DOCSLIB.ORG

The Northern Dimension in Modern Scottish Literature

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
The Northern Dimension in Modern Scottish Literature A Polar Projection: The Northern Dimension in Modern Scottish Literature by Michael Jon Anthony Stachura M.Litt. (English), The University of Stirling, 2009 M.A. (English), The University of Aberdeen, 2008 Dissertation Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Department of English Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences © Michael Jon Anthony Stachura 2015 SIMON FRASER UNIVERSITY Spring 2015 Approval Name: Michael Stachura Degree: Doctor of Philosophy (English) Title: A Polar Projection: The Northern Dimension in Modern Scottish Literature Examining Committee: Chair: Jeff Derksen Associate Professor Leith Davis Senior Supervisor Professor Susan Brook Supervisor Associate Professor Penny Fielding Supervisor Professor Department of English University of Edinburgh, Scotland Tina Adcock Internal Examiner Assistant Professor Department of History Scott Hames External Examiner Professor Department of English University of Stirling, Scotland Date Defended/Approved: April 8, 2015 ii Partial Copyright Licence iii Abstract Drawing on a transnational turn in recent Scottish literary criticism, this dissertation examines a transnational northern dimension in modern Scottish literature. Following a ‘No’ vote in an historic referendum on independence in 2014, the question of what Scotland and ‘Scottishness’ is in a post-referendum twenty-first century world is once again being debated and reimagined. Literature, as always in Scotland, will play a major role in this process. While the nation and national identity remain important subjects of critical focus and investigation, the writers examined within this dissertation offer ways of reorienting and reconsidering the conceptual, cultural, and creative boundaries of Scotland and Scottish literature, moving northwards into an awareness of as well as engagement with a Nordic and broader circumpolar world. For these writers, the North is both a physical as well as conceptual space, and it is articulated in a number of ways: as an aspirational identity; a metaphysical space, theological as well as philosophical; as the cultural, historical and geographical world of the Norse sagas; and a larger cartographic and physical space of being in the natural world, or more geographically, ecologically, and topographically defined, being in the North. By looking North, the writers I consider in this dissertation have complicated essential notions of Scotland and transcended proscriptive conceptions of Scottishness through a reorientation of their imaginative and creative perspectives. At a time when the North is becoming an important transnational subject of critical study, these writers provide an opportunity for Scottish studies to expand its critical scope into a broader global context. From James Macpherson’s transnational northern epic Ossian (1765) to the northern ecophilosophical writing of Hugh MacDiarmid, Kenneth White, Kathleen Jamie and John Burnside, and from the creative engagement with the Icelandic sagas in the Norse novels of George Mackay Brown and Margaret Elphinstone to the transnational northern imaginative and discursive space in the contemporary Shetlandic poetry of Robert Alan Jamieson and Christine De Luca, there has been and continues to be a strong transnational northern dimension in modern Scottish literature. I will conclude by suggesting new critical directions in Scottish northern studies. Keywords: Scotland; modern Scottish literature; North; transnational literature iv Table of Contents Approval ............................................................................................................................. ii Partial Copyright Licence .................................................................................................. iii Abstract ............................................................................................................................. iv Table of Contents ............................................................................................................... v Introduction .......................................................................................................................1 Chapter One: Epics of the North ................................................................................. 22 Chapter Two: Scottish Shamans ................................................................................. 63 Chapter Three: Scottish Sagas .................................................................................. 113 Chapter Four: A Polar Projection .............................................................................. 