization and the melting of associating with and being influenced by the pot of Turkey with the absorption of quality of West.
  • Scanned by Scan2net

    Scanned by Scan2net

    Ulud. Uniu. Zir. Fak. Derg. , (1986) 5: 19-26 GENERAL ASPECT OF HORTICULTURE IN BURSA Atilla ERİŞ* Vedat ŞEN1Z * * Arif SOYLU*** SUM MARY Bursa has a special place in Turkey from the horticultural point of uiew. Fruit species such as oliue, peach, grcıp e , apple, plum, pear, cherry, walnut, chest­ niıt, fig, strawberry and quince and almost all summer and w in ter uegetable specieı that haue important additiues to total production of Turkey are grown in this uicinity extensiuely. Vegetable species such as tomato, bean, pepper and pea whiciı especially processedin industry, and o nion are produced much than others. In this study, current aspect of horticulture in Bursa prouince was identi{ied; and its economic dimensions and technical problems were explained. ÖZET bursa 'da Bahçe Bitkileri Tanınının Genel Durumu Bahçe bitkileri yetiştiriciliğ i açısından Bursa 'nın Türkiye 'de özel bir yeri uar­ dır. Yörede Türkiye toplam üretimine önemli katkıları olan zeytin, şeftali, üzüm, elmd, erik, armut, kiraz, ceuiz, k eıtan e , incir, çilek ue ayua gibi meyue türleri ile he­ men hemen tüm yazlık ue kışlık sebze türleri çok yaygın olarak yetiştirilmektedir. Sebzelerden bilha11a sanayide çok iş lene n domates, fasulye, biber, bezelye gibi türler ile soğan · diğ erlerinde n daha da fazla üretilmektedir. Bu çalış mada bahçe bitkilerinin Bursa y ö reıind eki m eucut durumu tan ı tıl ­ mış , ekonomik boyutları ue belirlenen sorunları açıklanmı ş tır. INTRODUCTION It is seldom to find regions which are suitable to horticulture at various alti­ tutes from sea level up to 2.000 m in the world. Bursa has an important place among these regions having about 1.104.301 ha agricultural area according to the recent statistics (Anonymous 1983 c).
  • Hizli Rayli Sistemlerin Yolcu Taşima Kapasite Hesaplamalari Ve Türkiyedeki Benzer Sistemlerin Birbirleriyle Karşilaştirilmasi

    Hizli Rayli Sistemlerin Yolcu Taşima Kapasite Hesaplamalari Ve Türkiyedeki Benzer Sistemlerin Birbirleriyle Karşilaştirilmasi

    HIZLI RAYLI SİSTEMLERİN YOLCU TAŞIMA KAPASİTE HESAPLAMALARI VE TÜRKİYEDEKİ BENZER SİSTEMLERİN BİRBİRLERİYLE KARŞILAŞTIRILMASI Ilgaz CANDEMİR_ , Serhan TANYEL_ SUMMARY Rail transit systems are found to be the most trusted transit systems all over the world. They have become one of the main parts of daily urban life as they provide, fast, safe and comfortable journey for passengers. If they are planned precisely, capacities up to10000-40000 passengers/hour can be achieved. They are also used as an important tool for to maintain well developed cities and provide dynamic city centers. In this study, some of the most important rail transit systems in Turkey are introduced. Their capacities tried to be determined by using different capacity calculation methods and the results are tired to be compared. ÖZET Dünyada halen en güvenilir ulaşõm modu, raylõ sistemlerdir. Gelişen teknolojinin yansõmasõ ile birlikte hõz, sinyalizasyon ve konfor problemlerini çözen kentsel raylõ sistemler büyük şehirler için vazgeçilmez olmuşlardõr. Planlama ,dizayn,araç ve ekipman seçimi, inşaat ve sonrasõnda çok titiz bir işletim isteyen metro hatlarõ ortalama 10000-40000 yolcu/saat kapasiteleri olan güçlü toplu taşõmacõlõk sistemlerdir. Raylõ sistemler ayrõca kentin homojen olarak gelişmesinin sağlanmasõnda önemli bir araç olarak görülmekte ve dinamik kent merkezlerinin oluşturulmasõnda etken olmaktadõrlar. Bu bildiride Türkiye’deki raylõ sistemleri hakkõnda kõsaca bilgi verildikten sonra, Türkiye’deki bazõ önemli raylõ ulaşõm sistemlerinin kapasiteleri farklõ yöntemlerle hesaplanarak, birbirleriyle karşõlaştõrõlmaya çalõşõlmõştõr. 1.GİRİŞ Dünyada 179 farklõ şehrin benimsendiği Metro ,hafif raylõ ve tramvay gibi kentiçi raylõ ulaşõm sistemleri, son yõllarda geç kalõnmasõna rağmen belediyelerimizin de rağbet ettiği ve ulaşõm politikalarõnõn baş hedefi haline gelen pahalõ inşaat yatõrõmlarõdõr.
  • © 2008 Hyeong-Jong

