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SUPPORTING INDIGENOUS LANGUAGE PRESERVATION and REVITALIZATION in CANADA Deputy Director’S Introduction

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SUMMER 2020 PRACTICAL AND AUTHORITATIVE ANALYSIS OF KEY NATIONAL ISSUES SUPPORTING INDIGENOUS LANGUAGE PRESERVATION AND REVITALIZATION IN CANADA Deputy director’s introduction he Robarts Centre for Canadian guage preservation and revitalization BY JEAN MICHEL MONTSION TStudies is York University’s research efforts. Dr. Oxford also discusses key engine for a collaborative and critical Jean Michel Montsion is deputy director insights on the contribution of linguistics of the Robarts Centre for Canadian Studies study of Canada. One conversation that (2019-20) and an associate professor to Canadian Studies—a helpful primer has been growing in importance and in the Canadian Studies Program at before readers delve into the booklet prominence in the last two decades at Glendon College, York University. appended to this issue. the Centre concerns the enduring lega- We extend our sincere thanks to cies of Indigenous – Settler dynamics such work by presenting two recent ini- Dr. Gold, Dr. Martin, and Dr. Oxford that have shaped and continue to shape tiatives, organized at the Glendon cam- for their contributions to this special the country, and, more recently, the pus of York University, where the study issue, and for their continued work on ways in which the Centre can support of languages and intercultural contact is Indigenous language preservation and initiatives leading toward reconciliation. part of Glendon College’s academic mis- revitalization in the Canadian context. In light of the calls to action of the Truth sion and history. Work undertaken by the It is our hope that this special issue and Reconciliation Committee of Can- Canadian Language Museum under the will serve as inspiration for the ways in ada (2015), which notably emphasize leadership of Dr. Elaine Gold, and by which Settler Canadians can educate the importance of Indigenous language Glendon faculty members such as themselves; listen, read, and learn from preservation and revitalization, and of Dr. Ian Martin, demonstrates well how Indigenous leaders and communities; the United Nations declaring 2019 the one can work toward Indigenous lan- support ongoing initiatives for Indigen- International Year of Indigenous Lan- guage preservation and revitalization in ous language preservation and revital- guages, we have prepared a special issue Canada in concrete ways, from know- ization in Canada; and make a personal of Canada Watch that puts Indigenous ledge dissemination in public and com- commitment to advance reconciliation language preservation and revitalization munity settings, to advocacy work with in their own lives. efforts in Canada front and centre, with government bodies on specific legisla- an unusual twist: three short contribu- tion. The articles by Dr. Gold and Dr. REFERENCES tions from linguists, followed by an Martin highlight York’s Glendon campus Truth and Reconciliation Commission of informative booklet entitled Indigenous as a site of conversation and action in Canada (TRC). (2015). Truth and Languages in Canada, written by Dr. Will sustaining these discussions, and they Reconciliation Commission of Canada: Oxford, an associate professor in the illustrate how Settler Canadians can Calls to action. Winnipeg, MB: TRC. Department of Linguistics at the Univer- ensure that Indigenous languages are Retrieved from http://trc.ca/assets/ sity of Manitoba. discussed and made visible in Settler pdf/Calls_to_Action_English2.pdf The intent of this special issue is institutions in Canada, such as govern- threefold: to share this booklet produced ments, museums, and academia. The United Nations. (2019). 2019 International by one of the Robarts Centre’s key com- third article, by Dr. Oxford, presents Year of Indigenous Languages. munity partners, the Canadian Language more explicitly how academics are con- Retrieved from https://www.un.org/ Museum; to offer our readership a better fronted by the tension between being development/desa/dspd/2019/01/ understanding of the work that linguists part of academia—a Settler institution— 2019-international-year-of-indigenous- do to preserve and revitalize Indigenous and having an individual intent and languages/ languages in Canada; and to illustrate responsibility to support Indigenous lan- Canada Watch is a publication of the Robarts Centre for Canadian Studies of York University CANADA WATCH SUMMER 2020 PRACTICAL AND AUTHORITATIVE ANALYSIS OF KEY NATIONAL ISSUES Supporting Indigenous language EDITOR Jean Michel Montsion, preservation and revitalization in Canada Deputy Director, 2019-20 Robarts Centre for Canadian Studies, FEATURES York University MANAGING EDITOR Deputy director’s introduction Laura Taman, Coordinator By Jean Michel Montsion ....................................................................... 