147 Conclusion ...................................................................................................................194 References ...................................................................................................................210 v Introduction After a successful devolution referendum in 1997, which came on the back of a failed referendum in 1979, Scotland regained some form of political representation from Westminster through devolution and the reestablishment of a Scottish Parliament in 1999. In the recent independence referendum in 2014, however, Scottish voters voted ‘No’ to Scottish independence by a margin of ten percent. In the wake of such an historic referendum, the topic of what Scotland is and how it can be reconceived is once again becoming a central issue. The very question asked of Scottish voters, “Should Scotland be an independent country?” begs its own questions. What is a country? What is the difference between a country and a nation? What is Scotland? What does it mean to be “independent” in the twenty-first century? Writing in Scott Hames’s collection Unstated: Writers on Scottish Independence (2012), the author Denise Mina argues that Scotland is the perfect case study for such questions. “We could be at the helm of a public, philosophical exploration of, for example, the scope of our social and moral obligations, of the limits of international interdependence, of twenty-first century conceptions of statehood,” states Mina. “It could be the start of a new enlightenment.”1 Scottish literature—which has always been seen as something of an ‘unacknowledged legislator’ in terms of cultural politics and identity—will no doubt be at 1 Denise Mina, “Denise Mina,” in Unstated: Writers on Scottish Independence, ed. Scott Hames (Edinburgh: Word Power Books, 2012), 153. 1 the heart of these debates. Just as the failed 1979 referendum precipitated a gallimaufry of angry, confident, diverse, and politically attuned Scottish literary voices, the recent referendum result is sure to initiate another debate in Scottish literature and Scottish studies about what Scotland is in a post-referendum twenty-first century world. In The Modern Scottish Novel (1999), Cairns Craig argues that the novel offers a space wherein the concept of the nation and national identity can be debated. In Scotlands: Poets and the Nation (2004), Alan Riach and Douglas Gifford argue that the topic of the nation has likewise been at the heart of Scottish poetry. In this dissertation, however, I will discuss a range of modern Scottish writers who look beyond the national and reconceptualize Scotland as being part of a larger transnational northern or circumpolar world. In the same year that Hames’s book was published, Historic Scotland and the National Trust for Scotland, in partnership with Creative Scotland and the Scottish Poetry Library, commissioned ten of Scotland’s best poets to write a poem commemorating the 700th anniversary of the Battle of Bannockburn. The victory of Robert the Bruce at Bannockburn in 1314 is a landmark event in Scottish history, and both its history and subsequent mythologizing in culture has informed the Scottish imagination for over seven hundred years. Taking place only two years before the referendum vote, the task of writing a poem on a national theme that had the chance of being inscribed for posterity on the monument of such a symbol of national identity was culturally and politically charged. The winning poem by Kathleen Jamie, “Here Lies Our Land,” which has since been inscribed on the Rotunda, escapes didacticism and historical triumphalism by looking at and contemplating Scotland and Scottishness in a very different way. 2 Here lies our land: every airt Beneath swift clouds, glad glints of sun, Belonging to none but itself. We are mere transients, who sing Its westlin’ winds and fernie braes, Northern lights and siller tides, Small folk playing our part. ‘Come all ye,’ the country says, You win me, who take me most to heart.2 The poem is undeniably Scottish: it is about connection to “our land”; it uses Scots; it pays homage to several figures, poems, and popular ballads of the Scottish literary tradition; and it alludes to the Scottish national pastime of talking about the weather, especially when the sun comes out. If the four-beat tetrameter makes a “profound bow” to the past masters of John Barbour, Robert Burns, and Walter Scott, all of who wrote about Bannockburn in that meter, the slip from such a nationally charged tetrameter into the trimeter of the third line is revealing.3 It moves away from conceptions of Scotland and Scottishness defined by historical animosity with England, territorial claim and national boundaries into a sense of belonging that is instead founded on respect for and connection with the natural landscape and phenomena of Scotland. The land, as Jamie
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Studies in Celtic Languages and Literatures: Irish, Scottish Gaelic and Cornish
