DOCSLIB.ORG

Atatürk : the Founder of Turkish Republic Unit Five

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Atatürk : the Founder of Turkish Republic Unit Five UNIT FIVE ATATÜRK : THE FOUNDER OF TURKISH REPUBLIC THE INDEPENDENCE WAR 1 What do you think about the Armistice of Moudros? 2 How was the Ottoman Empire after the World War I? 3 What is the National Oath (Misak-ı Milli)? 4 What do you know about the Treaty of Sevres? 5 What are the qualities of great hero, Atatürk? 6 What do you think about the Turkish women role in the Independence War? 7 What brought victory to our homeland in the Independence War? 8 What was the role of well-organized army in the victory? 52 READING 1 Look at the picture of Atatürk. Answer the questions. 1. What does he look like? 1. _________________________________________ 2. What are his personal qualities? 2. _________________________________________ 2 Read the biography of Mustafa Kemal Atatürk. While reading, circle the correct option. Mustafa Kemal Atatürk was born in 1) Salonika / İstanbul. His father was Rıza Efendi, his mother was Zübeyde Hanım. They got married in 1871. When Mustafa Kemal was born, his mother was almost 2) thirty / fifty. She didn’t get any education, but she was a sensible woman. Mustafa Kemal was an energetic child with 3) blond / black hair and blue eyes. When he was 5 or 6 years old, he caught everybody’s attention with his cleverness. So, his mother and father sent him to school 4) early / late. He began his primary education at the local school but soon he started Şemsi Efendi School. In 1888 he had to move to Rapla to live on his 5) auntie’s / uncle’s farm because his father died. A few years later he came back to 6) Rapla / Salonika to go on his education. In 1889, he started Military Junior School in Salonika. Although his mother, Zübeyde Hanım didn’t give him permission, he attended the exam of the school. But he took the exam and passed it, so his mother said “OK.” to him. After that, he attended Monastir Military School. Later. he finished İstanbul Military School. Then, he went on his education at İstanbul Military Academy in 1902 and graduated there with the rank of lieutenant. He was reading the works by Namık Kemal and by famous French writers. He learnt French by himself. He 7) graduated / started from the Academy in 1905 as a captain. After his graduation, his first service was in 8) Damascus / Tripoli. He had a successful career after that. The Ottoman Empire declared war against the Allies Powers on November 11, 1914. He defended homeland against the British and French troops in the Dardanelles. Mustafa Kemal gave the Ottoman Empire a successful service until the end of the World War 9) I / II. Then, he started doing many things on the way to our independence. On June 22, 1919 he declared the Amasya Circular. He highlighted that the people’s hardworking and determination would save the homeland in the circular. Then, he held congresses in Erzurum and Sivas. On April 23, 1920 the Turkish Grand National Assembly met for the 10) first / second time and they chose him as the Speaker of the House and the head of the government. 53 On October 29, 1923 the Turkish Grand National Assembly declared the Republic of Turkey and voted for Mustafa Kemal as its first president. In 1934, the Grand National Assembly 11) gave / took him the surname Atatürk with the Family Surname Law. Atatürk was a great hero. He was a great lover of nature; a good horse-rider and swimmer. He was trendy and neat. He was determined, persistent and self-sacrificing. He died of liver disease in Dolmabahçe Palace in 12) November / December in 1938. 3 Read the text again. Write T for true or F for false statements. 1. Mustafa Kemal Atatürk graduated from a local primary school. __________ 2. His mother was a sensitive woman. __________ 3. His father died when he was a child. __________ 4. Mustafa Kemal Atatürk didn’t get his mother’s permission when he took the exam of Military Junior School. __________ 5. He declared the Amasya Circular after Erzurum and Sivas Congresses. __________ 6. He gave a good service to the Ottoman Empire until the end of the World War I. __________ 7. He founded the Turkish Republic on October 29, 1920. __________ 8. He was staying in Dolmabahçe Palace when he died. __________ 4 Read the text. Find Atatürk’s personal qualities mentioned in Atatürk’s biography. List his personal qualities. When the Independence War started, they told Atatürk: — How will it be possible? We have no army! Atatürk replied soon: — We can settle it. — But we need money for this... We haven’t got any. — We can find money. — Imagine we have money, our enemies are both stronger and bigger! — They can be, but we can defeat. He did all what he said. He never told anything he couldn’t do. Atatürk’s Personal Qualities 1. __________________________________________________________________________________ 2. __________________________________________________________________________________ 3. __________________________________________________________________________________ 5 Work in pairs. Ask and answer the question. Discuss. Which personal qualities of Atatürk helped him to get success? 