1 Robarts Centre for Canadian Studies, York University Creating the booklet Indigenous Languages in Canada By Elaine Gold ..................................................................................... 3 COLUMNISTS IN THIS ISSUE Elain Gold Indigenous language policies in Canada in the wake of Bill C-91: Report on a national colloquium at Glendon College, December 2019 Ian Martin By Ian Martin ....................................................................................... 4 Will Oxford Indigenous languages and the field of linguistics PRODUCTION ReWords Editorial & Production Services By Will Oxford .................................................................................... 5 CONTACT FOR INFORMATION Booklet: Indigenous Languages in Canada Canada Watch 7th Floor, Kaneff Tower 4700 Keele St., Toronto, Ontario M3J 1P3 Phone 416-736-5499, Fax 416-650-8069 http://robarts.info.yorku.ca For information regarding future issues, contact Laura Taman, Coordinator, Robarts Centre. Please address comments to Gabrielle Slowey, Director, Robarts Centre for Canadian Studies. Canada Watch is produced by the Robarts Centre for Canadian Studies of York University. Copyright © 2020 The Robarts Centre for Canadian Studies ISSN 1191-7733 The Robarts Centre for Canadian Studies and PRACTICAL AND AUTHORITATIVE ANALYSIS OF KEY NATIONAL ISSUES LEARN MORE AT: http://robarts.info.yorku.ca 2 CANADA WATCH • SUMMER 2020 Creating the booklet Indigenous Languages in Canada he creation of the booklet Indigen- Oxford has done an excellent job in BY ELAINE GOLD Tous Languages in Canada was initi- highlighting the fascinating variety of ated by the Canadian Language Museum Elaine Gold is the director of the languages spoken across the country, Canadian Language Museum, (CLM) and brought to fruition through Glendon Campus, York University. explaining linguistic concepts, and intro- the generous support of the Robarts ducing important issues of the effects of Centre for Canadian Studies. The CLM colonization on these languages. He has undertook this project because we titles of the exhibits reveal the range of brought together research by over 60 believe that it is very important to raise topics the CLM has explored: scholars to present information about awareness of the rich diversity of Indigenous languages across the country. • Canadian English, Eh! Indigenous languages in Canada. The booklet is divided into six topics: • Le français au Canada : D’un océan à l’autre • approaching the study of Indigen- THE CANADIAN LANGUAGE • Speaking the Inuit Way ous languages from an informed MUSEUM • Cree: The People’s Language and respectful perspective; The CLM was founded in 2011 with the • A Tapestry of Voices: Celebrating • the geographical distribution of goal of promoting knowledge about Canada’s Languages Indigenous languages in Canada; the cultural heritage embedded in all the • Read Between the Signs: 150 Years • notable structural properties of languages used in Canada: Indigenous of Language in Toronto Indigenous languages; languages, official languages, more • Beyond Words: Dictionaries and • the writing systems used for recent immigrant languages, and signed Indigenous Languages Indigenous languages; languages. The museum feels a special • Sign Languages of Canada: Past, • the effects of contact between responsibility to Canada’s Indigenous Present and Future Indigenous and non-Indigenous communities, all of which, big and small, languages; and are facing great challenges today in • the current vitality of Indigenous LEARNING ABOUT INDIGENOUS maintaining their languages. languages in Canada, including LANGUAGES The CLM’s exhibit space is on York discussion of language University’s Glendon College campus, in From discussions with visitors to our endangerment, maintenance, and Toronto, but its reach is Canada-wide. exhibits, we have learned that Canad- revitalization. Every year the CLM creates a new travel- ians know very little about Indigenous ling exhibit, and these exhibits have languages. Visitors are amazed to learn We are confident that this booklet toured the country from coast to coast to that there are more than 60 Indigenous will be of interest to a wide range of coast: from Victoria to St. John’s to languages in 12 different language fami- people in both the Indigenous and non- Moose Factory on James Bay. The exhib- lies. At the same time, we have encoun- Indigenous communities. We know of no its have been seen by tens of thousands tered enormous interest in learning other short publication that provides an of Canadians in libraries, community cen- more about Indigenous languages. We introduction to all of the Indigenous lan- tres, small museums, schools, colleges, realized that it would be very helpful to guages
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