    e-Keltoi: Journal of Interdisciplinary Celtic Studies Volume 9 Book Reviews Article 7 1-29-2010 Celtic Presence: Studies in Celtic Languages and Literatures: Irish, Scottish Gaelic and Cornish. Piotr Stalmaszczyk. Łódź: Łódź University Press, Poland, 2005. Hardcover, 197 pages. ISBN:978-83-7171-849-6. Emily McEwan-Fujita University of Pittsburgh Follow this and additional works at: https://dc.uwm.edu/ekeltoi Recommended Citation McEwan-Fujita, Emily (2010) "Celtic Presence: Studies in Celtic Languages and Literatures: Irish, Scottish Gaelic and Cornish. Piotr Stalmaszczyk. Łódź: Łódź University Press, Poland, 2005. Hardcover, 197 pages. ISBN:978-83-7171-849-6.," e-Keltoi: Journal of Interdisciplinary Celtic Studies: Vol. 9 , Article 7. Available at: https://dc.uwm.edu/ekeltoi/vol9/iss1/7 This Book Review is brought to you for free and open access by UWM Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in e-Keltoi: Journal of Interdisciplinary Celtic Studies by an authorized administrator of UWM Digital Commons. For more information, please contact open- [email protected]. Celtic Presence: Studies in Celtic Languages and Literatures: Irish, Scottish Gaelic and Cornish. Piotr Stalmaszczyk. Łódź: Łódź University Press, Poland, 2005. Hardcover, 197 pages. ISBN: 978-83- 7171-849-6. $36.00. Emily McEwan-Fujita, University of Pittsburgh This book's central theme, as the author notes in the preface, is "dimensions of Celtic linguistic presence" as manifested in diverse sociolinguistic contexts. However, the concept of "linguistic presence" gives
    [Show full text]
  • Prose Supplement 7 (2011) [Click for Pdf]
    PS edited by Raymond Friel and Richard Price number 7 Ten Richard Price It’s ten years since I started Painted, spoken. Looking back over the issues of the magazine, two of the central patterns were there from the word go. They’re plain as day in the title: the fluid yet directing edge poetry shares with the visual arts, and, somewhere so far in the other direction it’s almost the same thing, the porous edge poetry shares with sound or performance, so porous you can hear it in its hollows. Although the magazine grew out of serial offences in little magazineship, the first impulse was to be quite different formally from Gairfish, Verse, and Southfields, each of which had placed a premium on explanation, on prose engagement, and on the analysis of the cultural traditions from which the poems they published either appeared to emerge or through which, whatever their actual origins, they could be understood. Painted, spoken would be much more tight-lipped, a gallery without the instant contextualisation demanded by an educational agenda (perhaps rightly in a public situation, but a mixed model is surely better than a constant ‘tell-us-what-to-think’ approach and the public isn’t always best served by conventional teaching). Instead, poems in Painted, spoken would take their bearings from what individual readers brought to the texts ‘themselves’ - because readers are never really alone - and also from the association of texts with each other, in a particular issue and across issues. The magazine went on its laconic way for several years until a different perspective began to open up, a crystal started to solidify, whatever metaphor you’d care to use for time-lapse comprehension (oh there’s another one): in management-speak, significant change impressed on the strategy and the strategy needed to change.
    [Show full text]
  • Open PDF 181KB
    Constitution Committee Corrected oral evidence: Future governance of the UK Tuesday 13 July 2021 2.15 pm Watch the meeting Members present: Baroness Taylor of Bolton (The Chair); Baroness Corston; Baroness Doocey; Baroness Drake; Lord Dunlop; Lord Faulks; Baroness Fookes; Lord Hennessy of Nympsfield; Lord Hope of Craighead; Lord Howarth of Newport; Lord Howell of Guildford; Lord Sherbourne of Didsbury; Baroness Suttie. Evidence Session No. 6 Virtual Proceeding Questions 69 - 80 Witness I: Rt Hon Angus Robertson MSP, Cabinet Secretary for the Constitution, External Affairs and Culture, Scottish Government. USE OF THE TRANSCRIPT This is a corrected transcript of evidence taken in public and webcast on www.parliamentlive.tv. 1 Examination of witness Angus Robertson. Q69 The Chair: This is the Constitution Committee of the House of Lords. We are conducting an inquiry into the future governance of the United Kingdom, and our witness this afternoon is the right honourable Angus Robertson, who is Cabinet Secretary for the Constitution, External Affairs and Culture in the Scottish Government. Good afternoon to you, Angus Robertson. Angus Robertson: Good afternoon. Thanks for inviting me. The Chair: You are very welcome. Can we start our discussion with a general question? What is the current state of the union from your point of view, from your Government’s point of view? Given all that is being said at the moment, this is a very topical question and very fundamental to the work that we are doing. Angus Robertson: Of course. In a nutshell, I would probably say that the current state of the union is unfit for purpose.