54 LISTENING 6 Look at the pictures in the activity 8. Work in groups. Discuss. Then write the answers. 1. What do they remind you? 1. _________________________________________ 2. Do you know the history of your country? 2. _________________________________________ 3. What makes you proud in your history? 3. _________________________________________ 4. Who is your great hero in your recent history? 4. _________________________________________ 5. What qualities should a hero have? 5. _________________________________________ 6. What disadvantages has a war got? 6. _________________________________________ 7 Listen to the CD. Find what it is about. 8 Listen to the CD and put the pictures in order. a b c d e f g 55 9 Listen to the CD again and fill in the blanks İpek : Yes, my friends. I have a presentation today. I’ve prepared a slide show. It is my film for you. Look at these photos, please. What do they 1) ________ you of? Class : War. İpek : Yes. Today I’m going to tell you about my country’s 2) _________ war. After the Armistice of Moudros 30 October, 1918, the Ottoman Empire was too weak. With this armistice, Allies started to 3) _________ our country. Claire : Did they occupy İstanbul? İpek : Yes, On 4) ____________ , 1918 French Army entered the city. Then, the British, French and Greek ships came. Mustafa Kemal Pasha tried to meet the Sultan and 5) ____________ politicians, but he couldn’t. He decided to go to 6) ___________ . Alan : What did the people do against the Allies? İpek : They 7) ______________ them. They had meetings and sent telegraphs to them. Hasan Tahsin 8) __________ the first bullet at a Greek soldier when Greeks began to occupy İzmir. Claire : Did the people have a well-organized army and munitions? İpek : Yes, we had two well-organized armies in May 1919. Allies got our munitions. But we 9) __________ took our munitions to Anatolia from İstanbul. Mustafa Kemal and his friends left İstanbul and went to Samsun. Susan : When did they 10) ________ Samsun? 56 10 Then, answer the questions using ‘and’, but’ and ‘because’. 1. What is İpek’s slide show about? ___________________________________________________ 2. What disadvantages did the Armistice of Moudros give the Ottoman Empire? ___________________________________________________ 3. Did the Allies keep their promise? ___________________________________________________ 4. Why did Mustafa Kemal go to the Anatolia? ___________________________________________________ 5. Did the army have enough munitions? ___________________________________________________ 6. What did the people do against the Allies’attacks? ___________________________________________________ 7. Why did M. Kemal call the governors and commanders? ___________________________________________________ 8. When did he open the Grand National Assembly? ___________________________________________________ 11 Work in pairs. What do you know about your recent history? Ask and answer questions about the Independence War. Sample Dialogue: S1 : When did the World War I break out? S2 : It broke out in 1914 and it ended in 1918. What happened, then? S1 : The Ottoman Empire and the Allies of World War I signed the Armistice of Moudros on 30 October, 1918, but this armistice led a new war. S2 : Why did it lead to a new war? S1 : Because the Allies occupied many places in Anatolia. 57 READING, WRITING AND SPEAKING 12 Look at the picture. Then, answer the questions. 1. Who are they? 1. _______________________________________ 2. What makes them special? 2. _______________________________________ 3. What do the medals on their jackets symbolize? 3. _______________________________________ 4. Have you ever met a veteran? 