Sous le Haut Patronage de Sa Majesté le Roi Mohammed VI
Les premières Assises Nationales de la Protection Sociale « Ensemble pour un système de protection sociale intégré et pérenne»
Integrated social protection systems to build resilience of poor people
Alexandra Yuster Skhirat, 12-13 novembre 2018
Associate Director Social Policy, Programme Division UNICEF New York Integrated social protection systems to build resilience of poor people
Alexandra Yuster Associate Director Social Policy, Programme Division UNICEF New York What is social protection?
SDG Target 1.3 - Implement nationally appropriate social protection systems and measures for all, including floors, and by 2030 achieve substantial coverage of the poor and the vulnerable
Social Protection Floors Recommendation, 2012 (No. 202)
1. Access to essential 2. Basic income security for 3. Basic income security for persons in health care, including children, (access to nutrition, active age who are unable to earn 4. Basic income security Social services and care for older persons. maternity care. education, care). sufficient income.
Health insurance Child grants, fee Cash transfer; jobs and Social pensions for Out-reach and case waivers, school feeding labor interventions and older people management and access to services social pensions
Definition `a set of policies and programs aimed at preventing or protecting all people against poverty, vulnerability and social exclusion throughout their lifecycle, with a particular emphasis towards vulnerable groups’ (SPIAC-B). Social protection and life-cycle approach
Old age Access to health care/ pensions health insurance Old age Child grants/ maternity Cash transfers, grants/ access to mother employment guarantees, and child care/ adequate Pregnancy nutrition access to skills Youth and to first development adulthood opportunities 1000 days Social Protection and Life-cycle approach Child grants/ access to ECE 11-17 3-5 years Transition from primary to years old secondary, hazardous child labor, delaying sexual debut and early marriage 6-10 years old Cash for education, school feeding, reduction in negative coping mechanisms (child labor) Effective social protection systems
• Move beyond traditional formal sector social security mechanisms • Are designed to reach and protect all members of society, especially the most marginalised • Help address economic and social vulnerability • Contribute to the strengthening of human capital • Cover individuals throughout the life cycle • Are adaptive, flexible and agile, in order to be able to respond to new shocks, risks or crises Three levels of systems SP system integration
Admin: Integrated administrative tools (payment mechanism, social registries/ unified registries and monitoring and evaluation) to support one or multiple programmes Social protection law
Programmes: Coordination and Social strategic harmonization among programmes at all framework/ levels roadmap Prog. 1: Child grants Admin: (Payment Prog. 5: mechanism; health beneficiary registries, insuranc Prog. 2: M&E). e Policies: Overall policy Prog. 4: In kind Financing social coherence, common transfer pensions and shared vision, framework Prog. 3: School financing mechanisms. feeding Programmes
Evidence on poverty and SP systems Policies Brazil: Reaching the poorest – a success story from 2001 to 2014 (not so much recently)
Public resources on social assistance and Gini Index (from 1991 to 2014) multidimensional chronic poverty rate (95% CI)
Source: UNDEA Brazilian Social Protection system – integration leading to better outcomes
Chart 1: Summary of part of the strategies and instruments regarding MANAGEMENT SYSTEM OF THE BOLSA FAMILIA the actions of the MDS in the Plan PROGRAM Key feature To improve the design and the BOLSA FAMILIA management of Income Guarantee PROGRAM programs CONTINUOUS WELFARE - Defining minimum benefit level in the law BENEFIT FOR THE To identify and include all families ELDERLY AND DISABLED in extreme poverty in the Single - Multidimensional poverty approach Registry and the income guarantee CHILD LABOR programs ERADICATION PROGRAM - Active search of the poorest and To reinforce the role of the Single ADOLESCENT PROGRAM Registry as the main instrument for marginalized; poverty maps and evidence the coordination of actions and ACTIVE SEARCH access to public policies in the strategy to eradicate extreme - Targeted but interconnected programmes; poverty SINGLE REGISTRY FOR Poor and SOCIAL PROGRAMS OF lifecycle approach extremely Poor THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT
To increase the follow up of - Establishment of single registry for SYSTEM FOR THE conditions and to promote the MONITORING OF coordination and identification follow up of families in vulnerable CONDITIONALITY conditions STRATEGIES EXTENSION OF THE - Shared management - Multisectoral To extend and qualify the offer of OFFER OF SUAS coordination body services from Unified Social INSTRUMENTS Assistance System and Social work SPECIALIZED SERVICE with families in vulnerable FOR THE HOMELESS - Access to services and care an essential and territories POPULATION integral part of the approach Source, MDS, material for the preparation of BSM, 2011 South Africa’s Unconditional Child Grant
- Political support at the highest level – defining a new social contract in post-apartheid South Africa, where everyone is protected
- Including legal provisions for social protection into the constitution (Social security commitments of 1994 constitution)
- Commitment from the highest level to register everyone who are eligible – President Mbeki announcement.
- Key programmatic shifts to target poor
- Ease in birth registration (Government hospital now deliver birth registration rather than home office)
- Change in benefit size from US$22 to 34/ month to have meaningful impact on poverty (inflation adjusted)
- Engagement of CSO and NGOs in communication and identifying poor
- Simplified documentation requirements, widely- publicized procedure information, a faster application process, and more options for collecting grant money. Benazir Income Support Programme – Pakistan
5.29 Million - Enacted as an act of Parliament, BSIP was Beneficiaries and established to address poverty Employment adjustable transfer size and skills - 6 Regional offices, 33 divisional offices and 385 sub- development for beneficiaries district offices in all over the country 1.37 million children - National Socioeconomic Registry database Unconditional receiving cash transfer Poverty containing information on the socioeconomic status Access to Targeted Conditional for education of over 27 million households (HH) across Pakistan – finance/ Programme educational grant micro loans (5.29 Million to beneficiary covering 87% of the population. for Beneficiaries) children beneficiaries 58, 000 beneficiaries - More than 40 other programs/initiatives have trained on different skills benefitted from social registry database and employment Health insurance to generation activities - National registry is linked with NADRA (National beneficiaries identification card) including biometric data
48,000 women - Unconditional poverty transfers linked with co- committees created in responsibility of cash transfer for education, health 32 Districts and provided insurance and livelihood and access to finance. trainings on nutrition, - Innovation payment mechanisms linked with child care, family biometric; innovative communication through street planning & adult literacy theatre and local plays; community participation. Sustainable financing for social protection
Two options: Ghana - fuel subsidy reform funded social assistance expansion 1. Re-allocating public expenditure - e.g. via Indonesia – adjusted social protection subsidy reform programmes following successive subsidy cuts
1. Increasing tax revenue - progressive taxation on income, property and Mongolia started financing child benefits inheritance; corporate taxes, including the from taxing copper exports financial sector and tariffs (imports/exports) Evidence building: Monitoring and evaluation
Strong M&E systems are critical for continuous programme improvement
M&E can help you determine… - Whether you reaching all intended beneficiaries - Impact on poverty - Changes in employment & livelihoods - Use and outcomes of health, education & nutrition
Information which can then help you to…
- Define appropriate minimum benefit levels - Make design changes to improve coverage - Identify needs for strengthening programme linkages - Make effective policy and budget decisions
Consider using ISPA tools to help you with these efforts.
Source: UNDESA based on ASPIRE, 2014 Thank you!