    [Show full text]
  • ROBERT BURNS and PASTORAL This Page Intentionally Left Blank Robert Burns and Pastoral
    ROBERT BURNS AND PASTORAL This page intentionally left blank Robert Burns and Pastoral Poetry and Improvement in Late Eighteenth-Century Scotland NIGEL LEASK 1 3 Great Clarendon Street, Oxford OX26DP Oxford University Press is a department of the University of Oxford. It furthers the University’s objective of excellence in research, scholarship, and education by publishing worldwide in Oxford New York Auckland Cape Town Dar es Salaam Hong Kong Karachi Kuala Lumpur Madrid Melbourne Mexico City Nairobi New Delhi Shanghai Taipei Toronto With offices in Argentina Austria Brazil Chile Czech Republic France Greece Guatemala Hungary Italy Japan Poland Portugal Singapore South Korea Switzerland Thailand Turkey Ukraine Vietnam Oxford is a registered trade mark of Oxford University Press in the UK and in certain other countries Published in the United States by Oxford University Press Inc., New York # Nigel Leask 2010 The moral rights of the author have been asserted Database right Oxford University Press (maker) First published 2010 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, without the prior permission in writing of Oxford University Press, or as expressly permitted by law, or under terms agreed with the appropriate reprographics rights organization. Enquiries concerning reproduction outside the scope of the above should be sent to the Rights Department, Oxford University Press, at the address above You must not circulate this book in any other binding or cover and you must impose the same condition on any acquirer British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data Data available Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data Data available Typeset by SPI Publisher Services, Pondicherry, India Printed in Great Britain on acid-free paper by MPG Books Group, Bodmin and King’s Lynn ISBN 978–0–19–957261–8 13579108642 In Memory of Joseph Macleod (1903–84), poet and broadcaster This page intentionally left blank Acknowledgements This book has been of long gestation.
    [Show full text]
  • Introduction: Borderlines: Contemporary Scottish Gothic
    Notes Introduction: Borderlines: Contemporary Scottish Gothic 1. Caroline McCracken-Flesher, writing shortly before the latter film’s release, argues that it is, like the former, ‘still an outsider tale’; despite the emphasis on ‘Scottishness’ within these films, they could only emerge from outside Scotland. Caroline McCracken-Flesher (2012) The Doctor Dissected: A Cultural Autopsy of the Burke and Hare Murders (Oxford: Oxford University Press), p. 20. 2. Kirsty A. MacDonald (2009) ‘Scottish Gothic: Towards a Definition’, The Bottle Imp, 6, 1–2, p. 1. 3. Andrew Payne and Mark Lewis (1989) ‘The Ghost Dance: An Interview with Jacques Derrida’, Public, 2, 60–73, p. 61. 4. Nicholas Royle (2003) The Uncanny (Manchester: Manchester University Press), p. 12. 5. Allan Massie (1992) The Hanging Tree (London: Mandarin), p. 61. 6. See Luke Gibbons (2004) Gaelic Gothic: Race, Colonization, and Irish Culture (Galway: Arlen House), p. 20. As Coral Ann Howells argues in a discussion of Radcliffe, Mrs Kelly, Horsley-Curteis, Francis Lathom, and Jane Porter, Scott’s novels ‘were enthusiastically received by a reading public who had become accustomed by a long literary tradition to associate Scotland with mystery and adventure’. Coral Ann Howells (1978) Love, Mystery, and Misery: Feeling in Gothic Fiction (London: Athlone Press), p. 19. 7. Ann Radcliffe (1995) The Castles of Athlin and Dunbayne, ed. Alison Milbank (Oxford: Oxford University Press), p. 3. 8. As James Watt notes, however, Castles of Athlin and Dunbayne remains a ‘derivative and virtually unnoticed experiment’, heavily indebted to Clara Reeves’s The Old English Baron. James Watt (1999) Contesting the Gothic: Fiction, Genre and Cultural Conflict, 1764–1832 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press), p.