4. _______________________________________ 58 13 Read the interview. Who is Yakup Satar? What is he talking about? Find the answers. Peter is a journalist. He interviewed Yakup Satar before he died in September 2006. Yakup Satar : Those days were really tough. We didn’t have enough food, equipment and munitions in the fronts. We could spend a day with a few crubs of bread with a glass of ayran maybe. We heard the Armenians attacked Van, Bitlis, Erzurum, Kars and Nahçıvan, and the Turkish Army under the control of Kâzım Karabekir could defeat the Armenian. It was a big victory. The Armenian government had to want peace with the Turkish. The Armenian and the Turkish signed the Gümrü Peace Treaty on 2 and 3 December, 1920. Peter : Was it the first international treaty and political success of the Grand National Assembly, wasn’t it? Yakup Satar : Yes. Peter : How could your soldiers find the munitions? I know the Allies took your munitions and sent the army after The Armistice of Moudros. You got your own weapons out secretly from İstanbul to the Anatolia. How could you manage to do? Yakup Satar : Actually, all the people, from the young to the elderly, could carry the munitions on their shoulders or on their oxen-driven carriages.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Italy and the Treaty of Lausanne of 1923
    1993] ıTALY AND LAUSANNE 65 ITALY AND THE TREATY OF LAUSANNE OF 1923 MARIA ANTONIA DI CASOLA Recent Italian historical studies concur in saying that one cannot talk of "Fascist" foreign policy before the end of the tvventies. It is true that Fascism came to power in October 1922. But until 1929 Italian foreign policy was decidedly subordinated in Mussolini's strategy to domestic and financial considerations.1 There were two kinds of reasons: a subjective one which aimed to see Fascism grow stronger at home; and an objective one, which concerned the stagnation of the international scene not allowing much flexibility avvay from the mainly traditional foreign policy Mussolini had to follow in this period. It is also true that, at the very beginning, Mussolini was thought to have considered Fascism as a legitimizing ideology for his foreign policy.2 A change in this situation occurred, on account of the great economic crisis (1929). A more dynamic foreign policy was needed to bolster economic policies aiming at new markets for Italy in the Danubian-Balkan region. This is why although the Treaty of Lausanne of July 24, 1923, falls into the Fascist era, one cannot think of it as revealing a precisely Fascist foreign policy. Italian action in Lausanne should be interpreted as reflecting a number of "traditional" interests, essentially aimed to safeguard the rights of Italy on the "Dodecanneso". 1 Renzo de Felice, Mussolini il Duce: Gli anni del consenso, 1929-1936, Torino, Einaude, 1974, p. 323. 2Ennio di Nolfo, Mussolini e la politica estera italiana: 1919- 1939, Padova, Cedam, 1960, p.
    [Show full text]
  • Download This PDF File
    International Journal Advances in Social Science and Humanities Available online at: www.ijassh.com RESEARCH ARTICLE Turkey, the Melting Pot of the West and East: An Evaluation of the Benefits of Western and Eastern Civilizations for this Adaptive Nation Osman Chuah Abdullah* International Islamic University Malaysia, Jalan Sungei Busu, Gombak, Malaysia. *Corresponding Author: Email: [email protected] Introduction The Republic of Turkey is located south east of however, is very surprised that the Ottoman Europe and south west of Asia (the portion of Empire was able to last for six centuries. He Turkey west of the Bosporus is geographically credits the empire as an excellent illustration of part of Europe), bordering the Black Sea, between ‘challenge and responses’ [5]. Talat Sait Halman Bulgaria and Georgia, and bordering the Aegean describes the adoptive and adaptive receptiveness Sea and the Mediterranean Sea, between Greece to changes of the empire [6]. The Ottoman and Syria. It has a population of 71,892,808 in Empire no longer exists; however, scholars persist July 2008; 99.8% of the people are Muslims with that the empire occupies a major focus as the long 0.2% Christians and Jews. Moreover, 80% of the and expansive rule gave way to the path of population are Turkish and the remaining 20% transformation into modern Turkey [6]. are Kurdish [1]. Research Methodology This is a nation which has gone through various rise and decline of civilizations, the modernization The study involves the gathering of data on the by Mustapha Kemal Atarturk and the advantages Ottoman rule, the modernization and the melting of associating with and being influenced by the pot of Turkey with the absorption of quality of West.