    © 2008 Hyeong-Jong

    © 2011 Elise Soyun Ahn SEEING TURKISH STATE FORMATION PROCESSES: MAPPING LANGUAGE AND EDUCATION CENSUS DATA BY ELISE SOYUN AHN DISSERTATION Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Educational Policy Studies in the Graduate College of the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 2011 Urbana, Illinois Doctoral Committee: Associate Professor Pradeep Dhillon, Chair Professor Douglas Kibbee Professor Fazal Rizvi Professor Thomas Schwandt Abstract Language provides an interesting lens to look at state-building processes because of its cross- cutting nature. For example, in addition to its symbolic value and appeal, a national language has other roles in the process, including: (a) becoming the primary medium of communication which permits the nation to function efficiently in its political and economic life, (b) promoting social cohesion, allowing the nation to develop a common culture, and (c) forming a primordial basis for self-determination. Moreover, because of its cross-cutting nature, language interventions are rarely isolated activities. Languages are adopted by speakers, taking root in and spreading between communities because they are legitimated by legislation, and then reproduced through institutions like the education and military systems. Pádraig Ó’ Riagáin (1997) makes a case for this observing that ―Language policy is formulated, implemented, and accomplishes its results within a complex interrelated set of economic, social, and political processes which include, inter alia, the operation of other non-language state policies‖ (p. 45). In the Turkish case, its foundational role in the formation of the Turkish nation-state but its linkages to human rights issues raises interesting issues about how socio-cultural practices become reproduced through institutional infrastructure formation.
  • Downloaded from Brill.Com09/26/2021 07:23:45AM Via Free Access

    Downloaded from Brill.Com09/26/2021 07:23:45AM Via Free Access

    Chapter 5 Tales of Viziers and Wine: Interpreting Early Ottoman Narratives of State Centralization Dimitri Kastritsis The dominant paradigm of Ottoman state-building is one of progressive cen- tralization and institutionalization, from the late fourteenth to the mid- sixteenth century ce. This paradigm was first developed by Paul Wittek in the 1930s, and later refined by Halil İnalcık and others.1 According to Wittek’s well- known thesis, the Ottoman state-building venture was at first an egalitarian affair. Frontiersmen with a more or less tribal and nomadic background, pos- sessing a deep religious devotion embodied by holy men, carried out religious- ly motivated raids (ġazā) into Christian territory. By means of such activity, they were able to push the frontiers of Islam from the Anatolian borders of Byzantium to the Danube and Adriatic. But as the borders of their principality grew and its frontier advanced into Europe, a hinterland developed, in which the need for central state institutions became apparent. Such institutions were modelled on those already present in other Islamic states. They included shariʿa courts, taxation based on population surveys, and employment of slaves in the army and state administration. Since at first the Ottoman princi- pality consisted of territory newly conquered for Islam, in order to build such institutions, there was a need for scholars (ulema, Ar. ʿulamāʾ) imported from outside the Ottoman borders. Members of this new class (distinct from the holy men already mentioned) entered the Ottoman domains from rival Mus- lim principalities to the east. At first they mainly came from the neighboring Turkish emirates (beyliks) of Anatolia.
  • Powerpoint Sunusu

    Powerpoint Sunusu

    TURKISH STATE RAILWAYS (TCDD) Infrastructure Development & Regulations in Railway Sector NAZIM BÜKÜLMEZ Deputy Head of RP&C Department1 CONTENTS Vision and Mission Historical Development The State of the Art Key Projects Vision 2023 Rail systems in Urban Transportation The Law on Liberalization of Turkish Rail Transportation CONTENTS Vision and Mission Historical Development Current Situation Key Projects Vision 2023 Rail systems in Urban Transportation The Law on Liberalization of Turkish Rail Transportation VISION and MISSION of TCDD Vision: Mission: To make railways the preferred To have the existing network mode of transport and to be and vehicles ready for service, the locomotive power for to construct new lines and development of the country links if necessary, to keep connections with other transport systems, and to provide economical, safe, comfortable and environmentally friendly transport services CONTENTS Vision and Mission Historical Development Current Situation Key Projects Vision 2023 Rail systems in Urban Transportation The Law on Liberalization of Turkish Rail Transportation HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT OF RAILWAYS EDİRNE ZONGULDAK SAMSUN İSTANBUL KARS ERZURUM BANDIRMA ANKARA BURSA ESKİŞEHİR SİVAS ERZİNCAN POLATLI AFYON ELAZIĞ TATVAN VAN İZMİR KAYSERİ MALATYA KONYA DİYARBAKIR ADANA GAZİANTEP MERSİN 2012 : 12,008 km ( Conventional+ High Speed) Rail Network before the REPUBLIC 4,136 km Mainline The First Years of the REPUBLIC (1923-1950) 3,764 km Mainline (avg. 134 km per annum) From 1951 to 2002 945 km Mainline (avg. 18 km per annum) From 2005 to end of 2012 1,094 km Mainline (avg. 137km per annum) Lines under construction 3,400 km Mainline TCDD is a 157-year old enterprise 10 million passengers were transported.