    [Show full text]
  • Gaelic Scotland in the Colonial Imagination
    Gaelic Scotland in the Colonial Imagination Gaelic Scotland in the Colonial Imagination Anglophone Writing from 1600 to 1900 Silke Stroh northwestern university press evanston, illinois Northwestern University Press www .nupress.northwestern .edu Copyright © 2017 by Northwestern University Press. Published 2017. All rights reserved. Printed in the United States of America 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication data are available from the Library of Congress. Except where otherwise noted, this book is licensed under a Creative Commons At- tribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/. In all cases attribution should include the following information: Stroh, Silke. Gaelic Scotland in the Colonial Imagination: Anglophone Writing from 1600 to 1900. Evanston, Ill.: Northwestern University Press, 2017. For permissions beyond the scope of this license, visit www.nupress.northwestern.edu An electronic version of this book is freely available, thanks to the support of libraries working with Knowledge Unlatched. KU is a collaborative initiative designed to make high-quality books open access for the public good. More information about the initiative and links to the open-access version can be found at www.knowledgeunlatched.org Contents Acknowledgments vii Introduction 3 Chapter 1 The Modern Nation- State and Its Others: Civilizing Missions at Home and Abroad, ca. 1600 to 1800 33 Chapter 2 Anglophone Literature of Civilization and the Hybridized Gaelic Subject: Martin Martin’s Travel Writings 77 Chapter 3 The Reemergence of the Primitive Other? Noble Savagery and the Romantic Age 113 Chapter 4 From Flirtations with Romantic Otherness to a More Integrated National Synthesis: “Gentleman Savages” in Walter Scott’s Novel Waverley 141 Chapter 5 Of Celts and Teutons: Racial Biology and Anti- Gaelic Discourse, ca.
    [Show full text]
  • Angeletti, Gioia (1997) Scottish Eccentrics: the Tradition of Otherness in Scottish Poetry from Hogg to Macdiarmid
    Angeletti, Gioia (1997) Scottish eccentrics: the tradition of otherness in Scottish poetry from Hogg to MacDiarmid. PhD thesis. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/2552/ Copyright and moral rights for this thesis are retained by the author A copy can be downloaded for personal non-commercial research or study, without prior permission or charge This thesis cannot be reproduced or quoted extensively from without first obtaining permission in writing from the Author The content must not be changed in any way or sold commercially in any format or medium without the formal permission of the Author When referring to this work, full bibliographic details including the author, title, awarding institution and date of the thesis must be given Glasgow Theses Service http://theses.gla.ac.uk/ [email protected] SCOTTISH ECCENTRICS: THE TRADITION OF OTHERNESS IN SCOTTISH POETRY FROM HOGG TO MACDIARMID by Gioia Angeletti 2 VOLUMES VOLUME I Thesis submitted for the degreeof PhD Department of Scottish Literature Facultyof Arts, Universityof Glasgow,October 1997 ý'i ý'"'ý# '; iý "ý ý'; ý y' ý': ' i ý., ý, Fý ABSTRACT This study attempts to modify the received opinion that Scottish poetry of the nineteenth-centuryfailed to build on the achievementsof the century (and centuries) before. Rather it suggeststhat a number of significant poets emerged in the period who represent an ongoing clearly Scottish tradition, characterised by protean identities and eccentricity, which leads on to MacDiarmid and the `Scottish Renaissance'of the twentieth century. The work of the poets in question is thus seen as marked by recurring linguistic, stylistic and thematic eccentricities which are often radical and subversive.