    [Show full text]
  • The Italian Military Presence in Anatolia (1919-1922)
    The Italian military presence in Anatolia (1919-1922) The chronicle of an Italian disenchanted expansionistic attempt Michael Malinconi More than a century ago, a young Italy, still exhausted from the sacrifice plaid in War World I, occupied militarily the southern Anatolic peninsula. The operation revealed the future Italian Mediterranean strategies: clumsy, without a clear aim, doomed to failure and to a non-honourable withdraw without gains. Premises The Ottoman Empire's destiny after WWI appeared regulated by many agreements between the Allies during the war: The Treaty of London (1915), in which Italy negotiated, as a reward for its intervention beside the Triple Entente, as well as the regions of Trentino-Alto Adige, Venezia Giulia and few territories of Dalmatia, even the port of Antalya and its contiguous territories with important coal basins. As stated by Article 9 of the Treaty: “Generally speaking, France, Great Britain and Russia recognise that Italy is interested in the maintenance of the balance of power in the Mediterranean and that, in the event of the total or partial partition of Turkey in Asia, she ought to obtain a just share of the Mediterranean region adjacent to the province of Antalya, where Italy has already acquired rights and interests which formed the subject of an Italo-British convention. The zone which shall eventually be allotted to Italy shall be delimited, at the proper time, due account being taken of the existing interests of France and Great Britain. The interests of Italy shall also be taken into consideration in the event of the territorial integrity of the Turkish Empire being maintained and of alterations being made in the zones of interest of the Powers.
    [Show full text]
  • Debates of the Senate
    Debates of the Senate 2nd SESSION . 41st PARLIAMENT . VOLUME 149 . NUMBER 88 OFFICIAL REPORT (HANSARD) Thursday, October 23, 2014 The Honourable NOËL A. KINSELLA Speaker CONTENTS (Daily index of proceedings appears at back of this issue). Debates Services: D'Arcy McPherson, National Press Building, Room 906, Tel. 613-995-5756 Publications Centre: David Reeves, National Press Building, Room 926, Tel. 613-947-0609 Published by the Senate Available on the Internet: http://www.parl.gc.ca 2294 THE SENATE Thursday, October 23, 2014 The Senate met at 1:30 p.m., the Speaker in the chair. [English] [Translation] The Sergeant-at-Arms of the House of Commons, Mr. Kevin Vickers, is the one who put an end to the rampage of the individual who was hiding in the columns at the entrance of PRAYERS the Library of Parliament. The rest of the day was spent in fear and anxiety for the hundreds of people who go about their duties The Hon. the Speaker: Almighty God, we beseech thee to every day in Centre Block. protect our Queen and to bless the people of Canada. Guide us in our endeavours; let your spirit preside over our deliberations so [Translation] that, at this time assembled, we may serve ever better the cause of peace and justice in our land and throughout the world. Amen. If there is one thing that human beings know how to do in the midst of such terrifying and intense moments, it is to stand together and help one another. FALLEN SOLDIER That is what we saw throughout the day yesterday.
    [Show full text]
  • The Armistice of Mudanya Marks a Defining Moment in Securing Peace for the Near East Region and an Independent Future for the Turkish State
    Raphael Avalos, Michelle B. Milton Republic of Turkey HIST402A October 19, 2015 The Armistice of Mudanya marks a defining moment in securing peace for the Near East region and an independent future for the Turkish state. Our victory in this war of independence is absolute, and we must take the next step and assume our deserved position in the world.1 The Grand National Assembly will conclude the restoration of Turkish dignity: the Treaty of Sevres must take its rightful place in history as an inconsequential agreement, and we reaffirm our intention to complete the reunification and establishment of a sovereign Turkish homeland. The Turkish delegation will seek the invalidation of the Treaty’s clauses, with a particular focus on the clauses regarding the ownership of our historic city of Istanbul, Eastern Thrace, the Straits, and economic, military, and social policy.2 The sovereign state of Turkey condemns the inexcusable actions of the Greeks in Anatolia, and calls upon all parties of the Armistice to supervise the withdrawal of the Greek army from Eastern Thrace and ensure their pledge is upheld. Emphasizing our merited independence, The Grand National Assembly has earned the right to determine its own policy without foreign influence, and therefore resolves to terminate all capitulations that have been granted, and to define military policy and the status of minorities. Furthermore, recognizing our ties to the former Ottoman Empire, we are open to the negotiation of the empire’s remaining debt. The sovereign state of Turkey is prepared to cooperate with all parties of the Conference that are motivated to secure a stable Near East with an independent Turkish state.
