Download (9MB)
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
A University of Sussex PhD thesis Available online via Sussex Research Online: http://sro.sussex.ac.uk/ This thesis is protected by copyright which belongs to the author. This thesis cannot be reproduced or quoted extensively from without first obtaining permission in writing from the Author The content must not be changed in any way or sold commercially in any format or medium without the formal permission of the Author When referring to this work, full bibliographic details including the author, title, awarding institution and date of the thesis must be given Please visit Sussex Research Online for more information and further details 2018 Behavioural Models for Identifying Authenticity in the Twitter Feeds of UK Members of Parliament A CONTENT ANALYSIS OF UK MPS’ TWEETS BETWEEN 2011 AND 2012; A LONGITUDINAL STUDY MARK MARGARETTEN Mark Stuart Margaretten Submitted for the degree of Doctor of PhilosoPhy at the University of Sussex June 2018 1 Table of Contents TABLE OF CONTENTS ........................................................................................................................ 1 DECLARATION .................................................................................................................................. 4 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ...................................................................................................................... 5 FIGURES ........................................................................................................................................... 6 TABLES ............................................................................................................................................. 7 CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................ 8 CONTRIBUTION TO KNOWLEDGE ........................................................................................................... 9 CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW ................................................................................................... 14 INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................................... 14 LOCATING DEMOCRACY IN A SITUATIONAL DISCURSIVE ARENA ................................................................... 18 CRISIS THEORY AND DEMOCRATIC LEGITIMACY ....................................................................................... 23 ROLE OF ICT IN CIVIC PARTICIPATION ................................................................................................... 26 AUTHENTICITY ................................................................................................................................ 31 REALITY TV ................................................................................................................................... 34 RESEARCH QUESTIONS ..................................................................................................................... 36 PILOT STUDY .................................................................................................................................. 36 CONCLUSION ................................................................................................................................. 37 CHAPTER 3: METHODOLOGY .......................................................................................................... 38 INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................................... 38 The Dataset............................................................................................................................ 42 The Perception of Authenticity and the MP’s Office as a Unit of Analysis ................................. 43 RESEARCH DESIGN .......................................................................................................................... 44 Mixed Method Content Analysis ............................................................................................. 45 Data Acquisition and Analytical Flow ...................................................................................... 45 OPERATIONALIZING AUTHENTIC TALK AND CIVIC PARTICIPATION ................................................................. 51 The Mixed Methods Connection between Summative and Qualitative Content Analyses ......... 51 ANALYTICAL FRAMEWORK ................................................................................................................. 55 Connecting Behavioural Models to Authentic Talk and Political Marketing .............................. 55 The Behavioural Models ......................................................................................................... 57 Distinguishing Between Models: an Example Examination ...................................................... 63 Connecting Twitter’s Structural Elements to Civic Participation ............................................... 65 2 THE MACHINE ................................................................................................................................ 71 Architecture and Development ............................................................................................... 73 Capabilities to Display, Search and Interrogate ....................................................................... 75 CONCLUSION ................................................................................................................................. 78 CHAPTER 3: HOW UK PARLIAMENTARIANS TWEET ........................................................................ 79 OVERALL TOTALS ............................................................................................................................ 81 TOTALS BY TYPE OF USER .................................................................................................................. 84 DIFFERENCES IN PARTY TWITTER USAGE ............................................................................................... 90 WHO TWEETS, AND HOW OFTEN........................................................................................................ 92 WHO DO MPS MENTION, AND HOW OFTEN? ....................................................................................... 94 WHICH HASHTAGS ARE USED ............................................................................................................ 96 FINDINGS ...................................................................................................................................... 97 CHAPTER 4: THE EDUCATOR ......................................................................................................... 100 DEFINING THE EDUCATOR ............................................................................................................... 103 THE PROTOTYPICAL EDUCATOR - JULIAN HUPPERT MP .......................................................................... 104 Hashtags, Authentic Language, Civic Participation and Science Policy ................................... 107 Mentions .............................................................................................................................. 112 STELLA CREASY AND PAYDAY LOANS: EDUCATING AND MOTIVATING THE PUBLIC .......................................... 113 Creasy’s Focus on Payday Loans and their Regulation ........................................................... 116 Educating Citizens ................................................................................................................ 117 FINAL THOUGHTS ON THE EDUCATOR ................................................................................................. 119 CHAPTER 5: THE COMMUNICATOR .............................................................................................. 121 DEFINING THE COMMUNICATOR ....................................................................................................... 122 THE PROTOTYPICAL COMMUNICATOR – TIM FARRON ............................................................................ 123 Farron Tweets All Day and All Week ..................................................................................... 124 He Communicates Directly with People ................................................................................. 127 But he wasn’t always that way ............................................................................................. 132 When Tweets without @mentions are examined, he’s a Speaker .......................................... 135 By 24 September 2012, he’s a full Communicator .................................................................. 137 Democratic Transparency: Tim Farron MP and Karl Turner MP Have a Barney ...................... 139 CHAPTER 6: THE PROMOTER ........................................................................................................ 142 THE PROTOTYPE - ROB HALFON MP (CONSERVATIVE) ........................................................................... 143 ROB HALFON TWITTER BEHAVIOUR 2011-2012 .................................................................................. 145 HALFON PROMOTES HIS FUEL TAX POSITION ....................................................................................... 150 COMMUNICATING VS PROMOTING WHEN OSAMA BIN LADEN WAS KILLED .................................................. 152 3 PROMOTERS ARE NICE