    [Show full text]
  • Full Bibliography (PDF)
    SOMHAIRLE MACGILL-EAIN BIBLIOGRAPHY POETICAL WORKS 1940 MacLean, S. and Garioch, Robert. 17 Poems for 6d. Edinburgh: Chalmers Press, 1940. MacLean, S. and Garioch, Robert. Seventeen Poems for Sixpence [second issue with corrections]. Edinburgh: Chalmers Press, 1940. 1943 MacLean, S. Dàin do Eimhir agus Dàin Eile. Glasgow: William MacLellan, 1943. 1971 MacLean, S. Poems to Eimhir, translated from the Gaelic by Iain Crichton Smith. London: Victor Gollancz, 1971. MacLean, S. Poems to Eimhir, translated from the Gaelic by Iain Crichton Smith. (Northern House Pamphlet Poets, 15). Newcastle upon Tyne: Northern House, 1971. 1977 MacLean, S. Reothairt is Contraigh: Taghadh de Dhàin 1932-72 /Spring tide and Neap tide: Selected Poems 1932-72. Edinburgh: Canongate, 1977. 1987 MacLean, S. Poems 1932-82. Philadelphia: Iona Foundation, 1987. 1989 MacLean, S. O Choille gu Bearradh / From Wood to Ridge: Collected Poems in Gaelic and English. Manchester: Carcanet, 1989. 1991 MacLean, S. O Choille gu Bearradh/ From Wood to Ridge: Collected Poems in Gaelic and English. London: Vintage, 1991. 1999 MacLean, S. Eimhir. Stornoway: Acair, 1999. MacLean, S. O Choille gu Bearradh/From Wood to Ridge: Collected Poems in Gaelic and in English translation. Manchester and Edinburgh: Carcanet/Birlinn, 1999. 2002 MacLean, S. Dàin do Eimhir/Poems to Eimhir, ed. Christopher Whyte. Glasgow: Association of Scottish Literary Studies, 2002. MacLean, S. Hallaig, translated by Seamus Heaney. Sleat: Urras Shomhairle, 2002. PROSE WRITINGS 1 1945 MacLean, S. ‘Bliain Shearlais – 1745’, Comar (Nollaig 1945). 1947 MacLean, S. ‘Aspects of Gaelic Poetry’ in Scottish Art and Letters, No. 3 (1947), 37. 1953 MacLean, S. ‘Am misgear agus an cluaran: A Drunk Man looks at the Thistle, by Hugh MacDiarmid’ in Gairm 6 (Winter 1953), 148.
    [Show full text]
  • Journal of Irish and Scottish Studies Migrating Minds
    Journal of Irish and Scottish Studies Volume 5: Issue 1 Migrating Minds AHRC Centre for Irish and Scottish Studies, University of Aberdeen JOURNAL OF IRISH AND SCOTTISH STUDIES Volume 5, Issue 1 Autumn 2011 Migrating Minds Published by the AHRC Centre for Irish and Scottish Studies at the University of Aberdeen in association with The universities of the The Irish-Scottish Academic Initiative ISSN 1753-2396 Printed and bound in Great Britain by CPI Antony Rowe, Chippenham and Eastbourne Journal of Irish and Scottish Studies General Editor: Cairns Craig Issue Editor: Paul Shanks Associate Editor: Michael Brown Editorial Advisory Board: Fran Brearton, Queen’s University, Belfast Eleanor Bell, University of Strathclyde Ewen Cameron, University of Edinburgh Sean Connolly, Queen’s University, Belfast Patrick Crotty, University of Aberdeen David Dickson, Trinity College, Dublin T. M. Devine, University of Edinburgh David Dumville, University of Aberdeen Aaron Kelly, University of Edinburgh Edna Longley, Queen’s University, Belfast Peter Mackay, Queen’s University, Belfast Shane Alcobia-Murphy, University of Aberdeen Ian Campbell Ross, Trinity College, Dublin Graham Walker, Queen’s University, Belfast International Advisory Board: Don Akenson, Queen’s University, Kingston Tom Brooking, University of Otago Keith Dixon, Université Lumière Lyon 2 Marjorie Howes, Boston College H. Gustav Klaus, University of Rostock Peter Kuch, University of Otago Graeme Morton, University of Guelph Brad Patterson, Victoria University, Wellington Matthew Wickman, Brigham Young David Wilson, University of Toronto The Journal of Irish and Scottish Studies is a peer reviewed journal published twice yearly in autumn and spring by the AHRC Centre for Irish and Scottish Studies at the University of Aberdeen.