    [Show full text]
  • Mosul Question (1918-1926)
    MOSUL QUESTION (1918-1926) The Institute of Economics and Social Sciences of Bilkent University by ALEV DİLEK AYDIN In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of MASTER OF ARTS in THE DEPARTMENT OF INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS BİLKENT UNIVERSITY ANKARA June 2004 I certify that I have read this thesis and I have found that it is fully adequate, in scope and in quality, as a thesis for the degree of Master of International Relations. Prof. Stanford J. Shaw Thesis Supervisor I certify that I have read this thesis and I have found that it is fully adequate, in scope and in quality, as a thesis for the degree of Master of International Relations. Asst. Prof. Nur Bilge Criss Examining Committee Member I certify that I have read this thesis and I have found that it is fully adequate, in scope and in quality, as a thesis for the degree of Master of International Relations. Asst. Prof. Oktay Özel Examining Committee Member Approval of the Institute of Economics and Social Sciences Prof. Kürşat Aydoğan Director MOSUL QUESTION (1918-1926) A Master’s Thesis by ALEV DİLEK AYDIN Department of International Relations Bilkent University Ankara June 2004 ABSTRACT MOSUL QUESTION (1918-1926) AYDIN, ALEV DİLEK MIR in International Relations Supervisor : Prof. Stanford J. Shaw June 2004 This thesis aims to elaborate the Mosul question, which was dispute first between the Great Britain and the Ottoman Empire and later between the Great Britain and Turkey. It attempts to analyze the resolution process of the Mosul question as a result of a very complex process between the years 1918-1926, with various political, diplomatic, military and legal dimensions by taking the fact into consideration that the Great Briatin was the strongest member of the League of Nations, but Turkey was not even a member.
    [Show full text]
  • Copyright by Elaine Diana Smith 1959 ORIGINS of the KEMALIST MOVEMENT and the GOVERNMENT of the GRAND NATIONAL ASSEMBLY (1919-1923) by Elaine Diana Smith
    Copyright by Elaine Diana Smith 1959 ORIGINS OF THE KEMALIST MOVEMENT AND THE GOVERNMENT OF THE GRAND NATIONAL ASSEMBLY (1919-1923) by Elaine Diana Smith Submitted to the Faculty of the Graduate School of The American University in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy in International Relations and Organization SStf* to ■ Signatures of Committee: Chairman: ■v\V^G Date: f y n I 1} June 1959 The lerican Univer: Washington, D.C. TABLE OF CONTENTS CHAPTER PAGE PREFACE............................................... iv INTRODUCTION.......................................... vii I. HISTORICAL BACKGROUND ............................ 1 II. EARLY NATIONALIST EFFORTS TO FORM A GOVERNMENT IN ANATOLIA (1919-1920) lU III. THE ESTABLISHMENT OF THE GOVERNMENT OF THE GRAND NATIONAL ASSEMBLY (APRIL 23, 19 2 0 ) ............ 37 IV. "NATIONAL SOVEREIGNTY" THE DOCTRINAL BASIS OF KEMALISM ................................... 55 V. THE DEVELOPMENT OF POLITICAL GROUPINGS AND PARTIES . 77 VI. THE EMERGENCE OF MUSTAFA KEMAL PASHA AS THE LEADER OF THE NEW TURKEY......................... 95 VII. HOW THE SOCIOLOGICAL AND ECONOMIC PROBLEMS FACING THE KEMALIST GOVERNMENT WERE M E T ................. 116 VIII. THE BASIC LINES OF KEMALIST FOREIGN POLICY (1919-1923) .............................. 132 XI. CONCLUSIONS..................................... 152 CRITICAL BIBLIOGRAPHY................................... 15b SELECTED BIBLIOGRAPHY................................... 166 APPENDIX A. Chronology of Important Events (1918-1925) .... 191 APPENDIX B. The National Pact (Mill! Misak) of January 20, 1920 .......................... 195 iii CHAPTER PAGE APPENDIX C. Communication of Mustafa Kemal to Turkish Civil and Military Authorities, March 16, 1920 .... 197 APPENDIX D. Letter to World Leaders by Mustafa Kemal, March 16, 1920 ............................ 198 APPENDIX E. Fundamental Articles of the Constitutional Act of the Grand National Assembly (Law of Fundamental Organization) January 20, 1921 .