    [Show full text]
  • Download (9MB)
    A University of Sussex PhD thesis Available online via Sussex Research Online: http://sro.sussex.ac.uk/ This thesis is protected by copyright which belongs to the author. This thesis cannot be reproduced or quoted extensively from without first obtaining permission in writing from the Author The content must not be changed in any way or sold commercially in any format or medium without the formal permission of the Author When referring to this work, full bibliographic details including the author, title, awarding institution and date of the thesis must be given Please visit Sussex Research Online for more information and further details 2018 Behavioural Models for Identifying Authenticity in the Twitter Feeds of UK Members of Parliament A CONTENT ANALYSIS OF UK MPS’ TWEETS BETWEEN 2011 AND 2012; A LONGITUDINAL STUDY MARK MARGARETTEN Mark Stuart Margaretten Submitted for the degree of Doctor of PhilosoPhy at the University of Sussex June 2018 1 Table of Contents TABLE OF CONTENTS ........................................................................................................................ 1 DECLARATION .................................................................................................................................. 4 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ...................................................................................................................... 5 FIGURES ........................................................................................................................................... 6 TABLES ............................................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Journal of Irish and Scottish Studies Cultural Exchange: from Medieval
    Journal of Irish and Scottish Studies Volume 1: Issue 1 Cultural Exchange: from Medieval to Modernity AHRC Centre for Irish and Scottish Studies JOURNAL OF IRISH AND SCOTTISH STUDIES Volume 1, Issue 1 Cultural Exchange: Medieval to Modern Published by the AHRC Centre for Irish and Scottish Studies at the University of Aberdeen in association with The universities of the The Irish-Scottish Academic Initiative and The Stout Research Centre Irish-Scottish Studies Programme Victoria University of Wellington ISSN 1753-2396 Journal of Irish and Scottish Studies Issue Editor: Cairns Craig Associate Editors: Stephen Dornan, Michael Gardiner, Rosalyn Trigger Editorial Advisory Board: Fran Brearton, Queen’s University, Belfast Eleanor Bell, University of Strathclyde Michael Brown, University of Aberdeen Ewen Cameron, University of Edinburgh Sean Connolly, Queen’s University, Belfast Patrick Crotty, University of Aberdeen David Dickson, Trinity College, Dublin T. M. Devine, University of Edinburgh David Dumville, University of Aberdeen Aaron Kelly, University of Edinburgh Edna Longley, Queen’s University, Belfast Peter Mackay, Queen’s University, Belfast Shane Alcobia-Murphy, University of Aberdeen Brad Patterson, Victoria University of Wellington Ian Campbell Ross, Trinity College, Dublin The Journal of Irish and Scottish Studies is a peer reviewed journal, published twice yearly in September and March, by the AHRC Centre for Irish and Scottish Studies at the University of Aberdeen. An electronic reviews section is available on the AHRC Centre’s website: http://www.abdn.ac.uk/riiss/ahrc- centre.shtml Editorial correspondence, including manuscripts for submission, should be addressed to The Editors,Journal of Irish and Scottish Studies, AHRC Centre for Irish and Scottish Studies, Humanity Manse, 19 College Bounds, University of Aberdeen, AB24 3UG or emailed to [email protected] Subscriptions and business correspondence should be address to The Administrator.
    [Show full text]
  • Brexit and the Future of the United Kingdom
    Brexit and the Future of the United Kingdom © 2016 IAI by Etain Tannam ABSTRACT This paper aims to assess the significance of Brexit for the future of the UK as a unitary state and to identify various ISSN 2280-4331 | ISBN 978-88-98650-96-5 possible outcome to the future of the UK. The first part provides an overview of the current status of Scotland and Northern Ireland in the UK and the differences between both cases. The second part of the article assesses the significance of the EU for the devolved administrations and analyses key party responses to the Brexit debate in Scotland and Northern Ireland. In conclusion the impact of Brexit on the future of the UK as unitary state is assessed. UK | Scotland | Northern Ireland | European Union | EU integration | Public opinion keywords IAI WORKING PAPERS 16 | 16 - JULY 2016 16 | - JULY IAI WORKING PAPERS Brexit and the Future of the United Kingdom Brexit and the Future of the United Kingdom by Etain Tannam* © 2016 IAI Introduction On 23 June 2016, 52 per cent of the UK electorate voted to leave the European Union (EU) in the Brexit referendum and 48 per cent voted to remain.1 Apart from the dramatic implications of Brexit internationally, the referendum also has dramatic implications for the future of the UK as a unitary state. In Northern Ireland, 55 per cent voted to remain in the EU and in Scotland 58 per cent voted to remain.2 The different vote in Scotland and Northern Ireland from Wales and England highlighted the divide between the two regions and Westminster and the potential for such differences in preferences to spark Scottish independence.
    [Show full text]