    [Show full text]
  • FRIDTJOF NANSEN and the GREEK REFUGEE PROBLEM1 (September-November 1922)
    HARRY J. PSOMIADES FRIDTJOF NANSEN AND THE GREEK REFUGEE PROBLEM1 (September-November 1922) Although the Allied powers had proscribed the newly created League of Nations in Geneva (1919) from being a major player in the shaping of a peace settlement following the defeat of Greek arms in Asia Minor, they were more than eager to have it assume responsibility for a humanitarian crisis for which they were partly culpable. Even before the end of Greek-Turkish hostilities (1919-1922)2 and the signing of the Mudanya armistice in October 1922, they had contemplated calling upon the newly created League of Nations in Geneva (1919) to act as liaison between the Greek and Turkish authorities in matters 1. This work was made possible, in part, by a grant from the Alexander S. Onassis Public Benefit Foundation; by the support of the director and staff of the League of Nations Archives (Geneva) in 1992; by the director (Dr. Valentini Tselika) and staff of the Benaki Museum Historical Archives, Penelope Delta House (Kifisia); and by the director (Dr. Photini Thomai Constantopoulou) and staff (Michael Mantios) of the Diplomatic and Historical Archives, Hellenic Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Athens). 2. Following the armistice of Mudros (October 20, 1918), Greek forces occupied Eastern Thrace and in May 1919, at the invitation of the Allies, the Smyrna [Izmir] district. The long delayed and fateful Near East peace treaty of Sèvres (August 20, 1920), not unexpectedly awarded, inter alia, to Greece Eastern Thrace and provided for a zone of Greek influence in the Smyrna region that would eventually lead to Greek annexation.
    [Show full text]
  • BALKAN PACT and TURKEY Assoc. Prof. Dr. Esra S. DEGERLİ
    BALKAN PACT AND TURKEY Assoc. Prof. Dr. Esra S. DEGERL* Abstract As well as Italy’s expansionist tendencies in Mediterranean and the Balkans and Nazi’s coming into power in Germany in 1933, the armament race of the European countries began to threaten the world peace. Inevitably, these events led Turkey to search for territorial security. Thus, with the directives of Mustafa Kemal Atatürk, Turkey made attempts to establish close ties with the whole Balkan countries. In this context, Turkey initially solved the problems with Greece remained from Lausanne and then signed the treaty of friendship with Greece on September 14th, 1933 in Ankara. Turkey, giving much importance to the collaboration in Balkans, also concluded agreements of cooperation with Romania on October 17th, 1933 and with Yugoslavia on November 27th, 1933 within the fields of Friendship, Nonaggression, Judgmental Solutions, Arbiter and Conciliation. Furthermore, with the pioneering steps of Turkey and Greece and the participation of Yugoslavia and Romania, Balkan Pact was signed on February 9th, 1934 in Athens. Though Balkan Pact, surviving between 1934 and 1941, never realized the territorial defence precisely, Turkey took an important role in maintaining the world peace by remaining true to the pact. Key words: Mustafa Kemal Atatürk, Turkey, Greece, Balkan Pact, The Balkan Conferences INTRODUCTION After World War I, 1st Paris Peace Conference was held in January 18, 1919 by the participation of 32 diplomats. After that in June 28, 1919 Germany was made to sign the Treaty of Versailles; Austria in September 19, 1919 Saint German; Bulgaria in November 27, 1919 Neuilly; Hungary in June 4, 1920 Trianon; and lastly Ottoman Empire in August 10, 1920 Sevr.
    [Show full text]
  • The Relations of Istanbul and Ankara Within the Press of Turkish National Struggle (1918-1922)
    THE RELATIONS OF İSTANBUL AND ANKARA WITHIN THE PRESS OF TURKISH NATIONAL STRUGGLE (1918-1922) A THESIS SUBMITTED TO THE GRADUATE SCHOOL OF SOCIAL SCIENCES OF MIDDLE EAST TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY BY ALİ DEMİREL IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF ARTS IN THE DEPARTMENT OF HISTORY JULY 2018 Approval of the Graduate School of Social Sciences Prof. Dr. Tülin Gençöz Director I certify that this thesis satisfies all the requirements as a thesis for the degree of Master of Arts. Prof. Dr. Ömer Turan Head of Department This is to certify that we have read this thesis and that in our opinion it is fully adequate, in scope and quality, as a thesis for the degree of Master of Arts. (Title and Name) Prof. Dr. Ömer Turan Co-Supervisor Supervisor Examining Committee Members Prof. Dr. Mustafa Yılmaz (Hacettepe Uni., AİT) Prof. Dr. Ömer Turan (METU, HIST) Assist. Prof. Dr. Akile Zorlu Durukan (METU, HIST) Appendix D. Sample Plagiarism Page I hereby declare that all information in this document has been obtained and presented in accordance with academic rules and ethical conduct. I also declare that, as required by these rules and conduct, I have fully cited and referenced all material and results that are not original to this work. Name, Last name : Ali Demirel Signature : iii ABSTRACT THE RELATIONS OF İSTANBUL AND ANKARA WITHIN THE PRESS OF TURKISH NATIONAL STRUGGLE (1918-1922) Demirel, Ali M.A., Department of History Supervisor: Prof. Dr. Ömer Turan July 2018, 305 Pages The basic goal of this thesis is to analyze the relations of the Turkish Nationalists with the İstanbul Governments, the Allied powers and also Soviet Russia during the Turkish National Struggle with a special focus on the religious-judicial and military- political legitimacy of the National movement as reflected in the newspapers published in İstanbul and Anatolia.
    [Show full text]
  • Location and History Getting Around Things to Do Going
    location and history getting around things to do going out shopping food & drink where to stay useful information city map Location and History Location Location and History Location and History Location History Bursa is located between 40 degrees longitude and 28-30 latitude The earliest known settlement at this location was the Ancient in the North West of Turkey and to the south east of the Marmara Greek city of Cius, which Philip V of Macedon granted to Prusias, Location and History Location Sea. It is surrounded by Bilecik and Adapazarı to the east, Kocaeli, the king of Bithynia, in 202 BC. Prusias rebuilt the city and Yalova, İstanbul and the Marmara Sea to the north, Eskişehir and renamed it to Prusia. Bursa became the first major capital city Kütahya to the south, and Balıkesir to the west. It has 17 districts of the early Ottoman Empire following its capture from the (Büyükorhan, Gemlik, Gürsu, Harmancık, İnegöl, İznik, Karacabey, Byzantines in 1326. During the Ottoman period, Bursa continued Keles, Kestel, Mudanya, Mustafakemalpaşa, Orhaneli, Orhangazi, to be the source of most royal silk products. The population Yenişehir, Nilüfer, Osmangazi and Yıldırım). In the north the of Bursa was 45,000 in 1487. Bursa remained to be the most Marmara Sea comprises a 135 km shoreline. important administrative and commercial center for centuries. Following the foundation of the Republic of Turkey, Bursa became one of the industrial centres of the country. BURSA First capital city of Ottoman Empire Population 2,9 million Area 11.027 km2 Uludağ the highest mountain (2543 m) 155 m above sea level Mild climate Yeşil Türbe (The Green Tomb) Local Transport Local Arrival Local Transport Arrival By Ferry / Sea Bus BUSES Route 1 Regular ferry and sea bus services are operated between Yenikapı (İstanbul) From the coach terminal to the city centre, buses are available for 24 and Mudanya (Bursa) & Güzelyalı (Bursa) ports for passengers and vehicles.
    [Show full text]
  • The Spoils of War and Priorities for Peace, 1918-1926: a Study of British Policy Towards the Greeks, Armenians and Kurds in Anatolia and Southern Kurdistan
    The spoils of war and priorities for peace, 1918-1926: A study of British policy towards the Greeks, Armenians and Kurds in Anatolia and Southern Kurdistan. Andrew Blore Masters Thesis International Relations MA Supervisor: Vineet Thakur Word count: 15,105 (excl. footnotes, bibliography, appendices, figures & titles) s2100797; [email protected] Date of submission: 03-08-2018 Leiden University International Relations MA Table of Contents Abstract ................................................................................................................................................ iv Acknowledgements .............................................................................................................................. v 1 Introduction and research question .............................................................................................. 1 .......................................................................................................................................................... 6 1.1 Western conceptions of civilisation in the “Near East” ......................................................... 7 1.2 Literature review ................................................................................................................... 8 1.3 Research design and methodology ..................................................................................... 13 2 Background – British perspective on the late Ottoman empire and the emergence of a Turkish Republic .............................................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]